EP1672110A1 - Method and device for the transport of carded or air-laid nonwovens - Google Patents

Method and device for the transport of carded or air-laid nonwovens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1672110A1
EP1672110A1 EP05370032A EP05370032A EP1672110A1 EP 1672110 A1 EP1672110 A1 EP 1672110A1 EP 05370032 A EP05370032 A EP 05370032A EP 05370032 A EP05370032 A EP 05370032A EP 1672110 A1 EP1672110 A1 EP 1672110A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nonwoven
transport surface
air
transport
zone
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Granted
Application number
EP05370032A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1672110B1 (en
Inventor
Xavier Catry
Marco Brabant
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Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Publication of EP1672110A1 publication Critical patent/EP1672110A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D01G15/12—Details
    • D01G15/46—Doffing or like arrangements for removing fibres from carding elements; Web-dividing apparatus; Condensers
    • D01G15/465—Doffing arrangements for removing fibres using, or cooperating with, pneumatic means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/736—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement in the field of textiles, the transport of a nonwoven by means of an air permeable transport surface, and more particularly a new technical solution to the problems of alteration of the structure nonwoven during its transition between two different successive airspace zones: an upstream zone in which is generated a first air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface, and a downstream zone in which is generated at through the nonwoven and the transport surface, a second air flow of power lower than the first air flow, is not implemented any air flow.
  • the present invention finds preferentially its application in the field of the manufacture of nonwovens by aunterlic route, that is to say according to a technique still commonly referred to as "airlay” technique, as well as in the field of nonwovens carded.
  • non-woven generally designates any web of fibers and / or filaments or superposition of webs of fibers and / or filaments, regardless of the method of manufacture of the sails, and the type of fibers or filaments.
  • the nonwoven may consist of one or more veils of fibers or filaments chosen from the list: carded nonwoven web, nonwoven web "ugly air”, nonwoven web of "meltblown” type, Spun non-woven sail.
  • all the sails may be of the same type, or the nonwoven may be composite, that is to say composed of several sails of different types such as for example a nonwoven Composite type CMC (carded sail / sail “meltblown” / sail carded) or type SMS (sail “spun” / sail “meltblown” / sail “spun”)
  • nonwoven generally undergoes at a later stage of its constitution one or more consolidation stages such as in particular mechanical bonding, for example by needling, hydraulic bonding by water jets, thermoling by calendering, or chemical bonding by example by means of an adhesive.
  • mechanical bonding for example by needling, hydraulic bonding by water jets, thermoling by calendering, or chemical bonding by example by means of an adhesive.
  • non-woven designates indifferently the veil or the superposition of veils of fibers and / or filaments before consolidation or after consolidation.
  • a breathable transport surface for example a perforated cylinder, a conveyor belt breathable mesh type
  • at least one air flow that passes through the nonwoven and the transport surface, and which allows the nonwoven to be pressed against the transport surface, over any or part of the path of the nonwoven.
  • this airflow is generated by suction.
  • nonwoven "airlaid” and nonwoven carded examples of transport of a non-woven "airlaid” and transport of a nonwoven carded, will now be successively detailed, however, it is specified that the invention, although preferentially finding its application to the transport of these two particular types of nonwovens (nonwoven "airlaid” and nonwoven carded) is however not limited to these nonwovens, but can also be applied to the transport of other types of nonwovens.
  • the "airlay" technique for forming a nonwoven is essentially characterized by the dispersion in a chamber and the projection on a mobile receiving surface of individual fibers by means of a high velocity air flow, said surface of reception being permeable to air and allowing formation and transport outside the dispersion chamber of the nonwoven.
  • this surface is designated "transport” surface.
  • the air flow for the dispersion of the fibers inside the dispersion chamber and their projection on the transport surface is obtained by using suction means, which are arranged below the training and transportation area.
  • the nonwoven when the nonwoven is conveyed by the transport surface outside the fiber dispersion chamber, the nonwoven passes from an upstream zone (in the dispersion chamber) in which is placed a strong suction is applied through the nonwoven to a downstream zone (at the outlet of the dispersion chamber), in which suction is no longer used.
  • upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the direction of movement of the transport surface of the nonwoven.
  • the fibers of the nonwoven located in the upstream zone are compressed under the effect of the suction air flow, and when they leave the dispersion chamber are suddenly released due to the absence of suction at the exit of the bedroom. If no particular precaution is taken, because of this loosening of the fibers, the fibers of the nonwoven tend to turn or fold over them, which results in the output of the dispersion chamber by the forming a build-up of fibers (still referred to as "carrot") over the entire width of the nonwoven. This accumulation occurs most often at the start of the manufacturing process. non-woven "airlaid", the non-woven winding on itself at its front transverse edge, and it is necessary in this case stop production. Transverse accumulations of fibers can also occur locally and randomly during production, which greatly affects the quality of the nonwoven produced.
  • the nonwoven is mechanically held against the transport surface, by means of a member in contact with the upper face of the non-woven fabric. -woven, when the non-woven leaves the dispersion chamber (passage from the upstream zone with strong suction to the downstream zone devoid of suction).
  • downstream wall of the dispersion chamber comprises a curved plate substantially in the shape of an arc of a circle, which bears on the nonwoven.
  • This embodiment allows a more progressive contact with the nonwoven than that obtained in the implementation of US Pat. No. 4,097,965.
  • a transverse pressure roller which is rotated in the direction of movement of the nonwoven is arranged at the outlet of the dispersion chamber.
  • the rotation of this cylinder which is in a way the lower edge of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber, makes it possible to limit the friction, and therefore to accompany the surface fibers of the nonwoven at the exit of the dispersion chamber.
  • parasitic air flows are created which disturb the homogeneity of the non-woven during its passage under the pressure roller.
  • this small diameter pressure roller bearing on the nonwoven in a narrow area it can cause a detrimental deformation of the nonwoven.
  • this pressure roller of small diameter causes risks of winding fibers on its periphery.
  • the front wall of the dispersion chamber is porous in its lower part, said lower part preferably having a curved profile substantially in a circular arc.
  • This avoids the creation of parasitic air flows caused by the rapid rotation of a transverse cylinder.
  • the micro-perforated thin sheet which constitutes the lower part of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber exerts on the non-woven a low compression force which compresses it slightly.
  • This arrangement prevents the suction flow created by the suction box from generating an inflow of incoming air which would penetrate inside the dispersion chamber by passing between the lower edge of the downstream wall and the upper strand. the surface of formation and transport of the nonwoven, such air flow being detrimental to the quality of said nonwoven.
  • the porous bottom part of the front wall of the dispersion chamber may also be constituted by a porous rotary cylinder, in particular a micro-perforated cylinder.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce friction, when the cylinder is driven at a peripheral speed which is equal to the speed of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven.
  • This solution is advantageous because it avoids the use, at the output of the dispersion chamber, of a mechanical pressing member.
  • suction means in combination with a transport surface permeable to air, so as to maintain the non-woven material. woven against the transport surface.
  • European patent application EP 0 704 561 for example describes a card outlet, in which the nonwoven produced by the card is transferred between a detaching cylinder of the card and an air permeable conveyor belt, the transfer of the card. nonwoven being facilitated by the implementation of a suction.
  • International Patent Application WO 96/30571 discloses a method for manufacturing a nonwoven fabric using at least one card, a carpet for receiving and transporting the nonwoven carded at the card outlet, and at least one first suction box in the transfer region of the nonwoven between the last cylinder of the card and the conveyor belt. The same problem of alteration of the structure of the nonwoven arises when it leaves the suction zone of said first suction box.
  • the transport of a nonwoven by means of an air permeable transport surface causes a risk of alteration (deformation or inversion) of the nonwoven during the passage of the nonwoven between two successive zones.
  • an upstream zone in which is implemented a first air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface
  • a downstream zone in which is implemented through the nonwoven and the transport surface a second, lower power airflow or no air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface.
  • the risks of alteration of the nonwoven depend on many parameters, the main ones being: the air velocity differences between the two successive upstream and downstream suction zones, the weight of the nonwoven, the length of the fibers, the type of fibers, and in particular their more or less great ability to relax by "spring” effect when they are no longer maintained or less maintained by suction against the transport surface, the cohesion of the nonwoven fibers, the speed of transport of the nonwoven.
  • this problem of alteration is preponderant for high transport speeds, that is to say typically greater than 150 m / s for non-woven carded or "airlaid" which have not yet been consolidated.
  • a main objective of the present invention is to propose a new technical solution to the aforementioned problem of altering the structure of a nonwoven transported on a transport surface permeable to air, said solution to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks arising in the prior art, the implementation of a pressing member in contact with the surface of the nonwoven.
  • This main object is achieved by the invention which has for its main objects a new method and a new device for transporting a nonwoven.
  • the method of the invention is known from the prior art in that the nonwoven is transported by means of a transport surface permeable to the air, in at least one upstream zone in which an upstream air flow is generated which passes through the nonwoven then the transport surface, and, at the outlet of the upstream zone, into at least one downstream zone in which either a lower power downstream air stream is generated which passes through the nonwoven and then the transport surface, or no flow of air is generated through the nonwoven and the transport surface.
  • the nonwoven and / or the transport surface are electrostatically charged so as to adhere the nonwoven against the transport surface at least in the transition region between the two upstream and downstream zones.
  • the device of the invention for transporting a nonwoven comprises a transport surface permeable to air, first means for generating an upstream air flow. through the transport surface in an upstream zone, and possibly second means which are adapted to generate through the transport surface a downstream air flow of lower power in a downstream zone extending from the upstream zone.
  • the device comprises ionization means for generating ions at least in all or part of the upstream zone and near the transport surface.
  • the air velocity difference between the upstream and downstream zones is sufficiently large to cause an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven in the absence of electrostatic charge of the nonwoven and / or the transport surface.
  • the invention also relates to a machine for the formation of a nonwoven (W) by aerodynamic means and a machine for the production of a carded nonwoven.
  • the machine is equipped outside and downstream of the dispersion chamber with a transport device of the invention, the transport surface of this device being that used for the formation of the nonwoven in the dispersion chamber.
  • the machine of the invention for producing a carded nonwoven comprises a detaching cylinder and is equipped with a transport device of the invention, said upstream zone of this transport device being located in the transfer region of the nonwoven between the detaching cylinder and the transport surface permeable to the air.
  • FIG 1 a machine for forming a nonwoven W airway.
  • This machine is an improvement of the machine shown in Figure 5 of the European patent application EP 1467 011, in that was substituted for the pressure roller of the machine "airlay" EP 1467 011, an ionizing bar.
  • the suction means 4 are constituted by a suction box with three successive compartments 41, 42 and 43, each suction compartment extending substantially over the entire width of the transport surface 1 (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel). advancement F of the transport surface).
  • the compartment 41 is located and extends exclusively to the right of the dispersion chamber 2; it makes it possible to create a first air flow F1 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W into a first suction zone Z1.
  • the second compartment 42 extends in a small part to the right of the dispersion chamber 2, and extends beyond the downstream wall 2a of the chamber; it makes it possible to create a second air flow F2 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W into a second suction zone Z2.
  • the third compartment 43 is located outside and downstream of the dispersion chamber 2; it allows to creating a third air flow F3 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W in a third suction zone Z3.
  • each air flow F1, F2, F3, the compartments 41, 42, 43 can be put under vacuum by means of the same fan (more economical solution) or each compartment can be individually equipped with its own fan (solution more expensive).
  • the machine “airlay” comprises an ionizing bar 5.
  • This ionizing bar 5 is positioned downstream and outside the dispersion chamber 2, at the level of the second suction zone Z2, and close to the transport surface 1.
  • This ionizing bar 5 extends, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, over substantially the entire width of the transport surface 1.
  • the ionizing bar 5 allows in operation to generate a powerful electric field 5a, saturated with ions, said ionizing field.
  • the ionizing bar comprises for example a plurality of electrodes or high voltage peaks which are powered by a continuous high voltage generator (not shown).
  • the ionizing bar 5 makes it possible to generate negative ions in the second suction zone Z2 and close to the surface of the nonwoven W.
  • the transport surface 1, which is made of an electrically conductive material acts as grounded ground.
  • the nonwoven W consists of fibers forming a dielectric material. These are, for example, synthetic fibers based on polypropylene or polyethylene, and / or natural fibers of the cotton type, and / or artificial fibers of the viscose type.
  • the nonwoven which is formed in the dispersion chamber 2 is conveyed outside this chamber by the transport surface 1.
  • the power of the air flow F1 in the suction zone Z1 is greater than that of the F2 airflow in the second suction zone, however the air velocity differential (V1 compared to V2) is low enough so that the nonwoven is not altered during its passage from the first zone Z1 to the second zone Z2.
  • the power of the air flow F2 in the suction zone Z2 is greater than that of the air flow F3 in the third suction zone, the air velocity differential (V2 compared to V3) is sufficiently large to that, in the absence of implementation of the invention, the nonwoven W is altered during its passage from the zone Z2 to the second zone Z3.
  • the ionizing bar 5 is put into operation.
  • the nonwoven W passes into the ionizing field 5a, it charges with negative ions in the second zone of Z2 suction. These ions are attracted by the transport surface 1.
  • the electrostatic charge of the nonwoven W thus allows the nonwoven to be pressed temporarily against the transport surface 1.
  • the nonwoven W reaches the transition between the two zones of suction Z2 and Z3, it adheres electrostatically to the transport surface, which makes it insensitive to disturbances resulting from the change of air velocities between the two zones Z2 and Z3.
  • this discharge of the nonwoven which starts in the third zone Z3 can be completed, as the case may be, before the end of the zone Z3, or downstream of this zone.
  • the discharge of the nonwoven can be completed before the end of the zone Z3, when the air velocities (V3) in the suction zone Z3 are sufficiently low (with respect to the downstream zone of the zone Z3 which is devoid of suction / zero air velocity) so as not to affect the structure of the nonwoven W when leaving the third zone Z3.
  • the ionizing field 5a preferably extends at least up to the transition Z2 / Z3 and possibly beyond. Nevertheless, it is also conceivable that ionizing field 5a stops in the zone Z2, at a point upstream of the transition Z2 / Z3, the essential thing is that the electrostatic charge of the nonwoven W is still sufficient during its passage at the transition Z2 / Z3 to obtain a sufficient degree of electrostatic adhesion with the transport surface 1.
  • the ionizing bar 5 is stopped, there are risks that the nonwoven undergoes in the region of transition (Z2 / Z3) local deformations or accumulations of fibers over its width, which are detrimental the quality of the non-woven. It is therefore preferable (but optional) for the ionizing bar 5 to be active, not only during the start-up phase but also later during production.
  • the operating parameters in particular type of ionizing bar, supply voltage, distance (d) for positioning the ionizing bar 5 with respect to the transport surface
  • electrostatic charging can be implemented.
  • it is the transport surface that can be electrostatically charged.
  • both the nonwoven and the transport surface can be electrostatically charged and with opposite polarities.
  • the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment of machine "airlay" which has just been described with reference to Figure 1, but extends more generally to any implementation in which the non-woven and / or the transport surface are electrostatically charged, during transport of the nonwoven, so as to adhere electrostatically the nonwoven at the transport surface during its passage through the transition region between an upstream zone and a downstream zone of the Z2 and Z3 zone type.
  • FIG. 2 shows another variant embodiment of the invention applied to a carded nonwoven.
  • a carded nonwoven W is produced by a card, of which only the exit cylinders have been shown in FIG. 2, namely: a doffer cylinder 6 and detaching cylinder 7 with isosceles tips or equivalent.
  • This nonwoven W is detached from the detaching cylinder 7 and is taken up by an air-permeable transport surface 1 (of the belt or conveyor belt type), and passing near the detaching cylinder 7.
  • a suction box 8 positioned below and in the vicinity of the transport surface 1. This suction box generates through the transport surface and the nonwoven W a flow of air in an upstream suction zone Z.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the transport of non-woven non-woven fabrics and more particularly carded nonwovens or "airlaid" nonwovens before consolidation, but can more generally be used in the textile field for the transport of any known type. nonwovens.
  • the air flow low speed to through the nonwoven and the transport surface may for example be obtained by means of air deflectors according to the principle described in particular in the European patent application EP 1 295 973.
  • the transport surface is flat.
  • the invention can however also be applied to curved conveying surfaces, and in particular to cylindrical conveying surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The system, in which a non-woven material (W) is transported by an air-permeable conveyor surface (1), has an aspiration chamber (4) with three separate compartments (41, 42, 43) beneath the conveyor so that air is drawn through the material and the permeable conveyor surface. The first compartment is located directly below the fibre dispersion chamber (2) of an airlay machine, while the second and third have air flow zones (Z2, Z3) with different flow rates, and an electrostatic charge zone between them. In the latter an ionising bar (5) applies an electrostatic charge to that material that causes it to adhere to the conveyor surface as it is carried along at a preferable speed of 150 metres per minute. The air flow rate is lower in the third zone (Z3) than in the second (Z2), but the difference is not great enough to alter the structure of the non-woven material.

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement, apporté dans le domaine textile, au transport d'un non-tissé au moyen d'une surface de transport perméable à l'air, et plus particulièrement une nouvelle solution technique aux problèmes d'altération de la structure du non-tissé lors de sa transition entre deux zones aérauliques successives différentes : une zone amont dans laquelle est généré un premier flux d'air à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, et une zone aval dans laquelle soit est généré à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, un deuxième flux d'air de puissance plus faible que le premier flux d'air, soit n'est mis en oeuvre aucun flux d'air.The present invention relates to an improvement in the field of textiles, the transport of a nonwoven by means of an air permeable transport surface, and more particularly a new technical solution to the problems of alteration of the structure nonwoven during its transition between two different successive airspace zones: an upstream zone in which is generated a first air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface, and a downstream zone in which is generated at through the nonwoven and the transport surface, a second air flow of power lower than the first air flow, is not implemented any air flow.

La présente invention trouve de manière préférentielle son application dans le domaine de la fabrication de non-tissés par voie aéraulique, c'est-à-dire selon une technique encore communément désignée technique « airlay », ainsi que dans le domaine des non-tissés cardés.The present invention finds preferentially its application in the field of the manufacture of nonwovens by aeraulic route, that is to say according to a technique still commonly referred to as "airlay" technique, as well as in the field of nonwovens carded.

Art antérieurPrior art Non-tisséNonwoven

Dans le présent texte, on désigne d'une manière générale par le terme « non-tissé », tout voile de fibres et/ou de filaments ou superposition de voiles de fibres et/ou de filaments, indépendamment de la méthode de fabrication du ou des voiles, et du type de fibres ou filaments. En particulier, le non-tissé peut être constitué d'un ou plusieurs voiles de fibres ou filaments choisis parmi la liste : voile non-tissé cardé, voile non-tissé « air laid », voile non-tissé de type « meltblown », voile non-tissé de type « spun ». En cas de pluralité de voiles superposés, tous les voiles peuvent être du même type, ou le non-tissé peut être composite, c'est-à-dire constitué de plusieurs voiles de types différents tel que par exemple un non-tissé composite de type CMC (voile cardé/voile « meltblown »/voile cardé) ou encore de type SMS (voile « spun »/voile « meltblown »/ voile « spun »)In the present text, the term "non-woven" generally designates any web of fibers and / or filaments or superposition of webs of fibers and / or filaments, regardless of the method of manufacture of the sails, and the type of fibers or filaments. In particular, the nonwoven may consist of one or more veils of fibers or filaments chosen from the list: carded nonwoven web, nonwoven web "ugly air", nonwoven web of "meltblown" type, Spun non-woven sail. In the case of a plurality of superimposed sails, all the sails may be of the same type, or the nonwoven may be composite, that is to say composed of several sails of different types such as for example a nonwoven Composite type CMC (carded sail / sail "meltblown" / sail carded) or type SMS (sail "spun" / sail "meltblown" / sail "spun")

Il est rappelé qu'un non-tissé subit généralement à un stade ultérieur de sa constitution une ou plusieurs étapes de consolidation tel que notamment liage mécanique par exemple par aiguilletage, liage hydraulique par jets d'eau, thermoliage par calandrage, ou liage chimique par exemple au moyen d'un adhésif. Dans le présent texte, le terme « non-tissé » désigne indifféremment le voile ou la superposition de voiles de fibres et/ou filaments avant consolidation ou après consolidation.It is recalled that a nonwoven generally undergoes at a later stage of its constitution one or more consolidation stages such as in particular mechanical bonding, for example by needling, hydraulic bonding by water jets, thermoling by calendering, or chemical bonding by example by means of an adhesive. In the present text, the term "non-woven" designates indifferently the veil or the superposition of veils of fibers and / or filaments before consolidation or after consolidation.

Transport du non-tisséTransport of the nonwoven

Pour transporter un non-tissé (en cours de fabrication ou après fabrication pour lui faire subir des étapes de traitement ultérieur), il est connu de mettre en oeuvre une surface de transport perméable à l'air (par exemple cylindre perforé, bande de transporteur perméable à l'air du type tapis à mailles) en combinaison avec au moins un flux d'air qui traverse le non-tissé et la surface de transport, et qui permet de plaquer le non-tissé contre la surface de transport, sur tout ou partie du trajet du non-tissé. La plupart du temps (mais pas exclusivement), ce flux d'air est généré par aspiration.In order to transport a nonwoven fabric (during manufacture or after manufacture for subjecting it to subsequent processing steps), it is known to use a breathable transport surface (for example a perforated cylinder, a conveyor belt breathable mesh type) in combination with at least one air flow that passes through the nonwoven and the transport surface, and which allows the nonwoven to be pressed against the transport surface, over any or part of the path of the nonwoven. Most of the time (but not exclusively), this airflow is generated by suction.

Pour une meilleure compréhension du problème technique que vise à résoudre l'invention, des exemples de transport d'un non-tissé « airlaid » et de transport d'un non-tissé cardé, vont à présent être successivement détaillés, étant toutefois précisé que l'invention, bien que trouvant préférentiellement son application au transport de ces deux types particuliers de non-tissés (non-tissé « airlaid » et non-tissé cardé) n'est toutefois pas limitée à ces non-tissés, mais peut également être appliquée au transport d'autres types de non-tissés.For a better understanding of the technical problem to be solved by the invention, examples of transport of a non-woven "airlaid" and transport of a nonwoven carded, will now be successively detailed, however, it is specified that the invention, although preferentially finding its application to the transport of these two particular types of nonwovens (nonwoven "airlaid" and nonwoven carded) is however not limited to these nonwovens, but can also be applied to the transport of other types of nonwovens.

Non-tissés « airlaid »Non-woven "airlaid"

La technique « airlay » de formation d'un non-tissé se caractérise essentiellement par la dispersion dans une chambre et la projection sur une surface de réception mobile, de fibres individuelles, au moyen d'un flux d'air haute vitesse, ladite surface de réception étant perméable à l'air et permettant la formation et le transport à l'extérieur de la chambre de dispersion du non-tissé. Par souci de simplification, dans la suite du texte, cette surface est désignée surface de « transport » .The "airlay" technique for forming a nonwoven is essentially characterized by the dispersion in a chamber and the projection on a mobile receiving surface of individual fibers by means of a high velocity air flow, said surface of reception being permeable to air and allowing formation and transport outside the dispersion chamber of the nonwoven. For the sake of simplicity, in the rest of the text, this surface is designated "transport" surface.

Parmi les nombreuses publications décrivant des machines de formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique (technique « airlay »), on peut citer à titre d'exemples de réalisation les publications suivantes : les brevets US 3 512 218, US 4 097 965, US 4 475 271, la demande de brevet européen EP 0 093 585 et la demande de brevet internationale WO02/088441,Among the numerous publications describing airless nonwoven forming machines ("airlay" technique), mention may be made, as exemplary embodiments, of the following publications: US Patents 3,512,218, US 4,097,965 , US 4,475,271, European Patent Application EP 0 093 585 and International Patent Application WO02 / 088441,

Dans les publications précitées, le flux d'air pour la dispersion des fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion et leur projection sur la surface de transport est obtenu en mettant en oeuvre des moyens d'aspiration, qui sont disposés en dessous de la surface de formation et de transport.In the aforementioned publications, the air flow for the dispersion of the fibers inside the dispersion chamber and their projection on the transport surface is obtained by using suction means, which are arranged below the training and transportation area.

Dans les publications précitées, lorsque le non-tissé est acheminé par la surface de transport à l'extérieur de la chambre de dispersion des fibres, le non-tissé passe d'une zone amont (dans la chambre de dispersion) dans laquelle est mise en oeuvre une aspiration forte à travers le non-tissé, à une zone aval (en sortie de la chambre de dispersion), dans laquelle il n'est plus mis en oeuvre d'aspiration. Dans le présent texte, les termes « amont » et « aval » sont définis par rapport à la direction de déplacement de la surface de transport du non-tissé.In the aforementioned publications, when the nonwoven is conveyed by the transport surface outside the fiber dispersion chamber, the nonwoven passes from an upstream zone (in the dispersion chamber) in which is placed a strong suction is applied through the nonwoven to a downstream zone (at the outlet of the dispersion chamber), in which suction is no longer used. In the present text, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined with respect to the direction of movement of the transport surface of the nonwoven.

Les fibres du non-tissé situées dans la zone amont sont comprimées sous l'effet du flux d'air aspiré, et lorsqu'elles quittent la chambre de dispersion sont brusquement relâchées du fait de l'absence d'aspiration à la sortie de la chambre. Si l'on ne prend pas de précaution particulière, du fait de ce relâchement des fibres, les fibres du non-tissé ont tendance à se retourner ou à se replier sur elles, ce qui se traduit en sortie de la chambre de dispersion par la formation d'une accumulation de fibres (encore désignée « carotte ») sur toute la largeur du non-tissé. Cette accumulation se produit le plus souvent au démarrage de la fabrication du non-tissé « airlaid », le non-tissé s'enroulant sur lui-même au niveau de son bord transversal avant, et il faut dans ce cas arrêter la production. Des accumulations transversales de fibres peuvent également se produire localement et de manière aléatoire en cours de production, ce qui nuit fortement à la qualité du non-tissé produit.The fibers of the nonwoven located in the upstream zone are compressed under the effect of the suction air flow, and when they leave the dispersion chamber are suddenly released due to the absence of suction at the exit of the bedroom. If no particular precaution is taken, because of this loosening of the fibers, the fibers of the nonwoven tend to turn or fold over them, which results in the output of the dispersion chamber by the forming a build-up of fibers (still referred to as "carrot") over the entire width of the nonwoven. This accumulation occurs most often at the start of the manufacturing process. non-woven "airlaid", the non-woven winding on itself at its front transverse edge, and it is necessary in this case stop production. Transverse accumulations of fibers can also occur locally and randomly during production, which greatly affects the quality of the nonwoven produced.

Pour pallier ce problème, de manière usuelle, et notamment dans les machines « airlay » décrites dans les publications précitées, on maintient mécaniquement le non-tissé contre la surface de transport, au moyen d'un organe en contact avec la face supérieure du non-tissé, lorsque le non-tissé quitte la chambre de dispersion (passage de la zone amont à forte aspiration à la zone aval dépourvue d'aspiration).To overcome this problem, in the usual manner, and in particular in the "airlay" machines described in the aforementioned publications, the nonwoven is mechanically held against the transport surface, by means of a member in contact with the upper face of the non-woven fabric. -woven, when the non-woven leaves the dispersion chamber (passage from the upstream zone with strong suction to the downstream zone devoid of suction).

Dans le document US 4 097 965, le maintien mécanique du non-tissé est réalisé au moyen de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion qui est une plaque dont le bord inférieur vient s'appliquer sur la surface du non-tissé sortant de ladite chambre. Ce contact du bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion avec les fibres de surface du non-tissé génère toutefois des frottements qui sont susceptibles de provoquer des irrégularités sur le non-tissé et ce d'autant plus que la vitesse de déplacement de la surface transport du non-tissé est importante.In US Pat. No. 4,097,965, the mechanical retention of the nonwoven is carried out by means of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber which is a plate whose lower edge is applied to the surface of the nonwoven coming out of said bedroom. This contact of the lower edge of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber with the surface fibers of the nonwoven, however, generates friction which may cause irregularities on the nonwoven and all the more so that the speed of displacement the transport surface of the nonwoven is important.

Dans le document US 3 512 218, la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion comprend une plaque courbe sensiblement en forme d'arc de cercle, qui prend appui sur le non-tissé. Cette réalisation permet un contact plus progressif avec le non-tissé que celui obtenu dans la réalisation du brevet US 4 097 965. Cependant, il subsiste des risques importants d'altération du non-tissé.In US Pat. No. 3,512,218, the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber comprises a curved plate substantially in the shape of an arc of a circle, which bears on the nonwoven. This embodiment allows a more progressive contact with the nonwoven than that obtained in the implementation of US Pat. No. 4,097,965. However, there remain significant risks of alteration of the nonwoven.

Dans le document EP 0 093 585, on a disposé en sortie de la chambre de dispersion un rouleau presseur transversal qui est entraîné en rotation dans le sens de déplacement du non-tissé. La rotation de ce cylindre qui constitue en quelque sorte le bord inférieur de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion permet de limiter les frottements, et donc d'accompagner les fibres de surface du non-tissé lors de la sortie de la chambre de dispersion. Cependant, si l'on augmente la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, et donc corrélativement la vitesse de rotation du cylindre transversal, il se crée des flux d'air parasites qui perturbent l'homogénéité du non-tissé lors de son passage sous le rouleau presseur.In EP 0 093 585, a transverse pressure roller which is rotated in the direction of movement of the nonwoven is arranged at the outlet of the dispersion chamber. The rotation of this cylinder, which is in a way the lower edge of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber, makes it possible to limit the friction, and therefore to accompany the surface fibers of the nonwoven at the exit of the dispersion chamber. However, if one increases the speed of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven, and therefore correlatively the speed of rotation of the transverse cylinder, parasitic air flows are created which disturb the homogeneity of the non-woven during its passage under the pressure roller.

Egalement, ce rouleau presseur de faible diamètre prenant appui sur le non-tissé dans une zone de faible largeur, il peut occasionner une déformation préjudiciable du non-tissé.Also, this small diameter pressure roller bearing on the nonwoven in a narrow area, it can cause a detrimental deformation of the nonwoven.

Enfin, ce rouleau presseur de faible diamètre occasionne des risques d'enroulement des fibres sur sa périphérie. Plus les fibres sont longues et/ou plus la vitesse de rotation du rouleau est élevée, plus les risques d'enroulement des fibres sur le rouleau sont élevés.Finally, this pressure roller of small diameter causes risks of winding fibers on its periphery. The longer the fibers and / or the higher the rotation speed of the roll, the greater the risk of winding the fibers on the roll.

Dans le document WO02/088441, la paroi avant de la chambre de dispersion est poreuse dans sa partie basse, ladite partie basse ayant de préférence un profil courbe sensiblement en arc de cercle. On évite ainsi la création des flux d'air parasites provoqués par la rotation rapide d'un cylindre transversal. Cependant, en fonctionnement, la tôle mince micro-perforée qui constitue la partie basse de la paroi aval de la chambre de dispersion exerce sur le non-tissé une faible force de compression qui le comprime légèrement. Cette disposition évite que le flux d'aspiration créé par la boîte d'aspiration ne vienne engendrer un flux d'air entrant qui pénétrerait à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion en passant entre le bord inférieur de la paroi aval et le brin supérieur de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé, un tel flux d'air étant préjudiciable à la qualité dudit non-tissé.In WO02 / 088441, the front wall of the dispersion chamber is porous in its lower part, said lower part preferably having a curved profile substantially in a circular arc. This avoids the creation of parasitic air flows caused by the rapid rotation of a transverse cylinder. However, in operation, the micro-perforated thin sheet which constitutes the lower part of the downstream wall of the dispersion chamber exerts on the non-woven a low compression force which compresses it slightly. This arrangement prevents the suction flow created by the suction box from generating an inflow of incoming air which would penetrate inside the dispersion chamber by passing between the lower edge of the downstream wall and the upper strand. the surface of formation and transport of the nonwoven, such air flow being detrimental to the quality of said nonwoven.

Cependant, ce contact entre la tôle mince micro-perforée et les fibres de surface du non-tissé en sortie de la chambre de dispersion provoque des frottements susceptibles de déformer le non-tissé et de créer des irrégularités sur celui-ci et ce d'autant plus que la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé est élevée.However, this contact between the micro-perforated thin sheet and the surface fibers of the nonwoven at the outlet of the dispersion chamber causes friction that may deform the nonwoven and create irregularities thereon. as much as the speed of movement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven is high.

Dans le document WO02/088441 la partie basse poreuse, de la paroi avant de la chambre de dispersion peut aussi être constituée par un cylindre rotatif poreux, notamment un cylindre micro-perforé. Ce mode de réalisation permet réduire les frottements, lorsque le cylindre est entraîné à une vitesse périphérique qui est égale à la vitesse de déplacement de la surface de formation et de transport du non-tissé. Cependant, on retrouve dans ce cas les mêmes inconvénients précités que pour le rouleau presseur du document EPO 093585.In WO02 / 088441 the porous bottom part of the front wall of the dispersion chamber may also be constituted by a porous rotary cylinder, in particular a micro-perforated cylinder. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce friction, when the cylinder is driven at a peripheral speed which is equal to the speed of displacement of the formation and transport surface of the nonwoven. However, we find in this case the same disadvantages mentioned above for the pressure roller EPO document 093585.

En résumé, l'inconvénient majeur et commun à toutes les solutions techniques des publications précitées réside dans le fait qu'elles mettent en oeuvre en sortie de la chambre de dispersion un organe mécanique presseur en contact avec la surface du non-tissé.In summary, the major disadvantage common to all the technical solutions of the aforementioned publications lies in the fact that they implement at the outlet of the dispersion chamber a mechanical pressing member in contact with the surface of the nonwoven.

On a par ailleurs proposé dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1 467 011, de mettre en oeuvre une aspiration dégressive, dans une zone d'aspiration qui s'étend au droit de la chambre de dispersion et en aval de cette chambre de dispersion, avec une diminution des vitesses d'air entre l'amont et l'aval de ladite zone d'aspiration.It has also been proposed in the European patent application EP 1 467 011, to implement a degressive suction, in a suction zone which extends to the right of the dispersion chamber and downstream of the dispersion chamber, with a decrease in air velocities between upstream and downstream of said suction zone.

Cette solution est avantageuse car elle évite l'utilisation, au niveau de la sortie de la chambre de dispersion, d'un organe mécanique presseur.This solution is advantageous because it avoids the use, at the output of the dispersion chamber, of a mechanical pressing member.

Cependant avec cette solution d'aspiration dégressive, il subsiste des risques d'altération ou de retournement du non-tissé lors de son passage d'une zone d'aspiration à l'autre. Ce risque est fonction d'un certain nombre de paramètres parmi lesquels : la valeur des différentiels des paliers de vitesse d'air entre deux zones d'aspiration successives, du poids du non-tissé, de la longueur des fibres, du type de fibres, et notamment de leur plus ou moins grande aptitude à se détendre par effet « ressort » lorsqu'elle ne sont plus maintenues ou moins maintenues par aspiration contre le surface de transport, de la vitesse de transport du non-tissé.However, with this degressive suction solution, there remains the risk of alteration or rollover of the nonwoven during its passage from one suction zone to another. This risk is a function of a certain number of parameters among which: the value of the differentials of the air speed bearings between two successive suction zones, the weight of the nonwoven, the length of the fibers, the type of fibers , and in particular their greater or lesser ability to relax by "spring" effect when they are no longer maintained or less maintained by suction against the transport surface, the transport speed of the nonwoven.

Pour pallier ce risque, on est en pratique amené à mettre en oeuvre, au niveau de la transition entre deux zones d'aspiration successives un rouleau presseur, tel que cela est décrit notamment dans la variante de réalisation de la figure 5 du document EP 1 467 011 ou illustré sur les variantes des figures 1 et 2 du document EP 1 467 011.To mitigate this risk, we are in practice led to at the transition between two successive sucking zones a pressure roller, as described in particular in the variant embodiment of FIG. 5 of document EP 1 467 011 or illustrated in the variants of FIGS. 1 and 2 of FIG. EP 1 467 011.

On retrouve alors les inconvénients précités découlant de la mise en oeuvre d'un rouleau presseur en contact avec le non-tissé, notamment risques de déformation permanente du non-tissé, et risque d'enroulement des fibres.Then we find the aforementioned disadvantages arising from the implementation of a pressure roller in contact with the non-woven, including the risk of permanent deformation of the non-woven, and risk of winding fibers.

Non-tissés cardésCarded non-woven

Dans le domaine de la fabrication et/ou du transport de non-tissés cardés, il est également connu de mettre en oeuvre des moyens d'aspiration en combinaison avec une surface de transport perméable à l'air, en sorte de maintenir le non-tissé contre la surface de transport.In the field of the manufacture and / or transport of carded nonwovens, it is also known to use suction means in combination with a transport surface permeable to air, so as to maintain the non-woven material. woven against the transport surface.

La demande de brevet européen EP 0 704 561 décrit par exemple une sortie de carde, dans laquelle le non-tissé produit par la carde est transféré entre un cylindre détacheur de la carde et une bande de transport perméable à l'air, le transfert du non-tissé étant facilité par la mise en oeuvre d'une aspiration.European patent application EP 0 704 561 for example describes a card outlet, in which the nonwoven produced by the card is transferred between a detaching cylinder of the card and an air permeable conveyor belt, the transfer of the card. nonwoven being facilitated by the implementation of a suction.

Dans la région de transition entre la zone d'aspiration et la zone aval sans aspiration, il y a un risque que le non-tissé soit altéré, et notamment que les fibres du non-tissé se retournent et forment une « carotte » transversale dans le non-tissé.In the region of transition between the suction zone and the downstream zone without suction, there is a risk that the nonwoven is altered, and in particular that the fibers of the nonwoven turn around and form a transverse "carrot" in the non-woven.

La demande de brevet internationale WO 96/30571 décrit un procédé de fabrication d'un non-tissé mettant en oeuvre au moins une carde, un tapis pour la réception et le transport du non-tissé cardé en sortie de carde, et au moins un premier caisson d'aspiration dans la région de transfert du non-tissé entre le dernier cylindre de la carde et le tapis de transport. Le même problème d'altération de la structure du non-tissé se pose, lorsqu'il quitte la zone d'aspiration dudit premier caisson d'aspiration.International Patent Application WO 96/30571 discloses a method for manufacturing a nonwoven fabric using at least one card, a carpet for receiving and transporting the nonwoven carded at the card outlet, and at least one first suction box in the transfer region of the nonwoven between the last cylinder of the card and the conveyor belt. The same problem of alteration of the structure of the nonwoven arises when it leaves the suction zone of said first suction box.

Dans la publication WO 96/30571, il est également prévu dans une variante de réalisation d'aspirer le non-tissé sur tout le trajet du non-tissé, plusieurs zones successives d'aspiration étant ainsi prévues sur la longueur du tapis de transport. Dans ce cas, il existe également un risque d'altération de la structure du non-tissé lorsque celui-ci passe d'une zone d'aspiration amont à une zone d'aspiration aval dans laquelle l'aspiration est plus faible que dans la zone amont, et en particulier lorsque le différentiel de vitesses d'air entre les zones amont et aval est suffisamment important pour obtenir un retournement du non-tissé.In the publication WO 96/30571, it is also provided in an alternative embodiment of sucking the nonwoven throughout the path of the nonwoven, several successive suction areas thus being provided along the length of the conveyor belt. In this case, there is also a risk of alteration of the structure of the nonwoven when it passes from an upstream suction zone to a downstream suction zone in which the suction is lower than in the upstream zone, and in particular when the air velocity differential between the upstream and downstream zones is large enough to obtain a reversal of the nonwoven.

Dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1 295 973, il est décrit un procédé de transport d'une bande textile et en particulier d'un non-tissé. Dans ce procédé, il est mis en oeuvre des déflecteurs d'air, qui sont positionnés au dessous d'un tapis de transport perméable à l'air, et qui permettent de dévier l'air entraîné par le tapis de transport, ce qui permet de créer un flux d'air à travers le tapis de transport et le non-tissé, et de ce fait de faire mieux adhérer le textile sur la surface de transport. Il est également prévu des moyens d'aspirations, qui sont localisés dans la zone de réception amont du non-tissé, et qui sont activés au moins temporairement au cours d'une phase de démarrage. Lorsque le non-tissé passe de la zone d'aspiration forcée amont à la zone aval adjacente dans laquelle est mis en oeuvre un flux d'air présentant des vitesses d'air plus faibles, il y existe également un risque d'altération du non-tissé.In the European patent application EP 1 295 973, there is described a method of transporting a textile web and in particular a nonwoven fabric. In this method, air baffles are implemented which are positioned beneath an air-permeable conveyor belt and which divert the air entrained by the conveyor belt, thereby permitting to create a flow of air through the conveyor belt and the nonwoven, and thus to better adhere the textile on the transport surface. Aspiration means are also provided which are located in the upstream receiving zone of the nonwoven and which are activated at least temporarily during a start-up phase. When the nonwoven passes from the upstream forced suction zone to the adjacent downstream zone in which a flow of air with lower air speeds is used, there is also a risk of alteration of the non-woven material. -woven.

Problème techniqueTechnical problem

En conclusion, le transport d'un non-tissé au moyen d'une surface de transport perméable à l'air occasionne un risque d'altération (déformation ou retournement) du non-tissé lors du passage du non-tissé entre deux zones successives : une zone amont dans laquelle est mise en oeuvre un premier flux d'air à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, et une zone aval dans laquelle soit est mis en oeuvre à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, un deuxième flux d'air de puissance plus faible, soit n'est mis en oeuvre aucun flux d'air à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport.In conclusion, the transport of a nonwoven by means of an air permeable transport surface causes a risk of alteration (deformation or inversion) of the nonwoven during the passage of the nonwoven between two successive zones. an upstream zone in which is implemented a first air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface, and a downstream zone in which is implemented through the nonwoven and the transport surface a second, lower power airflow or no air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface.

Les risques d'altération du non-tissé dépendent de nombreux paramètres dont les principaux sont : les différences de vitesses d'air entre les deux zones d'aspiration successives amont et aval, le poids du non-tissé, la longueur des fibres, le type de fibres, et notamment leur plus ou moins grande aptitude à se détendre par effet « ressort » lorsqu'elles ne sont plus maintenues ou moins maintenues par aspiration contre le surface de transport, la cohésion des fibres du non-tissé, la vitesse de transport du non-tissé.The risks of alteration of the nonwoven depend on many parameters, the main ones being: the air velocity differences between the two successive upstream and downstream suction zones, the weight of the nonwoven, the length of the fibers, the type of fibers, and in particular their more or less great ability to relax by "spring" effect when they are no longer maintained or less maintained by suction against the transport surface, the cohesion of the nonwoven fibers, the speed of transport of the nonwoven.

En particulier, ce problème d'altération est prépondérant pour des non-tissés non consolidés.In particular, this problem of alteration is preponderant for non-woven fabrics unbound.

Plus particulièrement, ce problème d'altération est prépondérant pour des vitesses de transport élevées, c'est-à-dire typiquement supérieures à 150m/s pour des non-tissés cardés ou « airlaid » qui n'ont pas encore été consolidés.More particularly, this problem of alteration is preponderant for high transport speeds, that is to say typically greater than 150 m / s for non-woven carded or "airlaid" which have not yet been consolidated.

Ce problème d'altération se pose quel que soit le type de la surface de transport perméable à l'air, et notamment se pose indifféremment pour des surfaces de transport planes du type bande de transport, ou courbes tel qu'un cylindre.This problem of alteration arises irrespective of the type of the air-permeable transport surface, and in particular arises equally well for plane conveying surfaces of the conveyor belt type, or curves such as a cylinder.

Objectifs de l'inventionObjectives of the invention

Un objectif principal de la présente invention est de proposer une nouvelle solution technique au problème précité d'altération de la structure d'un non-tissé transporté sur une surface de transport perméable à l'air, ladite solution devant permettre de pallier les inconvénients précités découlant dans l'art antérieur, de la mise en oeuvre d'un organe presseur au contact avec la surface du non-tissé.A main objective of the present invention is to propose a new technical solution to the aforementioned problem of altering the structure of a nonwoven transported on a transport surface permeable to air, said solution to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks arising in the prior art, the implementation of a pressing member in contact with the surface of the nonwoven.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Cet objectif principal est atteint par l'invention qui a pour objets principaux un nouveau procédé et un nouveau dispositif de transport d'un non-tissé.This main object is achieved by the invention which has for its main objects a new method and a new device for transporting a nonwoven.

Le procédé de l'invention est connu de l'art antérieur en ce qu'on transporte le non-tissé au moyen d'une surface de transport perméable à l'air, dans au moins une zone amont dans laquelle on génère un flux d'air amont qui traverse le non-tissé puis la surface de transport, et, en sortie de la zone amont, dans au moins une zone aval dans laquelle soit on génère un flux d'air aval de plus faible puissance qui traverse le non-tissé puis la surface de transport, soit on ne génère pas de flux d'air à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport.The method of the invention is known from the prior art in that the nonwoven is transported by means of a transport surface permeable to the air, in at least one upstream zone in which an upstream air flow is generated which passes through the nonwoven then the transport surface, and, at the outlet of the upstream zone, into at least one downstream zone in which either a lower power downstream air stream is generated which passes through the nonwoven and then the transport surface, or no flow of air is generated through the nonwoven and the transport surface.

De manière caractéristique selon l'invention, on charge électrostatiquement le non-tissé et/ou la surface de transport en sorte de faire adhérer le non-tissé contre la surface de transport au moins dans la région de transition entre les deux zones amont et aval.Characteristically according to the invention, the nonwoven and / or the transport surface are electrostatically charged so as to adhere the nonwoven against the transport surface at least in the transition region between the two upstream and downstream zones. .

Le dispositif de l'invention pour le transport d'un non-tissé est connu de l'art antérieur en ce qu'il comporte une surface de transport perméable à l'air, des premiers moyens permettant de générer un flux d'air amont à travers la surface de transport dans une zone amont, et éventuellement des deuxièmes moyens qui sont conçus pour générer à travers la surface de transport un flux d'air aval de plus faible puissance dans une zone aval qui s'étend depuis la zone amont.The device of the invention for transporting a nonwoven is known from the prior art in that it comprises a transport surface permeable to air, first means for generating an upstream air flow. through the transport surface in an upstream zone, and possibly second means which are adapted to generate through the transport surface a downstream air flow of lower power in a downstream zone extending from the upstream zone.

De manière caractéristique selon l'invention, le dispositif comprend des moyens d'ionisation permettant de générer des ions au moins dans tout ou partie de la zone amont et à proximité de la surface de transport. la différence de vitesses d'air entre les zones amont et aval est suffisamment importante pour occasionner une altération de la structure du non-tissé en l'absence de charge électrostatique du non-tissé et/ou de la surface de transport.Typically according to the invention, the device comprises ionization means for generating ions at least in all or part of the upstream zone and near the transport surface. the air velocity difference between the upstream and downstream zones is sufficiently large to cause an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven in the absence of electrostatic charge of the nonwoven and / or the transport surface.

Plus particulièrement, le procédé de transport de l'invention comporte les caractéristiques additionnelles et facultatives ci-après, prises isolément ou en combinaison :

  • le non-tissé n'est pas consolidé ;
  • le non-tissé a été fabriqué par voie aéraulique ou est un non-tissé cardé ;
  • la vitesse de transport du non-tissé est supérieure à 120 m/min et de préférence supérieure à 150 m/min.
More particularly, the transport method of the invention comprises the following additional and optional features, taken alone or in combination:
  • the nonwoven is not consolidated;
  • the nonwoven has been manufactured aerially or is a nonwoven carded;
  • the transport speed of the nonwoven is greater than 120 m / min and preferably greater than 150 m / min.

Le dispositif de transport de l'invention comporte les caractéristiques additionnelles et facultatives ci-après, prises isolément ou en combinaison :

  • les moyens d'ionisation permettent de générer un champ ionisant qui s'étend au moins jusqu'à la transition entre les zones amont et aval ;
  • en fonctionnement, la différence de vitesses d'air entre les zones amont et aval est suffisamment importante pour occasionner une altération de la structure du non-tissé en l'absence de fonctionnement des moyens d'ionisation.
The transport device of the invention comprises the following additional and optional features, taken alone or in combination:
  • the ionization means make it possible to generate an ionizing field which extends at least up to the transition between the upstream and downstream zones;
  • in operation, the difference in air velocities between the upstream and downstream zones is sufficiently large to cause an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven in the absence of operation of the ionization means.

L'invention a pour autres objets une machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé (W) par voie aéraulique et une machine pour la production d'un non-tissé cardé.The invention also relates to a machine for the formation of a nonwoven (W) by aerodynamic means and a machine for the production of a carded nonwoven.

La machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique, est connue en ce qu'elle comporte :

  • une surface de transport du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air,
  • une chambre de dispersion surmontant une partie de la surface de transport,
  • des moyens permettant d'alimenter la chambre de dispersion avec des fibres destinées à former le non-tissé,
  • et des moyens qui sont aptes à créer, à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion, un flux d'air permettant de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de transport.
The machine for the formation of a nonwoven by aeraulic route, is known in that it comprises:
  • a transport surface of the nonwoven, which is permeable to air,
  • a dispersion chamber surmounting part of the transport surface,
  • means for supplying the dispersion chamber with fibers intended to form the nonwoven,
  • and means which are capable of creating, within the dispersion chamber, a flow of air to disperse the fibers within the chamber and to project them onto the transport surface.

De manière caractéristique selon l'invention, la machine est équipée à l'extérieur et en aval de la chambre de dispersion, d'un dispositif de transport de l'invention, la surface de transport de ce dispositif étant celle utilisée pour la formation du non-tissé dans la chambre de dispersion.Characteristically according to the invention, the machine is equipped outside and downstream of the dispersion chamber with a transport device of the invention, the transport surface of this device being that used for the formation of the nonwoven in the dispersion chamber.

La machine de l'invention pour la production d'un non-tissé cardé comporte un cylindre détacheur et est équipée d'un dispositif de transport de l'invention, ladite zone amont de ce dispositif de transport étant située dans la région de transfert du non-tissé entre le cylindre détacheur et la surface de transport perméable à l'air.The machine of the invention for producing a carded nonwoven comprises a detaching cylinder and is equipped with a transport device of the invention, said upstream zone of this transport device being located in the transfer region of the nonwoven between the detaching cylinder and the transport surface permeable to the air.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée ci-après de deux exemples préférés de réalisation dans le domaine du transport respectivement des non-tissés « air laid » et des non-tissés cardés, laquelle description est donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et non exhaustif de l'invention, et en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une machine « airlay » conforme à l'invention, et
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'une sortie de carde conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following detailed description of two preferred embodiments in the field of transport respectively of "ugly air" nonwovens and carded nonwovens, which description is given by way of non-limiting and non-exhaustive example of the invention, and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an "airlay" machine according to the invention, and
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a card output according to the invention.

Description détailléedetailed description

On a représenté sur la figure 1, une machine de formation d'un non-tissé W par voie aéraulique. Cette machine constitue un perfectionnement de la machine représentée sur la figure 5 de la demande de brevet européen EP 1467 011, en ce qu'on a substitué au rouleau presseur de la machine « airlay » du document EP 1467 011, une barre ionisante.There is shown in Figure 1, a machine for forming a nonwoven W airway. This machine is an improvement of the machine shown in Figure 5 of the European patent application EP 1467 011, in that was substituted for the pressure roller of the machine "airlay" EP 1467 011, an ionizing bar.

Pour une description détaillée de la structure et du fonctionnement de cette machine « airlay », qui sont communs avec la machine de la figure 5 du document EP 1 467 011, on se reportera à la description qui en est faite dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1 467 011.For a detailed description of the structure and operation of this machine "airlay", which are common with the machine of Figure 5 of the document EP 1 467 011, reference is made to the description which is made in the European patent application EP 1 467 011.

En substance, cette machine « airlay » comporte de manière connue :

  • une surface de transport 1 du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air,
  • une chambre de dispersion 2 surmontant une partie de la surface de transport 1, ladite partie de la surface de transport 1 au droit de la chambre de dispersion étant utilisée pour la formation du non-tissé W
  • des moyens permettant d'alimenter en partie haute la chambre de dispersion avec des fibres destinées à former le non-tissé W; dans l'exemple particulier illustré, ces moyens comportent essentiellement un cylindre disperseur 3, de préférence combiné à un flux d'air (flèches A) injecté en partie haute de la chambre 2 et permettant d'entraîner des fibres depuis une cheminée ou trémie d'alimentation (non représentée) surmontant la chambre et en communication avec la partie haute de la chambre de dispersion 2,
  • et des moyens d'aspiration 4 qui sont positionnés sous la surface de transport 1, et qui sont aptes à créer par aspiration, à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion, un flux d'air haute vitesse qui permet de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de transport 1.
In essence, this machine "airlay" comprises in known manner:
  • a transport surface 1 of the nonwoven, which is permeable to air,
  • a dispersion chamber 2 surmounting part of the surface 1, said part of the transport surface 1 to the right of the dispersion chamber being used for the formation of the nonwoven W
  • means for feeding the dispersion chamber to the upper part with fibers intended to form the nonwoven W; in the particular example illustrated, these means essentially comprise a dispersing cylinder 3, preferably combined with an air flow (arrows A) injected in the upper part of the chamber 2 and for driving fibers from a chimney or hopper. supply (not shown) surmounting the chamber and in communication with the upper part of the dispersion chamber 2,
  • and suction means 4 which are positioned under the transport surface 1, and which are able to create by suction, inside the dispersion chamber, a high-speed air flow which allows the dispersions of the fibers to be dispersed. inside the chamber and project them onto the transport surface 1.

Les moyens d'aspiration 4 sont constitués par un caisson d'aspiration à trois compartiments successifs 41, 42 et 43, chaque compartiment d'aspiration s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la largeur de la surface de transport 1 (direction perpendiculaire à la direction d'avancement F de la surface de transport).The suction means 4 are constituted by a suction box with three successive compartments 41, 42 and 43, each suction compartment extending substantially over the entire width of the transport surface 1 (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel). advancement F of the transport surface).

Le compartiment 41 est situé et s'étend exclusivement au droit de la chambre de dispersion 2 ; il permet de créer un premier flux d'air F1 passant à travers la surface de transport 1 et le non-tissé W dans une première zone d'aspiration Z1. Le deuxième compartiment 42 s'étend en faible partie au droit de la chambre de dispersion 2, et se prolonge au-delà de la paroi aval 2a de la chambre ; il permet de créer un deuxième flux d'air F2 passant à travers la surface de transport 1 et le non-tissé W dans une deuxième zone d'aspiration Z2. Le troisième compartiment 43 est situé à l'extérieur et en aval de la chambre de dispersion 2 ; il permet de créer un troisième flux d'air F3 passant à travers la surface de transport 1 et le non-tissé W dans une troisième zone d'aspiration Z3.The compartment 41 is located and extends exclusively to the right of the dispersion chamber 2; it makes it possible to create a first air flow F1 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W into a first suction zone Z1. The second compartment 42 extends in a small part to the right of the dispersion chamber 2, and extends beyond the downstream wall 2a of the chamber; it makes it possible to create a second air flow F2 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W into a second suction zone Z2. The third compartment 43 is located outside and downstream of the dispersion chamber 2; it allows to creating a third air flow F3 passing through the transport surface 1 and the nonwoven W in a third suction zone Z3.

Pour créer chaque flux d'air F1, F2, F3, les compartiments 41, 42, 43 peuvent être mis en dépression au moyen d'un même ventilateur (solution plus économique) ou chaque compartiment peut être équipé individuellement de son propre ventilateur (solution plus coûteuse).To create each air flow F1, F2, F3, the compartments 41, 42, 43 can be put under vacuum by means of the same fan (more economical solution) or each compartment can be individually equipped with its own fan (solution more expensive).

Conformément à l'invention, la machine « airlay » comporte une barre ionisante 5. Cette barre ionisante 5 est positionnée en aval et à l'extérieur de la chambre de dispersion 2, au niveau de la deuxième zone d'aspiration Z2, et à proximité de la surface de transport 1. Cette barre ionisante 5 s'étend, dans la direction perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 1, sur sensiblement toute la largeur de la surface de transport 1.According to the invention, the machine "airlay" comprises an ionizing bar 5. This ionizing bar 5 is positioned downstream and outside the dispersion chamber 2, at the level of the second suction zone Z2, and close to the transport surface 1. This ionizing bar 5 extends, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, over substantially the entire width of the transport surface 1.

La barre ionisante 5 permet en fonctionnement de générer un champ électrique 5a puissant, saturé en ions, dit champ ionisant. A cet effet, la barre ionisante comporte par exemple une pluralité d'électrodes ou pointes haute tension qui sont alimentées par un générateur de haute tension continue (non représenté).The ionizing bar 5 allows in operation to generate a powerful electric field 5a, saturated with ions, said ionizing field. For this purpose, the ionizing bar comprises for example a plurality of electrodes or high voltage peaks which are powered by a continuous high voltage generator (not shown).

Plus particulièrement, dans l'exemple particulier illustré sur la figure 1, la barre ionisante 5 permet de générer des ions négatifs dans la deuxième zone d'aspiration Z2 et à proximité de la surface du non-tissé W. La surface de transport 1, qui est réalisée dans un matériau électriquement conducteur, fait office de masse reliée à la terre.More particularly, in the particular example illustrated in FIG. 1, the ionizing bar 5 makes it possible to generate negative ions in the second suction zone Z2 and close to the surface of the nonwoven W. The transport surface 1, which is made of an electrically conductive material acts as grounded ground.

Le non-tissé W est constitué de fibres formant un matériau diélectrique. Il s'agit par exemple de fibres synthétiques à base de polypropylène ou polyéthylène, et/ou de fibres naturelles du type coton, et/ou de fibres artificielles de type viscose.The nonwoven W consists of fibers forming a dielectric material. These are, for example, synthetic fibers based on polypropylene or polyethylene, and / or natural fibers of the cotton type, and / or artificial fibers of the viscose type.

En fonctionnement, le non-tissé qui est formé dans la chambre de dispersion 2 est acheminé en dehors de cette chambre par la surface de transport 1. La puissance du flux d'air F1 dans la zone d'aspiration Z1 est supérieure à celle du flux d'air F2 dans la deuxième zone d'aspiration, cependant le différentiel de vitesses d'air (V1 rapport à V2) est suffisamment faible pour que le non-tissé ne soit pas altéré lors de son passage de la première zone Z1 à la deuxième zone Z2.In operation, the nonwoven which is formed in the dispersion chamber 2 is conveyed outside this chamber by the transport surface 1. The power of the air flow F1 in the suction zone Z1 is greater than that of the F2 airflow in the second suction zone, however the air velocity differential (V1 compared to V2) is low enough so that the nonwoven is not altered during its passage from the first zone Z1 to the second zone Z2.

La puissance du flux d'air F2 dans la zone d'aspiration Z2 est supérieure à celle du flux d'air F3 dans la troisième zone d'aspiration, le différentiel de vitesses d'air (V2 rapport à V3) est suffisamment important pour que, en l'absence de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le non-tissé W soit altéré lors de son passage de la zone Z2 à la deuxième zone Z3.The power of the air flow F2 in the suction zone Z2 is greater than that of the air flow F3 in the third suction zone, the air velocity differential (V2 compared to V3) is sufficiently large to that, in the absence of implementation of the invention, the nonwoven W is altered during its passage from the zone Z2 to the second zone Z3.

Pour éviter une altération de la structure du non-tissé, on met en fonctionnement la barre ionisante 5. Dans ce cas, lorsque le non-tissé W passe dans le champ ionisant 5a, il se charge en ions négatifs dans la deuxième zone d'aspiration Z2. Ces ions sont attirés par la surface de transport 1. La charge électrostatique du non-tissé W permet ainsi de plaquer temporairement le non-tissé contre la surface de transport 1. Lorsque le non-tissé W arrive à la transition entre les deux zones d'aspiration Z2 et Z3, il adhère électrostatiquement à la surface de transport, ce qui le rend insensible aux perturbations résultant du changement de vitesses d'air entre les deux zones Z2 et Z3.To avoid an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven, the ionizing bar 5 is put into operation. In this case, when the nonwoven W passes into the ionizing field 5a, it charges with negative ions in the second zone of Z2 suction. These ions are attracted by the transport surface 1. The electrostatic charge of the nonwoven W thus allows the nonwoven to be pressed temporarily against the transport surface 1. When the nonwoven W reaches the transition between the two zones of suction Z2 and Z3, it adheres electrostatically to the transport surface, which makes it insensitive to disturbances resulting from the change of air velocities between the two zones Z2 and Z3.

Lorsque le non-tissé W quitte le champ ionisant 5a, il se décharge progressivement jusqu'à redevenir neutre, les ions se déchargeant à la terre via la surface de transport conductrice. En pratique, cette décharge du non-tissé qui démarre dans la troisième zone Z3 peut selon le cas être achevée avant la fin de la zone Z3, ou en aval de cette zone. La décharge du non-tissé peut être achevée avant la fin de la zone Z3, lorsque les vitesses d'air (V3) dans la zone d'aspiration Z3 sont suffisamment faibles (par rapport à la zone aval de la zone Z3 qui est dépourvue d'aspiration/Vitesse d'air nulle) pour ne pas affecter la structure du non-tissé W, lorsqu'il quitte la troisième zone Z3.When the nonwoven W leaves the ionizing field 5a, it gradually discharges to become neutral, the ions discharging to the ground via the conductive transport surface. In practice, this discharge of the nonwoven which starts in the third zone Z3 can be completed, as the case may be, before the end of the zone Z3, or downstream of this zone. The discharge of the nonwoven can be completed before the end of the zone Z3, when the air velocities (V3) in the suction zone Z3 are sufficiently low (with respect to the downstream zone of the zone Z3 which is devoid of suction / zero air velocity) so as not to affect the structure of the nonwoven W when leaving the third zone Z3.

Egalement selon l'application, le champ ionisant 5a s'étend de préférence au moins jusqu'à la transition Z2/Z3 et éventuellement au-delà. Néanmoins, il est également envisageable que champ ionisant 5a s'arrête dans la zone Z2, à un point en amont de la transition Z2/Z3, l'essentiel étant que la charge électrostatique du non-tissé W soit encore suffisante lors de son passage au niveau de la transition Z2/Z3 pour obtenir un degré suffisant d'adhérence électrostatique avec la surface de transport 1.Also according to the application, the ionizing field 5a preferably extends at least up to the transition Z2 / Z3 and possibly beyond. Nevertheless, it is also conceivable that ionizing field 5a stops in the zone Z2, at a point upstream of the transition Z2 / Z3, the essential thing is that the electrostatic charge of the nonwoven W is still sufficient during its passage at the transition Z2 / Z3 to obtain a sufficient degree of electrostatic adhesion with the transport surface 1.

Au démarrage de la machine « airlay », si la barre ionisante 5 n'est pas en fonctionnement (absence de champ ionisant 5a), il y a un risque important que le non-tissé formé, au niveau de son bord avant, s'enroule sur lui-même dans la région de transition Z2/Z3 du fait du relâchement subi par les fibres du non-tissé. Cet enroulement forme de manière préjudiciable une accumulation de matière, sous la forme d'une « carotte » transversale qui grossit rapidement. La mise en oeuvre de la barre ionisante 5 permet d'éviter ce retournement du non-tissé.When starting the machine "airlay", if the ionizing bar 5 is not in operation (absence of ionizing field 5a), there is a significant risk that the non-woven formed at its front edge, wraps on itself in the transition region Z2 / Z3 due to the relaxation suffered by the fibers of the nonwoven. This winding prejudicially forms an accumulation of material, in the form of a transverse "carrot" which grows rapidly. The implementation of the ionizing bar 5 prevents this reversal of the nonwoven fabric.

Egalement, en cours de production, si on arrête la barre ionisante 5, il y a des risques que le non-tissé subisse dans la région de transition (Z2/Z3) des déformations ou accumulations locales de fibres sur sa largeur, qui sont préjudiciables à la qualité du non-tissé. Il est donc préférable (mais facultatif) que la barre ionisante 5 soit active, non seulement lors de la phase de démarrage, mais également ultérieurement en cours de production.Also, during production, if the ionizing bar 5 is stopped, there are risks that the nonwoven undergoes in the region of transition (Z2 / Z3) local deformations or accumulations of fibers over its width, which are detrimental the quality of the non-woven. It is therefore preferable (but optional) for the ionizing bar 5 to be active, not only during the start-up phase but also later during production.

Il revient à l'homme du métier de déterminer au cas par cas les paramètres de fonctionnement (notamment type de barre ionisante, tension d'alimentation, distance (d) de positionnement de la barre ionisante 5 par rapport à la surface de transport) pour obtenir la charge électrostatique requise du non-tissé lors de son passage dans la zone de transition Z2/Z3.It is up to the person skilled in the art to determine, on a case-by-case basis, the operating parameters (in particular type of ionizing bar, supply voltage, distance (d) for positioning the ionizing bar 5 with respect to the transport surface) for obtain the required electrostatic charge of the nonwoven as it passes through the transition zone Z2 / Z3.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif de l'invention, dans une variante particulière de mise en oeuvre, la machine « airlay » de la figure 1 a été utilisée pour fabriquer un non-tissé W avec les paramètres de fonctionnement suivants :

  • Les fibres constituant le non-tissé étaient un mélange contenant environ 70% en poids de fibres de viscose de titrage 1,7dtex, et 30% en poids de fibres polyester (PES) de titrage 1,7dtex. Le poids moyen du non-tissé en sortie de la chambre de dispersion valait environ 35g/m2. Les vitesses d'air V1 mesurées dans le compartiment 41 (zone Z1) à proximité de la surface de transport étaient de l'ordre de 70m/s. Les vitesses d'air V2 mesurées dans le compartiment 42 (zone Z2) à proximité de la surface de transport étaient de l'ordre de 60m/s. Les vitesses d'air V3 mesurées dans le compartiment 43 (zone Z3) à proximité de la surface de transport étaient inférieures à 5 m/s. La barre ionisante était positionnée à environ 40mm de la surface de transport (figure 1/ distance d), et était alimentée avec une haute tension continue de 22kV à une intensité de l'ordre de 2mA. La vitesse de transport du non-tissé était supérieure à 150m/min, et plus particulièrement de l'ordre de 180m/min.
By way of non-limiting example of the invention, in a particular variant embodiment, the "airlay" machine of FIG. 1 was used to manufacture a nonwoven W with the following operating parameters:
  • The fibers constituting the nonwoven were a mixture containing about 70% by weight of 1.7 dtex titration viscose fibers, and 30% by weight of polyester fiber (PES) 1.7 dtex titration. The average weight of the nonwoven at the outlet of the dispersion chamber was about 35 g / m 2 . The air velocities V1 measured in the compartment 41 (zone Z1) near the transport surface were of the order of 70 m / s. The air velocities V2 measured in compartment 42 (zone Z2) near the transport surface were of the order of 60 m / s. The air velocities V3 measured in compartment 43 (zone Z3) near the transport surface were less than 5 m / s. The ionizing bar was positioned about 40mm from the transport surface (Figure 1 / distance d), and was fed with a high-voltage direct current of 22kV at an intensity of about 2mA. The transport speed of the nonwoven was greater than 150 m / min, and more particularly of the order of 180 m / min.

Bien qu'il soit avantageux de mettre en oeuvre l'invention avec des vitesse de transport élevées, typiquement supérieure à 120m/min, il convient de souligner que l'invention n'est pas limitée à ces vitesses, mais trouve un intérêt et peut être mise en oeuvre avec des vitesses de transport quelconques, et en particulier à basses vitesses (vitesses inférieures à 120m/min). On notera d'ailleurs qu'un des avantages de l'invention est obtenu lors du démarrage de la production, dans une phase basses vitesses au cours de laquelle la machine de production de non-tissé n'a pas encore atteint sa vitesse de production normale.Although it is advantageous to implement the invention with high transport speeds, typically greater than 120m / min, it should be emphasized that the invention is not limited to these speeds, but finds an interest and can be implemented with any transport speeds, and in particular at low speeds (speeds below 120m / min). It will be noted moreover that one of the advantages of the invention is obtained at the start of production, in a low speed phase during which the nonwoven production machine has not yet reached its production speed. normal.

D'autres moyens de charge électrostatique peuvent être mis en oeuvre. A titre d'exemple, dans une autre variante, c'est la surface de transport qui peut être chargée de manière électrostatique. Dans une autre variante, à la fois le non-tissé et la surface de transport peuvent être chargés électrostatiquement et avec des polarités opposées.Other means of electrostatic charging can be implemented. By way of example, in another variant, it is the transport surface that can be electrostatically charged. In another variant, both the nonwoven and the transport surface can be electrostatically charged and with opposite polarities.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à la réalisation particulière de machine « airlay » qui vient d'être décrite en référence à la figure 1, mais s'étend plus généralement à toute mise en oeuvre dans laquelle le non-tissé et/ou la surface de transport sont chargés électrostatiquement, en cours de transport du non-tissé, en sorte de faire adhérer de manière électrostatique le non-tissé à la surface de transport lors de son passage dans la région de transition entre une zone amont et une zone aval du type des zones Z2 et Z3.The invention is not limited to the particular embodiment of machine "airlay" which has just been described with reference to Figure 1, but extends more generally to any implementation in which the non-woven and / or the transport surface are electrostatically charged, during transport of the nonwoven, so as to adhere electrostatically the nonwoven at the transport surface during its passage through the transition region between an upstream zone and a downstream zone of the Z2 and Z3 zone type.

On représente sur la figure 2, une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, appliquée à un non-tissé cardé.FIG. 2 shows another variant embodiment of the invention applied to a carded nonwoven.

Dans cette application, un non-tissé cardé W est produit par une carde, dont seuls les cylindres de sortie ont été représentés sur la figure 2, a savoir : un cylindre peigneur 6 et cylindre détacheur 7 à pointes isocèles ou équivalent. Ce non-tissé W est détaché du cylindre détacheur 7 et est repris par une surface de transport 1 perméable à l'air (du type bande ou tapis de transport), et passant à proximité du cylindre détacheur 7. Dans la région de transfert entre le cylindre détacheur 7 et la bande de transport 1, est mise en oeuvre une aspiration au moyen d'une boîte d'aspiration 8, positionnée au-dessous et à proximité de la surface de transport 1. Cette boîte d'aspiration génère à travers la surface de transport et le non-tissé W un flux d'air dans une zone d'aspiration amont Z. En aval de cette zone, aucune aspiration n'est mise en oeuvre (zone aval Z'). Au droit et au dessus de la zone amont Z est mise en oeuvre une barre ionisante 5, qui permet de charger de manière électrostatique le non-tissé en sorte de le faire adhérer à la surface de transport 1, lors de son passage à la transition entre les deux zones amont Z et aval Z', dans le but d'éviter toute altération de la structure du non-tissé.In this application, a carded nonwoven W is produced by a card, of which only the exit cylinders have been shown in FIG. 2, namely: a doffer cylinder 6 and detaching cylinder 7 with isosceles tips or equivalent. This nonwoven W is detached from the detaching cylinder 7 and is taken up by an air-permeable transport surface 1 (of the belt or conveyor belt type), and passing near the detaching cylinder 7. In the transfer region between the detaching cylinder 7 and the conveyor belt 1, is carried out by means of a suction box 8, positioned below and in the vicinity of the transport surface 1. This suction box generates through the transport surface and the nonwoven W a flow of air in an upstream suction zone Z. Downstream of this zone, no suction is implemented (downstream zone Z '). At the right and above the upstream zone Z is implemented an ionizing bar 5, which makes it possible to electrostatically charge the nonwoven so as to adhere it to the transport surface 1 during its transition to the transition. between the two zones upstream Z and downstream Z ', in order to avoid any alteration of the structure of the nonwoven.

L'invention est particulièrement adaptée au transport de non-tissés non consolidés et plus particulièrement de non-tissés cardés ou de non-tissés « airlaid » avant consolidation, mais peut plus généralement être utilisée dans le domaine textile pour le transport de tout type connu de non-tissés.The invention is particularly suitable for the transport of non-woven non-woven fabrics and more particularly carded nonwovens or "airlaid" nonwovens before consolidation, but can more generally be used in the textile field for the transport of any known type. nonwovens.

Egalement, dans le cadre de l'invention, dans les zones de flux d'air basses vitesses à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, tel que par exemple dans la zone Z3 de la machine de la figure 1, il n'est pas obligatoire de mettre en oeuvre une aspiration, le flux d'air basse vitesse à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport pouvant par exemple être obtenu au moyen de déflecteurs d'air selon le principe décrit notamment dans la demande de brevet européen EP 1 295 973.Also, in the context of the invention, in the areas of low velocity air flow through the nonwoven and the transport surface, such as for example in zone Z3 of the machine of FIG. It is not obligatory to implement a suction, the air flow low speed to through the nonwoven and the transport surface may for example be obtained by means of air deflectors according to the principle described in particular in the European patent application EP 1 295 973.

Dans les réalisations des figures 1 et 2, la surface de transport est plane. L'invention peut toutefois également être appliquée à des surfaces de transport courbes, et notamment à des surfaces de transport cylindriques.In the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2, the transport surface is flat. The invention can however also be applied to curved conveying surfaces, and in particular to cylindrical conveying surfaces.

Claims (12)

Procédé de transport d'un non-tissé (W) au cours duquel le non-tissé est transporté par une surface de transport (1) perméable à l'air, dans au moins une zone amont (Z2 ; Z) dans laquelle on génère un flux d'air amont qui traverse le non-tissé puis la surface de transport, et, en sortie de la zone amont, dans au moins une zone aval (Z3 ; Z') dans laquelle soit on génère un flux d'air aval de plus faible puissance qui traverse le non-tissé puis la surface de transport, soit on ne génère pas de flux d'air à travers le non-tissé et la surface de transport, caractérisé en ce qu'on charge électrostatiquement le non-tissé (W) et/ou la surface de transport (1) en sorte de faire adhérer le non-tissé contre la surface de transport au moins dans la région de transition entre les deux zones amont et aval.A method for transporting a nonwoven (W) in which the nonwoven is transported by an air-permeable transport surface (1) in at least one upstream zone (Z2; Z) in which an upstream air flow which passes through the nonwoven then the transport surface, and, at the outlet of the upstream zone, in at least one downstream zone (Z3; Z ') in which either a downstream air flow is generated of lower power which passes through the nonwoven and then the transport surface, or no flow of air is generated through the nonwoven and the transport surface, characterized in that the nonwoven is electrostatically charged (W) and / or the transport surface (1) so as to adhere the nonwoven against the transport surface at least in the transition region between the two upstream and downstream zones. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la différence de vitesses d'air entre les zones amont et aval est suffisamment importante pour occasionner une altération de la structure du non-tissé en l'absence de charge électrostatique du non-tissé et/ou de la surface de transport.Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the difference in air velocities between the upstream and downstream zones is sufficiently large to cause an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven in the absence of electrostatic charge of the nonwoven and / or of the transport surface. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 dans lequel le non-tissé n'est pas consolidé.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the nonwoven is not consolidated. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de transport du non-tissé est supérieure à 120 m/min et de préférence supérieure à 150 m/min.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the transport speed of the nonwoven is greater than 120 m / min and preferably greater than 150 m / min. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le non-tissé a été fabriqué par voie aéraulique.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric has been manufactured aerially. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le non-tissé est un non-tissé cardé.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nonwoven is a carded nonwoven. Procédé de formation et de transport d'un non-tissé par voie aéraulique au cours duquel on projette des fibres dans une chambre de dispersion (2) sur une surface de transport (1), et on achemine le non-tissé formé en dehors de la chambre de dispersion (2) au moyen de la surface de transport (1), caractérisé en ce qu'à l'extérieur de la chambre de dispersion (2) on transporte le non-tissé (W) issu de la chambre de dispersion (1) en mettant en oeuvre le procédé de transport visé à l'une des revendications 1 à 5.A method of forming and transporting an aerated nonwoven in which fibers are sprayed into a dispersion chamber (2) on a conveying surface (1), and conveying the nonwoven formed outside the dispersion chamber (2) by means of the transport surface (1), characterized in that outside the dispersion chamber (2) the nonwoven (W) from the dispersion chamber (1) is transported by carrying out the transport method referred to in one of claims 1 to 5. Dispositif permettant le transport d'un non-tissé (W), et comportant une surface de transport (1) perméable à l'air, des premiers moyens permettant de générer un flux d'air amont à travers la surface de transport dans une zone amont (Z2; Z), et éventuellement des deuxièmes moyens qui sont conçus pour générer à travers la surface de transport un flux d'air aval de plus faible puissance dans une zone aval (Z3 ; Z') qui s'étend depuis la zone amont, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'ionisation (5) permettant de générer des ions au moins dans tout ou partie de la zone amont (Z2 ; Z) et à proximité de la surface de transport (1).Device for transporting a non-woven fabric (W), and having an air-permeable transport surface (1), first means for generating an upstream air flow through the transport surface in an area upstream (Z2; Z), and possibly second means which are adapted to generate through the transport surface a downstream air stream of lower power in a downstream zone (Z3; Z ') extending from the zone upstream, characterized in that it comprises ionization means (5) for generating ions at least in all or part of the upstream zone (Z2; Z) and in the vicinity of the transport surface (1). Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'ionisation (5) permettent de générer un champ ionisant (5a) qui s'étend au moins jusqu'à la transition entre les zones amont et aval.Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the ionisation means (5) make it possible to generate an ionizing field (5a) which extends at least up to the transition between the upstream and downstream zones. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9 caractérisé en ce qu'en fonctionnement, la différence de vitesses d'air entre les zones amont et aval est suffisamment importante pour occasionner une altération de la structure du non-tissé en l'absence de fonctionnement des moyens d'ionisation (5).Device according to claim 8 or 9 characterized in that in operation, the difference in air velocities between the upstream and downstream zones is sufficiently large to cause an alteration of the structure of the nonwoven in the absence of operating means Ionization (5). Machine pour la formation d'un non-tissé (W) par voie aéraulique, comportant : - une surface de transport (1) du non-tissé, qui est perméable à l'air, - une chambre de dispersion (2) surmontant une partie de la surface de transport, - des moyens permettant d'alimenter la chambre de dispersion (2) avec des fibres destinées à former le non-tissé, - et des moyens qui sont aptes à créer, à l'intérieur de la chambre de dispersion, un flux d'air permettant de disperser les fibres à l'intérieur de la chambre et de les projeter sur la surface de transport (1), caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée à l'extérieur et en aval de la chambre de dispersion (2), d'un dispositif de transport visé à l'une des revendications 8 à 10, la surface de transport (1) du dispositif étant celle utilisée pour la formation du non-tissé dans la chambre de dispersion (2).Machine for the formation of a nonwoven (W) aeraulic, comprising: a transport surface (1) of the nonwoven, which is permeable to air, a dispersion chamber (2) surmounting part of the transport surface, means for feeding the dispersion chamber (2) with fibers intended to form the nonwoven, and means which are able to create, within the dispersion chamber, an air flow enabling the fibers to be dispersed inside the chamber and to project them onto the transport surface (1), characterized in that it is equipped outside and downstream of the dispersion chamber (2) with a transport device according to one of claims 8 to 10, the transport surface (1) of the device being that used for forming the nonwoven in the dispersion chamber (2). Machine pour la production d'un non-tissé cardé, comportant un cylindre détacheur (7), caractérisé en ce qu'elle est équipée d'un dispositif de transport qui est visé à l'une des revendications 8 à 10, et dont la zone amont (Z) est située dans la région de transfert du non-tissé entre le cylindre détacheur (7) et la surface de transport (1) perméable à l'air.A machine for the production of a carded nonwoven, comprising a detaching roll (7), characterized in that it is equipped with a transport device which is referred to in one of claims 8 to 10, and whose upstream zone (Z) is located in the transfer region of the nonwoven between the detaching cylinder (7) and the conveying surface (1) permeable to air.
EP05370032A 2004-12-16 2005-10-24 Method and device for the transport of carded or air-laid nonwovens Active EP1672110B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0413401A FR2879628B1 (en) 2004-12-16 2004-12-16 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING A NON-WOVEN MATERIAL, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE TRANSPORT OF A NON-CARDED NON-WOVEN FABRIC OR A NON-WOVEN FABRIC PRODUCED BY AERAULIC METHOD

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EP1672110A1 true EP1672110A1 (en) 2006-06-21
EP1672110B1 EP1672110B1 (en) 2007-10-03

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EP (1) EP1672110B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1789534B (en)
AT (1) ATE374851T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005002721T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2292092T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2879628B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2879628A1 (en) 2006-06-23
EP1672110B1 (en) 2007-10-03
CN1789534B (en) 2010-05-05
ATE374851T1 (en) 2007-10-15
DE602005002721T2 (en) 2008-07-03
ES2292092T3 (en) 2008-03-01
FR2879628B1 (en) 2007-03-09
CN1789534A (en) 2006-06-21
DE602005002721D1 (en) 2007-11-15

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