EP1472050B1 - Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism with an electro-dynamically actuated driving piston - Google Patents

Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism with an electro-dynamically actuated driving piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1472050B1
EP1472050B1 EP03704432A EP03704432A EP1472050B1 EP 1472050 B1 EP1472050 B1 EP 1472050B1 EP 03704432 A EP03704432 A EP 03704432A EP 03704432 A EP03704432 A EP 03704432A EP 1472050 B1 EP1472050 B1 EP 1472050B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
percussion
drive
pneumatic spring
percussion mechanism
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EP03704432A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1472050A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Steffen
Rudolf Berger
Wolfgang Schmid
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Wacker Construction Equipment AG
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Wacker Construction Equipment AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/064Means for driving the impulse member using an electromagnetic drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/371Use of springs
    • B25D2250/375Fluid springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air spring impact mechanism according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Air spring impact devices are especially for use in drills and / or impact hammers known for a long time.
  • the different types of air spring impact devices it is common that a drive piston z. B. via a motor-driven Crankshaft is moved axially back and forth.
  • a percussion piston arranged such that between the drive piston and the percussion piston at least temporarily a with the help of Schlagtechniksgephaseuses of the environment enclosed cavity is formed.
  • the inside of the cavity The enclosed air supply serves as air spring when the drive piston moves and transmits the movement of the drive piston to the percussion piston, so that this time delay also follows the movement of the drive piston and against striking a tool shank or an intermediate striker.
  • Air strikes are usually divided into three groups. So are so-called Pipe impactors known in which drive piston and percussion piston are movable in a percussion tube with the same diameter, such. B. in the DE 198 43 644 A1. Furthermore, there are so-called hollow piston impactors, in which the drive piston on its front side a hollow recess has, in which the percussion piston is movable (see DE 198 28 426 A1).
  • the third Group concerns Hohltrainr percussion, in which the percussion piston on his the drive piston facing end face has a hollow recess, in the drive piston is movable.
  • DE 198 28 426 A1 shows an example of a conventional drive of the drive piston, in which an electric motor rotatably drives a crankshaft whose movement transmitted via a connecting rod to the drive piston and in an axial reciprocation is converted.
  • DE-A-27 28 485 is an electromagnetically described impact device shown, which directly feeds their electrical energy into a mechanical Impact energy converted by means of fixed electromagnets.
  • One for that provided impact tool is associated with a the electromagnet Core firmly connected.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an air spring impact mechanism of the type mentioned in at the mechanical drive of the drive piston can be simplified without the disadvantages of prior art electromagnetic impactors to accept.
  • An inventive air spring impact mechanism is characterized in that the Drive piston by an electrodynamic linear drive or electrical Linear motor drivable and preferably integrally with a rotor of the linear motor connected is. This means that not - as in the prior art - the Pistons selbs, but the driving piston on the air spring driving Drive piston is moved electromagnetically.
  • This electrodynamic linear drive makes it possible, on the one hand, the usual drive motor and to be able to omit the transmission (crankshaft drive rod), which is considerable Savings in weight, space and costs result.
  • the drive piston and the impact piston functional and To build according to the demands: During the stroke piston exclusively under shock-theoretical aspects, without regard to electromagnetic influences can be designed, the drive piston, which does not hit is exposed, an optimization in terms of magnetic return be achieved.
  • the drive piston is integral with the rotor of the linear drive connected.
  • the drive piston is essentially completely formed by the runner, so that the runner simultaneously assumes the function of the drive piston.
  • the linear motor is a switched reluctance motor and has in the impact mechanism housing in the range of motion of the rotor several drive coils on, which switched according to the desired movement of the drive piston become.
  • a holding coil for holding the Runner provided in a reference position or in an idle position.
  • the Holding coil is not used to drive the drive piston and thus can lower Perform.
  • a controller provided, the drive coil and / or the holding coil according to the desired stroke rate, stroke duration and impact strength and for the implementation of desired movement patterns (stroke of the drive piston, path-time courses, etc.) excited.
  • a sensor device may be provided which the current position of the drive piston or of the rotor, but also of the percussion piston determined in the impact mechanism housing.
  • the controller can control the position of the drive piston or the associated runner due to a current behavior the drive coil and / or the holding coil determined. For the moment, When a rotor accelerated by a coil has passed the coil, it acts as a generator and generates in the coil a current which is exciting in the coil Electricity network recovers. This reaction can be detected by the controller and be evaluated.
  • the principle of a linear motor according to the invention can be applied to all types of Apply air spring impact, so therefore for pipe impact, hollow piston impact testers or percussion with a hollow percussion piston.
  • the return movement of the Impact piston can also be supported by a so-called return spring be as disclosed in DE 198 43 642 A1 and DE 198 43 644.
  • a Combination of the return spring with the principle of the invention with the Runner coupled drive piston is expressly included as part of the invention considered.
  • the outer casing is substantially cylindrical is. This can be z.
  • B. Erdbohr- or displacement work Simply perform as the hammer completely penetrate into the ground and one longer channel can produce ("Erdrakete").
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrodynamic pipe hammer mechanism, with a to a percussion gear housing belonging percussion tube 1, one in the percussion tube axially reciprocating drive piston 2 and also in the percussion tube 1 axial reciprocating piston 3.
  • the drive piston 2 and the percussion piston 3 have substantially the same diameter.
  • a cavity 4 is formed, which receives an air spring 5.
  • the guide of the elongated percussion piston 3 is additionally provided by a provided in the percussion mechanism guide. 6 supported.
  • the rotor 9 is - as shown schematically in Fig. 1 shown - preferably executed laminated, d. H. it consists of several Layers of a suitable electric sheet.
  • a holding coil 10 is arranged, that for holding the rotor 9 and thus the drive piston 2 in a reference position serves.
  • This reference position can simultaneously also the idle position be in which the drive piston 2 is held when interrupting work. Since the holding coil 10 only make work, but not perform acceleration work must, it can be done with smaller dimensions.
  • Fig. 2 shows as a second embodiment of the invention, a double-acting hollow piston impactor.
  • Fig. 1 shows as a second embodiment of the invention, a double-acting hollow piston impactor.
  • the percussion piston 3 is - in contrast to Fig. 1 - not in the percussion tube 1 movable, but in a hollow recess of a designed as a hollow piston Drive piston 20.
  • the drive piston 20 surrounds the percussion piston 3 in such a way that - seen in the direction of impact - behind a piston head 3a of the percussion piston 3 a cavity with a first air spring 21 and in front of the piston head 3a a second Air spring 22 is formed.
  • a shaft 3b of the percussion piston 3 penetrates the End face of the drive piston 20 and extends over a greater length. Of the Shaft 3b is adapted to strike on the striker 8.
  • the two air springs 21 and 22 allow a particularly reliable and constant impact and after the strike a steady retrieval of the Piston 3 under all recoil conditions and at different altitudes.
  • the drive piston 20 is integrally connected to a rotor 23, wherein the Runners 23 in the manner already described in connection with FIG. 1 by the drive coils 7 moves or the holding coil 10 is held.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic spring percussion mechanism comprising a driving piston (2) moving back and forth in a housing (1) of the percussion mechanism (2) and a percussion piston (3), wherein a pneumatic spring (5) is configured between the driving piston (2) and the percussion piston (3). The movement of the driving piston (2) can be transmitted to the percussion piston (3) by means of said pneumatic spring. The driving piston (2) can be driven by an electric linear motor and is connected to an armature (9) of the linear motor, forming a single piece therewith. This arrangement makes it possible to eliminate the use of a conventional rotatory motor and a crank mechanism to drive the driving piston (2).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Luftfederschlagwerk gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to an air spring impact mechanism according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Luftfederschlagwerk ist z.B. aus der DE-A-19843644 bekannt. Luftfederschlagwerke sind insbesondere zum Einsatz in Bohr- und/oder Schlaghämmern seit langem bekannt. Den verschiedenen Typen von Luftfederschlagwerken ist es gemeinsam, dass ein Antriebskolben z. B. über einen motorisch angetriebenen Kurbeltrieb axial hin- und herbewegt wird. Vor dem Antriebskolben ist koaxial ein Schlagkolben derart angeordnet, dass zwischen dem Antriebskolben und dem Schlagkolben zumindest zeitweise ein mit Hilfe des Schlagwerksgehäuses von der Umgebung abgeschlossener Hohlraum gebildet ist. Der innerhalb des Hohlraums eingeschlossene Luftvorrat dient bei Bewegung des Antriebskolbens als Luftfeder und überträgt die Bewegung des Antriebskolbens auf den Schlagkolben, so dass dieser zeitverzögert ebenfalls der Bewegung des Antriebskolbens folgt und gegen einen Werkzeugschaft oder einen zwischengeschalteten Döpper schlägt.Such an air spring impact mechanism is e.g. known from DE-A-19843644. Air spring impact devices are especially for use in drills and / or impact hammers known for a long time. The different types of air spring impact devices it is common that a drive piston z. B. via a motor-driven Crankshaft is moved axially back and forth. In front of the drive piston is coaxial a percussion piston arranged such that between the drive piston and the percussion piston at least temporarily a with the help of Schlagwerksgehäuses of the environment enclosed cavity is formed. The inside of the cavity The enclosed air supply serves as air spring when the drive piston moves and transmits the movement of the drive piston to the percussion piston, so that this time delay also follows the movement of the drive piston and against striking a tool shank or an intermediate striker.

Luftfederschlagwerke werden üblicherweise in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. So sind sogenannte Rohrschlagwerke bekannt, bei denen Antriebskolben und Schlagkolben mit gleichem Durchmesser in ein Schlagwerksrohr bewegbar sind, wie z. B. in der DE 198 43 644 A1 beschrieben. Weiterhin gibt es sogenannte Hohlkolben-Schlagwerke, bei denen der Antriebskolben an seiner Stirnseite eine hohle Ausnehmung aufweist, in der der Schlagkolben bewegbar ist (siehe DE 198 28 426 A1). Die dritte Gruppe betrifft Hohlschläger-Schlagwerke, bei denen der Schlagkolben an seiner dem Antriebskolben zugewandten Stirnseite eine hohle Ausnehmung aufweist, in der der Antriebskolben bewegbar ist.Air strikes are usually divided into three groups. So are so-called Pipe impactors known in which drive piston and percussion piston are movable in a percussion tube with the same diameter, such. B. in the DE 198 43 644 A1. Furthermore, there are so-called hollow piston impactors, in which the drive piston on its front side a hollow recess has, in which the percussion piston is movable (see DE 198 28 426 A1). The third Group concerns Hohlschläger percussion, in which the percussion piston on his the drive piston facing end face has a hollow recess, in the drive piston is movable.

Die DE 198 28 426 A1 zeigt ein Beispiel für einen üblichen Antrieb des Antriebskolbens, bei dem ein Elektromotor eine Kurbelwelle drehend antreibt, deren Bewegung über ein Pleuel auf den Antriebskolben übertragen und in eine axiale Hin- und Herbewegung gewandelt wird.DE 198 28 426 A1 shows an example of a conventional drive of the drive piston, in which an electric motor rotatably drives a crankshaft whose movement transmitted via a connecting rod to the drive piston and in an axial reciprocation is converted.

Es war schon immer wünschenswert, den mechanisch relativ aufwendigen Antrieb des Antriebskolbens zu vereinfachen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde z. B. in der DE-PS 848 780 vorgeschlagen, den Schlagkolben mit Hilfe von elektromagnetischen Spulen anzutreiben und ihn gegen einen Werkzeugschaft zu beschleunigen. Ein derartiges Schlagwerk ist aber in der Praxis erheblichen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt, da der Schlagkolben nicht nur durch die beim Schlag frei werdende Schlagenergie erwärmt wird, sondern zusätzlich von Wirbelströmen durchflutet wird, was in vielen Fällen sogar zu einer dauerhaften Schädigung des Schlagkolbens geführt hat.It has always been desirable to have the mechanically relatively expensive drive to simplify the drive piston. For this purpose, z. B. in the DE-PS 848 780 proposed the percussion piston with the help of electromagnetic coils drive and accelerate it against a tool shank. Such a thing Schlagwerk is exposed to considerable thermal stress in practice, because the percussion piston not only by the impact energy released during the blow is heated, but is additionally flooded by eddy currents, which in many cases even led to permanent damage to the percussion piston Has.

In der US-A-5.497.555 wird ein Schlagwerk mit einem linear elektrodynamisch angetriebenen Antriebskolben beschrieben. Der Antriebskolben wird durch Magnete bewegt, so dass er nach vorne gegen einen Schlagkolben gleitet. Dabei gelangt eine vordere Stirnseite des Antriebskolbens in mechanischen Kontakt zu einer rückwärtigen Stirnseite des Schlagkolbens. Die Rückholung des Schlagkolbens nach dem Stoß erfolgt mit Hilfe von Hinterschneidungen am Antriebskolben und am Schlagkolben. Die Hinterschneidungen wirken wie ein Fanghaken und ziehen den Schlagkolben zurück.In US-A-5,497,555 a striking mechanism with a linear electrodynamically driven Drive piston described. The drive piston is powered by magnets moved so that it slides forward against a percussion piston. This gets a front end of the drive piston in mechanical contact with a rearward Front side of the percussion piston. The recovery of the percussion piston after the Shock occurs with the help of undercuts on the drive piston and percussion piston. The undercuts act like a catch hook and pull the percussion piston back.

Aus der DE-A-100 25 371 wird ein Schlagwerk mit einem direkt linear elektrodynamisch angetriebenen Schlagkolben beschrieben. Auch bei diesem Schlagwerk treten in der Praxis erhebliche thermische Belastungen auf, da der Schlagkolben sowohl die Schlagenergie als auch Energieverluste durch in ihn induzierte Wirbelströme aufnehmen muss.From DE-A-100 25 371 is a percussion with a direct linear electrodynamic driven percussion piston described. Also with this percussion occur in practice significant thermal loads, since the percussion piston both the impact energy and energy losses due to eddy currents induced in it must record.

In der DE-A-27 28 485 wird eine elektromagnetisch beschriebene Schlagvorrichtung gezeigt, die direkt die ihr zugeführte elektrische Energie in eine mechanische Schlagenergie mit Hilfe von feststehenden Elektromagneten umwandelt. Ein dafür vorgesehenes Schlagwerkzeug ist mit einem dem Elektromagneten zugeordneten Kern fest verbunden. In DE-A-27 28 485 is an electromagnetically described impact device shown, which directly feeds their electrical energy into a mechanical Impact energy converted by means of fixed electromagnets. One for that provided impact tool is associated with a the electromagnet Core firmly connected.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Luftfederschlagwerk der eingangs genannten Bauart anzugeben, bei dem der mechanische Antrieb des Antriebskolbens vereinfacht werden kann, ohne die Nachteile von elektromagnetischen Schlagwerken nach dem Stand der Technik in Kauf zu nehmen.The invention has for its object to provide an air spring impact mechanism of the type mentioned in at the mechanical drive of the drive piston can be simplified without the disadvantages of prior art electromagnetic impactors to accept.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Luftfederschlagwerk nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by an air spring impact mechanism according to claim 1 solved. Advantageous developments of the invention are in the dependent Claims specified.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Luftfederschlagwerk ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antriebskolben durch einen elektrodynamischen Linearantrieb bzw. elektrischen Linearmotor antreibbar und mit einem Läufer des Linearmotors vorzugsweise einstückig verbunden ist. Das bedeutet, dass nicht - wie beim Stand der Technik - der Schlagkolben selbs, sondern der den Schlagkolben über die Luftfeder antreibende Antriebskolben elektromagnetisch bewegt wird.An inventive air spring impact mechanism is characterized in that the Drive piston by an electrodynamic linear drive or electrical Linear motor drivable and preferably integrally with a rotor of the linear motor connected is. This means that not - as in the prior art - the Pistons selbs, but the driving piston on the air spring driving Drive piston is moved electromagnetically.

Dieser elektrodynamische Linearantrieb ermöglicht es zum einen, den üblichen Antriebsmotor sowie das Getriebe (Kurbeltrieb. Pleuel) weglassen zu können, was erhebliche Einsparungen von Gewicht, Bauraum und Kosten zur Folge hat.This electrodynamic linear drive makes it possible, on the one hand, the usual drive motor and to be able to omit the transmission (crankshaft drive rod), which is considerable Savings in weight, space and costs result.

Zum anderen ist das Bereitstellen eines Leerlaufwegs, wie bei bekannten Luftfederschlagwerken üblich, nicht erforderlich. Bei Luftfederschlagwerken nach dem Stand der Technik nämlich muss es möglich sein, dass der Schlagkolben sich beim Abheben des Werkzeugs vom zu bearbeitenden Gestein um einen gewissen Betrag vom Antriebskolben entfernen muss, um weitere Schläge zu vermeiden. Durch die Erfindung ist es hingegen möglich, die Bewegung des Antriebskolbens elektrisch derart zu steuern, dass bei Abheben des vom Luftfederschlagwerk beaufschlagten Werkzeugs vom zu bearbeitenden Gestein die Bewegung des Antriebskolbens sofort gestoppt wird.On the other hand, providing an idle travel, as in known Luftfederschlagwerken usual, not required. At Luftfederschlagwerken after the The state of the art namely, it must be possible that the percussion piston at Lifting the tool from the rock to be processed by a certain amount from the drive piston to avoid further impact. By the Invention, it is possible, however, the movement of the drive piston electrically be controlled so that when lifting the acted upon by the air spring impact Tool from the rock to be machined, the movement of the drive piston immediately is stopped.

Weiterhin ist es möglich, den Antriebskolben und den Schlagkolben funktions- und beanspruchungsgerecht zu bauen: Während der Schlagkolben ausschließlich unter stoßtheoretischen Gesichtspunkten, ohne Rücksicht auf elektromagnetische Einwirkungen gestaltet werden kann, kann bei dem Antriebskolben, der keinen Schlägen ausgesetzt ist, eine Optimierung hinsichtlich des magnetischen Rückschlusses erreicht werden.Furthermore, it is possible, the drive piston and the impact piston functional and To build according to the demands: During the stroke piston exclusively under shock-theoretical aspects, without regard to electromagnetic influences can be designed, the drive piston, which does not hit is exposed, an optimization in terms of magnetic return be achieved.

Im Einzelnen bedeutet das hinsichtlich des nicht-elektromagnetisch angetriebenen Schlagkolbens, dass eine Auslegung für eine hohe Anstoßgeschwindigkeit nach festigkeitsmäßigen Überlegungen bzw. der Härte erfolgen kann, während keine Rücksicht auf einen magnetischen Rückschluss, eine Wirbelstromfreiheit o. Ä, genommen werden muss. Weiterhin kann der Schlagkolben mit großer Länge ausgeführt werden, was für einen großen Energieinhalt des Stoßes bei größtmöglicher mechanischer Spannung sorgt. Da auf den magnetischen Rückschluss nicht zu achten ist, kann der Schlagkolben dünnschaftig ausgeführt werden, um eine optimale Energieübertragung auf das Werkzeug erreichen zu können. Schließlich ist es möglich, das Zusammenwirken zwischen dem Antriebskolben und dem Schlagkolben mit Hilfe einer sogenannten doppelten Luftfeder zu realisieren, wie sie z. B. in der DE 197 28 729 A1 beschrieben ist. Damit lässt sich besonders vorteilhaft ein konstanter Schlag und eine gleichmäßige Rückholung des Schlagkolbens unter sämtlichen Rückstoßbedingungen und in verschiedenen Höhenlagen realisieren.Specifically, this means in terms of non-electromagnetically driven Impact piston that a design for a high impact velocity after strength Considerations or hardness can be made while no consideration on a magnetic yoke, a eddy current freedom o. Ä, taken must become. Furthermore, the percussion piston can be made with great length what a great energy content of the shock at the greatest possible mechanical Tension provides. As not to pay attention to the magnetic inference is, the percussion piston can be made thin shank, for optimal To achieve energy transfer to the tool. Finally, it is possible the interaction between the drive piston and the percussion piston to realize with the help of a so-called double air spring as z. B. in the DE 197 28 729 A1 is described. This can be a particularly advantageous constant Blow and a uniform recovery of the percussion piston among all Realize recoil conditions and at different altitudes.

Bei der Gestaltung des Antriebskolbens wiederum kann schon durch Wahl des Materials eine Auslegung unter Berücksichtigung eines optimalen magnetischen Rückschlusses bei minimaler thermischer Verlustleistung erreicht werden.In the design of the drive piston in turn can already by selecting the material a design considering an optimal magnetic Conclusion can be achieved with minimal thermal power loss.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Antriebskolben mit dem Läufer des Linearantriebs einstückig verbunden. Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Antriebskolben im Wesentlichen vollständig durch den Läufer gebildet, so dass der Läufer gleichzeitig die Funktion des Antriebskolbens übernimmt.According to the drive piston is integral with the rotor of the linear drive connected. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention the drive piston is essentially completely formed by the runner, so that the runner simultaneously assumes the function of the drive piston.

Zur Reduzierung von Wirbelströmen und damit Optimierung der thermischen Verlustleistung ist es besonders vorteilhaft wenn der Läufer - und somit gegebenenfalls der Antriebskolben selbst - geblecht ist, d. h. aus übereinandergeschichteten Elektroblechen besteht. Die thermische Auslegung ist - wie bereits oben in Zusammenhang mit dem Stand der Technik erläutert - von erheblicher Bedeutung.To reduce eddy currents and thus optimize thermal power dissipation It is particularly advantageous if the runner - and thus possibly the drive piston itself is laminated, d. H. from stacked electrical sheets consists. The thermal design is - as already mentioned above explained with the prior art - of considerable importance.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Linearmotor ein geschalteter Reluktanzmotor und weist im Schlagwerksgehäuse im Bewegungsbereich des Läufers mehrere Antriebsspulen auf, die entsprechend der gewünschten Bewegung des Antriebskolbens geschaltet werden.Advantageously, the linear motor is a switched reluctance motor and has in the impact mechanism housing in the range of motion of the rotor several drive coils on, which switched according to the desired movement of the drive piston become.

Es sei aber darauf hingewiesen, dass als Linearmotor in Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung auch ein elektrodynamischer Antrieb, z. B. in Form einer einzelnen elektromagnetischen Spule angesehen wird, die als Antriebsspule für den Antriebskolben dient. Die Rückbewegung des Antriebskolbens kann dann z. B. über eine Schraubenfeder o. Ä, erfolgen. Maßgeblich ist es, dass der Antriebskolben mit dem Läufer eng verbunden ist.It should be noted, however, that as a linear motor in connection with the Invention also an electrodynamic drive, z. B. in the form of a single electromagnetic Coil is considered as the drive coil for the drive piston serves. The return movement of the drive piston can then z. B. over a Coil spring o. Ä Made. The decisive factor is that the drive piston with the Runner is closely connected.

Vorteilhafterweise ist neben den Antriebsspulen eine Haltespule zum Halten des Läufers in einer Referenzposition bzw. in einer Leerlaufstellung vorgesehen. Die Haltespule dient nicht zum Antreiben des Antriebskolbens und kann somit eine geringere Leistung erbringen.Advantageously, in addition to the drive coils, a holding coil for holding the Runner provided in a reference position or in an idle position. The Holding coil is not used to drive the drive piston and thus can lower Perform.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Steuerung vorgesehen, die die Antriebsspulen und/oder die Haltespule entsprechend der gewünschten Schlagzahl, Schlagdauer und Schlagstärke sowie zur Umsetzung von gewünschten Bewegungsmustern (Hub des Antriebskolbens, Weg-Zeit-Verläufe etc.) erregt.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is a controller provided, the drive coil and / or the holding coil according to the desired stroke rate, stroke duration and impact strength and for the implementation of desired movement patterns (stroke of the drive piston, path-time courses, etc.) excited.

Um eine zuverlässige Ansteuerung der Antriebsspulen bzw. der Haltespule zu ermöglichen, ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn der Steuerung Informationen über die aktuelle Position des Antriebskolbens und ggf. des Schlagkolbens zugeführt werden. Für diesen Zweck kann eine Sensoreinrichtung vorgesehen werden, die die aktuelle Position des Antriebskolbens bzw. des Läufers, aber auch des Schlagkolbens im Schlagwerksgehäuse bestimmt.In order to enable a reliable control of the drive coil or the holding coil, It is particularly useful if the controller has information about supplied the current position of the drive piston and possibly the percussion piston become. For this purpose, a sensor device may be provided which the current position of the drive piston or of the rotor, but also of the percussion piston determined in the impact mechanism housing.

Alternativ dazu ist es auch möglich, dass die Steuerung die Position des Antriebskolbens bzw. des mit ihm verbundenen Läufers aufgrund eines Stromverhaltens der Antriebsspulen und/oder der Haltespule bestimmt. In dem Moment nämlich, wenn ein von einer Spule beschleunigter Läufer die Spule passiert hat, wirkt er generatorisch und erzeugt in der Spule einen Strom, der in das die Spule erregende Stromnetz zurückwirkt. Diese Rückwirkung kann von der Steuerung erfasst und ausgewertet werden.Alternatively, it is also possible for the controller to control the position of the drive piston or the associated runner due to a current behavior the drive coil and / or the holding coil determined. For the moment, When a rotor accelerated by a coil has passed the coil, it acts as a generator and generates in the coil a current which is exciting in the coil Electricity network recovers. This reaction can be detected by the controller and be evaluated.

Das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip eines Linearmotors lässt sich auf alle Arten von Luftfederschlagwerken anwenden, somit also für Rohrschlagwerke, Hohlkolbenschlagwerke oder Schlagwerke mit hohlem Schlagkolben. Die Rückbewegung des Schlagkolbens kann zusätzlich durch eine sogenannte Rückholfeder unterstützt werden, wie sie in der DE 198 43 642 A1 und der DE 198 43 644 offenbart ist. Eine Kombination der Rückholfeder mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Prinzip des mit dem Läufer gekoppelten Antriebskolbens wird ausdrücklich als Bestandteil der Erfindung angesehen.The principle of a linear motor according to the invention can be applied to all types of Apply air spring impact, so therefore for pipe impact, hollow piston impact testers or percussion with a hollow percussion piston. The return movement of the Impact piston can also be supported by a so-called return spring be as disclosed in DE 198 43 642 A1 and DE 198 43 644. A Combination of the return spring with the principle of the invention with the Runner coupled drive piston is expressly included as part of the invention considered.

Aufgrund des Wegfalls von konventionellen Antriebsprinzipien mit Motor und Kurbeltrieb ist es möglich, einen Bohr- und/oder Schlaghammer mit dem erfindungsgmäßen Luftfederschlagwerk zu bauen, dessen Außengehäuse im Wesentlichen zylindrisch ist. Damit lassen sich z. B. auch Erdbohr- bzw. Verdrängungsarbeiten einfach durchführen, da der Hammer vollständig in die Erde eindringen und einen längeren Kanal erzeugen kann ("Erdrakete").Due to the omission of conventional drive principles with engine and crank mechanism It is possible, a drill and / or percussion hammer with the erfindungsgmäßen Air spring impact mechanism to build, the outer casing is substantially cylindrical is. This can be z. B. Erdbohr- or displacement work Simply perform as the hammer completely penetrate into the ground and one longer channel can produce ("Erdrakete").

Diese und weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand eines Beispiels unter Zuhilfenahme der begleitenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in schematischer Darstellung ein erfindungsgemäßes Luftfederschlagwerk, als Rohrschlagwerk ausgeführt; und
Fig. 2
in schematischer Darstellung ein anderes erfindungsgemäßes Luftfederschlagwerk, als doppelt wirkendes Hohlkolbenschlagwerk ausgeführt.
These and other advantages and features of the invention are explained in more detail below by way of example with the aid of the accompanying figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
in a schematic representation of an inventive air spring impact mechanism, designed as a pipe impact mechanism; and
Fig. 2
in a schematic representation of another inventive air spring impact mechanism, designed as a double-acting hollow piston percussion.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein elektrodynamisches Rohrschlagwerk, mit einem zu einem Schlagwerksgehäuse gehörenden Schlagwerksrohr 1, einem in dem Schlagwerksrohr axial hin- und herbeweglichen Antriebskolben 2 und einem ebenfalls im Schlagwerksrohr 1 axial hin- und herbeweglichen Schlagkolben 3. Der Antriebskolben 2 und der Schlagkolben 3 weisen im Wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser auf. Zwischen dem Antriebskolben 2 und dem Schlagkolben 3 ist ein Hohlraum 4 ausgebildet, der eine Luftfeder 5 aufnimmt. Die Führung des langgestreckten Schlagkolbens 3 wird zusätzlich durch eine in dem Schlagwerksgehäuse vorgesehene Führung 6 unterstützt.Fig. 1 shows an electrodynamic pipe hammer mechanism, with a to a percussion gear housing belonging percussion tube 1, one in the percussion tube axially reciprocating drive piston 2 and also in the percussion tube 1 axial reciprocating piston 3. The drive piston 2 and the percussion piston 3 have substantially the same diameter. Between the drive piston 2 and the percussion piston 3, a cavity 4 is formed, which receives an air spring 5. The guide of the elongated percussion piston 3 is additionally provided by a provided in the percussion mechanism guide. 6 supported.

Um das Schlagwerksrohr 1 herum sind drei Antriebsspulen 7 angeordnet, die durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuerung in der Weise nacheinander geschaltet werden, dass sie den Antriebskolben 2 beschleunigen und hin- und herbewegen.To the percussion tube 1 around three drive coils 7 are arranged, the be switched in succession by a control, not shown, that they accelerate the drive piston 2 and reciprocate.

Aufgrund der Luftfeder 5 wird die Bewegung des Antriebskolbens 2 auf den Schlagkolben 3 übertragen, der - in Fig. 1 nach links - gegen einen Döpper 8 getrieben wird und stoßartig seine Bewegungsenergie auf den Döpper 8 und einen danach angeordneten, nicht dargestellten Werkzeugschaft überträgt. Alternativ kann der Schlagkolben 3 auch direkt gegen den Werkzeugschaft schlagen.Due to the air spring 5, the movement of the drive piston 2 on the percussion piston 3, which - in Fig. 1 to the left - driven against a striker 8 will and jerkily its momentum on the striker 8 and one after arranged, not shown tool shank transmits. Alternatively, the Also hit the striking piston 3 directly against the tool shank.

Um einen optimalen magnetischen Fluss und damit eine hohe magnetische Wirksamkeit der Antriebsspulen 7 auf den Antriebskolben 2 zu erhalten, trägt der Antriebskolben 2 einen Läufer 9, der Bestandteil eines aus dem Läufer 9 und den Antriebsspulen 7 gebildeten Linearmotors ist. Der Läufer 9 ist - wie schematisch in Fig. 1 gezeigt - vorzugsweise geblecht ausgeführt, d. h. er besteht aus mehreren Schichten eines geeigneten Elektroblechs.For an optimal magnetic flux and thus a high magnetic efficiency to obtain the drive coil 7 on the drive piston 2, carries the drive piston 2 a rotor 9, the part of one of the rotor 9 and the drive coils 7 formed linear motor is. The rotor 9 is - as shown schematically in Fig. 1 shown - preferably executed laminated, d. H. it consists of several Layers of a suitable electric sheet.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Läufer 9 bildet somit fast vollständig auch den Antriebskolben 2.The rotor 9 shown in Fig. 1 thus almost completely forms the drive piston Second

In Schlagrichtung gesehen hinter den Antriebsspulen 7 ist eine Haltespule 10 angeordnet, die zum Halten des Läufers 9 und damit des Antriebskolbens 2 in einer Referenzposition dient. Diese Referenzposition kann gleichzeitig auch die Leerlaufstellung sein, in der der Antriebskolben 2 bei Unterbrechung der Arbeit gehalten wird. Da die Haltespule 10 lediglich Haltearbeit, nicht jedoch Beschleunigungsarbeit leisten muss, kann sie mit kleineren Dimensionen ausgeführt werden.As seen in the direction of impact behind the drive coils 7, a holding coil 10 is arranged, that for holding the rotor 9 and thus the drive piston 2 in a reference position serves. This reference position can simultaneously also the idle position be in which the drive piston 2 is held when interrupting work. Since the holding coil 10 only make work, but not perform acceleration work must, it can be done with smaller dimensions.

Zur Optimierung der Ansteuerung der Antriebsspulen 7 ist es darüber hinaus zweckmäßig, am oder im Schlagwerksrohr 1 einen oder mehrere Sensoren vorzusehen, die die exakte Position des Antriebskolbens 2 bzw. des Läufers 9 ermitteln. Sobald nämlich der Läufer 9 mit seiner Mitte über die Mitte einer entsprechenden Antriebsspule 7 hinausbewegt wird, wirkt er generatorisch, so dass Ströme in das die jeweilige Antriebsspule 7 speisende Netz zurückströmen. Ein gegebenenfalls unerwünschtes Abbremsen des Antriebskolbens 2 wäre die Folge, was durch Abschalten der betreffenden Antriebsspule 7 durch die Steuerung verhindert werden kann.To optimize the control of the drive coils 7, it is beyond expedient to provide one or more sensors on or in percussion tube 1, determine the exact position of the drive piston 2 and the rotor 9. As soon as namely the rotor 9 with its center over the center of a corresponding drive coil 7 is moved, it acts as a generator, so that flows into the respective drive coil 7 back flow feeding network. An optionally undesirable Deceleration of the drive piston 2 would be the result, which by switching off the relevant drive coil 7 can be prevented by the controller.

Alternativ dazu ist es auch möglich, das Stromverhalten der Antriebsspulen 7 auszuwerten, um die jeweilige Stellung des Antriebskolbens 2 und die daraus resultierenden Steuerungsmaßnahmen für die Antriebsspulen 7 zu ermitteln.Alternatively, it is also possible to evaluate the current behavior of the drive coils 7, to the respective position of the drive piston 2 and the resulting Control measures for the drive coils 7 to determine.

Fig. 2 zeigt als zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein doppelt wirkendes Hohlkolbenschlagwerk. Soweit gleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile wie in Fig. 1 verwendet werden, werden die gleichen Bezugszeichen eingesetzt.Fig. 2 shows as a second embodiment of the invention, a double-acting hollow piston impactor. As far as the same or similar components as used in Fig. 1 are the same reference numerals are used.

Der Schlagkolben 3 ist - im Unterschied zu Fig. 1 - nicht im Schlagwerksrohr 1 bewegbar, sondern in einer hohlen Ausnehmung eines als Hohlkolben ausgeführten Antriebskolbens 20. Der Antriebskolben 20 umschließt den Schlagkolben 3 derart, dass - in Schlagrichtung gesehen - hinter einem Kolbenkopf 3a des Schlagkolbens 3 ein Hohlraum mit einer ersten Luftfeder 21 und vor dem Kolbenkopf 3a eine zweite Luftfeder 22 ausgebildet ist. Ein Schaft 3b des Schlagkolbens 3 durchdringt die Stirnseite des Antriebskolbens 20 und erstreckt sich über eine größere Länge. Der Schaft 3b ist dazu ausgebildet, auf dem Döpper 8 aufzuschlagen.The percussion piston 3 is - in contrast to Fig. 1 - not in the percussion tube 1 movable, but in a hollow recess of a designed as a hollow piston Drive piston 20. The drive piston 20 surrounds the percussion piston 3 in such a way that - seen in the direction of impact - behind a piston head 3a of the percussion piston 3 a cavity with a first air spring 21 and in front of the piston head 3a a second Air spring 22 is formed. A shaft 3b of the percussion piston 3 penetrates the End face of the drive piston 20 and extends over a greater length. Of the Shaft 3b is adapted to strike on the striker 8.

Die beiden Luftfedern 21 und 22 ermöglichen einen besonders zuverlässigen und konstanten Schlag sowie nach erfolgtem Schlag eine gleichmäßige Rückholung des Schlagkolbens 3 unter allen Rückstoßbedingungen und in verschiedenen Höhenlagen.The two air springs 21 and 22 allow a particularly reliable and constant impact and after the strike a steady retrieval of the Piston 3 under all recoil conditions and at different altitudes.

Der Antriebskolben 20 ist mit einem Läufer 23 einstückig verbunden, wobei der Läufer 23 in der bereits in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 beschriebenen Weise durch die Antriebsspulen 7 bewegt bzw. die Haltespule 10 gehalten wird.The drive piston 20 is integrally connected to a rotor 23, wherein the Runners 23 in the manner already described in connection with FIG. 1 by the drive coils 7 moves or the holding coil 10 is held.

Claims (14)

  1. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism, having
    a percussion mechanism housing (1),
    a drive piston (2; 20) which can be moved in a reciprocating manner in the percussion mechanism housing (1),
    a percussion piston (3), and having
    a pneumatic spring (5; 21) which is formed in a cavity (4) between the drive piston (2) and the percussion piston (3) and by way of which the movement of the drive piston (2; 20) can be transferred to the percussion piston (3),
    characterised in that the drive piston (2; 20) can be driven by means of an electrodynamic linear drive and is connected to an armature (9) of the linear drive.
  2. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the drive piston (2; 20) supports the armature (9) or is formed substantially completely by the armature (9).
  3. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the armature (9) is laminated.
  4. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the linear drive is a switched reluctance motor.
  5. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that one or several drive coils (7) of the linear drive are disposed in the percussion mechanism housing (1) within the range of movement of the armature (9).
  6. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that in addition to the drive coils (7), a holding coil (10) is provided for holding the armature (9) in a reference position.
  7. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the drive coils (7) and/or the holding coil (10) can be actuated by means of a controller at least in terms of the duration and the extent to which they are excited electrically, and for the adjustment of a no-load operation.
  8. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that a sensor device is provided for the purpose of determining a position of the armature (9), the drive piston (2; 20) and/or the percussion piston (3).
  9. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 7 or 8, characterised in that a position of the armature (9) can be determined by the controller on the basis of a current behaviour of the drive coils (7) and/or the holding coil (10).
  10. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the percussion piston (3) and the drive piston (2) have substantially the same diameter and can be moved in a percussion mechanism pipe which is associated with the percussion mechanism housing (1).
  11. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the drive piston (20) comprises a hollow recess, in which the percussion piston (3) can be moved.
  12. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that as seen in the percussion direction, the drive piston (20) surrounds the percussion piston (3) in front of and behind the percussion piston (3) such that the pneumatic spring (21) is disposed behind the percussion piston (3) and that in front of the percussion piston (3) a second pneumatic spring (22) can be formed between the drive piston (20) and the percussion piston (3).
  13. Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the percussion piston comprises on an end side a hollow recess, in which the drive piston can be moved, wherein the armature, which is connected to the drive piston, outside the percussion piston can be moved in the percussion mechanism housing.
  14. Hammer drill and/or percussion hammer having a pneumatic spring percussion mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that an outer housing of the hammer drill and/or percussion hammer is substantially cylindrical.
EP03704432A 2002-02-06 2003-01-20 Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism with an electro-dynamically actuated driving piston Expired - Lifetime EP1472050B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10204861A DE10204861B4 (en) 2002-02-06 2002-02-06 Air spring hammer mechanism with electrodynamically driven drive piston
DE10204861 2002-02-06
PCT/EP2003/000507 WO2003066286A1 (en) 2002-02-06 2003-01-20 Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism with an electro-dynamically actuated driving piston

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EP1472050A1 EP1472050A1 (en) 2004-11-03
EP1472050B1 true EP1472050B1 (en) 2005-08-03

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EP03704432A Expired - Lifetime EP1472050B1 (en) 2002-02-06 2003-01-20 Pneumatic spring percussion mechanism with an electro-dynamically actuated driving piston

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US (1) US7025183B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1472050B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005516783A (en)
CN (1) CN1301827C (en)
DE (2) DE10204861B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2243888T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003066286A1 (en)

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DE50300909D1 (en) 2005-09-08
DE10204861A1 (en) 2003-08-21
US7025183B2 (en) 2006-04-11
CN1625458A (en) 2005-06-08
US20050076517A1 (en) 2005-04-14
WO2003066286A1 (en) 2003-08-14
CN1301827C (en) 2007-02-28
EP1472050A1 (en) 2004-11-03
ES2243888T3 (en) 2005-12-01
DE10204861B4 (en) 2004-01-29
JP2005516783A (en) 2005-06-09

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