EP1511057B1 - Tubular fuse with end caps and synthetic sealing elements - Google Patents

Tubular fuse with end caps and synthetic sealing elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1511057B1
EP1511057B1 EP04018792A EP04018792A EP1511057B1 EP 1511057 B1 EP1511057 B1 EP 1511057B1 EP 04018792 A EP04018792 A EP 04018792A EP 04018792 A EP04018792 A EP 04018792A EP 1511057 B1 EP1511057 B1 EP 1511057B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
sealing body
end caps
fusible conductor
fuse component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP04018792A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1511057A1 (en
Inventor
Lutger Dipl.Ing Richter
André Dipl.Ing Jöllenbeck
Andreas Dipl.Ing Baus
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Wickmann Werke GmbH
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Wickmann Werke GmbH
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Publication of EP1511057A1 publication Critical patent/EP1511057A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/0411—Miniature fuses
    • H01H85/0415—Miniature fuses cartridge type
    • H01H85/0418—Miniature fuses cartridge type with ferrule type end contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H01H85/157—Ferrule-end contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0013—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse
    • H01H85/0021—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse water or dustproof devices
    • H01H85/003—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse water or dustproof devices casings for the fusible element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuse element with a fusible conductor which extends in a gas-filled interior of a cylindrical tube between two end faces of the tube, wherein two end caps are applied from an electrically conductive material to the two ends of the tube, that in each case an electrical contact to the Melt conductor is made. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a fuse component.
  • the cylindrical tube consists of a ceramic material and has a circular cylindrical interior and a square outer contour with rounded edges.
  • the fusible conductor is, for example, a wire extending diagonally in the interior so as to contact the walls of the tube only at its ends.
  • the wire of the fusible conductor is passed around the end faces of the tube, with the ends of the fusible wire on the outer walls of the tube.
  • metallic end caps are placed on the two ends of the tube.
  • the end caps may, for example, be made of an elastic material and pressed onto the ends of the tube, wherein the pressing not only ensures a tight fit of the end caps, but also for the electrical contact to the fuse element.
  • the metal caps can also be glued to the ends of the tube or soldered to them after appropriate preparation of the surface of the outer wall of the tube.
  • the caps are applied to the ends of the tube so that the interior is hermetically sealed.
  • the inner space may be filled with air or with a special gas (for example, nitrogen) under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
  • an arc generally forms.
  • the pulse-like energy supply due to the arc heats the optionally present in the interior of the gas and the vaporizing materials by melting.
  • the energy supplied via the arc leads to a sudden, sudden increase in the pressure in the interior of the fuse component. This pressure pulse acts on the arc extinguishing and is therefore desirable.
  • a disadvantage of a fuse element with a hermetically sealed interior is that the increase in pressure in the interior is also generated when the fuse component, for example, during the manufacturing process, is heated from the outside. Such heating occurs, for example, when the end caps are briefly brought to a higher temperature for producing a solder joint between the ends of the fusible conductor and the attached metallic end caps. An increase in temperature can also occur during a curing process of an adhesive that is to connect the end caps to the tube.
  • the pressure increase in the interior of the tube associated with such heating leads to an undesirable loading of the fuse component and possibly to a formation of a pressure equalization channel (capillary channel) between the interior of the tube and the environment through the gap between the tube and the end cap.
  • a pressure equalization channel capillary channel
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a fuse element of the type mentioned, the interior of which is hermetically sealed in operation, but in which the problems of the above-mentioned type, which occur during sudden temperature and pressure increases during component production, are avoided.
  • the fuse element according to the invention is a component of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that at least one of the two ends of the tube in a space between the cap bottom of the end cap and the end face of the tube and in an adjacent to the cap bottom part of the interior of the tube a sealing body made of a predominantly elastically compressible but at the same time capable of creeping (in the sense of free-flowing) plastic material is introduced, wherein the sealing body has been compressed when placing the end cap during manufacture of the fuse element between the end face and the cap base. The compressed during insertion of the sealing body is then anxious to expand again, wherein it expands, especially in the interior of the tube inside.
  • the fuse element of the present invention permits relatively simple manufacture since, instead of any liquid sealing material, a substantially solid seal body is used, the shape of which can be previously adapted to the dimensions of the end cap.
  • the elastically compressible but at the same time creepable plastic material is preferably a silicone.
  • This plastic material can withstand the temperatures occurring at subsequent manufacturing steps well.
  • a sealing body made of a slightly foamed, closed-cell silicone is used.
  • Such a sealing body is preferably dimensioned so that it fills the cap base and initially strongly compressed when placing the caps and then penetrates into the interior of the tube. Due to the creep capability of the material, the fusible conductor, which preferably runs diagonally through the interior, is then completely enclosed in the area of the ends.
  • a fusible conductor is first introduced into the interior of a cylindrical tube, wherein it is guided at both ends around the end faces of the tube onto the outer wall of the tube. Subsequently, end caps are placed on the ends of the tube with the fusible conductor ends guided around the end faces. In this case, an electrical contact between the end caps and the fusible conductor ends is produced. Further, between the inner bottom of at least one of the two end caps and the inner bottom facing end side of the tube, a sealing body made of a predominantly elastically compressible and at the same time creepable plastic material is introduced, wherein the sealing body is compressed when placing the end cap.
  • the fuse element is subjected to a temperature treatment at temperatures above 150 ° C to secure an electrical contact and / or for mechanical attachment of the end caps on the tube.
  • a hermetic seal of the interior is formed by creeping (slow flow) of the material of the seal body. In this production process, it is ensured that any channels forming in the temperature treatment step are subsequently closed again by inflowing material.
  • the inventive method allows in a simple way the production of fuse components with hermetic sealing of the interior.
  • the fusible conductor 2 can be both a wire with an arbitrary cross-sectional profile and a fuse wire wound around an insulating core.
  • the tube 4 has a cylindrical shape, which may have any cross-sectional profile.
  • the interior 3 is, for example, circular cylindrical.
  • the tube 4 is made of an electrically insulating material, for example of glass, ceramic or plastic.
  • the fusible conductor 2 is guided diagonally through the interior space 3. In other embodiments, other arrangements of the fusible conductor 2 in the interior 3 are conceivable.
  • the fusible conductor 2 is preferably placed around the end faces 8 of the tube 4, so that the ends of the fusible conductor 2 rest on the outer walls of the tube.
  • end caps 5 are placed from an electrically conductive material.
  • the metallic end caps are placed so that on the one hand an electrical contact between the end caps 5 and the fusible conductor 2 made and on the other hand, a mechanically strong connection between the end caps 5 and the tube 4 is formed.
  • the fusible conductor 2 is connected to the end caps 5, for example via external soldering, that is, a solder joint 6 connects the resting on the outer wall of the tube 4 ends of the fusible conductor 2 with the inner walls of the metallic end caps 5.
  • the mechanical attachment of the end caps 5 additionally secured on the tube 4 by an adhesive connection 9.
  • a sealing body 7 is introduced in the spaces between the bottoms of the end caps 5 and the respective end faces 8 of the tube 4 and in a part of the interior 3 of the tube 4 adjoining the cap base.
  • the sealing body 7 is made of a plastic material which is elastically compressible (ie elastically deformable), but at the same time capable of creeping (in the sense of flowable).
  • the previously introduced sealing body 7 are strongly compressed and then expand, preferably in the interior 3, again from. Due to the fluidity penetrate parts of the expanding seal body 7 in the existing between caps 5 and 4 tubes Columns and enclose the running in the vicinity of the ends of the tube 4 sections of the fusible conductor. 2
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view, wherein the section is guided in the plane designated in Figure 1 with A.
  • Figure 2 shows the state a certain time after the production of the fuse element, which is sufficient for a sufficient flow of the introduced material of the seal body 7.
  • the fusible conductor 2 which is spaced apart from the inner wall of the tube 4 in the cut region, is completely enclosed by the material of the sealing body 7.
  • Such enclosing is not possible with a purely elastic sealing body, but requires a flowable material.
  • the fuse element 2 is first provided in a predetermined length and inserted into the interior 3 of the tube 4 and then bent around the end faces 8 of the tube, so that the ends of the fuse conductor 2 rest on the outer surfaces of the tube 4. Subsequently, a thermally curable adhesive is applied over the entire surface of the end faces 8. The amount of adhesive and the nature of the application are chosen so that it is avoided that thereby or in subsequent process steps larger amounts of the adhesive get into the interior 3 of the tube 4. Subsequently, in each case a small amount of solder paste is applied to the outer surfaces of the tube 4 at the locations where the fusible conductor 2 rests.
  • the solder paste contains a flux.
  • the flux must also not get into the interior 3 of the fuse.
  • the adhesive applied to the end face 8 also serves. This forms a barrier and prevents the solder paste by capillary action along the fusible conductor 2 on the front side 8 continues to flow into the interior 3.
  • the end caps 5 are prepared by placing in the inner cap bottom adapted to the shape of a piece of foam material (a slightly foamed silicone) is inserted.
  • the caps are preferably rectangular so that the piece of foam material placed in the cap bottom is also of substantially rectangular shape.
  • the tube has an inner diameter of about 2.5 mm and outer dimensions of about 4 mm x 4 mm x 9.6 mm.
  • the end caps are about 2.8mm deep and have a cross-section of about 4.4mm x 4.4mm.
  • the inserted in the cap bottom foam seal body has a thickness of about 1.5 - 2.0 mm.
  • the prepared end caps are placed on the ends of the tube with a predetermined force, so that deforms the foam and spread the applied adhesive. Subsequently, the caps (preferably successively) are heated, so that on the one hand the solder paste produces a solder joint between the fuse element 2 and the inner surfaces of the end caps 5 and on the other hand, the adhesive 5 is pre-cured, so that the caps are mechanically fixed.
  • the fuse component is heated to temperatures above 150 ° C, for example, about 300 ° C.
  • the resulting in the interior 3 due to the gas filling pressure can thereby be partially compensated by the fact that forms a thin channel between the interior and the external environment, for example along the fusible conductor or along the wall of the tube 4.
  • the fuse component is again heated to a temperature of, for example, about 150 ° C, so that the adhesive is finally cured.
  • the sealing body 7 could fill only a portion of the cap base, for example, be annular, so that it completely fills the space between the end faces 8 and the cap base, but only to a lesser extent in the interior. 3 penetrates.
  • a sealing body of the type mentioned is introduced only at one of the two ends of the tube; the other end could be hermetically sealed in a conventional manner, for example, by casting with a liquid and then curing plastic.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schmelzsicherungsbauelement mit einem Schmelzleiter, der sich in einem gasgefüllten Innenraum eines zylindrischen Röhrchens zwischen zwei Stirnenseiten des Röhrchens erstreckt, wobei zwei Endkappen aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material derart auf die beiden Enden des Röhrchens aufgebracht sind, daß jeweils ein elektrischer Kontakt zu dem Schmelzleiter hergestellt ist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Schmelzsicherungsbauelements.The invention relates to a fuse element with a fusible conductor which extends in a gas-filled interior of a cylindrical tube between two end faces of the tube, wherein two end caps are applied from an electrically conductive material to the two ends of the tube, that in each case an electrical contact to the Melt conductor is made. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a fuse component.

Röhrenschmelzsicherungsbauelemente der eingangs genannten Art, wie z.B. im Dokument US 4 656 453 offenbart, sind seit langem bekannt. Beispielsweise gibt es Schmelzsicherungsbauelemente, bei denen das zylindrische Röhrchen aus einem keramischen Material besteht und einen kreiszylinderförmigen Innenraum sowie eine quadratische Außenkontur mit abgerundeten Kanten aufweist. Der Schmelzleiter ist beispielsweise ein Draht, der sich in dem Innenraum diagonal derart erstreckt, daß er die Wandungen des Röhrchens lediglich an dessen Enden berührt. Der Draht des Schmelzleiters ist um die Stirnseiten des Röhrchens herumgeführt, wobei die Enden des Schmelzleiterdrahts auf den Außenwandungen des Röhrchens anliegen. Auf die beiden Enden des Röhrchens sind metallische Endkappen aufgesetzt. Die Endkappen können beispielsweise aus einem elastischem Material sein und auf die Enden des Röhrchens aufgepreßt werden, wobei das Aufpressen nicht nur für einen festen Sitz der Endkappen, sondern darüber hinaus auch für den elektrischen Kontakt zu dem Schmelzleiter sorgt. Die Metallkappen können auch auf die Enden des Röhrchens aufgeklebt oder nach entsprechender Vorbereitung der Oberfläche der Außenwandung des Röhrchens auf diese aufgelötet sein. Es sind eine Reihe von Techniken des Aufbringens der Endkappen bekannt, die sowohl für einen festen Sitz der Kappen als auch für einen guten elektrischen Kontakt zum Schmelzleiter sorgen.Röhrenschmelzsicherungsbauelemente of the type mentioned, as disclosed for example in document US 4,656,453, have long been known. For example, there are fuse components in which the cylindrical tube consists of a ceramic material and has a circular cylindrical interior and a square outer contour with rounded edges. The fusible conductor is, for example, a wire extending diagonally in the interior so as to contact the walls of the tube only at its ends. The wire of the fusible conductor is passed around the end faces of the tube, with the ends of the fusible wire on the outer walls of the tube. On the two ends of the tube metallic end caps are placed. The end caps may, for example, be made of an elastic material and pressed onto the ends of the tube, wherein the pressing not only ensures a tight fit of the end caps, but also for the electrical contact to the fuse element. The metal caps can also be glued to the ends of the tube or soldered to them after appropriate preparation of the surface of the outer wall of the tube. There are a number of techniques for applying the end caps known that provide both a tight fit of the caps as well as for a good electrical contact with the fuse element.

Es gibt Schmelzsicherungsbauelemente der eingangs genannten Art, bei denen zwischen den Endkappen und der Wandung des Röhrchens ein Spalt derart verbleibt, daß der Innenraum des Röhrchens über den Spalt mit der Umgebung des Röhrchens verbunden ist. In diesem Fall gibt es einen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Innenraum und der Umgebung. Bei einer Erwärmung und Ausdehnung des Gases im Innenraum strömt dieses aus dem Innenraum aus, so daß ein relativ schneller Druckausgleich erfolgt.There are fuse elements of the type mentioned, in which between the end caps and the wall of the tube, a gap remains such that the interior of the tube is connected via the gap with the environment of the tube. In this case, there is a gas exchange between the interior and the environment. Upon heating and expansion of the gas in the interior, this flows out of the interior, so that a relatively fast pressure equalization takes place.

Daneben gibt es Schmelzsicherungsbauelemente, bei denen die Kappen derart auf die Enden des Röhrchens aufgebracht sind, daß der Innenraum hermetisch abgedichtet ist. Bei diesen Bauelementen kann der Innenraum mit Luft oder mit einem speziellen Gas (beispielsweise Stickstoff) unter Normaldruck oder vermindertem Druck gefüllt sein.In addition, there are fuse components in which the caps are applied to the ends of the tube so that the interior is hermetically sealed. In these components, the inner space may be filled with air or with a special gas (for example, nitrogen) under normal pressure or reduced pressure.

Wenn der Schmelzleiter im Innenraum des Röhrchens durchtrennt wird (durchschmilzt; d.h. die Sicherung abschaltet), bildet sich in der Regel ein Lichtbogen aus. Die impulsartige Energiezufuhr aufgrund des Lichtbogens erwärmt das im Innenraum gegebenenfalls vorhandene Gas und die beim Durchschmelzen verdampfenden Materialien. Bei einem Schmelzsicherungsbauelement mit einem hermetisch dichtem Innenraum und Luft- bzw. Gasfüllung führt die über den Lichtbogen zugeführte Energie zu einem plötzlichen, sprunghaften Anstieg des Drucks im Innenraum des Sicherungsbauelements. Dieser Druckimpuls wirkt auf den Lichtbogen löschend und ist somit erwünscht.As the fusible conductor in the interior of the tube is severed (fused), i.e., the fuse turns off, an arc generally forms. The pulse-like energy supply due to the arc heats the optionally present in the interior of the gas and the vaporizing materials by melting. In a fuse element with a hermetically sealed interior and air or gas filling, the energy supplied via the arc leads to a sudden, sudden increase in the pressure in the interior of the fuse component. This pressure pulse acts on the arc extinguishing and is therefore desirable.

Nachteilig bei einem Schmelzsicherungsbauelement mit hermetisch dichtem Innenraum ist allerdings, daß der Druckanstieg im Innenraum auch dann erzeugt wird, wenn das Sicherungsbauelement, beispielsweise während des Herstellungsverfahrens, von außen erwärmt wird. Eine solche Erwärmung tritt beispielsweise dann auf, wenn zur Herstellung einer Lötverbindung zwischen den Enden des Schmelzleiters und den aufgesetzten metallischen Endkappen die Endkappen kurzzeitig auf eine höhere Temperatur gebracht werden. Eine Temperaturerhöhung kann auch bei einem Aushärtevorgang eines Klebstoffs auftreten, der die Endkappen mit dem Röhrchen verbinden soll. Der mit einer solchen Erwärmung verbundene Druckanstieg im Innenraum des Röhrchens führt zu einer unerwünschten Belastung des Sicherungsbauelements und möglicherweise zu einer Ausbildung eines Druckausgleichskanals (Kapillarkanal) zwischen dem Innenraum des Röhrchens und der Umgebung durch den Spalt zwischen dem Röhrchen und der Endkappe hindurch. Die Ausbildung einer solchen unerwünschten Kapillare neben dem Schmelzleiter wurde beispielsweise bei Sicherungsbauelementen festgestellt, die in ihren Endbereichen mit einem gießfähigen Silikon abgedichtet wurden.A disadvantage of a fuse element with a hermetically sealed interior, however, is that the increase in pressure in the interior is also generated when the fuse component, for example, during the manufacturing process, is heated from the outside. Such heating occurs, for example, when the end caps are briefly brought to a higher temperature for producing a solder joint between the ends of the fusible conductor and the attached metallic end caps. An increase in temperature can also occur during a curing process of an adhesive that is to connect the end caps to the tube. The pressure increase in the interior of the tube associated with such heating leads to an undesirable loading of the fuse component and possibly to a formation of a pressure equalization channel (capillary channel) between the interior of the tube and the environment through the gap between the tube and the end cap. The formation of such an unwanted capillary next to the fusible conductor has been found, for example, in fuse components that have been sealed in their end with a pourable silicone.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Schmelzsicherungsbauelement der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, dessen Innenraum in Betrieb hermetisch abgedichtet ist, bei dem aber die bei plötzlichen Temperatur- und Druckanstiegen während der Bauelementeherstellung auftretenden Probleme der oben genannten Art vermieden werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fuse element of the type mentioned, the interior of which is hermetically sealed in operation, but in which the problems of the above-mentioned type, which occur during sudden temperature and pressure increases during component production, are avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Schmelzsicherungsbauelement mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Außerdem wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schmelzsicherungsbauelements mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 10 gelöst.This object is achieved by a fuse element with the features of claim 1. In addition, the object is achieved by a method for producing a fuse component having the features of patent claim 10.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schmelzsicherungsbauelement ist ein Bauelement der eingangs genannten Art, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß an wenigstens einem der beiden Enden des Röhrchens in einem Zwischenraum zwischen dem Kappenboden der Endkappe und der Stirnseite des Röhrchens und in einem an den Kappenboden angrenzenden Teil des Innenraums des Röhrchens ein Dichtungskörper aus einem überwiegend elastisch kompressiblen aber zugleich kriechfähigen (im Sinne von fließfähigen) Kunststoffmaterial eingebracht ist, wobei der Dichtungskörper beim Aufsetzen der Endkappe während der Herstellung des Schmelzsicherungsbauelements zwischen der Stirnseite und dem Kappenboden zusammengedrückt worden ist. Der bei der Einbringung zusammengedrückte Dichtungskörper ist anschließend bestrebt, wieder zu expandieren, wobei er sich vor allem in den Innenraum des Röhrchens hinein ausdehnt. Findet kurz nach dessen Einbringung während des Herstellungsverfahrens aufgrund eines Herstellungsschrittes, der zu einer Temperaturerhöhung im Innenraum führt, ein plötzlicher Druckanstieg im Innenraum statt, so kann der Fall eintreten, daß sich dieser Überdruck über einen vorübergehend gebildeten Kanal zwischen dem Röhrchen, dem Dichtungskörper und der Endkappe hindurch in die äußere Umgebung ausgleicht. Aufgrund des Umstands, daß das Kunststoffmaterial kriechfähig ist, werden so gebildete Kanäle sowie darüber hinaus sämtliche verbleibenden Spalte zwischen dem Röhrchen, der Endkappe und dem dazwischen eingezogenen Schmelzleiter durch Hineinfließen des Kunststoffmaterials wieder geschlossen. Nach einer bestimmten Zeit des Ausgleichs bzw. der Lagerung bildet sich somit eine hermetische Abdichtung des Innenraums des Röhrchens aus. Das erfindungsgemäße Schmelzsicherungsbauelement gestattet darüber hinaus eine relativ einfache Herstellung, da anstelle irgendeines flüssigen Abdichtungsmaterials ein im wesentlichen fester Dichtungskörper verwendet wird, dessen Form zuvor an die Dimensionen der Endkappe angepaßt werden kann.The fuse element according to the invention is a component of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that at least one of the two ends of the tube in a space between the cap bottom of the end cap and the end face of the tube and in an adjacent to the cap bottom part of the interior of the tube a sealing body made of a predominantly elastically compressible but at the same time capable of creeping (in the sense of free-flowing) plastic material is introduced, wherein the sealing body has been compressed when placing the end cap during manufacture of the fuse element between the end face and the cap base. The compressed during insertion of the sealing body is then anxious to expand again, wherein it expands, especially in the interior of the tube inside. Takes place shortly after its introduction during the manufacturing process due to a manufacturing step leading to an increase in temperature in the interior leads, a sudden increase in pressure in the interior instead, it may be the case that this overpressure compensates for a temporarily formed channel between the tube, the seal body and the end cap into the external environment. Due to the fact that the plastic material is creepable, channels formed as well as any remaining gaps between the tube, the end cap, and the fusible link drawn therebetween are closed again by infiltrating the plastic material. After a certain period of compensation or storage, a hermetic seal of the interior of the tube thus forms. In addition, the fuse element of the present invention permits relatively simple manufacture since, instead of any liquid sealing material, a substantially solid seal body is used, the shape of which can be previously adapted to the dimensions of the end cap.

Das elastisch kompressible aber zugleich kriechfähige Kunststoffmaterial ist vorzugsweise ein Silikon. Dieses Kunststoffmaterial kann den bei nachfolgenden Herstellungsschritten auftretenden Temperaturen gut wiederstehen. Vorteilhafterweise wird ein Dichtungskörper aus einem leicht geschäumten, geschlossenzelligen Silikon verwendet. Ein solcher Dichtungskörper wird vorzugsweise so dimensioniert, daß er den Kappenboden ausfüllt und beim Aufsetzen der Kappen zunächst stark zusammengedrückt wird und dann in den Innenraum des Röhrchens eindringt. Aufgrund der Kriechfähigkeit des Materials wird anschließend der durch den Innenraum vorzugsweise diagonal verlaufende Schmelzleiter im Bereich der Enden vollständig umschlossen.The elastically compressible but at the same time creepable plastic material is preferably a silicone. This plastic material can withstand the temperatures occurring at subsequent manufacturing steps well. Advantageously, a sealing body made of a slightly foamed, closed-cell silicone is used. Such a sealing body is preferably dimensioned so that it fills the cap base and initially strongly compressed when placing the caps and then penetrates into the interior of the tube. Due to the creep capability of the material, the fusible conductor, which preferably runs diagonally through the interior, is then completely enclosed in the area of the ends.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schmelzsicherungsbauelements wird zunächst ein Schmelzleiter in den Innenraum eines zylindrischen Röhrchens eingebracht, wobei er an beiden Enden um die Stirnseiten des Röhrchens herum auf die Außenwandung des Röhrchens geführt wird. Anschließend werden Endkappen auf die Enden des Röhrchens mit dem um die Stirnseiten herumgeführten Schmelzleiterenden aufgesetzt. Dabei wird ein elektrischer Kontakt zwischen den Endkappen und den Schmelzleiterenden hergestellt. Ferner wird dabei zwischen dem Innenboden wenigstens einer der beiden Endkappen und der dem Innenboden zugewandten Stirnseite des Röhrchens ein Dichtungskörper aus einem überwiegend elastisch kompressiblen und zugleich kriechfähigen Kunststoffmaterial eingebracht, wobei der Dichtungskörper beim Aufsetzen der Endkappe zusammengedrückt wird. Anschließend wird das Schmelzsicherungsbauelement zur Sicherung eines elektrischen Kontakts und/oder zur mechanischen Befestigung der Endkappen am Röhrchen einer Temperaturbehandlung bei Temperaturen oberhalb 150°C unterzogen. Schließlich bildet sich eine hermetische Abdichtung des Innenraums durch Kriechen (langsames Fließen) des Materials des Dichtungskörpers aus. Bei diesem Herstellungsverfahren wird gewährleistet, daß sich bei dem Temperaturbehandlungsschritt ggf. ausbildende Kanäle anschließend durch hineinfließendes Material wieder verschlossen werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gestatte auf einfache Weise die Herstellung von Schmelzsicherungsbauelementen mit hermetischer Abdichtung des Innenraums.In the method according to the invention for producing a fuse component, a fusible conductor is first introduced into the interior of a cylindrical tube, wherein it is guided at both ends around the end faces of the tube onto the outer wall of the tube. Subsequently, end caps are placed on the ends of the tube with the fusible conductor ends guided around the end faces. In this case, an electrical contact between the end caps and the fusible conductor ends is produced. Further, between the inner bottom of at least one of the two end caps and the inner bottom facing end side of the tube, a sealing body made of a predominantly elastically compressible and at the same time creepable plastic material is introduced, wherein the sealing body is compressed when placing the end cap. Subsequently, the fuse element is subjected to a temperature treatment at temperatures above 150 ° C to secure an electrical contact and / or for mechanical attachment of the end caps on the tube. Finally, a hermetic seal of the interior is formed by creeping (slow flow) of the material of the seal body. In this production process, it is ensured that any channels forming in the temperature treatment step are subsequently closed again by inflowing material. The inventive method allows in a simple way the production of fuse components with hermetic sealing of the interior.

Vorteilhafte und bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel näher beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Längsschnitt-Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsbauelements; und
  • Figur 2 eine schematische Querschnitt-Ansicht des in Figur 1 gezeigten Bauelements.
Advantageous and preferred developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. In the following the invention will be described with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing show:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the fuse component according to the invention; and
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device shown in Figure 1.

In der schematischen Längsschnitt-Darstellung der Figur 1 ist ein Sicherungsbauelement 1 gezeigt, das einen Schmelzleiter 2 aufweist, der sich in einem Innenraum 3 eines zylindrischen Röhrchens 4 diagonal erstreckt. Der Schmelzleiter 2 kann bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform wie auch bei allen anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sowohl ein Draht mit einem beliebigen Querschnittsprofil als auch ein um einen isolierenden Kern gewickelter Schmelzleiterdraht sein. Das Röhrchen 4 weist eine zylindrische Form auf, die ein beliebiges Querschnittsprofil haben kann. Der Innenraum 3 ist beispielsweise kreiszylinderförmig. Das Röhrchen 4 ist aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material hergestellt, beispielsweise aus Glas, Keramik oder Kunststoff. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Schmelzleiter 2 diagonal durch den Innenraum 3 geführt. Bei anderen Ausführungsformen sind andere Anordnungen des Schmelzleiters 2 im Innenraum 3 denkbar. Der Schmelzleiter 2 ist vorzugsweise um die Stirnseiten 8 des Röhrchens 4 herumgelegt, so daß die Enden des Schmelzleiters 2 auf den Außenwandungen des Röhrchens aufliegen. Auf die beiden Enden des Röhrchens 4 sind Endkappen 5 aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material aufgesetzt. Die metallischen Endkappen sind dabei so aufgesetzt, daß einerseits ein elektrischer Kontakt zwischen den Endkappen 5 und dem Schmelzleiter 2 hergestellt und andererseits eine mechanisch feste Verbindung zwischen den Endkappen 5 und dem Röhrchen 4 gebildet wird. Der Schmelzleiter 2 ist mit den Endkappen 5 beispielsweise über eine Außenlötung verbunden, d. h., eine Lötverbindung 6 verbindet die auf der Außenwandung des Röhrchens 4 aufliegenden Enden des Schmelzleiters 2 mit den Innenwandungen der metallischen Endkappen 5. Bei dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die mechanische Befestigung der Endkappen 5 auf dem Röhrchen 4 zusätzlich durch eine Klebstoffverbindung 9 gesichert.1 shows a fuse component 1 which has a fusible conductor 2 which extends diagonally in an inner space 3 of a cylindrical tube 4. In the embodiment shown, as in all other embodiments of the invention, the fusible conductor 2 can be both a wire with an arbitrary cross-sectional profile and a fuse wire wound around an insulating core. The tube 4 has a cylindrical shape, which may have any cross-sectional profile. The interior 3 is, for example, circular cylindrical. The tube 4 is made of an electrically insulating material, for example of glass, ceramic or plastic. In the embodiment shown, the fusible conductor 2 is guided diagonally through the interior space 3. In other embodiments, other arrangements of the fusible conductor 2 in the interior 3 are conceivable. The fusible conductor 2 is preferably placed around the end faces 8 of the tube 4, so that the ends of the fusible conductor 2 rest on the outer walls of the tube. On the two ends of the tube 4 end caps 5 are placed from an electrically conductive material. The metallic end caps are placed so that on the one hand an electrical contact between the end caps 5 and the fusible conductor 2 made and on the other hand, a mechanically strong connection between the end caps 5 and the tube 4 is formed. The fusible conductor 2 is connected to the end caps 5, for example via external soldering, that is, a solder joint 6 connects the resting on the outer wall of the tube 4 ends of the fusible conductor 2 with the inner walls of the metallic end caps 5. In the preferred embodiment, the mechanical attachment of the end caps 5 additionally secured on the tube 4 by an adhesive connection 9.

Wie in Figur 1 zu sehen ist, ist in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Böden der Endkappen 5 und den jeweiligen Stirnseiten 8 des Röhrchens 4 sowie in einem an den Kappenboden angrenzenden Teil des Innenraums 3 des Röhrchens 4 jeweils ein Dichtungskörper 7 eingebracht. Der Dichtungskörper 7 besteht aus einem Kunststoffmaterial, das elastisch kompressibel (d. h. elastisch verformbar), aber zugleich kriechfähig (im Sinne von fließfähig) ist. Beim Aufsetzen der Endkappen 5 auf die Enden des Röhrchens 4 werden die zuvor eingebrachten Dichtungskörper 7 stark zusammengedrückt und dehnen sich anschließend, vorzugsweise in den Innenraum 3, wieder aus. Aufgrund der Fließfähigkeit dringen Teile des sich ausdehnenden Dichtungskörpers 7 in die zwischen Kappen 5 und Röhrchen 4 vorhandenen Spalten ein und umschließen die in der Nähe der Enden des Röhrchens 4 verlaufenden Abschnitte des Schmelzleiters 2.As can be seen in FIG. 1, in each case a sealing body 7 is introduced in the spaces between the bottoms of the end caps 5 and the respective end faces 8 of the tube 4 and in a part of the interior 3 of the tube 4 adjoining the cap base. The sealing body 7 is made of a plastic material which is elastically compressible (ie elastically deformable), but at the same time capable of creeping (in the sense of flowable). When placing the end caps 5 on the ends of the tube 4, the previously introduced sealing body 7 are strongly compressed and then expand, preferably in the interior 3, again from. Due to the fluidity penetrate parts of the expanding seal body 7 in the existing between caps 5 and 4 tubes Columns and enclose the running in the vicinity of the ends of the tube 4 sections of the fusible conductor. 2

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Querschnittsansicht, wobei der Schnitt in der in Figur 1 mit A bezeichneten Ebene geführt ist. Dabei zeigt Figur 2 den Zustand eine gewisse Zeit nach der Herstellung des Schmelzsicherungsbauelements, die für ein ausreichendes Fließen des eingebrachten Materials des Dichtungskörpers 7 ausreicht. Wie in Figur 2 zu erkennen ist, ist der von der Innenwandung des Röhrchens 4 im geschnittenen Bereich beabstandete Schmelzleiter 2 vollständig vom Material des Dichtungskörpers 7 umschlossen. Ein solchen Umschließen ist mit einem rein elastischen Dichtungskörper nicht möglich, sondern erfordert ein fließfähiges Material.Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view, wherein the section is guided in the plane designated in Figure 1 with A. In this case, Figure 2 shows the state a certain time after the production of the fuse element, which is sufficient for a sufficient flow of the introduced material of the seal body 7. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the fusible conductor 2, which is spaced apart from the inner wall of the tube 4 in the cut region, is completely enclosed by the material of the sealing body 7. Such enclosing is not possible with a purely elastic sealing body, but requires a flowable material.

Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzsicherungsbauelements angegeben. Zur Herstellung des Schmelzsicherungsbauelements wird zunächst der Schmelzleiter 2 in einer vorgegebenen Länge bereitgestellt und in den Innenraum 3 des Röhrchens 4 eingelegt und anschließend um die Stirnseiten 8 des Röhrchens herumgebogen, so daß die Enden des Schmelzleiters 2 auf den Außenflächen des Röhrchens 4 aufliegen. Anschließend wird ein thermisch aushärtbarer Klebstoff auf die Stirnseiten 8 ganzflächig aufgebracht. Die Klebstoffmenge und die Art der Aufbringung werden dabei so gewählt, daß vermieden wird, daß dabei oder bei nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritten größere Mengen des Klebstoffs in den Innenraum 3 des Röhrchens 4 gelangen. Anschließend wird auf die Außenflächen des Röhrchens 4 an den Stellen, wo der Schmelzleiter 2 aufliegt, jeweils eine geringe Menge Lotpaste aufgebracht. Die Lotpaste enthält ein Flußmittel. Das Flußmittel darf ebenfalls nicht in den Innenraum 3 der Schmelzsicherung gelangen. Zu diesem Zweck dient ebenfalls der auf die Stirnseite 8 aufgebrachte Klebstoff. Dieser bildet eine Barriere und verhindert, daß die Lotpaste durch Kapillarwirkung entlang des Schmelzleiters 2 über die Stirnseite 8 weiter in den Innenraum 3 fließt.The following is a preferred method for producing a fuse element according to the invention is given. To produce the fuse component, the fuse element 2 is first provided in a predetermined length and inserted into the interior 3 of the tube 4 and then bent around the end faces 8 of the tube, so that the ends of the fuse conductor 2 rest on the outer surfaces of the tube 4. Subsequently, a thermally curable adhesive is applied over the entire surface of the end faces 8. The amount of adhesive and the nature of the application are chosen so that it is avoided that thereby or in subsequent process steps larger amounts of the adhesive get into the interior 3 of the tube 4. Subsequently, in each case a small amount of solder paste is applied to the outer surfaces of the tube 4 at the locations where the fusible conductor 2 rests. The solder paste contains a flux. The flux must also not get into the interior 3 of the fuse. For this purpose, the adhesive applied to the end face 8 also serves. This forms a barrier and prevents the solder paste by capillary action along the fusible conductor 2 on the front side 8 continues to flow into the interior 3.

Parallel zu den genannten Herstellungsschritten werden die Endkappen 5 vorbereitet, indem in den inneren Kappenboden ein an die Form angepaßtes Stück eines Schaumstoffmaterials (eines leicht geschäumten Silikons) eingelegt wird. Die Kappen sind vorzugsweise rechteckig, so daß das in den Kappenboden eingelegte Stück Schaumstoffmaterial ebenfalls von im wesentlichen rechteckiger Form ist.Parallel to the mentioned manufacturing steps, the end caps 5 are prepared by placing in the inner cap bottom adapted to the shape of a piece of foam material (a slightly foamed silicone) is inserted. The caps are preferably rectangular so that the piece of foam material placed in the cap bottom is also of substantially rectangular shape.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform hat das Röhrchen einen Innendurchmesser von etwa 2,5 mm und Außenabmessungen von etwa 4 mm x 4 mm x 9,6 mm. Die Endkappen sind etwa 2,8 mm tief und haben einen Querschnitt von etwa 4,4 mm x 4,4 mm. Der in den Kappenboden eingelegte Schaumstoff-Dichtungskörper weist eine Dicke von etwa 1,5 - 2,0 mm auf.In a preferred embodiment, the tube has an inner diameter of about 2.5 mm and outer dimensions of about 4 mm x 4 mm x 9.6 mm. The end caps are about 2.8mm deep and have a cross-section of about 4.4mm x 4.4mm. The inserted in the cap bottom foam seal body has a thickness of about 1.5 - 2.0 mm.

Die vorbereiteten Endkappen werden auf die Enden des Röhrchens mit einer vorgegebenen Krafteinwirkung aufgesetzt, so daß sich der Schaumstoff deformiert und der aufgetragene Klebstoff verteilt. Anschließend werden die Kappen (vorzugsweise nacheinander) erhitzt, so daß einerseits die Lotpaste eine Lötverbindung zwischen dem Schmelzleiter 2 und den Innenflächen der Endkappen 5 herstellt und andererseits der Klebstoff 5 vor-ausgehärtet wird, so daß die Kappen mechanisch fixiert werden. Bei diesem Schritt des Herstellens der Lötverbindung und des Vor-Aushärtens des Klebstoffs wird das Sicherungsbauelement auf Temperaturen oberhalb 150°C, beispielsweise etwa 300°C erwärmt. Der dabei im Innenraum 3 aufgrund der Gasfüllung entstehende Überdruck kann dabei zum Teil dadurch ausgeglichen werden, daß sich ein dünner Kanal zwischen dem Innenraum und der äußeren Umgebung, beispielsweise entlang des Schmelzleiters oder entlang der Wandung des Röhrchens 4 ausbildet. In einem nachfolgenden Herstellungsschritt wird das Sicherungsbauelement nochmals auf eine Temperatur von beispielsweise etwa 150°C erwärmt, so daß der Klebstoff endgültig ausgehärtet wird.The prepared end caps are placed on the ends of the tube with a predetermined force, so that deforms the foam and spread the applied adhesive. Subsequently, the caps (preferably successively) are heated, so that on the one hand the solder paste produces a solder joint between the fuse element 2 and the inner surfaces of the end caps 5 and on the other hand, the adhesive 5 is pre-cured, so that the caps are mechanically fixed. In this step of preparing the solder joint and pre-curing the adhesive, the fuse component is heated to temperatures above 150 ° C, for example, about 300 ° C. The resulting in the interior 3 due to the gas filling pressure can thereby be partially compensated by the fact that forms a thin channel between the interior and the external environment, for example along the fusible conductor or along the wall of the tube 4. In a subsequent manufacturing step, the fuse component is again heated to a temperature of, for example, about 150 ° C, so that the adhesive is finally cured.

Im Rahmen des Erfindungsgedankens sind alternative Ausführungsformen denkbar. Beispielsweise könnte der Dichtungskörper 7 nur einen Teil des Kappenbodens ausfüllen, beispielsweise ringförmig ausgebildet sein, so daß er den Zwischenraum zwischen den Stirnseiten 8 und dem Kappenboden vollständig ausfüllt, aber nur in einem geringeren Maße in den Innenraum 3 eindringt. Es sind auch Ausführungsformen denkbar, bei denen ein Dichtungskörper der genannten Art nur an einem der beiden Enden des Röhrchens eingebracht wird; das andere Ende könnte auf herkömmliche Weise hermetisch abgedichtet werden, beispielsweise durch ein Vergießen mit einem flüssigen und dann aushärtenden Kunststoff.Within the scope of the inventive concept, alternative embodiments are conceivable. For example, the sealing body 7 could fill only a portion of the cap base, for example, be annular, so that it completely fills the space between the end faces 8 and the cap base, but only to a lesser extent in the interior. 3 penetrates. Embodiments are also conceivable in which a sealing body of the type mentioned is introduced only at one of the two ends of the tube; the other end could be hermetically sealed in a conventional manner, for example, by casting with a liquid and then curing plastic.

Claims (16)

  1. A fuse component (1) including a fusible conductor (2), which extends in a gas-filled cavity (3) in a cylindrical tube (4) between two end surfaces of the tube, wherein two end caps (5) of an electrically-conductive material are so applied to the two ends of the tube (4) that an electrical contact with the fusible conductor (2) is produced, characterised in that inserted at at least one of the two ends of the tube (4) in a gap between the base of the end cap (5) and the end surface (8) of the tube (4) and in a portion of the cavity (3) in the tube (4) adjoining the base of the cap there is a sealing body (7) of a plastic material, which is predominantly elastically compressible but at the same time capable of creep, which sealing body has been compressed between the end surface (8) and the base of the cap whilst putting on the end cap (5) during the manufacture of the fuse component (1).
  2. A fuse component as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the sealing body consists of a silicone.
  3. A fuse component as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the sealing body (7) consists of a gently foamed, closed-cell silicone.
  4. A fuse component as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the sealing body (7) fills the entire base of the cap end extends into the portion of the cavity (3) and the tube (4) in the manner of a plug.
  5. A fuse component as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the fusible conductor extends diagonally through the cavity (5) in the cylindrical tube (4) and that the two ends of the fusible conductor (2) are fastened to opposite surfaces of the outer wall of the tube (4).
  6. A fuse component as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the tube has a cross-section with a substantially circular internal shape and a substantially square external shape.
  7. A fuse component as claimed in one of claims 1-6, characterised in that the ends of the fusible conductor are mechanically secured between the outer wall of the tube (4) and the inner wall of the end cap (5) by means of a solder connection (6) and are electrically connected to the end cap (5).
  8. A fuse component as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the sealing body is introduced only at one end and that the other end of the tube is hermetically sealed with a pourable, set plastics material.
  9. A fuse component as claimed in one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the end caps (5) are retained by an adhesive connection, wherein the adhesive (9) is distributed in the gaps between the end surfaces (8) of the tube (4), the surfaces of the sealing body (7) directed towards the end surfaces and the inner walls of the end caps (5).
  10. A method of manufacturing a fuse component, wherein:
    (a) a fusible conductor is introduced into the cavity in a cylindrical tube, whereby it is passed at both ends around the end surfaces of the tube onto the outer wall of the tube,
    (b) end caps are placed on the ends of the tube with the ends of the fusible conductor passed around the end surfaces and an electrical contact between the end caps and the ends of the fusible conductor is thus produced, whereby a sealing body of plastic material, which is predominantly elastically compressible and at the same time capable of creep, is introduced between the internal base of at least one of the two end caps and the end surface of the tube directed towards the internal base, the sealing body being compressed during positioning of the end cap,
    (c) the fuse component is subjected to a temperature treatment in order to ensure an electrical contact and/or to mechanically connect the end caps to the tube, and
    (d) a hermetic seal of the cavity then forms by creep of the material of the sealing body.
  11. A method as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that a respective sealing body matched to the shape of the end caps is introduced into the end caps before they are placed in position.
  12. A method as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the sealing body is introduced into the caps such that the plastic material covers the cap base with a layer whose thickness is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
  13. A method as claimed in one of claims 10-12, characterised in that before positioning the end caps, a thermally settable adhesive is applied to the end surfaces of the tube, the amount of adhesive and the nature of the application being so selected that only as small as possible an amount of the adhesive gets into the interior of the tube during the application and during the subsequent manufacturing process.
  14. A method as claimed in claim 13, characterised in that soldering paste is applied to the outer surfaces of the tube at the positions where the ends of the fusible conductor engage it.
  15. A method as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that after positioning the caps they are heated so that solder connections are produced between the ends of the fusible conductor and the end caps with the aid of the soldering paste and at the same time the adhesive is at least partially set.
  16. A method as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that the end caps are heated successively, the end caps being heated by positioning two adjacent electrodes on the end surface of a cap and applying electric power to them.
EP04018792A 2003-08-25 2004-08-07 Tubular fuse with end caps and synthetic sealing elements Expired - Fee Related EP1511057B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10339441A DE10339441B3 (en) 2003-08-25 2003-08-25 Tubular fuse element with end caps with hermetically sealing plastic seal insert
DE10339441 2003-08-25

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EP1511057A1 EP1511057A1 (en) 2005-03-02
EP1511057B1 true EP1511057B1 (en) 2007-05-02

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DE502004003663D1 (en) 2007-06-14
US20050057337A1 (en) 2005-03-17
US7250843B2 (en) 2007-07-31
EP1511057A1 (en) 2005-03-02

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