EP1520933B1 - Baukonstruktion - Google Patents

Baukonstruktion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1520933B1
EP1520933B1 EP04300644A EP04300644A EP1520933B1 EP 1520933 B1 EP1520933 B1 EP 1520933B1 EP 04300644 A EP04300644 A EP 04300644A EP 04300644 A EP04300644 A EP 04300644A EP 1520933 B1 EP1520933 B1 EP 1520933B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
impacts
deformed
moveable masses
structure according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP04300644A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1520933A1 (de
Inventor
Francis Derache
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
France Maccaferri
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France Maccaferri
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by France Maccaferri filed Critical France Maccaferri
Publication of EP1520933A1 publication Critical patent/EP1520933A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1520933B1 publication Critical patent/EP1520933B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0208—Gabions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0001—Rubbers
    • E02D2300/0003—Car tires
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
    • E02D2300/0054—Including fibers made from plastic
    • E02D2300/006—Including fibers made from plastic being recycled
    • E02D2300/0062—Shredded car tires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a civil engineering structure providing protection against impacts of moving masses, projectiles, especially stones.
  • a main problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a civil engineering work that can easily be repaired.
  • a second problem is that of designing a structure with mechanical properties such that it does not require oversizing to perform its protective functions.
  • a third problem is that of improving the aesthetic and ecological aspect of the works while maintaining their functional aspect.
  • a fourth problem is to develop an individual element of construction capable of limiting the damage of the entire civil engineering works with which it is associated.
  • a fifth problem is to achieve an element that can be prefabricated outside hazardous areas, that is to say subject to falling rocks.
  • a sixth problem is that of implementing a method for reinforcing a pre-existing protective structure.
  • the invention therefore relates to a civil engineering structure, intended to provide protection against moving mass impacts and having a face exposed to moving mass impacts as defined in claim 1.
  • the structure is characterized in that it comprises, at the level of the face exposed to the impacts of moving masses, a set of individual construction elements joined to each other, completely or partially filled with at least one material having a capacity to be deformed elastoplastically, the individual elements of construction susceptible to be degraded by impacts of moving masses being able to be individually replaced by similar individual elements of construction.
  • elastoplastic deformation of a material is meant a deformation of the material associated with its ability to recover its initial shape, up to a threshold beyond which the deformation will be final.
  • the structure may comprise gabions filled with pebbles or fine materials insulated by a geotextile and a set of individual building elements arranged on the face exposed to the moving mass impacts of the structure. .
  • the structure may comprise an embankment reinforced with geotextile plies, or geosynthetic plies, or double twisted grid plies, or welded mesh or reinforcing steel bars and a set of elements. individual construction arranged on the face exposed to the impacts of moving masses of the structure, and which are connected or not to the reinforcements.
  • the material having an ability to be deformed may be selected, alone or in a mixture, from the group which may comprise shredded tire pieces, tire cut pellets, pieces of polystyrene, earth materials, sands, gravel, pebbles, recycled crushed concrete, etc.
  • the individual building elements have a first volume of a first material having a capacity to be deformed elastoplastically and a second volume of a second movable material.
  • the second movable material is intended for example to aesthetically dress the outer face and also to absorb some of the energy.
  • the separation between the two volumes is oriented in a plane substantially perpendicular to the mean direction of arrival of the moving masses, to optimize the energy absorption. during impacts.
  • soft materials we mean materials that are deformed and that take a given configuration by splitting or rearranging.
  • Each individual building element which forms a container defined by an outer envelope, has a first volume of a first material having a capacity to be deformed elastoplastically and a second volume of a second movable material, the separation between the two volumes being oriented in a plane substantially perpendicular to the mean direction of arrival of the moving masses.
  • the individual building and protection element is in two parts or two volumes, each having distinct mechanical properties.
  • the first volume exhibits impact properties of elastoplasticity and the second volume exhibits absorption properties of part of the impact energy.
  • the moving masses arrive on the structure with a preferential direction of arrival and impact. The mean statistical direction of arrival of these moving masses is taken into account, while knowing that rebounds and random trajectories of moving masses can occur. In many cases, the separation plan between the two volumes is substantially vertical.
  • the first material having an ability to be deformed may be chosen, alone or in a mixture, in the group that may comprise pieces of shredded tires, cut pellets of tires, pieces of polystyrene, earth materials, sands, gravel, pebbles, crushed recycled concrete, etc.
  • the second material, furniture may be chosen, alone or in a mixture, in the group may include topsoil, sands, gravel, pebbles, blocks of rock, crushed concrete, etc.
  • the outer casing may be constituted by a cage of a metal gabion, the cage may be, if necessary, covered internally with a geotextile material.
  • the separation between the volume of the material having an ability to be deformed and the volume of loose material can be achieved by a wall of a geotextile material, or mesh, or wire mesh, etc.
  • the individual building element may also comprise a multiplicity of volumes, successively a volume of a loose material and a volume of one first material having an ability to be deformed elastoplastically.
  • the separation between the volumes can be respectively oriented in a plane substantially perpendicular to the mean direction of arrival of the moving masses.
  • the civil engineering structure intended to provide protection against moving mass impacts, and having a face exposed to the impacts of moving masses, is characterized in that it comprises at least two elements as described above.
  • any impact against the face will affect one or more individual elements of construction, without compromising the structural integrity of the structure.
  • an individual building element (1) may be in the form of a substantially parallelepiped gabion.
  • the gabion comprises an outer metal cage (2) made for example, double twist wire mesh or welded mesh.
  • the cage (2) can be closed by a lid (3).
  • Gabions are used to make protective works or to reinforce existing structures.
  • the cage (2) has two distinct volumes (4 and 6).
  • a first volume (6) is located at the front of the cage (2) relative to the closing hinge of the lid (3).
  • a second volume (4) is located at the rear of the cage (2) relative to the closing hinge cover (3).
  • the first volume at the front (6) contains loose materials, for example pebbles, sands, gravels or topsoil.
  • the second volume located at the rear (4) contains materials with elastoplastic properties, such as pellets or pellets based shredded tires.
  • the first volume at the front (6) is oriented on the protective structure on the side of the face exposed to impacts.
  • tire granules obtained by means of the process described in the document FR-2804061 may have dimensions of the order of one centimeter.
  • the shredded tires are maintained using an envelope (7) made, for example, of a geotextile material.
  • a temporary geonatte can also make the separation between loose and elastoplastic materials.
  • the cage (2) also has the same two separate volumes (4 and 6).
  • the front face (5) exposed to impacts has an inclination for example substantially equal to 45 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • Such inclined front face (5) will allow a much easier plant implantation, thus giving the cage (2) and all of the work obtained with this type of cages (2) an aesthetic and ecological aspect much more attractive.
  • the cage (2) has a single volume (8).
  • This single volume (8) contains materials with elastoplastic properties, such as shredded tires, which are preserved by an envelope (7) made for example of a geotextile material.
  • the cage (2) has three distinct volumes (9, 11 and 12).
  • a first volume (9) is located at the front of the cage (2), in this case with respect to the closing hinge of the lid (3).
  • a second volume (11) is located at the rear of the cage (2), in this case with respect to the closing hinge of the lid (3).
  • a third volume (12) is interposed centrally between the first volume at the front (9) and the second volume at the rear (11).
  • the first volume at the front (9) and the second volume at the rear (11) contain loose materials, for example pebbles, sand, gravel or topsoil.
  • the third central volume (12) contains materials with elastoplastic properties, such as shredded tires, which are preserved by an envelope (7) made for example of a geotextile material.
  • the Figure 5 illustrates a protective structure (13) which is formed of a first stack of metal gabions (14) joined together. These gabions (14) are filled with materials such stones, rocks.
  • the structure (13) is oriented so as to have a vertical or inclined face which is more particularly exposed to falls of stones and other landslides.
  • This structure (13) protects a road (17) and / or dwellings located at the base of the other side of the structure (13), on the opposite side to the exposed face.
  • the structure (13) comprises a cladding (16) made from individual removable structural elements.
  • gabions inclined front face (1) according to the second embodiment of the Figure 2 , are used. These gabions (1) are arranged relative to each other and with respect to the traditional gabions of the stack (14), so as to present their second volume of soft material (4) exposed front face and to present their first volume elastoplastic material (6) at the rear and against the gabions of the stack (14).
  • a structure (18) with a stack of gabions (14) comprises a protective covering (19) which is made with gabions according to the first embodiment of the Figure 1 .
  • the structure (18) has a face exposed to falling rocks (21) substantially vertical.
  • the structure (22) includes a massive structure formed of a stack of gabions (14). It further comprises a protective covering (19) which is made with gabions conforming to the second embodiment of the Figure 2 .
  • the structure (22) has an inclined face (16) which is exposed to rock falls (21) and which can be vegetated.
  • the structure (23) includes a stack of gabions (14) and comprises a central protection core (24) which is made with gabions according to the third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 The conventional gabion stack (14), filled with materials usually chosen for a structure according to the state of the art, are located on either side of the stack of protective gabions (24).
  • the structure (2) includes a stack of gabions according to the first embodiment of the Figure 1 and according to the fourth embodiment of the Figure 4 .
  • the structure (26) has a massive structure formed by an embankment (27), for example made of earth, uniformly reinforced over its entire height by reinforcing layers of geotextile (28) or geosynthetic or lattice or wire mesh .
  • the reinforcing ply (28) extends only over a portion of the thickness of the embankment (27).
  • An inclined protection cladding (29), secured or not to the main structure of the structure, is formed by several longitudinal elements in one piece, which are in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the outer portion (30) of the cladding (29) may be pebbles or top soil or a mixture of earth-pebbles and then vegetated.
  • the structure (31) also comprises an embankment (27), for example earth, reinforced evenly over its entire height by reinforcing plies geotextile (28) or geosynthetic or mesh or wire mesh.
  • the reinforcing plies (28) extend in this case over the entire thickness of the embankment (27).
  • An inclined protective face (32) is formed by several longitudinal elements in one piece not forming part of the invention.
  • the outer portion of the facing (32) may be pebbles or top soil or a pebble mixture (33) and then planted.
  • the structure (34) is an embankment (27), for example of earth, reinforced in a regular manner over its entire height by geotextile (28) or geosynthetic reinforcement plies or lattice or wire mesh, which extend only on a part of the thickness of the embankment (27), so as to ensure the stability of the slope.
  • the local stability of one of the faces is provided by means of gabions (14) filled with materials usually chosen for a structure according to the state of the art.
  • a protective covering (37) is made with gabions (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 .
  • the structure (38) consists of a vertical stack of gabions (14), filled with materials usually chosen for a structure according to the state of the art, attached to a backfill (27) reinforced by reinforcement plies made of geotextile (28) or geosynthetic or lattice or wire mesh, extending over the entire thickness of the embankment (27), so as to ensure, on both sides, stability of the slope.
  • a substantially vertical protective cladding (39) is made with gabions according to the first embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 .
  • the structure (40) consists of a vertical stack of gabions (14) attached to an embankment (27) reinforced by layers of geotextile (28) or geosynthetic or lattice or wire mesh, extending over the whole of the thickness of the embankment (27), so as to ensure, on both sides, the stability of the slope.
  • An inclined protective cladding (41) substantially similar to the facings of the fifth and sixth embodiments of structures (see Figures 10 and 11 ), is formed by a plurality of longitudinal integral elements, which are in accordance with the first embodiment of the Figure 1 .
  • the dimensions of the protection gabions can be very variable, depending on the desired protection structure.
  • Other applications may be considered, such as protective works in the military field or canal bank reinforcement works, rivers, rivers and seasides, where the masses mobiles are the objects carried by the watercourse, or even traffic lanes, to protect vehicle impacts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Bauwerk, das dazu bestimmt ist, Schutz gegen einschlagende lose Massen (21) zu bieten, eine den einschlagenden losen Massen (21) exponierte Fläche aufweist und an der den einschlagenden losen Massen exponierten Fläche eine Anordnung aus jeweils einen durch eine Außenhülle (2) begrenzten Behälter bildenden Einzelbauteilen umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes ein erstes Volumen (6) eines ersten elastoplastisch verformbaren Materials und ein zweites Volumen (4) eines lockeren Materials aufweist, wobei das zweite Volumen in dem Bauwerk auf der Seite der den einschlagenden losen Massen (21) exponierten Fläche angeordnet ist, wobei die Trennung zwischen den zwei Volumen (4, 6) gemäß einer weitestgehend senkrecht zur mittleren Aufprallrichtung der losen Massen verlaufenden Ebene angeordnet ist.
  2. Bauwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste elastoplastisch verformbare Material allein oder als Mischung aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die zerkleinerte Reifenstücke, aus Reifen ausgeschnittene Chips, Polystyrolstücke umfasst.
  3. Bauwerk nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite lockere Material allein oder als Mischung aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die Pflanzenerde, Sande, Kies, Schotter, Gesteinsbrocken, zerkleinerten Beton umfasst.
  4. Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenhülle durch einen Korb (2) einer metallischen Gabione gebildet ist, wobei der Korb gegebenenfalls innenseitig mit einem geotextilen Material (7) verkleidet ist.
  5. Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennung zwischen dem ersten Volumen (6) eines ersten verformbaren Materials und dem zweiten Volumen eines zweiten lockeren Materials (4) als eine Wand aus einem geotextilen Material, aus einem Gitterwerk oder aus einem metallischen Drahtgeflecht ausgebildet ist.
  6. Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vielzahl von Volumen umfasst, und zwar aufeinander folgend ein Volumen (9, 11) eines lockeren Materials und ein Volumen (12) eines ersten elastoplastisch verformbaren Materials, wobei die Trennung zwischen den Volumen (9, 11, 12) jeweils gemäß einer Ebene angeordnet ist, die weitestgehend senkrecht zur mittleren Aufprallrichtung der losen Massen (21) verläuft.
  7. Bauwerk (13) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einzelbauteile (100), die durch einschlagende lose Massen (21) beschädigt werden können, geeignet sind, einzeln gegen entsprechende Einzelbauteile (1) ausgetauscht zu werden (E, A).
EP04300644A 2003-10-03 2004-09-30 Baukonstruktion Active EP1520933B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0350644 2003-10-03
FR0350644A FR2860529B1 (fr) 2003-10-03 2003-10-03 Ouvrage de genie civil, element individuel de construction et procede de renforcement d'un tel ouvrage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1520933A1 EP1520933A1 (de) 2005-04-06
EP1520933B1 true EP1520933B1 (de) 2011-11-09

Family

ID=34307565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04300644A Active EP1520933B1 (de) 2003-10-03 2004-09-30 Baukonstruktion

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7425107B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1520933B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE532905T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2481161C (de)
ES (1) ES2372490T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2860529B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1520933E (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2481161C (fr) 2012-03-13
ATE532905T1 (de) 2011-11-15
US20050262794A1 (en) 2005-12-01
EP1520933A1 (de) 2005-04-06
ES2372490T3 (es) 2012-01-20
PT1520933E (pt) 2011-12-15
US7425107B2 (en) 2008-09-16
FR2860529A1 (fr) 2005-04-08
CA2481161A1 (fr) 2005-04-03
FR2860529B1 (fr) 2006-12-15

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