EP1467011A1 - Apparatus for the manufacturing of an airlaid nonwoven web, having degressive suction means - Google Patents

Apparatus for the manufacturing of an airlaid nonwoven web, having degressive suction means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1467011A1
EP1467011A1 EP04370008A EP04370008A EP1467011A1 EP 1467011 A1 EP1467011 A1 EP 1467011A1 EP 04370008 A EP04370008 A EP 04370008A EP 04370008 A EP04370008 A EP 04370008A EP 1467011 A1 EP1467011 A1 EP 1467011A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
machine according
nonwoven
downstream
dispersion chamber
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Granted
Application number
EP04370008A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1467011B1 (en
Inventor
Xavier Catry
Christian Vanbeselaere
Marc Brabant
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Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Thibeau SA
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D01G15/12—Details
    • D01G15/46—Doffing or like arrangements for removing fibres from carding elements; Web-dividing apparatus; Condensers
    • D01G15/465—Doffing arrangements for removing fibres using, or cooperating with, pneumatic means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/736—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of manufacturing of an air-woven nonwoven designated under the name "airlay” technique. It relates more particularly to a machine improvement for the formation of a nonwoven by airway which significantly increases the production speed, without prejudice to the quality of the nonwoven form.
  • the "airlay” technique is essentially characterized by the dispersion in a room and the projection on a surface of mobile reception, of individual fibers by means of an air flow high speed, said receiving surface being breathable and allowing the formation and transport of the nonwoven.
  • non-woven the veil of fibers formed by the "airlay” technique, even if this veil has not undergone special binding treatment.
  • the means which are capable of creating inside the dispersion chamber an air flow allowing scatter the fibers inside the chamber and project them onto the training and transport surface consist in particular of suction means arranged below the forming surface and for transporting the nonwoven, which is breathable.
  • downstream wall of the dispersion is a plate whose lower edge is applied to the surface of the nonwoven leaving said chamber, the box of suction being arranged over the entire surface which extends vertically from the bottom edge of the upstream wall and the bottom edge of the wall downstream of the dispersion chamber.
  • Upstream and downstream are defined in relation to the direction of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven.
  • the contact of the lower edge of the wall downstream of the dispersion chamber with the surface fibers of the nonwoven generates friction which is likely to cause irregularities on the nonwoven fabric, especially since the speed of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven is important.
  • the front wall of the dispersion is porous in its lower part, said lower part having preferably a curved profile substantially in an arc.
  • the sheet thin microperforated which constitutes the lower part of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber exerts a weak force on the nonwoven compression which compresses it slightly. This provision prevents the suction flow created by the suction box does not generate an incoming air flow which would enter the interior of the dispersion passing between the lower edge of the downstream wall and the strand the upper surface of the formation and transport of the nonwoven, a such air flow being detrimental to the quality of said nonwoven.
  • the low, porous part of the front wall of the dispersion chamber can also be constituted by a porous rotary cylinder, in particular a microperforated cylinder.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to avoid friction, when the cylinder is driven at a peripheral speed which is equal to the speed of movement of the formation surface and transport of the nonwoven.
  • the present invention aims to provide a machine for the formation of an aeraulic nonwoven, which overcomes the disadvantages of the aforementioned known machines.
  • said means are suitable for carrying out aspiration in an area - called suction area - from the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven which extends under the dispersion chamber and downstream of it, with a decrease in the suction speed between upstream and downstream of said area.
  • the downstream wall of the dispersion is a plate whose lower edge delimits, with the strand the upper surface of the formation and transport of the nonwoven, a passage space whose height is greater than the thickness of the nonwoven leaving the dispersion chamber.
  • the downstream wall of the chamber dispersion is a rotary cylinder, preferably porous or perforated.
  • This variant is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to compress the veil of fibers, to evacuate the air contained between the fibers.
  • the suction means are consist of a single suction box, in which the conditions suction are decreasing from upstream to downstream of the area suction.
  • the suction means are consisting of a multi-stage suction box, each stage having separate suction conditions.
  • a first stage with the highest suction speed V1 is arranged under the dispersion chamber in a main section of the suction zone extending up to a distance d - preferably from 5 to 20 mm, for example 10 mm - plumb from the bottom edge of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber and at least one second stage, developing a suction speed V2 lower than V1, extends downstream of the first floor on a secondary section of the area suction.
  • the speed is not uniform over the entire length of the chamber suction speed, the highest suction speed in the section main, located upstream of the suction zone, which corresponds to the first suction stage while lower in the section secondary of the suction zone which extends beyond the first floor, especially over distance d.
  • the machine in the secondary section of the suction zone, has a single second stage in which the suction speed gradually decreases, from upstream downstream of said secondary section.
  • the machine in the secondary section of the suction zone, has a plurality N of seconds successive stages.
  • the suction speed can be constant in each of these N second stages or may be decreasing progressive from upstream to downstream of said floor.
  • the machine in the secondary section, has a pressure roller, preferably porous or perforated, arranged transversely above the transport surface nonwoven, suitable for applying to the veil of fibers beyond the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber.
  • the pressure roller is arranged directly above a partition separating two second floors in the secondary section.
  • a machine for manufacturing a nonwoven by air comprises a conveyor implementing a 1 porous conveyor belt which is tensioned on drive rollers.
  • the upper strand 1a of this conveyor belt 1 which in the examples illustrated is substantially horizontal, is driven at a constant speed predetermined in the direction of transport indicated by arrow F.
  • This upper strand 1a of the conveyor belt 1 forms a surface breathable, which allows both the formation and transport of nonwoven.
  • This machine also includes a chamber 2 of dispersion of the fibers, which overcomes the upper strand 1a of the strip conveyor 1 and which extends over the entire width of this upper strand 1a.
  • This dispersion chamber 2 has an upstream wall 3 and a downstream wall 4, which extend transversely to the direction of movement F of the conveyor belt 1, as well as two walls longitudinal connecting the two upstream 3 and downstream 4 walls, which longitudinal walls extend parallel to the direction of displacement F.
  • the lower edges of the upstream 3 and longitudinal walls are flush with the upper strand 1a of the strip conveyor 1, possibly being provided with a seal 5 bearing on said upper strand 1a.
  • a suction box which is able to create an air flow inside the dispersion chamber 2 7, symbolized by arrows, used to disperse the fibers (not shown) inside said chamber 2 and project them onto the upper strand 1a.
  • an injection of air through the upper opening of the dispersion chamber can help the dispersion of fibers.
  • the box 6 extends, under the strand upper 1a, on a suction zone 9, which zone 9 occupies, in width, the width at least of the dispersion chamber 2 and in length a distance D which is greater than the length L of the dispersion chamber 2.
  • the suction conditions used in the box 6 are such that the suction speed - measured in the box 6 - in the downstream part 9a of the suction zone 9 is lower than the suction speed in the upstream part 9b of the zone suction 9.
  • the box 6 is a multi-stage box, comprising a first floor 10 which extends under a so-called main section of the area suction 9, this main section 9c extending in length over a distance 1 which is less than the length L of the suction zone 9 surmounted by the dispersion chamber 2.
  • this main section 9c extends from substantially the lower edge 11 of the upstream wall 3 of the chamber dispersion 2 (or slightly downstream thereof) to a distance d from plumb with the lower edge 12 of the downstream wall 4 of the dispersion chamber 2.
  • the suction speed V1 is generated at the first stage 10 and uniform over the entire length 1 of said stage 10.
  • the suction box 6 has a second stage 13 which covers the secondary section 9d of the suction zone, which goes beyond the main section 9c previously defined.
  • the conditions used are such that the speed suction gradually decreases over the entire length of the secondary section 9d from the entrance to the exit thereof, as illustrated in Figure 1 by the continuous decrease in arrows V2, symbolizing the suction speed in said section secondary 9d.
  • the secondary section 9d is divided into five sub-sections 9d 1 , 9d 2 , 9d 3 , 9d 4 , 9d 5 from upstream to downstream of said secondary section 9d.
  • the suction speed V3 is constant. This speed V3 decreases from one section to another from upstream to downstream of said secondary section 9d.
  • Each sub-section 9d 1 to 9d 5 corresponds to a stage 14 to 18 of the suction box 6.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in FIG. 4 is a combination of the second and third examples previously described, the suction speed V5 gradually decreasing in some stages 14, 16 and 18 while it remains constant in certain others 15, 17.
  • the suction box 6 has three stages, namely the first stage 10 which corresponds to the main section 9c of the suction zone 9 and two successive second stages 14 and 15 which correspond to the sub-sections 9d 1 and 9d 2 of the secondary section 9d of the suction zone 9.
  • This number of stages is not exclusive, and can be greater as in the example illustrated in FIG. 2, but it can also be two .
  • the fibers are ejected individually to inside the dispersion chamber 2, are dispersed by the flow of air over the entire horizontal section of said chamber 2 and are projected onto the upper strand 1 a of the conveyor belt 1. Because of the accumulation of fibers on the upper strand 1a during the movement of the conveyor belt 1, a nonwoven is thus formed 13 which is conveyed to the outside of the dispersion chamber 2 passing to the right of the downstream wall 4 of said chamber 2, which in the example illustrated is a plate.
  • the spacing e between the edge lower 12 of said downstream wall 4 and the upper strand 1a is determined so that this spacing is greater than the thickness of the nonwoven formed in the dispersion chamber 2, as it stands when it leaves said chamber 2.
  • This spacing e depends on the grammage of the nonwoven. It is preferably from 5 to 50 mm, for example of 30 mm.
  • the air flow that moves the fibers inside the chamber dispersion 2 is created in particular by the suction box 6, more precisely by the suction generated by the section portion suction 9 which is located to the right of the dispersion chamber 2.
  • Other complementary means could be implemented, for example example an air injection at the top of the dispersion chamber 2, in order to help the spotting of the fibers of the cylinder 8.
  • the nonwoven is somehow supported by the second stage 14 of the suction box 6 in which the speed suction V2 is lower than the speed V1 of the first stage.
  • This management takes place while the nonwoven 13 is still inside the dispersion chamber 2, over the distance d then then that the nonwoven 13 has come out of the dispersion chamber 2.
  • This outlet in charge which continues at the level of the second stage 14 of the box suction 6 allows that there are no disturbances caused by the passage of the nonwoven under the lower edge 12 of the downstream upright 4 of the dispersion chamber 2 since we observe substantially the same air flow regime on either side of this downstream amount 4.
  • FIG. 5 there is a pressure roller 20 which is perpendicular to the partition 21 which separates the two successive stages 14, 15 of the secondary section 9a.
  • This roller presser 20 is mounted transversely above the upper strand 1a of the conveyor belt 1, applying to the nonwoven 13.
  • the distance T between the vertical passing through the lower edge 12 of the wall downstream 4 and the vertical tangent to the rear of the roller 20 is, from preferably relatively small, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the dispersion 2 has a length L of the order of 60 mm, that of the section main 9c of the order of 50 mm and that of the first stage 9d, of the secondary section of the order of 80 mm.
  • the distance T is of the order of 20 mm for a roller 20 having a diameter of the order of 100 mm.
  • the nonwoven is then taken care of by the suction created by the next second stage 15 of the suction box 6, of which the suction speed V3 is lower than the suction speed V2 of the second stage 14.
  • this support can be carried out successively with other second stages 16 to 18 until there is no longer any suction at all beyond the box 6.
  • This gradual reduction (by stages in the present example) of the suction in the secondary zone 9d allows there to be a gradual loosening of the fibers of the nonwoven 13, under the effect of said aspiration. This is what makes it possible to obtain the desired result, namely the production of a particularly homogeneous nonwoven, in good industrial conditions, at high speed.
  • the suction speed V1 at the main section 9c of the suction zone 9 was of the order of 30 to 90 m / s.
  • the suction speeds of the five second stages located at the secondary section 9d of the suction zone 9 were respectively equal to or of the order of 0.8 V, 0.6 V, 0.4 V and 0.2 V, knowing that V being the speed of the most upstream first stage and had a value itself less than V 1 , for example 0.8 V 1 .
  • the first stage at speed V1 of the suction box was equipped with its own fan, while for the five second stages, a single fan made it possible to obtain this gradual reduction in suction speed thanks to the use of sheets. perforated.
  • the present invention is however not limited to the modes of which have been described by way of non-exhaustive examples.
  • All appropriate means can be used to obtain the suction speeds in the suction box, whether from a single fan or a plurality of fans, and from additional elements capable of reducing the suction speed possibly gradually, from upstream to downstream of the suction area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The machine consists of an air permeable forming and transporting surface (1) for the non-woven fabric, a dispersion chamber (2) above it fed with fibres from a cylinder (8), and a suction system (6) beneath the surface to draw the fibres onto it. The suction system is designed to create a suction zone (9) that covers the area of the dispersion chamber and extending beyond it, with the speed of suction reducing from the beginning to the end of the zone. The downstream wall of the dispersion chamber is in the form of a panel (4) with its lower edge (12), which can be in the form of a rotary porous cylinder, set above the forming and transporting surface at a height greater than the thickness of the non-woven material leaving the chamber. The suction system comprises a single housing with stages (10, 14, 15) in which the degree of suction varies from one end to the other.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la fabrication d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique désigné sous l'appellation technique « airlay ». Elle concerne plus particulièrement un perfectionnement à une machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique qui permet d'augmenter de manière significative la vitesse de production, sans préjudice pour la qualité du non-tissé formé.The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing of an air-woven nonwoven designated under the name "airlay" technique. It relates more particularly to a machine improvement for the formation of a nonwoven by airway which significantly increases the production speed, without prejudice to the quality of the nonwoven form.

La technique « airlay » se caractérise essentiellement par la dispersion dans une chambre et la projection sur une surface de réception mobile, de fibres individuelles au moyen d'un flux d'air haute vitesse, ladite surface de réception étant perméable à l'air et permettant la formation et le transport du non-tissé. On désigne dans le présent texte par le terme « non-tissé » le voile de fibres formé par la technique « airlay », quand bien même ce voile n'a pas subi de traitement particulier de liage.The "airlay" technique is essentially characterized by the dispersion in a room and the projection on a surface of mobile reception, of individual fibers by means of an air flow high speed, said receiving surface being breathable and allowing the formation and transport of the nonwoven. We designate in the present text by the term "non-woven" the veil of fibers formed by the "airlay" technique, even if this veil has not undergone special binding treatment.

Une telle technique « airlay » est connue notamment par les documents US 4 097 965, EP 0 093 585 et FR 2 824 082.Such an “airlay” technique is known in particular from documents US 4,097,965, EP 0 093 585 and FR 2 824 082.

Dans ces trois documents, les moyens qui sont aptes à créer à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion un flux d'air permettant de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de formation et de transport consistent notamment en des moyens d'aspiration disposés en-dessous de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air.In these three documents, the means which are capable of creating inside the dispersion chamber an air flow allowing scatter the fibers inside the chamber and project them onto the training and transport surface consist in particular of suction means arranged below the forming surface and for transporting the nonwoven, which is breathable.

Dans le document US 4 097 965, la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion est une plaque dont le bord inférieur vient s'appliquer sur la surface du non-tissé sortant de ladite chambre, le caisson d'aspiration étant disposé sur toute la surface qui s'étend à l'aplomb du bord inférieur de la paroi amont et le bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion. Dans le présent texte, les termes « amont » et « aval » sont définis par rapport à la direction de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé.In document US 4,097,965, the downstream wall of the dispersion is a plate whose lower edge is applied to the surface of the nonwoven leaving said chamber, the box of suction being arranged over the entire surface which extends vertically from the bottom edge of the upstream wall and the bottom edge of the wall downstream of the dispersion chamber. In this text, the terms "Upstream" and "downstream" are defined in relation to the direction of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven.

Selon le demandeur, le contact du bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion avec les fibres de surface du non-tissé génère des frottements qui sont susceptibles de provoquer des irrégularités sur le non-tissé et ce d'autant plus que la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé est importante.According to the applicant, the contact of the lower edge of the wall downstream of the dispersion chamber with the surface fibers of the nonwoven generates friction which is likely to cause irregularities on the nonwoven fabric, especially since the speed of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven is important.

Dans le document EP 0 093 585, on a disposé en sortie de la chambre de dispersion un cylindre transversal qui est entraíné en rotation dans le sens de déplacement du non-tissé. La rotation de ce cylindre qui constitue en quelque sorte le bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion permet de limiter les frottements et donc d'accompagner les fibres de surface du non-tissé lors de la sortie de la chambre de dispersion. Cependant, selon le demandeur, si l'on augmente la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, et donc corrélativement la vitesse de rotation du cylindre transversal, il se crée des flux d'air parasites qui perturbent l'homogénéité du non-tissé lors de son passage sous le cylindre transversal.In document EP 0 093 585, the outlet of the dispersion chamber a transverse cylinder which is driven in rotation in the direction of movement of the nonwoven. The rotation of this cylinder which constitutes in a way the lower edge of the wall downstream of the dispersion chamber makes it possible to limit friction and therefore to accompany the surface fibers of the nonwoven during the exit of the dispersion chamber. However, according to the applicant, if one increases the speed of movement of the forming surface and transport of the nonwoven, and therefore correlatively the speed of rotation from the transverse cylinder, parasitic air flows are created which disturb the homogeneity of the nonwoven during its passage under the cylinder transverse.

Dans le document FR 2 824 082, la paroi avant de la chambre de dispersion est poreuse dans sa partie basse, ladite partie basse ayant de préférence un profil courbe sensiblement en arc de cercle. On évite ainsi la création des flux d'air parasites provoqués par la rotation rapide du cylindre transversal. Cependant, en fonctionnement, la tôle mince microperforée qui constitue la partie basse de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion exerce sur le non-tissé une faible force de compression qui le comprime légèrement. Cette disposition évite que le flux d'aspiration créé par la boíte d'aspiration ne vienne engendrer un flux d'air entrant qui pénétrerait à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion en passant entre le bord inférieur de la paroi aval et le brin supérieur de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, un tel flux d'air étant préjudiciable à la qualité dudit non-tissé.In document FR 2 824 082, the front wall of the dispersion is porous in its lower part, said lower part having preferably a curved profile substantially in an arc. We avoid thus creating parasitic air flows caused by rotation rapid cross cylinder. However, in operation, the sheet thin microperforated which constitutes the lower part of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber exerts a weak force on the nonwoven compression which compresses it slightly. This provision prevents the suction flow created by the suction box does not generate an incoming air flow which would enter the interior of the dispersion passing between the lower edge of the downstream wall and the strand the upper surface of the formation and transport of the nonwoven, a such air flow being detrimental to the quality of said nonwoven.

Cependant, selon le demandeur, ce contact entre la tôle mince microperforée et les fibres de surface du non-tissé en sortie de la chambre de dispersion provoque des frottements susceptibles de déformer le non-tissé et de créer des irrégularités sur celui-ci et ce d'autant plus que la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé est élevée.However, according to the applicant, this contact between the thin sheet microperforated and the surface fibers of the nonwoven leaving the dispersion chamber causes friction likely to deform the nonwoven and create irregularities thereon and this especially since the speed of movement of the formation surface and transport of the nonwoven is high.

Dans le document FR. 2.824.082, la partie basse, poreuse, de la paroi avant de la chambre de dispersion peut aussi être constituée par un cylindre rotatif poreux , notamment un cylindre microperforé. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'éviter les frottements , lorsque le cylindre est entraíné à une vitesse périphérique qui est égale à la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé. Cependant il peut subsister des jeux d'air parasites , même s'il sont moins importants que dans le document EP.0.093.585.In document FR. 2,824,082, the low, porous part of the front wall of the dispersion chamber can also be constituted by a porous rotary cylinder, in particular a microperforated cylinder. This embodiment makes it possible to avoid friction, when the cylinder is driven at a peripheral speed which is equal to the speed of movement of the formation surface and transport of the nonwoven. However, there may still be parasitic air play, even if they are less important than in document EP.0.093.585.

La présente invention vise à proposer une machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique, qui pallie les inconvénients des machines connues précitées.The present invention aims to provide a machine for the formation of an aeraulic nonwoven, which overcomes the disadvantages of the aforementioned known machines.

Cet objectif est atteint par la machine de l'invention qui, de manière connue, notamment par le document US 4 097 965, comporte :

  • une surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air,
  • une chambre de dispersion surmontant la surface de formation et de transport,
  • des moyens permettant d'alimenter la chambre de dispersion avec des fibres destinées à former le non-tissé,
  • des moyens, notamment des moyens d'aspiration disposés sous la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, qui sont aptes à créer, à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion, un flux d'air permettant de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de formation et de transport.
This objective is achieved by the machine of the invention which, in a known manner, in particular by document US 4,097,965, comprises:
  • a nonwoven formation and transport surface which is breathable,
  • a dispersion chamber surmounting the formation and transport surface,
  • means making it possible to supply the dispersion chamber with fibers intended to form the nonwoven,
  • means, in particular suction means arranged under the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven, which are capable of creating, inside the dispersion chamber, an air flow making it possible to disperse the fibers to inside the chamber and project them onto the training and transport surface.

De manière caractéristique, selon l'invention, lesdits moyens d'aspiration sont aptes à réaliser une aspiration dans une zone - dite zone d'aspiration - de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé qui s'étend sous la chambre de dispersion et en aval de celle-ci, avec une diminution de la vitesse d'aspiration entre l'amont et l'aval de ladite zone.Typically, according to the invention, said means are suitable for carrying out aspiration in an area - called suction area - from the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven which extends under the dispersion chamber and downstream of it, with a decrease in the suction speed between upstream and downstream of said area.

Ainsi, grâce à l'aspiration disposée non seulement sous la chambre de dispersion mais également en aval de celle-ci, avec une vitesse d'aspiration qui diminue depuis l'amont vers l'aval, on contrôle parfaitement le flux d'aspiration, y compris les éventuels flux parasites, en sorte d'obtenir un non-tissé parfaitement régulier même à grande vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport dudit non-tissé.Thus, thanks to the suction arranged not only under the dispersion chamber but also downstream of it, with a suction speed which decreases from upstream to downstream, we control the suction flow perfectly, including any parasitic flows, so as to obtain a perfectly regular nonwoven even at large speed of movement of the formation and transport surface of said nonwoven.

Selon une variante de réalisation, la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion est une plaque dont le bord inférieur délimite , avec le brin supérieur de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, un espace de passage dont la hauteur est supérieure à l'épaisseur du non-tissé sortant de la chambre de dispersion.According to an alternative embodiment, the downstream wall of the dispersion is a plate whose lower edge delimits, with the strand the upper surface of the formation and transport of the nonwoven, a passage space whose height is greater than the thickness of the nonwoven leaving the dispersion chamber.

Ainsi , selon cette disposition particulière, il n'y a plus aucune pièce qui vient en contact avec le non-tissé lors de sa sortie de la chambre de dispersion.So according to this particular provision, there is no longer any piece that comes into contact with the nonwoven when it comes out of the dispersion chamber.

Selon une variante de réalisation , la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion est un cylindre rotatif, de préférence poreux ou perforé. Cette variante est notamment intéressante lorsqu'il est nécessaire de comprimer le voile de fibres , pour évacuer l'air contenu entre les fibres. According to an alternative embodiment, the downstream wall of the chamber dispersion is a rotary cylinder, preferably porous or perforated. This variant is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to compress the veil of fibers, to evacuate the air contained between the fibers.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les moyens d'aspiration sont constitués d'un caisson d'aspiration unique , dans lequel les conditions d'aspiration sont dégressives depuis l'amont vers l'aval de la zone d'aspiration.According to an alternative embodiment, the suction means are consist of a single suction box, in which the conditions suction are decreasing from upstream to downstream of the area suction.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les moyens d'aspiration sont constitués d'un caisson d'aspiration à multi-étages, chaque étage ayant des conditions d'aspiration distinctes.According to an alternative embodiment, the suction means are consisting of a multi-stage suction box, each stage having separate suction conditions.

De préférence, selon cette dernière variante de réalisation, un premier étage ayant la vitesse d'aspiration V1 la plus élevée est disposé sous la chambre de dispersion dans une section principale de la zone d'aspiration s'étendant jusqu'à une distance d ― de préférence de 5 à 20 mm, par exemple de 10 mm - de l'aplomb du bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion et au moins un second étage, développant une vitesse d'aspiration V2 inférieure à V1, s'étend en aval du premier étage sur une section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration. Ainsi, dans cette configuration particulière, la vitesse d'aspiration n'est pas uniforme sur toute la longueur de la chambre d'aspiration, la vitesse d'aspiration étant la plus élevée dans la section principale, située à l'amont de la zone d'aspiration, qui correspond au premier étage d'aspiration tandis qu'elle est plus basse dans la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration qui s'étend au-delà du premier étage, notamment sur la distance d.Preferably, according to this latter variant, a first stage with the highest suction speed V1 is arranged under the dispersion chamber in a main section of the suction zone extending up to a distance d - preferably from 5 to 20 mm, for example 10 mm - plumb from the bottom edge of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber and at least one second stage, developing a suction speed V2 lower than V1, extends downstream of the first floor on a secondary section of the area suction. So in this particular configuration, the speed is not uniform over the entire length of the chamber suction speed, the highest suction speed in the section main, located upstream of the suction zone, which corresponds to the first suction stage while lower in the section secondary of the suction zone which extends beyond the first floor, especially over distance d.

Dans un mode de réalisation, dans la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration, la machine comporte un seul second étage dans lequel la vitesse d'aspiration diminue progressivement, depuis l'amont jusqu'à l'aval de ladite section secondaire.In one embodiment, in the secondary section of the suction zone, the machine has a single second stage in which the suction speed gradually decreases, from upstream downstream of said secondary section.

Dans un mode de réalisation, dans la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration, la machine comporte une pluralité N de seconds étages successifs. La vitesse d'aspiration peut être constante dans chacun de ces N seconds étages ou peut être en diminution progressive de l'amont vers l'aval dudit étage. In one embodiment, in the secondary section of the suction zone, the machine has a plurality N of seconds successive stages. The suction speed can be constant in each of these N second stages or may be decreasing progressive from upstream to downstream of said floor.

Dans une variante de réalisation, dans la section secondaire, la machine comporte un rouleau presseur, de préférence poreux ou perforé, disposé transversalement au-dessus de la surface de transport du non-tissé, apte à s'appliquer sur le voile de fibres au-delà de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion.In an alternative embodiment, in the secondary section, the machine has a pressure roller, preferably porous or perforated, arranged transversely above the transport surface nonwoven, suitable for applying to the veil of fibers beyond the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber.

De préférence, le rouleau presseur est disposé à l'aplomb d'une cloison séparant deux seconds étages dans la section secondaire.Preferably, the pressure roller is arranged directly above a partition separating two second floors in the secondary section.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après de différentes variantes de réalisation d'une machine de formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique, laquelle description est donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 4 sont des représentations très schématiques illustrant le principe de fonctionnement de la machine selon quatre variantes, à savoir :
    • une première variante (figure 1) selon laquelle la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration développe une vitesse d'aspiration continûment dégressive de l'amont vers l'aval,
    • une seconde variante de réalisation (figure 2) dans laquelle la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration comporte cinq étages dans lesquels la vitesse d'aspiration est constante,
    • une troisième variante de réalisation (figure 3) dans laquelle la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration comporte cinq étages dans lesquels la vitesse d'aspiration est elle-même dégressive et,
    • une quatrième variante de réalisation (figure 4) dans laquelle la section secondaire de la zone d'aspiration comporte cinq étages d'aspiration, certains ayant une vitesse d'aspiration constante et d'autres ayant une vitesse d'aspiration dégressive,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale simplifiée d'une machine de fabrication d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique dont le fonctionnement est basé sur la seconde variante de réalisation illustrée à la figure 2.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below of various alternative embodiments of a machine for forming a nonwoven by air, which description is given by way of example non-limiting and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figures 1 to 4 are very schematic representations illustrating the principle of operation of the machine according to four variants, namely:
    • a first variant (FIG. 1) according to which the secondary section of the suction zone develops a continuously decreasing suction speed from upstream to downstream,
    • a second alternative embodiment (FIG. 2) in which the secondary section of the suction zone comprises five stages in which the suction speed is constant,
    • a third alternative embodiment (FIG. 3) in which the secondary section of the suction zone comprises five stages in which the suction speed is itself decreasing and,
    • a fourth alternative embodiment (FIG. 4) in which the secondary section of the suction zone comprises five suction stages, some having a constant suction speed and others having a degressive suction speed,
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a machine for manufacturing a nonwoven by air, the operation of which is based on the second variant embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2.

De manière connue, une machine de fabrication d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique comprend un convoyeur mettant en oeuvre une bande transporteuse 1 poreuse qui est montée tendue sur des rouleaux d'entraínement. En fonctionnement, le brin supérieur 1a de cette bande transporteuse 1, qui dans les exemples illustrés est sensiblement horizontal, est entraíné à une vitesse constante prédéterminée dans le sens de transport indiqué par la flèche F. Ce brin supérieur 1a de la bande transporteuse 1 forme une surface perméable à l'air, qui permet à la fois la formation et le transport du non-tissé.In known manner, a machine for manufacturing a nonwoven by air comprises a conveyor implementing a 1 porous conveyor belt which is tensioned on drive rollers. In operation, the upper strand 1a of this conveyor belt 1, which in the examples illustrated is substantially horizontal, is driven at a constant speed predetermined in the direction of transport indicated by arrow F. This upper strand 1a of the conveyor belt 1 forms a surface breathable, which allows both the formation and transport of nonwoven.

Cette machine comprend également une chambre 2 de dispersion des fibres, qui surmonte le brin supérieur 1a de la bande transporteuse 1 et qui s'étend sur toute la largeur de ce brin supérieur 1a. Cette chambre de dispersion 2 comporte une paroi amont 3 et une paroi aval 4, qui s'étendent transversalement à la direction de déplacement F de la bande transporteuse 1, ainsi que deux parois longitudinales reliant les deux parois amont 3 et aval 4, lesquelles parois longitudinales s'étendent parallèlement à la direction de déplacement F.This machine also includes a chamber 2 of dispersion of the fibers, which overcomes the upper strand 1a of the strip conveyor 1 and which extends over the entire width of this upper strand 1a. This dispersion chamber 2 has an upstream wall 3 and a downstream wall 4, which extend transversely to the direction of movement F of the conveyor belt 1, as well as two walls longitudinal connecting the two upstream 3 and downstream 4 walls, which longitudinal walls extend parallel to the direction of displacement F.

Les bords inférieurs des parois amont 3 et longitudinales (non représentées) affleurent le brin supérieur 1a de la bande transporteuse 1, étant éventuellement munis d'un joint d'étanchéité 5 prenant appui sur ledit brin supérieur 1a.The lower edges of the upstream 3 and longitudinal walls (not shown) are flush with the upper strand 1a of the strip conveyor 1, possibly being provided with a seal 5 bearing on said upper strand 1a.

Sous le brin supérieur 1a est prévu un caisson d'aspiration qui est apte à créer à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2 un flux d'air 7, symbolisé par des flèches, permettant de disperser les fibres (non représentées) à l'intérieur de ladite chambre 2 et de les projeter sur le brin supérieur 1a. C'est le cylindre 8, dénommé cylindre disperseur, qui permet l'alimentation en fibres de la chambre de dispersion 2. Eventuellement, une injection d'air par l'ouverture supérieure de la chambre de dispersion peut aider la dispersion des fibres.Under the upper strand 1a is provided a suction box which is able to create an air flow inside the dispersion chamber 2 7, symbolized by arrows, used to disperse the fibers (not shown) inside said chamber 2 and project them onto the upper strand 1a. It is cylinder 8, called the dispersing cylinder, which allows the fiber supply to the dispersion chamber 2. Optionally, an injection of air through the upper opening of the dispersion chamber can help the dispersion of fibers.

Le caisson 6 (ou boíte d'aspiration) s'étend, sous le brin supérieur 1a, sur une zone d'aspiration 9, laquelle zone 9 occupe, en largeur, la largeur au moins de la chambre de dispersion 2 et en longueur une distance D qui est supérieure à la longueur L de la chambre de dispersion 2. Les conditions d'aspiration mises en oeuvre dans le caisson 6 sont telles que la vitesse d'aspiration - mesurée dans le caisson 6 - dans la partie aval 9a de la zone d'aspiration 9 est inférieure à la vitesse d'aspiration dans la partie amont 9b de la zone d'aspiration 9.The box 6 (or suction box) extends, under the strand upper 1a, on a suction zone 9, which zone 9 occupies, in width, the width at least of the dispersion chamber 2 and in length a distance D which is greater than the length L of the dispersion chamber 2. The suction conditions used in the box 6 are such that the suction speed - measured in the box 6 - in the downstream part 9a of the suction zone 9 is lower than the suction speed in the upstream part 9b of the zone suction 9.

Dans les exemples qui vont être décrits ci-après, le caisson d'aspiration 6 est un caisson à multi-étages, comprenant un premier étage 10 qui s'étend sous une section dite principale de la zone d'aspiration 9, cette section principale 9c s'étendant, en longueur, sur une distance 1 qui est inférieure à la longueur L de la zone d'aspiration 9 surmontée par la chambre de dispersion 2. En d'autres termes, et en référence à la figure 5, cette section principale 9c s'étend depuis sensiblement le bord inférieur 11 de la paroi amont 3 de la chambre de dispersion 2 (ou légèrement en aval de celui-ci) jusqu'à une distance d de l'aplomb du bord inférieur 12 de la paroi aval 4 de la chambre de dispersion 2. Dans cette section principale 9c de la zone d'aspiration 9, la vitesse d'aspiration V1 est générée au niveau du premier étage 10 et uniforme sur toute la longueur 1 dudit étage 10.In the examples which will be described below, the box 6 is a multi-stage box, comprising a first floor 10 which extends under a so-called main section of the area suction 9, this main section 9c extending in length over a distance 1 which is less than the length L of the suction zone 9 surmounted by the dispersion chamber 2. In other words, and in reference to FIG. 5, this main section 9c extends from substantially the lower edge 11 of the upstream wall 3 of the chamber dispersion 2 (or slightly downstream thereof) to a distance d from plumb with the lower edge 12 of the downstream wall 4 of the dispersion chamber 2. In this main section 9c of the zone 9, the suction speed V1 is generated at the first stage 10 and uniform over the entire length 1 of said stage 10.

Selon le premier exemple de réalisation, illustré à la figure 1, le caisson d'aspiration 6 comporte un second étage 13 qui recouvre la section secondaire 9d de la zone d'aspiration, qui va au-delà de la section principale 9c précédemment définie. Dans ce second étage 13 du caisson 6, les conditions mises en oeuvre sont telles que la vitesse d'aspiration diminue progressivement, sur toute la longueur de la section secondaire 9d depuis l'entrée jusqu'à la sortie de celle-ci, comme cela est illustré sur la figure 1 par la décroissance continue des flèches V2, symbolisant la vitesse d'aspiration dans ladite section secondaire 9d.According to the first exemplary embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 1, the suction box 6 has a second stage 13 which covers the secondary section 9d of the suction zone, which goes beyond the main section 9c previously defined. In this second floor 13 of box 6, the conditions used are such that the speed suction gradually decreases over the entire length of the secondary section 9d from the entrance to the exit thereof, as illustrated in Figure 1 by the continuous decrease in arrows V2, symbolizing the suction speed in said section secondary 9d.

Dans le second exemple illustré à la figure 2, la section secondaire 9d est partagée en cinq sous-sections 9d1, 9d2, 9d3, 9d4, 9d5 depuis l'amont vers l'aval de ladite section secondaire 9d. Dans chaque sous-section, la vitesse d'aspiration V3 est constante. Cette vitesse V3 diminue d'une section à l'autre depuis l'amont vers l'aval de ladite section secondaire 9d. A chaque sous section 9d1 à 9d5 correspond un étage 14 à 18 du caisson d'aspiration 6.In the second example illustrated in FIG. 2, the secondary section 9d is divided into five sub-sections 9d 1 , 9d 2 , 9d 3 , 9d 4 , 9d 5 from upstream to downstream of said secondary section 9d. In each subsection, the suction speed V3 is constant. This speed V3 decreases from one section to another from upstream to downstream of said secondary section 9d. Each sub-section 9d 1 to 9d 5 corresponds to a stage 14 to 18 of the suction box 6.

Dans le troisième exemple illustré à la figure 3, on retrouve les cinq étages 14 à 18 du caisson d'aspiration 6 qui correspondent à la section secondaire 9d d'aspiration et donc à cinq sous-sections 9'd1 à 9'd5. Dans chaque sous-section, la vitesse d'aspiration V4 n'est pas constante mais diminue progressivement sur la longueur de chaque étage 14 à 18 depuis l'amont vers l'aval de chaque sous-section, comme cela apparaít clairement à l'examen de la figure 3.In the third example illustrated in FIG. 3, we find the five stages 14 to 18 of the suction box 6 which correspond to the secondary suction section 9d and therefore to five sub-sections 9'd 1 to 9'd 5 . In each sub-section, the suction speed V4 is not constant but gradually decreases over the length of each stage 14 to 18 from the upstream to the downstream of each sub-section, as is clear from examining Figure 3.

Le quatrième exemple de réalisation qui est illustré à la figure 4 est une combinaison des second et troisième exemples précédemment décrits, la vitesse d'aspiration V5 diminuant progressivement dans certains étages 14, 16 et 18 tandis qu'elle reste constante dans certains autres 15, 17.The fourth exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in FIG. 4 is a combination of the second and third examples previously described, the suction speed V5 gradually decreasing in some stages 14, 16 and 18 while it remains constant in certain others 15, 17.

Le fonctionnement de la machine selon la présente invention va maintenant être décrit plus particulièrement en relation avec l'exemple illustré par la figure 5.The operation of the machine according to the present invention will now be described more particularly in relation to the example illustrated in Figure 5.

Sur la figure 5, le caisson d'aspiration 6 comporte trois étages, à savoir le premier étage 10 qui correspond à la section principale 9c de la zone d'aspiration 9 et deux seconds étages successifs 14 et 15 qui correspondent aux sous-sections 9d1 et 9d2 de la section secondaire 9d de la zone d'aspiration 9. Ce nombre d'étages n'est pas exclusif, et peut être supérieur comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 2, mais il peut aussi être de deux.In FIG. 5, the suction box 6 has three stages, namely the first stage 10 which corresponds to the main section 9c of the suction zone 9 and two successive second stages 14 and 15 which correspond to the sub-sections 9d 1 and 9d 2 of the secondary section 9d of the suction zone 9. This number of stages is not exclusive, and can be greater as in the example illustrated in FIG. 2, but it can also be two .

Les fibres qui sont acheminées à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2, à la périphérie du cylindre disperseur 8, sont détachées de la garniture 8a de ce cylindre par l'action du flux d'air créé à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 11 et éventuellement par d'autres moyens. Les fibres sont éjectées de manière individualisée à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2, sont dispersées par le flux d'air sur toute la section horizontale de ladite chambre 2 et sont projetées sur le brin supérieur 1 a de la bande transporteuse 1. Du fait de l'accumulation des fibres sur le brin supérieur 1a lors du déplacement de la bande transporteuse 1, il se forme ainsi un non-tissé 13 qui est acheminé vers l'extérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2 en passant au droit de la paroi aval 4 de ladite chambre 2, qui dans l'exemple illustré est une plaque. L'écartement e entre le bord inférieur 12 de ladite paroi aval 4 et le brin supérieur 1a est déterminé en sorte que cet écartement est supérieur à l'épaisseur du non-tissé formé dans la chambre de dispersion 2, en l'état où il se trouve lorsqu'il sort de ladite chambre 2. Cet écartement e est fonction du grammage du non-tissé. Il est de préférence de 5 à 50 mm, par exemple de 30 mm.The fibers which are transported inside the chamber dispersion 2, at the periphery of the dispersing cylinder 8, are detached of the lining 8a of this cylinder by the action of the air flow created at inside the dispersion chamber 11 and possibly by other ways. The fibers are ejected individually to inside the dispersion chamber 2, are dispersed by the flow of air over the entire horizontal section of said chamber 2 and are projected onto the upper strand 1 a of the conveyor belt 1. Because of the accumulation of fibers on the upper strand 1a during the movement of the conveyor belt 1, a nonwoven is thus formed 13 which is conveyed to the outside of the dispersion chamber 2 passing to the right of the downstream wall 4 of said chamber 2, which in the example illustrated is a plate. The spacing e between the edge lower 12 of said downstream wall 4 and the upper strand 1a is determined so that this spacing is greater than the thickness of the nonwoven formed in the dispersion chamber 2, as it stands when it leaves said chamber 2. This spacing e depends on the grammage of the nonwoven. It is preferably from 5 to 50 mm, for example of 30 mm.

Le flux d'air qui déplace les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2 est créé notamment par le caisson d'aspiration 6, plus précisément par l'aspiration générée par la portion de la section d'aspiration 9 qui se trouve au droit de la chambre de dispersion 2. D'autres moyens complémentaires pourraient être mis en oeuvre, par exemple une injection d'air au niveau de la partie supérieure de la chambre de dispersion 2, afin d'aider le détachage des fibres du cylindre 8.The air flow that moves the fibers inside the chamber dispersion 2 is created in particular by the suction box 6, more precisely by the suction generated by the section portion suction 9 which is located to the right of the dispersion chamber 2. Other complementary means could be implemented, for example example an air injection at the top of the dispersion chamber 2, in order to help the spotting of the fibers of the cylinder 8.

Etant donné que la vitesse d'aspiration V1 générée au niveau du premier étage 10 du caisson d'aspiration 6 est la plus élevée, les fibres qui se trouvent dans la chambre de dispersion 2 ont tendance à se concentrer sur le brin supérieur 1a au niveau de la section principale 9c d'aspiration, de sorte que le non-tissé 13 est quasiment formé dans sa configuration définitive en sortie du premier étage 10 du caisson d'aspiration 6.Since the suction speed V1 generated at the first stage 10 of the suction box 6 is the highest, the fibers which are in the dispersion chamber 2 tend to focus on the upper strand 1a at the main section 9c of suction, so that the nonwoven 13 is almost formed in its final configuration at the exit of the first stage 10 of the box suction 6.

Au-delà, le non-tissé est en quelque sorte pris en charge par le second étage 14 du caisson d'aspiration 6 dans lequel la vitesse d'aspiration V2 est inférieure à la vitesse V1 du premier étage. Cette prise en charge intervient alors que le non-tissé 13 est encore à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2, sur la distance d puis alors que le non-tissé 13 est sorti de la chambre de dispersion 2. Cette prise en charge qui se poursuit au niveau du second étage 14 du caisson d'aspiration 6 permet qu'il n'y ait pas de perturbations engendrées par le passage du non-tissé sous le bord inférieur 12 du montant aval 4 de la chambre de dispersion 2 puisqu'on observe sensiblement le même régime de flux d'air de part et d'autre de ce montant aval 4. Grâce à l'aspiration créée au-delà de la chambre de dispersion sous le brin supérieur 1a, on n'observe pas de flux d'air parasite entrant dans la chambre d'aspiration dans l'espace laissé libre entre le non-tissé 13 et le bord inférieur 12 du montant aval 4 ou tout au moins on n'observe pas de soulèvement préjudiciable de fibres.Beyond that, the nonwoven is somehow supported by the second stage 14 of the suction box 6 in which the speed suction V2 is lower than the speed V1 of the first stage. This management takes place while the nonwoven 13 is still inside the dispersion chamber 2, over the distance d then then that the nonwoven 13 has come out of the dispersion chamber 2. This outlet in charge which continues at the level of the second stage 14 of the box suction 6 allows that there are no disturbances caused by the passage of the nonwoven under the lower edge 12 of the downstream upright 4 of the dispersion chamber 2 since we observe substantially the same air flow regime on either side of this downstream amount 4. Thanks to the suction created beyond the dispersion chamber under the strand higher 1a, no parasitic air flow entering the suction chamber in the space left free between the nonwoven 13 and the lower edge 12 of the downstream upright 4 or at least we do not observe no damaging lifting of fibers.

Ceci est également vrai lorsque le bord inférieur de la paroi aval n'est pas le bord d'une plaque fixe mais un élément tournant, par exemple un cylindre transversal perforé, qui comprime le non-tissé sortant de la chambre de dispersion 2.This is also true when the lower edge of the downstream wall is not the edge of a fixed plate but a rotating element, for example a perforated transverse cylinder, which compresses the nonwoven leaving the dispersion chamber 2.

Dans le mode de réalisation, illustré à la figure 5, il y a un rouleau presseur 20 qui est à l'aplomb de la cloison 21 qui sépare les deux étages successifs 14, 15 de la section secondaire 9a. Ce rouleau presseur 20 est monté transversalement au-dessus du brin supérieur 1a de la bande transporteuse 1, s'appliquant sur le non-tissé 13. La distance T entre la verticale passant par le bord 12 inférieur de la paroi aval 4 et la verticale tangente à l'arrière du rouleau 20 est, de préférence, relativement faible, de préférence de 10 à 30 mm.In the embodiment, illustrated in Figure 5, there is a pressure roller 20 which is perpendicular to the partition 21 which separates the two successive stages 14, 15 of the secondary section 9a. This roller presser 20 is mounted transversely above the upper strand 1a of the conveyor belt 1, applying to the nonwoven 13. The distance T between the vertical passing through the lower edge 12 of the wall downstream 4 and the vertical tangent to the rear of the roller 20 is, from preferably relatively small, preferably 10 to 30 mm.

Dans un exemple préféré de réalisation, la chambre de dispersion 2 a une longueur L de l'ordre de 60 mm, celle de la section principale 9c de l'ordre de 50 mm et celle du premier étage 9d, de la section secondaire de l'ordre de 80 mm. La distance T est de l'ordre de 20 mm pour un rouleau 20 ayant un diamètre de l'ordre de 100 mm.In a preferred embodiment, the dispersion 2 has a length L of the order of 60 mm, that of the section main 9c of the order of 50 mm and that of the first stage 9d, of the secondary section of the order of 80 mm. The distance T is of the order of 20 mm for a roller 20 having a diameter of the order of 100 mm.

En sortie de la sous-section 9d1 de la section secondaire 9d de la zone d'aspiration 9, le non-tissé est alors pris en charge par l'aspiration créée par le second étage suivant 15 du caisson d'aspiration 6, dont la vitesse d'aspiration V3 est inférieure à la vitesse d'aspiration V2 du second étage 14. Eventuellement cette prise en charge peut être réalisée successivement avec d'autres seconds étages 16 à 18 jusqu'à ce qu'il n'y ait plus du tout d'aspiration au-delà du caisson 6. Cette diminution progressive (par étages dans le présent exemple) de l'aspiration dans la zone secondaire 9d permet qu'il y ait un relâchement progressif des fibres du non-tissé 13, sous l'effet de ladite aspiration. C'est ce qui permet d'obtenir le résultat recherché, à savoir la production d'un non-tissé particulièrement homogène, dans de bonnes conditions industrielles, à vitesse élevée.On leaving the sub-section 9d 1 of the secondary section 9d of the suction zone 9, the nonwoven is then taken care of by the suction created by the next second stage 15 of the suction box 6, of which the suction speed V3 is lower than the suction speed V2 of the second stage 14. Optionally, this support can be carried out successively with other second stages 16 to 18 until there is no longer any suction at all beyond the box 6. This gradual reduction (by stages in the present example) of the suction in the secondary zone 9d allows there to be a gradual loosening of the fibers of the nonwoven 13, under the effect of said aspiration. This is what makes it possible to obtain the desired result, namely the production of a particularly homogeneous nonwoven, in good industrial conditions, at high speed.

On comprend que les différents paramètres que sont le choix des vitesses d'aspiration V1, V2, ..., la longueur D de la zone d'aspiration, par rapport à la longueur L de la chambre de dispersion, la distance d, le nombre d'étages du caisson d'aspiration, le choix de garder constante ou de rendre dégressive la vitesse d'aspiration dans tout ou partie des seconds étages, tous ces paramètres sont à déterminer au coup par coup en fonction des autres conditions opératoires que sont le type et la longueur des fibres, le grammage souhaité pour le non-tissé, la vitesse F de déplacement de la bande transporteuse...We understand that the different parameters that are the choice suction speeds V1, V2, ..., the length D of the zone suction, relative to the length L of the dispersion chamber, the distance d, the number of stages of the suction box, the choice of keep constant or degressive the suction speed in all or part of the second stages, all these parameters are determine step by step based on other conditions the type and length of fibers, the grammage desired for the nonwoven, the speed F of movement of the web conveyor ...

Dans un exemple de réalisation qui est donné à titre non exhaustif, la vitesse d'aspiration V1 au niveau de la section principale 9c de la zone d'aspiration 9 était de l'ordre de 30 à 90 m/s. De préférence les vitesses d'aspiration des cinq seconds étages se trouvant au niveau de la section secondaire 9d de la zone d'aspiration 9 étaient respectivement égales ou de l'ordre de 0,8 V, 0,6 V, 0,4 V et 0,2 V, sachant que V étant la vitesse du premier étage le plus en amont et avait une valeur elle-même inférieure à V1, par exemple 0,8 V1. Pour ce faire, le premier étage à vitesse V1 du caisson d'aspiration était équipé de son propre ventilateur tandis que pour les cinq seconds étages un seul ventilateur permettait d'obtenir cette dégressivité de vitesse d'aspiration grâce à la mise en oeuvre de tôles perforées.In an exemplary embodiment which is given by way of non-exhaustive example, the suction speed V1 at the main section 9c of the suction zone 9 was of the order of 30 to 90 m / s. Preferably, the suction speeds of the five second stages located at the secondary section 9d of the suction zone 9 were respectively equal to or of the order of 0.8 V, 0.6 V, 0.4 V and 0.2 V, knowing that V being the speed of the most upstream first stage and had a value itself less than V 1 , for example 0.8 V 1 . To do this, the first stage at speed V1 of the suction box was equipped with its own fan, while for the five second stages, a single fan made it possible to obtain this gradual reduction in suction speed thanks to the use of sheets. perforated.

La présente invention n'est cependant pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits à titre d'exemples non exhaustifs. En particulier, il serait possible de disposer transversalement au-dessus du brin supérieur 1 a de la bande transporteuse 1 d'autres rouleaux presseurs destinés à accompagner le déplacement des fibres du non-tissé, lesquels rouleaux presseurs seraient avantageusement disposés au droit de l'interface entre deux sous-sections successives, voire même au droit de l'interface entre la section principale 9c et la section secondaire 9d de la zone d'aspiration.The present invention is however not limited to the modes of which have been described by way of non-exhaustive examples. In particular, it would be possible to arrange transversely above the upper strand 1 a of the conveyor belt 1 of other rollers pressers intended to accompany the movement of the fibers of the nonwoven, which pressure rollers would advantageously be arranged at the interface between two successive subsections, or even at the interface between the main section 9c and the section secondary 9d of the suction area.

Tous moyens adéquats peuvent être mis en oeuvre pour obtenir les vitesses d'aspiration dans le caisson d'aspiration, que ce soit à partir d'un ventilateur unique ou d'une pluralité de ventilateurs, et à partir d'éléments complémentaires aptes à diminuer la vitesse d'aspiration éventuellement de manière progressive , de l'amont vers l'aval de la zone d'aspiration.All appropriate means can be used to obtain the suction speeds in the suction box, whether from a single fan or a plurality of fans, and from additional elements capable of reducing the suction speed possibly gradually, from upstream to downstream of the suction area.

Claims (16)

Machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique comportant : une surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air, une chambre de dispersion surmontant la surface de formation et de transport, des moyens permettant d'alimenter la chambre de dispersion avec des fibres destinées à former le non-tissé, des moyens , notamment des moyens d'aspiration disposés sous la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, qui sont aptes à créer, à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion, un flux d'air permettant de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de formation et de transport,    caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'aspiration (6) sont aptes à réaliser une aspiration dans une zone - dite zone d'aspiration (9) - de la surface de formation et de transport (1) du non-tissé qui s'étend sous la chambre de dispersion (2) et en aval de celle-ci, avec une diminution de la vitesse d'aspiration entre l'amont et l'aval de ladite zone (9).Machine for the formation of a nonwoven by air, comprising: a nonwoven formation and transport surface which is breathable, a dispersion chamber surmounting the formation and transport surface, means making it possible to supply the dispersion chamber with fibers intended to form the nonwoven, means, in particular suction means arranged under the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven, which are capable of creating, inside the dispersion chamber, an air flow making it possible to disperse the fibers to inside the chamber and project them onto the training and transport surface, characterized in that said suction means (6) are capable of carrying out suction in a zone - called suction zone (9) - of the formation and transport surface (1) of the nonwoven which extends under the dispersion chamber (2) and downstream thereof, with a decrease in the suction speed between the upstream and downstream of said zone (9). Machine selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que , la paroi aval (4) de la chambre d'aspiration (2) étant une plaque , le bord inférieur (12) de ladite paroi aval (4) délimite , avec le brin supérieur (1a) de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé (1), un espace de passage dont la hauteur e est supérieure à l'épaisseur du non-tissé (13) sortant de la chambre de dispersion (2).Machine according to claim 1 characterized in that , the downstream wall (4) of the suction chamber (2) being a plate, the lower edge (12) of said downstream wall (4) defines, with the upper strand (1a ) from the surface for forming and transporting the nonwoven (1), a passage space whose height e is greater than the thickness of the nonwoven (13) leaving the dispersion chamber (2). Machine selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que , la hauteur e est de 5 à 50 mm. Machine according to claim 2 characterized in that , the height e is from 5 to 50 mm. Machine selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 caractérisée en ce que le bord inférieur de la paroi aval est constitué par un cylindre rotatif , éventuellement poreux.Machine according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that the lower edge of the downstream wall consists of a rotary cylinder, possibly porous. Machine selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisée en ce que , les moyens d'aspiration sont constitués par un caisson d'aspiration unique dans lequel les conditions d'aspiration varient de l'amont vers l'aval de la zone d'aspiration.Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the suction means consist of a single suction box in which the suction conditions vary from upstream to downstream of the area of aspiration. Machine selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'aspiration sont constitués d'un caisson d'aspiration à multi-étages, chaque étage ayant des conditions d'aspiration distinctes.Machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the suction means consist of a multi-stage suction box, each stage having separate suction conditions. Machine selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'un premier étage (10) développant la vitesse d'aspiration (V1) la plus élevée est disposé sous la chambre de dispersion (2) dans une section principale (9c) de la zone d'aspiration (9) s'étendant jusqu'à distance (d) de l'aplomb du bord inférieur (12) de la paroi aval (4) de la chambre de dispersion (2) et en ce qu'au moins un second étage (14), développant une vitesse d'aspiration V2 inférieure à V1, s'étend en aval du premier étage (10) sur une section secondaire (9d) de la zone d'aspiration (9).Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that a first stage (10) developing the highest suction speed (V1) is arranged under the dispersion chamber (2) in a main section (9c) of the area d suction (9) extending up to distance (d) from the plumb of the lower edge (12) of the downstream wall (4) of the dispersion chamber (2) and in that at least one second stage (14), developing a suction speed V2 lower than V1, extends downstream of the first stage (10) on a secondary section (9d) of the suction zone (9). Machine selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la distance d est de 5 à 20 mm.Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance d is from 5 to 20 mm. Machine selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que dans la section secondaire (9d) de la zone d'aspiration (9), elle comporte un seul second étage dans lequel la vitesse d'aspiration (V2) diminue progressivement, depuis l'amont jusqu'à l'aval de ladite section secondaire (9d).Machine according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that in the secondary section (9d) of the suction zone (9), it comprises a single second stage in which the suction speed (V2) gradually decreases , from upstream to downstream of said secondary section (9d). Machine selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que dans la section secondaire (9d) de la zone d'aspiration (9), elle comporte une pluralité N de seconds étages successifs (14 à 18).Machine according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that in the secondary section (9d) of the suction zone (9), it comprises a plurality N of successive second stages (14 to 18). Machine selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse d'aspiration (V3) est constante dans chacun de ces N seconds étages. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the suction speed (V3) is constant in each of these N second stages. Machine selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse d'aspiration (V4) dans chacun des N seconds étages (14 à 18) est en diminution progressive de l'amont vers l'aval dudit étage.Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the suction speed (V4) in each of the N second stages (14 to 18) is gradually decreasing from upstream to downstream of said stage. Machine selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse d'aspiration (V5) est constante dans certains seconds étages (15, 17) et en diminution progressive de l'amont vers l'aval dans d'autres seconds étages (14, 16, 18).Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the suction speed (V5) is constant in certain second stages (15, 17) and in progressive decrease from upstream to downstream in other second stages (14, 16, 18). Machine selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un rouleau presseur (20) au-dessus de la section secondaire (9d).Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one pressure roller (20) above the secondary section (9d). Machine selon les revendications 10 et 14, caractérisée en que le rouleau presseur (20) est disposé au droit de l'interface (21) entre deux seconds étages successifs (14, 15).Machine according to claims 10 and 14, characterized in that the pressure roller (20) is arranged in line with the interface (21) between two successive second stages (14, 15). Machine selon l'une des revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que le rouleau presseur est à une faible distance (T) de l'aplomb du bord inférieur (12) de la paroi aval (4) de la chambre de dispersion (2), de préférence d'une distance de 10 à 30 mm.Machine according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the pressure roller is a short distance (T) from the plumb of the lower edge (12) of the downstream wall (4) of the dispersion chamber (2 ), preferably from a distance of 10 to 30 mm.
EP04370008A 2003-04-01 2004-03-25 Apparatus for the manufacturing of an airlaid nonwoven web, having degressive suction means Expired - Lifetime EP1467011B1 (en)

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FR0304048A FR2853331B1 (en) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A NONWOVEN BY AIR, PROVIDING MEANS FOR DEGRESSIVE SUCTION
FR0304048 2003-04-01

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EP1672110A1 (en) 2004-12-16 2006-06-21 Asselin-Thibeau Method and device for the transport of carded or air-laid nonwovens
RU2817837C1 (en) * 2023-07-20 2024-04-22 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ВИАМ) Device for producing nonwoven heat-insulating material

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EP2298977A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2011-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Fiber air-laying process for fibrous structures suitable for use in absorbent articles
JP5629525B2 (en) * 2010-08-06 2014-11-19 花王株式会社 Non-woven bulk increaser
CN114959956B (en) * 2022-05-30 2023-10-03 大源无纺新材料（天津）有限公司 Hot air non-woven fabric carding device

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ATE399894T1 (en) 2008-07-15
ES2309477T3 (en) 2008-12-16
EP1467011B1 (en) 2008-07-02
FR2853331A1 (en) 2004-10-08
US7007348B2 (en) 2006-03-07
US20040255430A1 (en) 2004-12-23
FR2853331B1 (en) 2005-06-24
DE602004014669D1 (en) 2008-08-14

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