EP1523419A1 - Tyre bead reinforcement comprising discontinuous reinforcing elements - Google Patents

Tyre bead reinforcement comprising discontinuous reinforcing elements

Info

Publication number
EP1523419A1
EP1523419A1 EP03735592A EP03735592A EP1523419A1 EP 1523419 A1 EP1523419 A1 EP 1523419A1 EP 03735592 A EP03735592 A EP 03735592A EP 03735592 A EP03735592 A EP 03735592A EP 1523419 A1 EP1523419 A1 EP 1523419A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circle
reinforcement
discontinuous
tire
radius
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03735592A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1523419B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Durif
Gilles Sallaz
Philippe Gervais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Original Assignee
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS filed Critical Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Publication of EP1523419A1 publication Critical patent/EP1523419A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1523419B1 publication Critical patent/EP1523419B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
    • B60C15/06—Flipper strips, fillers, or chafing strips and reinforcing layers for the construction of the bead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
    • B60C15/04—Bead cores
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10819—Characterized by the structure of the bead portion of the tire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10819—Characterized by the structure of the bead portion of the tire
    • Y10T152/10828—Chafer or sealing strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement intended for equipping vehicles carrying heavy loads and more particularly civil engineering vehicles or heavy vehicles.
  • a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement comprises a crown zone surmounted radially on the outside by a tread intended to come into contact with the ground during the rolling of said tire, two sidewall zones extending the crown axially and radially on the side and other and terminated by zones forming beads.
  • This tire is then mounted on a mounting rim comprising rim seats of frustoconical or cylindrical shape which may or may not be extended by flanges depending on the type of tire, these seats or flanges when they are present being extended by hooks of substantially shape circular.
  • the beads of said tire bear against the seats and the hooks of this mounting rim.
  • the carcass reinforcement of this tire is composed of a plurality of reinforcements (of the cable or generally metallic son type) embedded in at least one rubber mixture, these reinforcements being substantially oriented in the meridian direction (i.e. - say in a direction making an angle close to 90 ° with the circumferential direction on the tire).
  • at least one bead reinforcement forming a circumferential reinforcement the carcass reinforcements can be turned around this bead reinforcement to form a reversal or plated axially against said reinforcement.
  • These reinforcements can be continuous, that is to say making at least one full turn, or discontinuous, that is to say extending over an angular fraction of a full turn and less than 360 °.
  • This complementary reinforcing reinforcement can be placed axially inside or outside the carcass reinforcement or axially against the overturning when the carcass reinforcement is anchored by inversion around a rod for example.
  • discontinuous reinforcement When reinforcements extending over an angular fraction of less than 360 ° are used (these reinforcements will be referred to as “discontinuous reinforcement” in this document), endurance problems linked to certain distributions of the ends of discontinuous reinforcements may occur taking into account repeated stress cycles during taxiing as described above.
  • the object of the invention is a tire for vehicles carrying heavy loads comprising a crown zone extended axially and radially by sidewalls, the latter being themselves extended by beads intended to come into contact with a mounting rim of the pneumatic, this rim comprising a portion forming a rim seat extended radially outward by a rim hook of substantially circular external profile, the sidewalls of the tire being reinforced by a radial carcass reinforcement, this radial carcass reinforcement extending in the beads of the tire to be anchored on a circumferential bead reinforcement frame.
  • This tire also comprises, in at least one bead, an additional reinforcing reinforcement comprising a plurality of discontinuous reinforcements of short length L0, these discontinuous reinforcements being arranged substantially circumferentially in a plurality of concentric circles C, each circle C being defined by a mean radius R measured relative to the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • Each discontinuous reinforcement of length LO situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L 1 and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements situated on a circle Cl of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to the circle C, this tire being characterized in that the coupling lengths L1 and L12, L1 being taken greater than or equal to L12, verify the following relationship:
  • This optimal distribution can be achieved by placing the complementary reinforcement on the blank of the tire shaped as a torus or else on a construction drum before the shaping of said reinforcement.
  • K is such that: 2 ⁇ K ⁇ 2.5.
  • each discontinuous reinforcement of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths LU and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements located on a circle C1 of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to circle C, the coupling length LU being between 55 to 75% of L0 and the coupling length L12 being between 10 to 30% LO; each discontinuous reinforcement of the same circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L21 and L22 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements located on a circle C2 of radius R2 immediately adjacent to circle Cl, the radius R2 being less than the radius RI, the coupling length L21 being between 20 to 40% of L0 and the coupling length L22 being between 45 to 65% of L0.
  • the discontinuous reinforcements have an average length of between 1/3 and 1/12 of the circumferential length of the circumferential bead reinforcement taken at the points of said radially innermost reinforcement. If we denote by D0 and MO respectively the average distance separating the ends of two reinforcements on circle C and the middle of the arc between these ends and Dl and Ml respectively the average distance separating the ends of two reinforcements on a circle Cl adjacent to circle C and the midpoint of the arc between these ends, it was found that it was advantageous for the midpoints MO and Ml to be at least one arc length greater than half the arc length separating the furthest ends on the same circle.
  • the radially innermost point is projected radially onto the circle to which the radially outermost point belongs.
  • the length between the media MO and Ml is greater than 30% of L0.
  • the radially external limit of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle ⁇ at most equal to 90 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the rim hook and parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the angle ⁇ is at most equal to 80 °.
  • so-called “mono-module” metallic cables can be used, that is to say having an elongation force curve with a single average slope (corresponding by definition to the modulus of elasticity of the cable) or so-called “bi-module” cables, that is to say the elongation force curve of which has at least two different slopes on either side of a transition point (the elongation force curve of the two distinct slopes, the slope at the origin and at small extensions being less than the slope at large extensions).
  • the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle ⁇ at most equal to 75 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the loose hook and parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle ⁇ at most equal to 90 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction , on the advantageous condition of using elastic discontinuous cables (bi-module).
  • the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle ⁇ at most equal to 45 ° with a direction parallel to the direction axial, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the rim hook and parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle ⁇ at most equal to 75 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, on the advantageous condition of using elastic discontinuous cables (bi-module).
  • the single-module and bi-module discontinuous cables are limited in respective angular sectors corresponding to what has been stated above.
  • the internal limit is located in a sector making at most an angle of 45 ° with the same direction, each of said sectors having its apex in the center of the external profile of the lashing hook.
  • the additional bead reinforcement according to the invention may comprise several sheets of discontinuous reinforcements, said sheets being placed:
  • FIG. 1 shows a meridian section of a bead of a tire according to the invention with an additional reinforcing reinforcement formed by two plies arranged on either side of the carcass reinforcement;
  • Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the reinforcements of a ply of the reinforcement reinforcement used in the bead shown with Figure 1; • Figure 3 shows an alternative placement of the plies of the bead reinforcement frame;
  • Figure 4 shows a third variant of bead according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth variant of a bead according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of a bead of a heavy goods vehicle tire mounted on a rim having seats extended by a flange
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant of a tire bead mounted on a rim having seats inclined at an angle of 15 ° with the axial direction.
  • FIG. 1 A tire of dimension 45/65 R 45 has been produced and is shown mounted on a rim 2 in a partial sectional view in FIG. 1.
  • the mounting rim 2 comprises a seat part 21 extended axially and radially outwardly by a flange 22 perpendicular to the axis of rotation, this flange 22 ending in a hook portion 23 whose profile is substantially circular with center J.
  • the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement 3 reinforced by metallic cables formed from 68 wires of 0.26 mm hooped, this carcass reinforcement 3 being turned over in each bead around a circumferential reinforcement reinforcement 4 of bead; in the present case, the circumferential bead reinforcement 4 is a metal rod 4 provided on its periphery with a thickness of rubber compound 5 intended to avoid direct contact of the reinforcements of the carcass reinforcement 3 with said rod 4.
  • the carcass reinforcement 3 is turned around the rod 4 to form a turn 6 whose end 7 is intended to be located in the sidewall, that is to say radially beyond the point M of the hook 23 of the rim 2 radially outermost.
  • this bead 1 includes an additional reinforcing reinforcement 9 comprising two plies 91 and 92 each formed from a plurality of discontinuous metal cables and oriented substantially in the circumferential direction and coated with a mixture of rubber.
  • Each of these plies 91, 92 is placed against the carcass reinforcement 3, that is to say against the non-turned part around the rod 4, one of these plies being placed axially inside the carcass reinforcement and the other axially outside this same reinforcement.
  • These two layers 91, 92 have, seen in meridian section in FIG.
  • Each of the plies 91, 92 of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement 9 is composed of a plurality of sections of metal cables in bi-module cables of 24 wires of 0.26 mm in diameter having a first modulus of elasticity at low elongation of 25 GPa and a second modulus of elasticity at the greatest elongations of 78 Gpa (the transition point on the elongation force curve being located at around 0.5% of deformation).
  • These discontinuous cables are all substantially the same length L0 equal in this case to 676 mm, or 67.9% of the circumferential length of the rod 4 (taken at the points of the rod most inwardly radially).
  • the rubber mixture of the plies 91, 92 is a rubber mixture of modulus preferably at most equal to 1.2 daN / mm 2 .
  • the ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement 9 axially innermost of the tire is that which extends highest in the sidewall 8.
  • the high ends 91e and 92e of the plies of the additional reinforcement reinforcement 9 of bead are advantageously located in an angular sector of angle ⁇ , this angular sector being between a straight line Jl passing through point J and parallel to the axial direction of the tire and a straight line J2 passing by the same point J, the angle ⁇ , of said sector being such that it is open axially inwards and radially outwards by no more than 90 ° (in this case 65 °).
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the reinforcements of the same ply of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement 9 of the structure shown in FIG. 1 on three neighboring circles C, Cl and C2, each circle being centered on the axis of rotation of the assembled assembly (pneumatic and rim). All the reinforcements have substantially the same length, in this case equal to 676 mm.
  • the discontinuous reinforcements can also be textile reinforcements. .
  • the pitch between neighboring circles C, Cl and C2, on which the discontinuous reinforcements are arranged is equal to the diameter of the reinforcements increased by at least 0.5 mm.
  • the ply 92 is partially shown, the axis of rotation of the tire being perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
  • a reinforcement 920 of length L0 on the circle C of radius R is coupled along arc lengths LU and L12 with two reinforcements 921 of the circle C1 of radius RI (RI less than R) adjacent to the circle C and this same reinforcement 920 of length LOs on the circle C of radius R is coupled according to arc lengths L21 and L22 with two reinforcements 922 of the circle C2 of radius R2 adjacent to the circle Cl.
  • the coupling lengths are:
  • the value taken by K is 2.47 when we consider the coupling values between a reinforcement 920 of length L0 on the circle C and the reinforcements 921 of the circle C1 of radius RI (RI less than R) adjacent to the circle C of the adjacent circle.
  • the average lengths of arc defined by the ends facing two consecutive reinforcements of the same circle C, Cl and C2 are respectively of the order of 104, 95 and 86 mm.
  • the midpoints of the arcs separating the ends opposite two reinforcements 920, 921, 922 consecutive with the same circle C, C l and C2 are respectively denoted MO, Ml, M2.
  • the arc length MOM'l is greater than the arc length D0 between the ends facing two consecutive reinforcements of the same circle C (the point M'I corresponds to the point of intersection with circle C of the radius passing through Ml and extended to circle C).
  • the arc length M1M'2 is greater than the arc length Dl separating the ends opposite two consecutive reinforcements from the circle Cl (the point M'2 corresponds to the point of intersection with the circle Cl of the radius passing through M2 and extended to the circle Cl).
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are shown three variants of bead structure incorporating a complementary reinforcement frame 9, said frame comprising two sheets of discontinuous reinforcements; for convenience, the references used for these figures are identical to those of Figures 1 and 2 insofar as they designate identical components.
  • the beads 1 comprise a bead wire 4 around which a carcass reinforcement 3 is turned, going axially from the inside towards the outside; radially outside of the rod 4 is disposed a profile 10 made of a rubber mixture of substantially triangular section, the point 101 furthest from the rod 4 is located axially closer to the carcass reinforcement 3 than to its upturn 6
  • Another filling mixture 10 ′ is also provided between this profile 10 and said reversal 6.
  • each ply 91, 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is composed of two different reinforcements, namely discontinuous single-module metal cables and discontinuous dual-module cables as used in the variant of FIG. 1.
  • the single module cables are only present in a first sector of angle ⁇ l equal to 45 ° with the axial direction and the bi-module cables complete said ply in a sector of angle ⁇ 2 at most equal to 30 ° and extending said first sector.
  • a first ply 91 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3 against the latter and a second ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside of the reversal 6 against it.
  • a first ply 91 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3 against the latter and a second ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially inside the flip 6 against it.
  • the plies 91 and 92 of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement 9 have their radially outermost ends situated in an angular sector of angle ⁇ at most equal to 75 ° and their radially most outermost ends.
  • the interior located radially below a straight line D parallel to the axis of rotation and passing through the point of the radially outermost rim.
  • the definition of the angular sector of angle ⁇ corresponds to what has been given for the variant of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of the bead according to the invention for a tire of dimension 10.00 R 20 intended to equip a heavy goods vehicle.
  • the reference numbers used for this figure 6 correspond to those used for the other figures, with the difference that they are followed by the symbol - '- (by example the bead marked 1 for the variants of FIGS. 1 to 5 is identified in the variant of FIG. 6 by the).
  • the tire shown in Figure 6 is mounted on a rim 2 'whose seats 21' are extended by flanges 22 'themselves terminated by hooks 23' like the rim used for the tire described with the previous figures .
  • the carcass 3 ' is arranged axially inside the carcass 3 'a complementary reinforcing frame 9' formed of a single ply 91 'extending between an inner end 91 i' and an outer end 91e '.
  • the inner end 91i ' is located substantially at the level of the radially outermost part of the rod 4' of the bead l ', while the outer end 91e' is located at the radially outer limit of a sector angular with angle ⁇ 'equal to 64 °.
  • This angular sector has for its apex the point J ', geometric center of the circle forming the hook 23' of the rim 2 ', and for sides, on the one hand, a straight line passing through this point J' and parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire and on the other hand, a straight line passing through this point J 'and through the outer end 91e'.
  • the reinforcing ply 91 ′ is formed of a plurality of metal cables of length equal to 251.2 mm arranged on circles concentric with the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • the cables used for this ribbon cable are single module cables of formula 1 1-35 (that is to say 11 elementary wires of 0.35 mm in diameter).
  • the coupling lengths between the cables satisfy the recommended values.
  • we have the following coupling lengths keeping the notations used for the previous figures and in particular Figure 2):
  • L12 33.2 mm (i.e. 13.2% of L0)
  • L21 64.6 mm (i.e. 25.7% of L0)
  • the couplings between for example a discontinuous reinforcement on a circle and the two reinforcements on the adjacent circle, corresponding to the coupling lengths LU and L12, verify the relation: 1.5 ⁇ K ⁇ 4 since in this example K is equal to 2.32.
  • a rod 4 ′ is advantageously used, the construction of which results in high torsional rigidity (that is to say greater than the rigidity of a so-called equivalent braided bead for the same dimension of tire).
  • the coupling between the carcass ply 3 'and its upturn 6' is achieved by the use of two rubber filling mixes 10 'and 11', the mixture 10 'of hardness greater than that of the mixture 1 the being disposed against the coating 5 'of the rod 4' and axially along the carcass 3 'and the complementary ply 91'.
  • FIG. 7 shows another variant according to the invention relating to a tire of dimension 385/65 R 22.5 for heavy goods vehicles and intended to be mounted on a 2 "rim, each seat 21" of which is inclined at an angle of approximately 15 ° with the axial direction and is directly extended by a hook 23 "of substantially circular shape.
  • Each bead 1" comprises a carcass reinforcement 3 "wound around a circumferential reinforcement formed by a rod 4" and a coating in 5 "eraser to form an inversion.
  • this bead 1 “comprises a complementary reinforcement 9" comprising a first series of discontinuous cables 91 "and a second series of discontinuous cables 92".
  • the first series of discontinuous cables 91 is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3" and is formed of bi-module metallic cables (21 wires of 0.28 mm) distributed over a plurality of circles concentric with the axis of rotation.
  • the radially furthest part from the axis of rotation of this first series of discontinuous cables 91 is located in an angular sector of angle ⁇ " equal to 85 °.
  • the cables furthest from the axis of rotation of the first series of 91 "discontinuous cables with an average length of 274.2 mm satisfy the following coupling relationships:
  • the second series of discontinuous cables 92 is placed axially inside the carcass reinforcement 3" and is formed of single-module metal cables (1 1 wires of 0.35 mm) distributed over a plurality of circles concentric with the axis of rotation. The radially furthest part from the axis of rotation of this second series of discontinuous cables 92 "is located in an angular sector of angle ai" equal to 74 °.
  • the lower end of the first series of discontinuous cables 91 "(corresponding to the laying circle of smaller radius) is located substantially in the vicinity of the rod 4", while the lower end of the second series of discontinuous cables 92 "is located radially above the covering 5" of the rod 4 ".

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a tyre for vehicles transporting heavy loads comprising, in at least one bead (1) an additional reinforcement (1) consisting of a plurality of discontinuous reinforcing elements (920, 921, 922), said discontinuous reinforcing elements being of substantially circumferential orientation to form a plurality of circles (C, C1, C2) concentric to the axis of rotation of the tyre mounted on its rim, each circle being defined by a mean radius (R, R1, R2) measured relative to said axis of rotation. Said tyre is characterized in that: each discontinuous reinforcing element (920) of length L0 located on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths (L11) and (L12) with two discontinuous reinforcing elements (921) located on a circle C1 of radius R1, circle immediately adjacent to the circle C, the coupling length L11 ranging between 10 and 25 % of L0; each discontinuous reinforcing element of the same circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths (L21) and (L22) with two discontinuous reinforcing elements (922) located on a circle C2 of radius R2 immediately adjacent to the circle C1, the coupling length L21 ranging between 15 to 35 % of L0 and the coupling length L22 ranging between 50 to 70 % of L0.

Description

ARMATURE DE BOURRELET DE PNEUMATIQUE COMPRENANT DES TIRE BUCKLE FRAME INCLUDING
RENFORTS DISCONTINUS.DISCONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENTS.
L'invention concerne un pneumatique à armature de carcasse radiale destiné à l'équipement de véhicules portant de lourdes charges et plus particulièrement des engins de génie civil ou de véhicules poids lourd.The invention relates to a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement intended for equipping vehicles carrying heavy loads and more particularly civil engineering vehicles or heavy vehicles.
Un pneumatique à armature de carcasse radiale comprend une zone de sommet surmontée radialement à l'extérieur par une bande de roulement destinée à venir en contact avec le sol pendant le roulage dudit pneumatique, de deux zones de flanc prolongeant le sommet axialement et radialement de part et d'autre et terminés par des zones formant des bourrelets. Ce pneumatique est ensuite monté sur une jante de montage comportant des sièges de jante de forme tronconique ou cylindrique pouvant être ou non prolongés par des rebords selon le type de pneumatique, ces sièges ou rebords quand ils sont présents étant prolongés par des crochets de forme sensiblement circulaire. Les bourrelets dudit pneumatique viennent en appui contre les sièges et les crochets de cette jante de montage. L'armature de carcasse de ce pneumatique est composée d'une pluralité de renforts (de type câble ou fils en général métalliques) noyés dans au moins un mélange de caoutchouc, ces renforts étant sensiblement orientés dans la direction méridienne (c'est-à-dire dans une direction faisant un angle voisin de 90° avec la direction circonférentielle sur le pneumatique). Afin d'ancrer ces renforts dans les bourrelets du pneumatique, il est prévu au moins une armature de bourrelet formant un renforcement circonférentiel : les renforts de carcasse pouvant être retournés autour de cette armature de bourrelet pour former un retournement ou plaqués axialement contre ladite armature.A tire with a radial carcass reinforcement comprises a crown zone surmounted radially on the outside by a tread intended to come into contact with the ground during the rolling of said tire, two sidewall zones extending the crown axially and radially on the side and other and terminated by zones forming beads. This tire is then mounted on a mounting rim comprising rim seats of frustoconical or cylindrical shape which may or may not be extended by flanges depending on the type of tire, these seats or flanges when they are present being extended by hooks of substantially shape circular. The beads of said tire bear against the seats and the hooks of this mounting rim. The carcass reinforcement of this tire is composed of a plurality of reinforcements (of the cable or generally metallic son type) embedded in at least one rubber mixture, these reinforcements being substantially oriented in the meridian direction (i.e. - say in a direction making an angle close to 90 ° with the circumferential direction on the tire). In order to anchor these reinforcements in the beads of the tire, there is provided at least one bead reinforcement forming a circumferential reinforcement: the carcass reinforcements can be turned around this bead reinforcement to form a reversal or plated axially against said reinforcement.
Sous l'effet combiné de la charge portée par le pneumatique et du roulage, les parties des flancs du pneumatique situées au voisinage de l'empreinte dudit pneumatique avec le sol subissent des variations cycliques de courbure. Dans cette région, les flancs subissent des flexions autour des crochets de jante dans un plan méridien (c'est-à-dire un plan contenant l'axe de rotation du pneumatique). En outre, l'écrasement du pneumatique engendre des mouvements alternatifs et cycliques des renforts de l'armature de carcasse dans les flancs dans la direction circonférentielle qui entraînent un déplacement relatif plus ou moins important des bourrelets par rapport aux crochets de jante. Ces mouvements sont encore amplifiés quand la charge supportée augmente. Il en est de même quand la taille du pneumatique augmente et également quand le rapport de forme dudit pneumatique est réduit (H/S <1, où H est la hauteur de la section du pneumatique et S la largeur de ladite section).Under the combined effect of the load carried by the tire and the rolling, the parts of the sidewalls of the tire located in the vicinity of the imprint of said tire with the ground undergo cyclic variations in curvature. In this region, the sidewalls undergo bending around the rim hooks in a meridian plane (that is to say a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire). In addition, the flattening of the tire generates reciprocating and cyclic movements of the reinforcements of the carcass reinforcement in the sidewalls in the circumferential direction which cause a more or less significant relative displacement of the beads relative to the rim hooks. These movements are further amplified when the supported load increases. It is the same when the size of the tire increases and also when the aspect ratio of said tire is reduced (H / S <1, where H is the height of the section of the tire and S the width of said section).
Sous l'effet de ces mouvements alternatifs dans les directions circonférentielle et méridienne, les bourrelets frottent contre les crochets de la jante de montage et s'usent plus ou moins. Pour réduire cette usure, il est connu, outre l'emploi de mélange de gomme moins sensible à l'usure par frottement, de disposer dans chaque bourrelet et plus ou moins haut (c'est-à-dire radialement vers l'extérieur) dans les flancs au moins une armature complémentaire de renforcement composée d'une pluralité de renfort (câbles ou fils métalliques) disposés les uns à côté des autres et de manière à être orientés selon un angle nul ou faible par rapport à la direction circonférentielle (par angle nul ou faible, on entend un angle allant de 0° à 15° en valeur).Under the effect of these alternative movements in the circumferential and meridian directions, the beads rub against the hooks of the mounting rim and wear more or less. To reduce this wear, it is known, in addition to the use of a gum mixture less sensitive to wear by friction, to have in each bead and more or less high (that is to say radially outwards) in the sidewalls at least one additional reinforcing reinforcement composed of a plurality of reinforcements (cables or metal wires) arranged one next to the other and so as to be oriented at a zero or small angle relative to the circumferential direction (by zero or small angle, we mean an angle ranging from 0 ° to 15 ° in value).
Ces renforts peuvent être continus, c'est-à-dire faisant au moins un tour complet, ou discontinus, c'est-à-dire s'étendant sur une fraction angulaire d'un tour complet et inférieure à 360°. Cette armature complémentaire de renforcement peut être placée axialement à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse ou axialement contre le retournement lorsque l'armature de carcasse est ancrée par retournement autour d'une tringle par exemple.These reinforcements can be continuous, that is to say making at least one full turn, or discontinuous, that is to say extending over an angular fraction of a full turn and less than 360 °. This complementary reinforcing reinforcement can be placed axially inside or outside the carcass reinforcement or axially against the overturning when the carcass reinforcement is anchored by inversion around a rod for example.
Lorsqu'on emploie des renforts s'étendant sur une fraction angulaire inférieure à 360° (ces renforts seront dits "renfort discontinus" dans le présent document), des problèmes d'endurance liés à certaines répartitions des extrémités de renforts discontinus peuvent survenir compte tenu des cycles de sollicitations répétées pendant le roulage comme décrit précédemment.When reinforcements extending over an angular fraction of less than 360 ° are used (these reinforcements will be referred to as "discontinuous reinforcement" in this document), endurance problems linked to certain distributions of the ends of discontinuous reinforcements may occur taking into account repeated stress cycles during taxiing as described above.
L'objet de l'invention est un pneumatique pour véhicules portant de lourdes charges comprenant une zone de sommet prolongée axialement et radialement par des flancs, ces derniers étant eux- mêmes prolongés par des bourrelets destinés à venir en contact avec une jante de montage du pneumatique, cette jante comportant une partie formant siège de jante prolongée radialement vers l'extérieur par un crochet de jante de profil extérieur sensiblement circulaire, les flancs du pneumatique étant renforcés par une armature de carcasse radiale, cette armature de carcasse radiale se prolongeant dans les bourrelets du pneumatique pour être ancrée sur une armature de renforcement circonférentiel de bourrelet. Ce pneumatique comprend en outre, dans au moins un bourrelet, une armature complémentaire de renforcement comportant une pluralité de renforts discontinus de courte longueur L0, ces renforts discontinus étant disposés sensiblement circonférentiellement selon une pluralité de cercles C concentriques, chaque cercle C étant défini par un rayon moyen R mesuré par rapport à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique. Chaque renfort discontinu de longueur LO situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage Ll 1 et L12 respectivement avec deux renforts discontinus situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI inférieur au rayon R, ledit cercle étant immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, ce pneumatique étant caractérisé en ce que les longueurs de couplage Ll 1 et L12, Ll 1 étant prise supérieure ou égale à L12, vérifient la relation suivante :The object of the invention is a tire for vehicles carrying heavy loads comprising a crown zone extended axially and radially by sidewalls, the latter being themselves extended by beads intended to come into contact with a mounting rim of the pneumatic, this rim comprising a portion forming a rim seat extended radially outward by a rim hook of substantially circular external profile, the sidewalls of the tire being reinforced by a radial carcass reinforcement, this radial carcass reinforcement extending in the beads of the tire to be anchored on a circumferential bead reinforcement frame. This tire also comprises, in at least one bead, an additional reinforcing reinforcement comprising a plurality of discontinuous reinforcements of short length L0, these discontinuous reinforcements being arranged substantially circumferentially in a plurality of concentric circles C, each circle C being defined by a mean radius R measured relative to the axis of rotation of the tire. Each discontinuous reinforcement of length LO situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L 1 and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements situated on a circle Cl of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to the circle C, this tire being characterized in that the coupling lengths L1 and L12, L1 being taken greater than or equal to L12, verify the following relationship:
1.5 < K < 41.5 <K <4
_ U2λ avec : K = ^ _ L1_ U2 λ with: K = ^ _ L1
LOLO
En respectant cette relation pour tous les renforts discontinus de tous les cercles on obtient une répartition optimale des extrémités desdits renforts discontinus permettant d'éviter les problèmes mentionnés dans l'art antérieur.By respecting this relationship for all the discontinuous reinforcements of all the circles, an optimal distribution of the ends of said discontinuous reinforcements is obtained, making it possible to avoid the problems mentioned in the prior art.
Cette répartition optimale peut être réalisée en plaçant l'armature complémentaire sur l'ébauche du pneumatique conformé en forme de tore ou bien sur un tambour de confection avant la conformation de ladite armature.This optimal distribution can be achieved by placing the complementary reinforcement on the blank of the tire shaped as a torus or else on a construction drum before the shaping of said reinforcement.
Cette relation s'applique que la longueur LO soit ou non identique pour tous les câbles. Encore plus préférentiellement, K est tel que : 2 < K < 2.5 .This relation applies whether or not the length LO is identical for all the cables. Even more preferably, K is such that: 2 <K <2.5.
Bien entendu, lorsqu'il est énoncé que les renforts continus sont disposés sur des cercles concentriques, il faut entendre que ces renforts peuvent être placés sur des spires et que chaque renfort est disposé sur une courbe assimilable à un arc de cercle.Of course, when it is stated that the continuous reinforcements are arranged on concentric circles, it should be understood that these reinforcements can be placed on turns and that each reinforcement is arranged on a curve comparable to an arc of a circle.
Dans une variante de l'invention où les câbles sont tous d'une même longueur LO, le pneumatique est caractérisé en ce que : chaque renfort discontinu de longueur L0 situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage LU et L12 respectivement avec deux renforts discontinus situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI inférieur au rayon R, ledit cercle étant immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, la longueur de couplage LU étant comprise entre 55 à 75% de L0 et la longueur de couplage L12 étant comprise entre 10 à 30% de LO ; chaque renfort discontinu du même cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage L21 et L22 respectivement avec deux renforts discontinus situés sur un cercle C2 de rayon R2 immédiatement adjacent au cercle Cl, le rayon R2 étant inférieur au rayon RI, la longueur de couplage L21 étant comprise entre 20 à 40% de L0 et la longueur de couplage L22 étant comprise entre 45 à 65% de L0.In a variant of the invention in which the cables are all of the same length LO, the tire is characterized in that: each discontinuous reinforcement of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths LU and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements located on a circle C1 of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to circle C, the coupling length LU being between 55 to 75% of L0 and the coupling length L12 being between 10 to 30% LO; each discontinuous reinforcement of the same circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L21 and L22 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements located on a circle C2 of radius R2 immediately adjacent to circle Cl, the radius R2 being less than the radius RI, the coupling length L21 being between 20 to 40% of L0 and the coupling length L22 being between 45 to 65% of L0.
Il est entendu que ces relations de couplage mécanique s'appliquent entre les renforts discontinus de tous les cercles à l'exception des deux cercles consécutifs les plus proches radialement de l'axe de rotation.It is understood that these mechanical coupling relationships apply between the discontinuous reinforcements of all the circles except the two consecutive circles closest radially to the axis of rotation.
Préférentiellement, les renforts discontinus ont une longueur moyenne comprise entre 1/3 et 1/12 de la longueur circonférentielle de l'armature circonférentielle de bourrelet prise aux points de ladite armature radialement les plus à l'intérieur. Si on note D0 et MO respectivement la distance moyenne séparant les extrémités de deux renforts sur le cercle C et le milieu de l'arc entre ces extrémités et Dl et Ml respectivement la distance moyenne séparant les extrémités de deux renforts sur un cercle Cl adjacent au cercle C et le milieu de l'arc entre ces extrémités, on a constaté qu'il était avantageux que les milieux MO et Ml soient distants d'au moins une longueur d'arc supérieure à la moitié de la longueur d'arc séparant les extrémités les plus éloignées sur un même cercle. De cette manière, on obtient une répartition circonférentielle des arcs de cercle sans renforts qui est optimale d'un point de vue de la performance en fatigue de l'armature complémentaire tout en réalisant une structure dont les rigidités sont homogènes circonférentiellement. Pour mesurer la longueur d'arc entre les points milieu MO et Ml, on projette radialement le point radialement le plus à l'intérieur sur le cercle auquel appartient le point radialement le plus à l'extérieur. Préférentiellement, la longueur entre les milieux MO et Ml est supérieure à 30% de L0.Preferably, the discontinuous reinforcements have an average length of between 1/3 and 1/12 of the circumferential length of the circumferential bead reinforcement taken at the points of said radially innermost reinforcement. If we denote by D0 and MO respectively the average distance separating the ends of two reinforcements on circle C and the middle of the arc between these ends and Dl and Ml respectively the average distance separating the ends of two reinforcements on a circle Cl adjacent to circle C and the midpoint of the arc between these ends, it was found that it was advantageous for the midpoints MO and Ml to be at least one arc length greater than half the arc length separating the furthest ends on the same circle. In this way, a circumferential distribution of the circular arcs without reinforcements is obtained which is optimal from a point of view of the fatigue performance of the complementary reinforcement while achieving a structure whose rigidities are circumferentially homogeneous. To measure the arc length between the midpoints MO and M1, the radially innermost point is projected radially onto the circle to which the radially outermost point belongs. Preferably, the length between the media MO and Ml is greater than 30% of L0.
Préférentiellement, la limite radialement externe de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement est comprise dans un secteur angulaire ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur faisant un angle α au plus égal à 90° avec une direction parallèle à la direction axiale, lorsque le pneumatique de l'invention est monté sur sa jante, ce secteur angulaire étant mesuré à partir d'une droite passant par le centre du profil moyen du crochet de jante et parallèle à l'axe de rotation.Preferably, the radially external limit of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle α at most equal to 90 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the rim hook and parallel to the axis of rotation.
Dans le cas d'un montage sur une jante comportant des sièges prolongés par des rebords eux mêmes terminés par des crochets, il est préférable que l'angle α soit au plus égal à 80°.In the case of mounting on a rim comprising seats extended by flanges themselves terminated by hooks, it is preferable that the angle α is at most equal to 80 °.
Cette limite permet de limiter raisonnablement les cycles d'efforts dans les renforts de ladite armature ainsi que les déformations maximales supportées par les renforts lors de chocs avec des objets. Comme éléments de renfort de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement, on peut employer des câbles métalliques dits "mono-module", c'est-à-dire ayant une courbe force allongement à une seule pente moyenne (correspondant par définition au module d'élasticité du câble) ou des câbles dits "bi-modules", c'est-à-dire dont la courbe force allongement présente au moins deux pentes différentes de part et d'autre d'un point de transition (la courbe force allongement présente deux pentes distinctes, la pente à l'origine et aux petits allongements étant inférieure à la pente aux grands allongements). Dans des applications de l'invention à des pneumatiques se montant sur des jantes dont les sièges sont prolongés directement par des crochets et lorsqu'on emploie comme renforts de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement des câbles discontinus mono-module, il est préférable que la limite radialement externe de ladite armature soit comprise dans un secteur angulaire ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur faisant un angle α au plus égal à 75° avec une direction parallèle à la direction axiale, lorsque le pneumatique de l'invention est monté sur sa jante, ce secteur angulaire étant mesuré à partir d'une droite passant par le centre du profil moyen du crochet déjante et parallèle à l'axe de rotation. Pour ces mêmes types de pneumatiques, la limite radialement externe de ladite armature est comprise dans un secteur angulaire ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur faisant un angle α au plus égal à 90° avec une direction parallèle à la direction axiale, à la condition avantageuse d'utiliser des câbles discontinus élastiques (bi module).This limit makes it possible to reasonably limit the cycles of forces in the reinforcements of said reinforcement as well as the maximum deformations supported by the reinforcements during impacts with objects. As reinforcing elements of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement, so-called “mono-module” metallic cables can be used, that is to say having an elongation force curve with a single average slope (corresponding by definition to the modulus of elasticity of the cable) or so-called "bi-module" cables, that is to say the elongation force curve of which has at least two different slopes on either side of a transition point (the elongation force curve of the two distinct slopes, the slope at the origin and at small extensions being less than the slope at large extensions). In applications of the invention to tires mounted on rims, the seats of which are extended directly by hooks, and when reinforcements are used as reinforcements for the complementary reinforcement of single-module discontinuous cables, it is preferable that the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle α at most equal to 75 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the loose hook and parallel to the axis of rotation. For these same types of tires, the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle α at most equal to 90 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction , on the advantageous condition of using elastic discontinuous cables (bi-module).
Dans des applications de l'invention à de très gros pneumatiques (notamment pour engins de génie civil) se montant sur des jantes ayant des rebords prolongés par des crochets, et lorsqu'on emploie comme renforts de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement des câbles discontinus mono-module, il est préférable que la limite radialement externe de ladite armature soit comprise dans un secteur angulaire ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur faisant un angle α au plus égal à 45° avec une direction parallèle à la direction axiale, lorsque le pneumatique de l'invention est monté sur sa jante, ce secteur angulaire étant mesuré à partir d'une droite passant par le centre du profil moyen du crochet de jante et parallèle à l'axe de rotation. Pour ces mêmes types de pneumatiques destinés notamment à des engins de génie civil, la limite radialement externe de ladite armature est comprise dans un secteur angulaire ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur faisant un angle α au plus égal à 75° avec une direction parallèle à la direction axiale, à la condition avantageuse d'utiliser des câbles discontinus élastiques (bi module).In applications of the invention to very large tires (in particular for civil engineering vehicles) mounted on rims having flanges extended by hooks, and when additional reinforcement for reinforcing discontinuous cables is used as reinforcements mono-module, it is preferable that the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle α at most equal to 45 ° with a direction parallel to the direction axial, when the tire of the invention is mounted on its rim, this angular sector being measured from a straight line passing through the center of the mean profile of the rim hook and parallel to the axis of rotation. For these same types of tires intended in particular for civil engineering vehicles, the radially external limit of said reinforcement is included in an angular sector open axially inwards and radially outwards making an angle α at most equal to 75 ° with a direction parallel to the axial direction, on the advantageous condition of using elastic discontinuous cables (bi-module).
Par ailleurs, il est avantageux d'employer au sein d'une même nappe de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement ou dans deux nappes distinctes superposées pour former une même armature complémentaire, des câbles discontinus de nature différente (à savoir monomodule et bi-module). Dans un tel cas, il est avantageux que les câbles discontinus monomodule et bi-modules soient limités dans des secteurs angulaires respectifs correspondant à ce qui a été énoncé précédemment. Préférentiellement, la limite interne est située dans un secteur faisant au plus un angle de 45° avec la même direction, chacun desdits secteurs ayant son sommet au centre du profil externe du crochet déjante.Furthermore, it is advantageous to use, within the same ply of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement or in two distinct superposed plies to form the same complementary reinforcement, discontinuous cables of different nature (namely monomodule and bi-module ). In such a case, it is advantageous for the single-module and bi-module discontinuous cables to be limited in respective angular sectors corresponding to what has been stated above. Preferably, the internal limit is located in a sector making at most an angle of 45 ° with the same direction, each of said sectors having its apex in the center of the external profile of the lashing hook.
L'armature complémentaire de renforcement de bourrelet selon l'invention peut comprendre plusieurs nappes de renforts discontinus, lesdites nappes étant placées :The additional bead reinforcement according to the invention may comprise several sheets of discontinuous reinforcements, said sheets being placed:
• soit d'un même côté de l'armature de carcasse (axialement à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur) ;• either on the same side of the carcass reinforcement (axially inside or outside);
• soit d'un même côté du retournement de l'armature de carcasse (axialement à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur) ;• either on the same side of the upturn of the carcass reinforcement (axially inside or outside);
• soit de part et d'autre de l'armature de carcasse ou du retournement de l'armature de carcasse (axialement à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur) ;• either on either side of the carcass reinforcement or of the inversion of the carcass reinforcement (axially inside and outside);
• soit à axialement à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse et axialement à l'intérieur du retournement de l'armature de carcasse ; • soit à axialement à l'intérieur de l'armature de carcasse et axialement à l'extérieur du retournement de l'armature de carcasse.• either axially outside the carcass reinforcement and axially inside the upturn of the carcass reinforcement; • either axially inside the carcass reinforcement and axially outside the upturn of the carcass reinforcement.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortent de la description faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, plusieurs formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention : • La figure 1 montre une coupe méridienne d'un bourrelet d'un pneumatique selon l'invention avec une armature complémentaire de renforcement formée de deux nappes disposées de part et d'autre de l'armature de carcasse ;Other characteristics and advantages of the invention emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting example, several embodiments of the subject of the invention: • The figure 1 shows a meridian section of a bead of a tire according to the invention with an additional reinforcing reinforcement formed by two plies arranged on either side of the carcass reinforcement;
• La figure 2 montre la disposition des renforts d'une nappe de l'armature de renforcement employée dans le bourrelet montré avec la figure 1 ; • La figure 3 montre une variante de placement des nappes de l'armature de renforcement de bourrelet ;• Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the reinforcements of a ply of the reinforcement reinforcement used in the bead shown with Figure 1; • Figure 3 shows an alternative placement of the plies of the bead reinforcement frame;
• La figure 4 montre une troisième variante de bourrelet selon l'invention ;• Figure 4 shows a third variant of bead according to the invention;
• La figure 5 montre une quatrième variante de bourrelet selon l'invention « La figure 6 montre une variante de bourrelet de pneumatique poids lourd se montant sur une jante ayant des sièges prolongés par un rebord,FIG. 5 shows a fourth variant of a bead according to the invention “ FIG. 6 shows a variant of a bead of a heavy goods vehicle tire mounted on a rim having seats extended by a flange,
• La figure 7 montre une variante de bourrelet de pneumatique poids lourd se montant sur une jante ayant des sièges inclinés d'un angle de 15° avec la direction axiale.FIG. 7 shows a variant of a tire bead mounted on a rim having seats inclined at an angle of 15 ° with the axial direction.
Un pneumatique de dimension 45/65 R 45 a été réalisé et est représenté monté sur une jante 2 selon une vue partielle en coupe à la figure 1. Sur cette figure 1, la jante de montage 2 comprend une partie formant siège 21 prolongée axialement et radialement vers l'extérieur par un rebord 22 perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation, ce rebord 22 se terminant par une partie formant crochet 23 dont le profil est sensiblement circulaire de centre J. Également sur cette figure 1, on distingue un flanc 8 prolongé par un bourrelet 1 du pneumatique selon l'invention monté sur une jante de montage 2 et gonflé à sa pression d'utilisation. Le pneumatique comporte une armature de carcasse 3 renforcée par des câbles métalliques formés de 68 fils de 0.26 mm frettés, cette armature de carcasse 3 étant retournée dans chaque bourrelet autour d'une armature de renforcement circonférentielle 4 de bourrelet ; dans le cas présent, l'armature de renforcement circonférentielle de bourrelet 4 est une tringle métallique 4 pourvue sur son pourtour d'une épaisseur de mélange de gomme 5 destiné à éviter le contact direct des renforts de l'armature de carcasse 3 avec ladite tringle 4. L'armature de carcasse 3 est retournée autour de la tringle 4 pour former un retournement 6 dont l'extrémité 7 est prévue pour être située dans le flanc, c'est- à-dire radialement au delà du point M du crochet 23 de la jante 2 radialement le plus à l'extérieur.A tire of dimension 45/65 R 45 has been produced and is shown mounted on a rim 2 in a partial sectional view in FIG. 1. In this FIG. 1, the mounting rim 2 comprises a seat part 21 extended axially and radially outwardly by a flange 22 perpendicular to the axis of rotation, this flange 22 ending in a hook portion 23 whose profile is substantially circular with center J. Also in this FIG. 1, there is a prolonged flank 8 by a bead 1 of the tire according to the invention mounted on a mounting rim 2 and inflated to its operating pressure. The tire comprises a carcass reinforcement 3 reinforced by metallic cables formed from 68 wires of 0.26 mm hooped, this carcass reinforcement 3 being turned over in each bead around a circumferential reinforcement reinforcement 4 of bead; in the present case, the circumferential bead reinforcement 4 is a metal rod 4 provided on its periphery with a thickness of rubber compound 5 intended to avoid direct contact of the reinforcements of the carcass reinforcement 3 with said rod 4. The carcass reinforcement 3 is turned around the rod 4 to form a turn 6 whose end 7 is intended to be located in the sidewall, that is to say radially beyond the point M of the hook 23 of the rim 2 radially outermost.
Par ailleurs, ce bourrelet 1 inclut une armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 comportant deux nappes 91 et 92 formées chacune d'une pluralité de câbles métalliques discontinus et orientés sensiblement dans la direction circonférentielle et enrobés de mélange de gomme. Chacune de ces nappes 91, 92 est placée contre l'armature de carcasse 3, c'est-à-dire contre la partie non retournée autour de la tringle 4, l'une de ces nappes étant placée axialement à l'intérieur de l'armature de carcasse et l'autre axialement à l'extérieur de cette même armature. Ces deux nappes 91, 92 ont, vue en coupe méridienne sur la figure 1, chacune une extrémité basse 91 i et 92i respectivement et une extrémité haute 91e et 92e respectivement : les extrémités basses 91 i et 92 i étant préférentiellement situées radialement au dessous d'une droite D parallèle à l'axe de rotation passant par le point M du crochet déjante 23 radialement le plus à l'extérieur et les extrémités hautes 91e et 92e étant préférentiellement étagées pour éviter toute singularité de déformation et de contrainte.Furthermore, this bead 1 includes an additional reinforcing reinforcement 9 comprising two plies 91 and 92 each formed from a plurality of discontinuous metal cables and oriented substantially in the circumferential direction and coated with a mixture of rubber. Each of these plies 91, 92 is placed against the carcass reinforcement 3, that is to say against the non-turned part around the rod 4, one of these plies being placed axially inside the carcass reinforcement and the other axially outside this same reinforcement. These two layers 91, 92 have, seen in meridian section in FIG. 1, each one end low 91 i and 92i respectively and a high end 91e and 92e respectively: the low ends 91 i and 92 i being preferably located radially below a straight line D parallel to the axis of rotation passing through the point M of the jaw hook 23 radially outermost and the upper ends 91e and 92e are preferably stepped to avoid any singularity of deformation and stress.
Chacune des nappes 91, 92 de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 est composée d'une pluralité de tronçons de câbles métalliques en câbles bi-modules de 24 fils de 0.26 mm de diamètre ayant un premier module d'élasticité aux faibles allongement de 25 GPa et un second module d'élasticité aux plus grands allongements de 78 Gpa (le point de transition sur la courbe force allongement se situant à environ 0.5% de déformation). Ces câbles discontinus sont tous sensiblement de même longueur L0 égale dans le cas présent à 676 mm, soit 67.9% de la longueur circonférentielle de la tringle 4 (prise aux points de la tringle les plus à l'intérieur radialement). Le mélange de caoutchouc des nappes 91, 92 est un mélange de caoutchouc de module préférentiellement au plus égal à 1.2 daN/mm2. Préférentiellement et comme montré à la figure 1, la nappe 92 de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 axialement la plus à l'intérieur du pneumatique est celle qui s'étend le plus haut dans le flanc 8. Les extrémités hautes 91e et 92e des nappes de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 de bourrelet sont avantageusement situées dans un secteur angulaire d'angle α, ce secteur angulaire étant compris entre une droite Jl passant par le point J et parallèle à la direction axiale du pneumatique et une droite J2 passant par le même point J, l'angle α, dudit secteur étant tel qu'il est ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur d'au plus 90°(dans le cas présent 65°).Each of the plies 91, 92 of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement 9 is composed of a plurality of sections of metal cables in bi-module cables of 24 wires of 0.26 mm in diameter having a first modulus of elasticity at low elongation of 25 GPa and a second modulus of elasticity at the greatest elongations of 78 Gpa (the transition point on the elongation force curve being located at around 0.5% of deformation). These discontinuous cables are all substantially the same length L0 equal in this case to 676 mm, or 67.9% of the circumferential length of the rod 4 (taken at the points of the rod most inwardly radially). The rubber mixture of the plies 91, 92 is a rubber mixture of modulus preferably at most equal to 1.2 daN / mm 2 . Preferably and as shown in FIG. 1, the ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement 9 axially innermost of the tire is that which extends highest in the sidewall 8. The high ends 91e and 92e of the plies of the additional reinforcement reinforcement 9 of bead are advantageously located in an angular sector of angle α, this angular sector being between a straight line Jl passing through point J and parallel to the axial direction of the tire and a straight line J2 passing by the same point J, the angle α, of said sector being such that it is open axially inwards and radially outwards by no more than 90 ° (in this case 65 °).
La figure 2 montre l'arrangement des renforts d'une même nappe de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 de la structure montrée à la figure 1 sur trois cercles voisins C, Cl et C2, chaque cercle étant centré sur l'axe de rotation de l'ensemble monté (pneumatique et jante). Tous les renforts ont sensiblement une même longueur égale dans le cas présent à 676 mm.FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the reinforcements of the same ply of the complementary reinforcing reinforcement 9 of the structure shown in FIG. 1 on three neighboring circles C, Cl and C2, each circle being centered on the axis of rotation of the assembled assembly (pneumatic and rim). All the reinforcements have substantially the same length, in this case equal to 676 mm.
Les renforts discontinus peuvent également être des renforts textiles. .The discontinuous reinforcements can also be textile reinforcements. .
Le pas entre cercles voisins C, Cl et C2, sur lesquels sont disposés les renforts discontinus, est égal au diamètre des renforts augmenté d'au moins 0.5 mm.The pitch between neighboring circles C, Cl and C2, on which the discontinuous reinforcements are arranged, is equal to the diameter of the reinforcements increased by at least 0.5 mm.
Sur la figure 2, on a représenté partiellement la nappe 92, l'axe de rotation du pneumatique étant perpendiculaire au plan de la figure. On voit qu'un renfort 920 de longueur L0 sur le cercle C de rayon R est couplé selon des longueurs d'arc LU et L12 avec deux renforts 921 du cercle Cl de rayon RI (RI inférieur à R) adjacent au cercle C et ce même renfort 920 de longueur LOsur le cercle C de rayon R est couplé selon des longueurs d'arc L21 et L22 avec deux renforts 922 du cercle C2 de rayon R2 adjacent au cercle Cl. Dans le cas présenté les longueurs de couplage sont :In FIG. 2, the ply 92 is partially shown, the axis of rotation of the tire being perpendicular to the plane of the figure. We see that a reinforcement 920 of length L0 on the circle C of radius R is coupled along arc lengths LU and L12 with two reinforcements 921 of the circle C1 of radius RI (RI less than R) adjacent to the circle C and this same reinforcement 920 of length LOs on the circle C of radius R is coupled according to arc lengths L21 and L22 with two reinforcements 922 of the circle C2 of radius R2 adjacent to the circle Cl. In the case presented the coupling lengths are:
Ll 1 = 446 mm (soit 66% de LO)Ll 1 = 446 mm (i.e. 66% LO)
L12 = 108 mm (soit 16% de L0)L12 = 108 mm (16% of L0)
L21 = 190 mm (soit 28% de L0)L21 = 190 mm (i.e. 28% of L0)
L22 = 351 mm (soit 52% de L0) Ces longueurs de couplage vérifient la relation :L22 = 351 mm (i.e. 52% of L0) These coupling lengths verify the relationship:
1.5 < K ≤ 41.5 <K ≤ 4
En effet, la valeur prise par K est de 2.47 lorsqu'on considère les valeurs de couplage entre un renfort 920 de longueur L0 sur le cercle C et les renforts 921 du cercle Cl de rayon RI (RI inférieur à R) adjacent au cercle C du cercle adjacent. Par ailleurs, les longueurs moyennes d'arc délimités par les extrémités en vis-à-vis de deux renforts consécutifs d'un même cercle C, Cl et C2 sont respectivement de l'ordre de 104, 95 et 86 mm. Les milieux des arcs séparant les extrémités en vis-à-vis de deux renforts 920, 921, 922 consécutifs d'un même cercle C, C l et C2 sont respectivement notés MO, Ml, M2. Pour le pneumatique selon l'invention, la longueur d'arc MOM'l est supérieure à la longueur d'arc D0 entre les extrémités en vis-à-vis de deux renforts consécutifs du même cercle C (le point M'I correspond au point d'intersection avec le cercle C du rayon passant par Ml et prolongé jusqu'au cercle C). De même la longueur d'arc M1M'2 est supérieure à la longueur d'arc Dl séparant les extrémités en vis-à-vis de deux renforts consécutifs du cercle Cl (le point M'2 correspond au point d'intersection avec le cercle Cl du rayon passant par M2 et prolongé jusqu'au cercle Cl).Indeed, the value taken by K is 2.47 when we consider the coupling values between a reinforcement 920 of length L0 on the circle C and the reinforcements 921 of the circle C1 of radius RI (RI less than R) adjacent to the circle C of the adjacent circle. Furthermore, the average lengths of arc defined by the ends facing two consecutive reinforcements of the same circle C, Cl and C2 are respectively of the order of 104, 95 and 86 mm. The midpoints of the arcs separating the ends opposite two reinforcements 920, 921, 922 consecutive with the same circle C, C l and C2 are respectively denoted MO, Ml, M2. For the tire according to the invention, the arc length MOM'l is greater than the arc length D0 between the ends facing two consecutive reinforcements of the same circle C (the point M'I corresponds to the point of intersection with circle C of the radius passing through Ml and extended to circle C). Similarly, the arc length M1M'2 is greater than the arc length Dl separating the ends opposite two consecutive reinforcements from the circle Cl (the point M'2 corresponds to the point of intersection with the circle Cl of the radius passing through M2 and extended to the circle Cl).
Sur les figures 3, 4 et 5 sont montrées trois variantes de structure de bourrelet incorporant une armature complémentaire de renforcement 9, ladite armature comprenant deux nappes de renforts discontinus ; par commodité, les références employées pour ces figures sont identiques à celles des figures 1 et 2 pour autant qu'elles désignent des composants identiques. Pour ces trois variantes montées sur une jante 2, les bourrelets 1 comprennent une tringle 4 autour de laquelle est retournée une armature de carcasse 3 en allant axialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur ; radialement à l'extérieur de la tringle 4 est disposé un profilé 10 en mélange de caoutchouc de section sensiblement triangulaire dont la pointe 101 la plus éloignée de la tringle 4 est située axialement plus près de l'armature de carcasse 3 que de son retournement 6. Un autre mélange de remplissage 10' est par ailleurs prévu entre ce profilé 10 et ledit retournement 6.In FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are shown three variants of bead structure incorporating a complementary reinforcement frame 9, said frame comprising two sheets of discontinuous reinforcements; for convenience, the references used for these figures are identical to those of Figures 1 and 2 insofar as they designate identical components. For these three variants mounted on a rim 2, the beads 1 comprise a bead wire 4 around which a carcass reinforcement 3 is turned, going axially from the inside towards the outside; radially outside of the rod 4 is disposed a profile 10 made of a rubber mixture of substantially triangular section, the point 101 furthest from the rod 4 is located axially closer to the carcass reinforcement 3 than to its upturn 6 Another filling mixture 10 ′ is also provided between this profile 10 and said reversal 6.
Sur la figure 3, les deux nappes 91 et 92 de l'armature complémentaire 9 sont placées l'une contre l'autre et axialement à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse 3 entre le profilé de mélange et ladite armature de carcasse. Dans cette variante, chaque nappe 91, 92 est composée de deux renforts différents, à savoir des câbles discontinus mono module métalliques et des câbles discontinus bi module tels qu'employés dans la variante de la figure 1. Afin d'éviter tout problème de tenue en fatigue de ces câbles, les câbles mono module ne sont présents que dans un premier secteur d'angle αl égal à 45° avec la direction axiale et les câbles bi modules complètent ladite nappe dans un secteur d'angle α2 au plus égal à 30° et prolongeant ledit premier secteur. Sur la figure 4, une première nappe 91 de l'armature complémentaire 9 est placée axialement à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse 3 contre cette dernière et une seconde nappe 92 de l'armature complémentaire 9 est placée axialement à l'extérieur du retournement 6 contre celui- ci.In FIG. 3, the two plies 91 and 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 are placed one against the other and axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3 between the mixing profile and said carcass reinforcement. In this variant, each ply 91, 92 is composed of two different reinforcements, namely discontinuous single-module metal cables and discontinuous dual-module cables as used in the variant of FIG. 1. In order to avoid any problem of behavior in fatigue of these cables, the single module cables are only present in a first sector of angle αl equal to 45 ° with the axial direction and the bi-module cables complete said ply in a sector of angle α2 at most equal to 30 ° and extending said first sector. In FIG. 4, a first ply 91 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3 against the latter and a second ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside of the reversal 6 against it.
Sur la variante montrée avec la figure 5, une première nappe 91 de l'armature complémentaire 9 est placée axialement à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse 3 contre cette dernière et une seconde nappe 92 de l'armature complémentaire 9 est placée axialement à l'intérieur du retournement 6 contre celui-ci.In the variant shown with FIG. 5, a first ply 91 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3 against the latter and a second ply 92 of the complementary reinforcement 9 is placed axially inside the flip 6 against it.
Dans ces trois variantes, les nappes 91 et 92 de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement 9 ont leurs extrémités radialement les plus à l'extérieur situées dans un secteur angulaire d'angle α au plus égal à 75° et leurs extrémités radialement les plus à l'intérieur situées radialement au dessous d'une droite D parallèle à l'axe de rotation et passant par le point de la jante radialement les plus à l'extérieur. La définition du secteur angulaire d'angle α correspond à ce qui a été donné pour la variante de la figure 1.In these three variants, the plies 91 and 92 of the complementary reinforcement reinforcement 9 have their radially outermost ends situated in an angular sector of angle α at most equal to 75 ° and their radially most outermost ends. the interior located radially below a straight line D parallel to the axis of rotation and passing through the point of the radially outermost rim. The definition of the angular sector of angle α corresponds to what has been given for the variant of FIG. 1.
La coupe représentée à la figure 6 montre une variante de bourrelet selon l'invention pour un pneumatique de dimension 10.00 R 20 destiné à équiper un véhicule poids lourd. Par souci de simplification, les références numériques employées pour cette figure 6 correspondent à celles employées pour les autres figures, à la différence près, qu'elles sont suivies du symbole - ' - (par exemple le bourrelet repéré 1 pour les variantes des figures 1 à 5 est repéré dans la variante de la figure 6 par l').The section shown in FIG. 6 shows a variant of the bead according to the invention for a tire of dimension 10.00 R 20 intended to equip a heavy goods vehicle. For the sake of simplicity, the reference numbers used for this figure 6 correspond to those used for the other figures, with the difference that they are followed by the symbol - '- (by example the bead marked 1 for the variants of FIGS. 1 to 5 is identified in the variant of FIG. 6 by the).
Le pneumatique montré à la figure 6 se monte sur une jante 2' dont les sièges 21' sont prolongés par des rebords 22' eux mêmes terminés par des crochets 23' à l'image de la jante employée pour le pneumatique décrit avec les figures précédentes.The tire shown in Figure 6 is mounted on a rim 2 'whose seats 21' are extended by flanges 22 'themselves terminated by hooks 23' like the rim used for the tire described with the previous figures .
Dans cet exemple, il est disposé axialement à l'intérieur de la carcasse 3' une armature de renforcement complémentaire 9' formée d'une seule nappe 91' s'étendant entre une extrémité intérieure 91 i' et une extrémité extérieure 91e'. L'extrémité intérieure 91i' est située sensiblement au niveau de la partie radialement la plus à l'extérieur de la tringle 4' du bourrelet l', tandis que l'extrémité extérieure 91e' est située à la limite radialement externe d'un secteur angulaire d'angle α' égal à 64°. Ce secteur angulaire a pour sommet le point J', centre géométrique du cercle formant le crochet 23' de la jante 2', et pour côtés, d'une part, une droite passant par ce point J' et parallèle à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique et d'autre part, une droite passant par ce point J' et par l'extrémité extérieure 91e'. La nappe de renforcement 91' est formée d'une pluralité de câbles métalliques de longueur égale à 251.2 mm disposés sur des cercles concentriques à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique.In this example, it is arranged axially inside the carcass 3 'a complementary reinforcing frame 9' formed of a single ply 91 'extending between an inner end 91 i' and an outer end 91e '. The inner end 91i 'is located substantially at the level of the radially outermost part of the rod 4' of the bead l ', while the outer end 91e' is located at the radially outer limit of a sector angular with angle α 'equal to 64 °. This angular sector has for its apex the point J ', geometric center of the circle forming the hook 23' of the rim 2 ', and for sides, on the one hand, a straight line passing through this point J' and parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire and on the other hand, a straight line passing through this point J 'and through the outer end 91e'. The reinforcing ply 91 ′ is formed of a plurality of metal cables of length equal to 251.2 mm arranged on circles concentric with the axis of rotation of the tire.
Les câbles employés pour cette nappe sont des câbles mono module de formule 1 1-35 (c'est-à- dire 11 fils élémentaires de 0.35 mm de diamètre).The cables used for this ribbon cable are single module cables of formula 1 1-35 (that is to say 11 elementary wires of 0.35 mm in diameter).
Par ailleurs et selon l'invention, les longueurs de couplage entre les câbles satisfont les valeurs préconisées. En particulier, pour les câbles situés sur des cercles de plus grand diamètre sur le pneumatique, on a les longueurs de couplage suivantes (en gardant les notations employées pour les figures précédentes et en particulier la figure 2) :Furthermore and according to the invention, the coupling lengths between the cables satisfy the recommended values. In particular, for cables located on circles of larger diameter on the tire, we have the following coupling lengths (keeping the notations used for the previous figures and in particular Figure 2):
Ll 1 = 157.4 mm (soit 62.7% de L0)Ll 1 = 157.4 mm (i.e. 62.7% of L0)
L12 = 33.2 mm (soit 13.2% de L0) L21 = 64.6 mm (soit 25.7% de L0)L12 = 33.2 mm (i.e. 13.2% of L0) L21 = 64.6 mm (i.e. 25.7% of L0)
L22 = 126.3 mm (soit 50.3% de L0)L22 = 126.3 mm (i.e. 50.3% of L0)
Dans le cas présent, les couplages entre par exemple un renfort discontinu sur un cercle et les deux renforts sur le cercle adjacent, correspondant aux longueurs de couplage LU et L12, vérifient la relation : 1.5 < K < 4 puisque dans cet exemple K est égal à 2.32 .In the present case, the couplings between for example a discontinuous reinforcement on a circle and the two reinforcements on the adjacent circle, corresponding to the coupling lengths LU and L12, verify the relation: 1.5 <K <4 since in this example K is equal to 2.32.
Afin de limiter les mouvements de rotation cycliques autour de la tringle 4' de bourrelet sous l'effet des variations cycliques de tension dans la carcasse, on emploie, de manière avantageuse, une tringle 4' dont la construction conduit à une rigidité de torsion élevée (c'est-à-dire supérieure à la rigidité d'une tringle dite tressée équivalente pour la même dimension de pneumatique). En outre, le couplage entre la nappe de carcasse 3' et son retournement 6' est réalisé grâce à l'utilisation de deux mélanges de caoutchouc de remplissage 10' et 1 l', le mélange 10' de dureté supérieure à celle du mélange 1 l' étant disposé contre l'enrobage 5' de la tringle 4' et axialement le long de la carcasse 3' et de la nappe complémentaire 91'.In order to limit the cyclic rotational movements around the bead linkage 4 ′ under the effect of cyclic variations in tension in the carcass, a rod 4 ′ is advantageously used, the construction of which results in high torsional rigidity (that is to say greater than the rigidity of a so-called equivalent braided bead for the same dimension of tire). In addition, the coupling between the carcass ply 3 'and its upturn 6' is achieved by the use of two rubber filling mixes 10 'and 11', the mixture 10 'of hardness greater than that of the mixture 1 the being disposed against the coating 5 'of the rod 4' and axially along the carcass 3 'and the complementary ply 91'.
La figure 7 montre une autre variante selon l'invention relative à un pneumatique de dimension 385/65 R 22.5 pour poids lourd et destiné à être monté sur une jante 2" dont chaque siège 21 " est incliné d'un angle d'environ 15° avec la direction axiale et est directement prolongé par un crochet 23 " de forme sensiblement circulaire. Chaque bourrelet 1 " comprend une armature de carcasse 3" enroulée autour d'un renfort circonférentiel formé d'une tringle 4" et d'un enrobage en gomme 5" pour former un retournement.FIG. 7 shows another variant according to the invention relating to a tire of dimension 385/65 R 22.5 for heavy goods vehicles and intended to be mounted on a 2 "rim, each seat 21" of which is inclined at an angle of approximately 15 ° with the axial direction and is directly extended by a hook 23 "of substantially circular shape. Each bead 1" comprises a carcass reinforcement 3 "wound around a circumferential reinforcement formed by a rod 4" and a coating in 5 "eraser to form an inversion.
En outre, ce bourrelet 1" comprend une armature complémentaire 9" comportant une première série de câbles discontinus 91 " et une seconde série de câbles discontinus 92". La première série de câbles discontinus 91 " est placée axialement à l'extérieur de l'armature de carcasse 3" et est formée de câbles métalliques bi module (21 fils de 0.28 mm) répartis sur une pluralité de cercles concentriques à l'axe de rotation. La partie radialement la plus éloignée de l'axe de rotation de cette première série de câbles discontinus 91 " est située dans un secteur angulaire d'angle α" égal à 85°. Les câbles les plus éloignés de l'axe de rotation de la première série de câbles discontinus 91 " de longueur moyenne égale à 274.2 mm satisfont les relations de couplage suivantes :In addition, this bead 1 "comprises a complementary reinforcement 9" comprising a first series of discontinuous cables 91 "and a second series of discontinuous cables 92". The first series of discontinuous cables 91 "is placed axially outside the carcass reinforcement 3" and is formed of bi-module metallic cables (21 wires of 0.28 mm) distributed over a plurality of circles concentric with the axis of rotation. The radially furthest part from the axis of rotation of this first series of discontinuous cables 91 "is located in an angular sector of angle α" equal to 85 °. The cables furthest from the axis of rotation of the first series of 91 "discontinuous cables with an average length of 274.2 mm satisfy the following coupling relationships:
LU = 178.3mm (65.0%)LU = 178.3mm (65.0%)
L12 = 51.1mm (18.6%)L12 = 51.1mm (18.6%)
L21 = 83.1mm (30.3%) L22 = 146.4mm (53.4%) La seconde série de câbles discontinus 92" est placée axialement à l'intérieur de l'armature de carcasse 3" et est formée de câbles métalliques mono module (1 1 fils de 0.35 mm) répartis sur une pluralité de cercles concentriques à l'axe de rotation. La partie radialement la plus éloignée de l'axe de rotation de cette seconde série de câbles discontinus 92" est située dans un secteur angulaire d'angle ai" égal à 74°.L21 = 83.1mm (30.3%) L22 = 146.4mm (53.4%) The second series of discontinuous cables 92 "is placed axially inside the carcass reinforcement 3" and is formed of single-module metal cables (1 1 wires of 0.35 mm) distributed over a plurality of circles concentric with the axis of rotation. The radially furthest part from the axis of rotation of this second series of discontinuous cables 92 "is located in an angular sector of angle ai" equal to 74 °.
Les câbles les plus éloignés de l'axe de rotation de la seconde série de câbles discontinus 92" de longueur moyenne égale à 270.4 mm satisfont les relations de couplage suivantes :The cables furthest from the axis of rotation of the second series of 92 "discontinuous cables with an average length of 270.4 mm satisfy the following coupling relationships:
LU = 170.5mm (63.1%)LU = 170.5mm (63.1%)
L12 = 38.3mm (14.2%) L21 = 71.7mm (26.5%)L12 = 38.3mm (14.2%) L21 = 71.7mm (26.5%)
L22 = 137.5mm (50.8%) Pour les deux séries de câbles, la valeur de K est égale à 2.3.L22 = 137.5mm (50.8%) For the two series of cables, the value of K is equal to 2.3.
Dans la variante présentée, l'extrémité inférieure de la première série de câbles discontinus 91" (correspondant au cercle de pose de plus petit rayon) est située sensiblement au voisinage de la tringle 4", tandis que l'extrémité inférieure de la seconde série de câbles discontinus 92" est située radialement au dessus de l'enrobage 5" de la tringle 4".In the variant presented, the lower end of the first series of discontinuous cables 91 "(corresponding to the laying circle of smaller radius) is located substantially in the vicinity of the rod 4", while the lower end of the second series of discontinuous cables 92 "is located radially above the covering 5" of the rod 4 ".
L'exemple présenté avec la figure 7 n'est qu'une variante parmi d'autres que la personne du métier est à même de choisir ; en particulier, la position relative de chacune des séries de câbles discontinus peut être inversée (les câbles discontinus mono module étant placés axialement à l'intérieur de l'armature de carcasse). The example presented with FIG. 7 is only one variant among others that the person skilled in the art is able to choose; in particular, the relative position of each series of discontinuous cables can be reversed (the single module discontinuous cables being placed axially inside the carcass reinforcement).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS1 - Pneumatique pour véhicules portant de lourdes charges comprenant une zone de sommet prolongée axialement et radialement par des flancs (8), ces derniers étant eux-mêmes prolongés par des bourrelets (1) destinés à venir en contact avec une jante de montage (2) du pneumatique, cette jante comportant une partie formant siège de jante (21) comportant radialement à l'extérieur un crochet (23) de jante de profil sensiblement circulaire, les flancs (8) du pneumatique étant renforcés par une armature de carcasse radiale (3), cette armature de carcasse radiale (3) se prolongeant dans les bourrelets (1) du pneumatique pour être ancrée sur une armature de renforcement circonférentiel (4) de bourrelet, ce pneumatique comprenant en outre, dans au moins un bourrelet une armature supplémentaire de renforcement (9) composée d'une pluralité de renforts (920, 921, 922) discontinus de longueur L0, ces renforts discontinus étant orientés sensiblement circonférentiellement selon une pluralité de cercles C, Cl, C2 concentriques à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique monté sur sa jante, chaque cercle étant défini par un rayon moyen (R, RI, R2) mesuré par rapport audit axe de rotation, chaque renfort discontinu de longueur L0 situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage LU et L12 respectivement avec deux renforts discontinus situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI inférieur au rayon R, ledit cercle étant immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, ce pneumatique étant caractérisé en ce que les longueurs de couplage LU et L12, Ll 1 étant prise supérieure ou égale à L12, vérifient la relation suivante : CLAIMS 1 - Tire for vehicles carrying heavy loads comprising a crown zone extended axially and radially by sidewalls (8), the latter themselves being extended by beads (1) intended to come into contact with a mounting rim (2 ) of the tire, this rim comprising a part forming a rim seat (21) comprising radially on the outside a rim hook (23) of substantially circular profile, the sidewalls (8) of the tire being reinforced by a radial carcass reinforcement ( 3), this radial carcass reinforcement (3) extending into the beads (1) of the tire to be anchored on a circumferential reinforcement reinforcement (4) of the bead, this tire further comprising, in at least one bead, an additional reinforcement reinforcement (9) composed of a plurality of discontinuous reinforcements (920, 921, 922) of length L0, these discontinuous reinforcements being oriented substantially circumferential according to a plurality of circles C, Cl, C2 concentric with the axis of rotation of the tire mounted on its rim, each circle being defined by an average radius (R, RI, R2) measured with respect to said axis of rotation, each reinforcement discontinuous of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths LU and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements situated on a circle C1 of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to circle C, this tire being characterized in that the coupling lengths LU and L12, Ll 1 being taken greater than or equal to L12, verify the following relationship:
1.5 < K < 41.5 <K <4
2 - Pneumatique selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que : 2 - A tire according to claim 1 characterized in that:
(a) chaque renfort (920) discontinu de longueur L0 situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage LU et L12 avec deux renforts discontinus (921) situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI, cercle immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, la longueur de couplage Ll 1 étant comprise entre 55 à 75% de LO et la longueur de couplage L12 étant comprise entre 10 à 30% de L0 ;(a) each discontinuous reinforcement (920) of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths LU and L12 with two discontinuous reinforcements (921) located on a circle C1 of radius RI, circle immediately adjacent in circle C, the coupling length L1 1 being between 55 to 75% of LO and the coupling length L12 being between 10 to 30% of L0;
(b) chaque renfort (920) discontinu du même cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage L21 et L22 avec deux renforts discontinus (922) situés sur un cercle C2 de rayon R2 immédiatement adjacent au cercle Cl, la longueur de couplage L21 étant comprise entre 20 à 40% de L0 et la longueur de couplage L22 étant comprise entre 45 à 65% de L0.(b) each discontinuous reinforcement (920) of the same circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L21 and L22 with two discontinuous reinforcements (922) located on a circle C2 of radius R2 immediately adjacent to circle Cl, the length of coupling L21 being between 20 to 40% of L0 and the length of coupling L22 being between 45 to 65% of L0.
3 - Pneumatique selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que les renforts discontinus (920, 921, 922) ont une longueur moyenne comprise entre 1/3 et 1/12 de la longueur circonférentielle de la tringle (4) prise aux points de ladite tringle radialement les plus à l'intérieur.3 - A tire according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that the discontinuous reinforcements (920, 921, 922) have an average length between 1/3 and 1/12 of the circumferential length of the bead wire (4) taken at radially innermost points of said rod.
4 - Pneumatique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que l'armature complémentaire de renforcement (9) comprend au moins deux nappes (91, 92), l'une desdites nappes étant placée axialement à l'intérieur de la carcasse (3) et contre ladite carcasse.4 - A tire according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the complementary reinforcement armature (9) comprises at least two plies (91, 92), one of said plies being placed axially inside the carcass (3) and against said carcass.
5 - Pneumatique selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une autre nappe de l'armature complémentaire de renforcement (9) est située axialement à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du retournement (6) de la carcasse et contre celui-ci.5 - A tire according to claim 4 characterized in that at least one other ply of the complementary reinforcement armature (9) is located axially inside or outside the upturn (6) of the carcass and against that -this.
6 - Pneumatique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les extrémités (91e, 92e) radialement à l'extérieur de l'armature supplémentaire de renforcement (9) sont situées radialement au dessous d'une droite J2 passant par le centre J du profil du crochet (23) de jante et faisant un angle α ouvert axialement vers l'intérieur et radialement vers l'extérieur au plus égal à 90°.6 - A tire according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the ends (91e, 92e) radially outside the additional reinforcement armature (9) are located radially below a straight line J2 passing through the center J of the profile of the rim hook (23) and forming an angle α open axially inwards and radially outwards at most equal to 90 °.
7 - Pneumatique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une armature complémentaire de renforcement (9) comprend des renforts discontinus bi-module, c'est-à-dire dont la courbe force allongement présente deux pentes distinctes, la pente à l'origine et aux petits allongements étant inférieure à la pente aux grands allongements.7 - A tire according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that at least one complementary reinforcing reinforcement (9) comprises discontinuous bi-module reinforcements, that is to say of which the elongation force curve has two slopes distinct, the slope at the origin and at the small elongations being less than the slope with the large elongations.
8 - Pneumatique selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que les renforts discontinus bi- module s'étendent au plus dans un secteur angulaire d'angle au plus égal à 90° et en ce que l'armature complémentaire de renforcement (9) comprend en outre des renforts discontinus mono-module s'étendant au plus dans un secteur angulaire d'angle au plus égal à 75°, lesdits secteurs ayant leur sommet au centre du profil externe du crochet de jante, ces angles étant mesurés entre une droite parallèle à l'axe de rotation et passant par ledit centre lorsque le pneumatique est monté sur sa jante, et une droite passant par le même point.8 - A tire according to claim 7 characterized in that the discontinuous bi-module reinforcements extend at most in an angular sector of angle at most equal to 90 ° and in that the complementary reinforcement armature (9) comprises in addition to discontinuous single-module reinforcements extending at most in an angular sector of angle at most equal to 75 °, said sectors having their apex at the center of the external profile of the rim hook, these angles being measured between a straight line parallel to the axis of rotation and passing through said center when the tire is mounted on its rim, and a straight line passing through the same point .
9 - Pneumatique selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il est destiné à être monté sur une jante dont les sièges sont prolongés par des rebords eux mêmes terminés par des crochets et en ce que les renforts discontinus bi-module s'étendent au plus dans un secteur angulaire d'angle au plus égal à 80° et en ce que les renforts discontinus mono-module s'étendent au plus dans un secteur angulaire d'angle au plus égal à 45°.9 - A tire according to claim 8 characterized in that it is intended to be mounted on a rim whose seats are extended by flanges themselves terminated by hooks and in that the discontinuous bi-module reinforcements extend at most in an angular sector with an angle at most equal to 80 ° and in that the discontinuous single-module reinforcements extend at most in an angular sector with an angle at most equal to 45 °.
10 - Pneumatique pour véhicules portant de lourdes charges comprenant une zone de sommet prolongée axialement et radialement par des flancs (8), ces derniers étant eux-mêmes prolongés par des bourrelets (1) destinés à venir en contact avec une jante de montage (2) du pneumatique, cette jante comportant une partie formant siège de jante (21) comportant radialement à l'extérieur un crochet (23) de jante de profil sensiblement circulaire, les flancs (8) du pneumatique étant renforcés par une armature de carcasse radiale (3), cette armature de carcasse radiale (3) se prolongeant dans les bourrelets (1) du pneumatique pour être ancrée sur une armature de renforcement circonférentiel (4) de bourrelet, ce pneumatique comprenant en outre, dans au moins un bourrelet une armature supplémentaire de renforcement (9) composée d'une pluralité de renforts (920, 921, 922) discontinus de longueur L0, ces renforts discontinus étant orientés sensiblement circonférentiellement selon une pluralité de cercles C, Cl, C2 concentriques à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique monté sur sa jante, chaque cercle étant défini par un rayon moyen (R, RI, R2) mesuré par rapport audit axe de rotation, chaque renfort discontinu de longueur L0 situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage Ll 1 et L12 respectivement avec deux renforts discontinus situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI inférieur au rayon R, ledit cercle étant immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, ce pneumatique étant caractérisé en ce que : chaque renfort (920) discontinu de longueur L0 situé sur un cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage LU et L12 avec deux renforts discontinus (921) situés sur un cercle Cl de rayon RI, cercle immédiatement adjacent au cercle C, la longueur de couplage LU étant comprise entre 55 à 75% de L0 et la longueur de couplage L12 étant comprise entre 10 à 30% de L0 ; chaque renfort (920) discontinu du même cercle C de rayon R est couplé mécaniquement sur des longueurs de couplage L21 et L22 avec deux renforts discontinus (922) situés sur un cercle C2 de rayon R2 immédiatement adjacent au cercle Cl, la longueur de couplage L21 étant comprise entre 20 à 40% de L0 et la longueur de couplage L22 étant comprise entre 45 à 65% de L0. 10 - Tire for vehicles carrying heavy loads comprising a crown zone extended axially and radially by sidewalls (8), the latter being themselves extended by beads (1) intended to come into contact with a mounting rim (2 ) of the tire, this rim comprising a part forming a rim seat (21) comprising radially on the outside a rim hook (23) of substantially circular profile, the sidewalls (8) of the tire being reinforced by a radial carcass reinforcement ( 3), this radial carcass reinforcement (3) extending into the beads (1) of the tire to be anchored on a circumferential reinforcement reinforcement (4) of the bead, this tire further comprising, in at least one bead, an additional reinforcement reinforcement (9) composed of a plurality of discontinuous reinforcements (920, 921, 922) of length L0, these discontinuous reinforcements being oriented substantially circumferentially according to u ne plurality of circles C, Cl, C2 concentric with the axis of rotation of the tire mounted on its rim, each circle being defined by an average radius (R, RI, R2) measured relative to said axis of rotation, each discontinuous reinforcement of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L1 and L12 respectively with two discontinuous reinforcements situated on a circle C1 of radius RI less than the radius R, said circle being immediately adjacent to circle C, this tire characterized in that: each discontinuous reinforcement (920) of length L0 situated on a circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths LU and L12 with two discontinuous reinforcements (921) located on a circle C1 of radius RI , circle immediately adjacent to circle C, the coupling length LU being between 55 to 75% of L0 and the coupling length L12 being between 10 to 30% of L0; each discontinuous reinforcement (920) of the same circle C of radius R is mechanically coupled over coupling lengths L21 and L22 with two reinforcements discontinuous (922) located on a circle C2 of radius R2 immediately adjacent to the circle Cl, the coupling length L21 being between 20 to 40% of L0 and the coupling length L22 being between 45 to 65% of L0.
EP03735592A 2002-06-10 2003-06-10 Tyre bead reinforcement comprising discontinuous reinforcing elements Expired - Lifetime EP1523419B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0207077 2002-06-10
FR0207077A FR2840562B1 (en) 2002-06-10 2002-06-10 TIRE BUCKLE FRAME INCLUDING DISCONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENTS
PCT/EP2003/006053 WO2003103990A1 (en) 2002-06-10 2003-06-10 Tyre bead reinforcement comprising discontinuous reinforcing elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1523419A1 true EP1523419A1 (en) 2005-04-20
EP1523419B1 EP1523419B1 (en) 2010-11-03

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EP (1) EP1523419B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4585849B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100983988B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1319766C (en)
AT (1) ATE486735T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003236730B2 (en)
BR (1) BR0311676B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2488008C (en)
DE (1) DE60334799D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2840562B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2299816C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003103990A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200409623B (en)

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AU2003236730A1 (en) 2003-12-22
RU2299816C2 (en) 2007-05-27
KR20050014004A (en) 2005-02-05
CN1659047A (en) 2005-08-24
AU2003236730B2 (en) 2008-11-20
CA2488008A1 (en) 2003-12-18
BR0311676B1 (en) 2012-07-10
CN1319766C (en) 2007-06-06
CA2488008C (en) 2011-05-24
FR2840562B1 (en) 2004-07-23
DE60334799D1 (en) 2010-12-16
JP4585849B2 (en) 2010-11-24
ATE486735T1 (en) 2010-11-15
ZA200409623B (en) 2006-05-31
RU2004138593A (en) 2005-06-10
KR100983988B1 (en) 2010-09-30
US20050087281A1 (en) 2005-04-28
WO2003103990A1 (en) 2003-12-18
FR2840562A1 (en) 2003-12-12
BR0311676A (en) 2008-01-08
EP1523419B1 (en) 2010-11-03
JP2005529018A (en) 2005-09-29
US6935394B2 (en) 2005-08-30

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