EP1459414B1 - Impedanzangepasste kontaktanordnung und verbinder - Google Patents

Impedanzangepasste kontaktanordnung und verbinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1459414B1
EP1459414B1 EP03774494A EP03774494A EP1459414B1 EP 1459414 B1 EP1459414 B1 EP 1459414B1 EP 03774494 A EP03774494 A EP 03774494A EP 03774494 A EP03774494 A EP 03774494A EP 1459414 B1 EP1459414 B1 EP 1459414B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminals
connector
terminal
pair
differential signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03774494A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1459414A2 (de
Inventor
David L. Brunker
Daniel L. Dawiedczyk
Maxwill P. Bassler
Patrick R. Casher
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Molex LLC
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Molex LLC
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Publication of EP1459414A2 publication Critical patent/EP1459414A2/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
    • H01R13/6461—Means for preventing cross-talk
    • H01R13/6471—Means for preventing cross-talk by special arrangement of ground and signal conductors, e.g. GSGS [Ground-Signal-Ground-Signal]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
    • H01R13/6473—Impedance matching
    • H01R13/6477—Impedance matching by variation of dielectric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/712—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit
    • H01R12/716—Coupling device provided on the PCB
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/72—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/722—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures coupling devices mounted on the edge of the printed circuits
    • H01R12/724—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures coupling devices mounted on the edge of the printed circuits containing contact members forming a right angle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to terminations for connectors and more particularly to connectors having selected impedances that are used in connection with signal cables, such as in an automotive environment.
  • Such a wind of termination for a connector and such a connector is known from US-6,350,134 B1 .
  • These signal cables may use what are known as one or more twisted pairs of wires that are twisted together along the length of the cable, with each such twisted pair being encircled by an associated grounding shield.
  • These twisted pairs typically receive complementary signal voltages, i.e., one wire of the pair may see a +1.0 volt signal, while the other wire of the pair may see a -1.0 volt signal.
  • these wires may be called "differential" pairs, a term that refers to the voltage difference between the two conductors in a signal pair.
  • Such a twisted pair construction minimizes or diminishes any induced noise voltage from other electronic devices and thereby eliminates electromagnetic interference.
  • signal cables are routed on a path to an electronic device, they may pass by or near other electronic devices that emit their own electric field. These devices have the potential to create electromagnetic interference to transmission lines such as the aforementioned signal cables. Automotive environments are particularly harsh in electromagnetic interference. Such interference is frequently caused by high voltage ignition signals. Other sources of interference in the automotive environment include alternator charging systems and many switched devices, such as air conditioning. However, this twisted pair construction tends to minimize or diminish any induced electrical fields and thereby substantially eliminates electromagnetic interference.
  • Typical signal cable terminations involve the untwisting of the wire pairs and the unbraiding of the braided shield wire and/or foil surrounding the wire pairs. These wires are unbraided manually and this manual operation tends to introduce variability into the electrical performance. This is caused by unbraiding the grounding shield wires, then typically twisting them into a single lead and subsequently welding or soldering the twisted tail of a connector terminal. This unbraiding and twisting often results in moving the signal conductors and grounding shield out of their original state in which they exist in the cable. This rearrangement may lead to a decoupling of the ground and signal wires from their original state that may result in an increase of impedance through the cable-connector junction.
  • this twisting introduces mechanical variability into the termination area in that although a cable may contain multiple differential pairs, the length of the unbraided shield wire may vary from pair to pair. This variability and rearrangement changes the physical characteristics of the system in the termination area which may result in an unwanted change (typically an increase) in the impedance of the system in the area.
  • the signal and ground termination tails of a connector it is common for the signal and ground termination tails of a connector to be arranged into whatever convenient space is present at the connector mounting face without any control of the geometry or spatial aspects of the signal and ground terminals being considered.
  • signal wires and ground shields are pulled apart from the end of a cable, an interruption of the cable geometry is introduced. It is therefore desirable to maintain this geometry in the termination area between the cable and the cable connector to reduce any substantial impedance increase from occurring due to the cable termination.
  • the present invention is therefore directed to a terminal contact arrangement and function directed at providing improved connections between connectors and between the mating portions of two interengaging connectors that provides a high level of performance and which maintains the electrical characteristics of the cable in the termination area, particularly in an automotive environment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved connector for effecting a high-performance connection between a circuit board and an opposing connector terminated to a transmission line, wherein the transmission line includes multiple pairs of differential signal wires, each such pair having an associated ground, the connector having pairs of signal terminals and ground terminals associated therewith arranged in triangular fashions so as to reduce impedance discontinuities from occurring when the connector is mated to the opposing connector and further, by inverting adjacent triangular associated sets of signal and ground terminals, the connector is given a specific density characteristic while maintaining a desired preselected impedance through the connector.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a termination assembly for use in conjunction with signal cables that provides a connection between the twisted wire pairs and grounding shield of the cable and the connector, the termination assembly having an improved electrical performance due to its structure.
  • It is a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a connector for connecting cables, such as in accordance with the IEEE 1394b standard, to a circuit board of an electronic device, wherein the connector has a number of discrete, differential signal wires and associated grounds equal in number to those contained in the cables, the ground terminals of the connector being configured in quantity and location with respect to the signal terminals of the connector in order to minimize the drop in impedance through the connector.
  • a still another object of the present invention is to provide a connector for termination to a cable, wherein a plurality of ground terminals are positioned within the cable connector housing and are spaced apart from two associated signal terminals in the connector housing, the plurality of ground terminals being commoned to effectively provide a singular ground terminal that is of a similar or greater effective width as compared to the distance between the signal terminals.
  • a yet further object of the present invention to provide a cable connector for use with differential signal wire pairs, wherein a plurality of ground terminals are commoned together and in a spaced-apart relationship to the terminals for the differential signal wire pairs, with the terminals for the differential signal wire pairs spaced from each other by one vacant terminal position so that the differential signals are decoupled from each other and the differential signals are each more closely coupled to the plurality of commoned ground terminals.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cable connector for use with differential signal wire pairs extending the length of the cable, the cable connector having a plurality of ground terminals that are commoned together and two signal terminals that are arranged and maintained in an essentially triangular orientation with the commoned ground terminals through the connector and at the termination areas thereof
  • one principal aspect of the invention that is exemplified by one embodiment thereof includes a first connector for a circuit board which has a housing that supports, for each twisted pair of wires in the mating signal cable, three conductive terminals in a unique pattern of a triplet, with two of the terminals carrying differential signals, and the remaining terminal being a ground terminal that serves as a ground plane or ground return to the differential pair of signal wires.
  • the first connector supports multiple terminal triplets, in an inverted fashion (widthwise along the connector mating face) so that two rows of terminals are defined in the first connector, the signal terminals of a first triplet are disposed in one row in the connector and the ground terminal of that first triplet is disposed in the other row of the connector, while the signal terminals of a second, or of adjacent triplets, are disposed in the other row of the connector and the ground terminal of this second triplet or of two adjacent triplets are disposed in the one row of the connector.
  • the signal and ground terminals of adjacent triplets are arranged in an inverted fashion.
  • a second connector for a cable is provided that mates with the first connector and their second connector has multiple terminal triplets arranged to mate with their corresponding terminal triplets of the first connector.
  • each such triplet of the first connector includes a pair of signal terminals having contact portions that are aligned together in side-by-side order, and which are also spaced apart a predetermined distance from each other.
  • the ground terminal is spaced apart from the two signal terminals in a second row.
  • the width of the ground terminals and their spacings from the signal terminals of each such triplet may be chosen so that the three terminals may have desired electrical characteristics such as capacitance and the like, all of which will affect the impedance of the connector.
  • this aspect of the present invention may be aptly characterized as providing a "tunable" terminal arrangement for each differential signal wire pair and associated ground wire arrangement found either in a cable or in other circuits.
  • these tunable triplets are provided within the connector housing in an inverted fashion. That is, the ground terminals of adjacent terminal triplets lie in different terminal rows of the connector, as do the signal terminals in alternating fashion along the width of the connector.
  • other terminals of the connector such as power and reference terminals may be situated in the connector at a midpoint thereof between the terminal triplets.
  • a receptacle connector for a circuit board which has a housing having at least three conductive terminals arranged in an effective pattern of a triplet, with two of the terminals carrying differential signals, and the remaining terminal being a ground terminal that is comprised of a plurality of individual ground terminals.
  • the plurality of individual ground terminals are interconnected or "commoned" together at the connector, and in a preferred embodiment, this interconnection occurs along the body or tail portions of the ground terminals.
  • a plug connector for the end of a cable mates with the receptacle connector, and this plug connector also has the differential signal and ground terminals effectively arranged in a complementary triplet pattern of conductive terminals which are terminated to the signal and ground wires of the cable.
  • an unused terminal position is interposed between the two differential signal terminals in both the receptacle connector and the plug connector so that the differential signals are decoupled from each other, and so that the differential signals are more closely coupled to the plurality of ground terminals.
  • the plurality of ground terminals are electrically in common so that the plurality of ground terminals acts a single wide terminal, or a common ground path disposed in a spaced-apart plane from the two differential signal terminals.
  • each such effective triplet includes a pair of signal terminals that are aligned together in side-by-side order, and which are also spaced apart a predetermined distance from each other.
  • the plurality of ground terminals extend along a different plane than that defined by the differential signal terminals, with the signal terminals located closer to the plurality of ground terminals than to each other.
  • the effective width of this plurality of ground terminals and its spacing from the signal terminals may be chosen so that the signal and ground terminals may have desired electrical characteristics such as capacitance and the like, which affect the impedance of the connector.
  • the effective width of the plurality of ground terminals is thereby increased in the contact mating area of the terminals and may also be increased in the transition area that occurs between the contact and termination areas of the terminals.
  • two or more such tunable effective triplets may be provided within the connector housing, but inverted with respect to each other.
  • additional ground terminals may be interposed between the two sets of triplets, or terminals that supply electrical power through the connector may be located between and provide separation of the effective triplets.
  • Such power supply terminals generally act as additional low impedance terminals, in a manner substantially similar to the plurality of ground terminals, to provide coupling to the differential signal terminals and to thereby control impedance.
  • the present invention is directed to an improved connector particularly useful in enhancing the performance of high-speed cables, particularly in input-output ("I/O") applications as well as other types of applications. More specifically, the present invention attempts to impose a measure of mechanical and electrical uniformity on the termination area of the connector to facilitate its performance, both alone and when combined with an opposing or mating connector.
  • peripheral devices associated with an electronic device such as a video camera or camcorder
  • Other devices associated with a computer such as the CPU portion thereof, operate at high speeds for data transmission.
  • High speed cables are used to connect these devices to the CPU and may also be used in some applications to connect two or more CPUs together.
  • a particular cable may be sufficiently constructed to convey high speed signals and may include differential pairs of signal wires, either as twisted pairs or individual pairs of wires.
  • Impedance mismatches in a transmission path can cause signal reflection, which often leads to signal losses, cancellation, or the like. Accordingly, it is desirable to keep the impedance consistent over the signal path in order to maintain the integrity of the transmitted signals.
  • the connector to which the cable is terminated and which supplies a means of conveying the transmitted signals to circuitry on the printed circuit board of the device is usually not very well controlled insofar as impedance is concerned and it may vary greatly from that of the cable. A mismatch in impedances between these two elements may result in transmission errors, limited bandwidth and the like.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the impedance discontinuity that occurs through a conventional plug and receptacle connector assembly used for signal cables.
  • the impedance through the signal cable approaches a constant, or baseline value, as shown to the right of FIG. 1 at 51. This deviation from the baseline is shown by the solid, bold line at 50.
  • the cable impedance substantially matches the impedance of the circuit board at 52 shown to the left of FIG. 1 and to the left of the "PCB Termination" axis.
  • the vertical axis "M” represents the point of termination between the socket, or receptacle, connector and the printed circuit board, while the vertical axis “N” represents the interface that occurs between the two mating plug and socket connectors, and the vertical axis “P” represents the point where the plug connector is terminated to the cable.
  • FIG. 4 These corresponding regions defined by the axes "M”, “N” and “P” can be seen in FIG. 4 for a typical connector assembly 100 of the socket and plug type that is disposed between a cable 105 and a printed circuit board (PCB) 103.
  • a connector 100 has a plurality of terminals 102 extending through through-holes in the PCB 103 for electrical connection to various portions of the PCB and to electronic circuitry typically mounted thereon.
  • connector 100 could alternatively have its terminals 106 configured for a surface mount to the PCB 103.
  • the curve 50 of FIG. 1 represents the typical impedance "discontinuity" achieved with conventional connectors and indicates three peaks and valleys that occur, with each such peak or valley having respective distances (or values) H 1 , H 2 and H 3 from the baseline as shown. These distances are measured in ohms with the base of the vertical axis that intersects with the horizontal "Distance" axis having a zero (0) ohm value.
  • H 1 will typically increase to about 150 ohms
  • the low impedance as represented by H 2 will typically decrease to about 60 ohms. This wide discontinuity between H 1 and H 2 of about 90 ohms affects the electrical performance of the connectors with respect to the printed circuit board and the cable.
  • the present invention pertains to a connector and to connector termination structures that are particularly useful in I/O (" input-output") applications that has an improved structure that permits the impedance of the connector to be set so that it emulates the cable to which it is mated and reduces the aforementioned discontinuity.
  • connectors of the present invention may be "tuned” through their design to improve the electrical performance of the connector.
  • FIG. 1 The effect of this tunability is explained in FIG. 1 , in which a reduction in the overall impedance discontinuity occurring through a cable to circuit board connector assembly.
  • the impedance discontinuity that is expected to occur in the connectors of the present invention is shown by the dashed line 60 of FIG. 1 .
  • the solid line of FIG. 1 represents the typical impedance discontinuity that is experienced in the connector system, and by comparing the dashed and solid lines, the magnitudes of the peaks and valleys of this discontinuity, H 11 , H 22 and H 33 are greatly reduced.
  • the present invention is believed to significantly reduce the overall discontinuity experienced in a conventional connector assembly.
  • the highest level of discontinuity will be about 135 ohms (at H 11 ) while the lowest level of discontinuity will be about 85 ohms (at H 22 ).
  • the target baseline impedance of connectors of the invention will typically be may vary from about 28 to about 150 ohms, but will preferably be in the range of between about 100 to about 110 ohms with a tolerance of about +/- 5 to +/- 25ohms.
  • the connectors of the present invention will have a total discontinuity (the difference between H 11 and H 22 ) of about 50 ohms or less, which results in a decrease from the conventional discontinuity of about 90 ohms referred to above of as much as almost 50%.
  • This benefit is believed to originate from the capacitive coupling that occurs among the two differential signal terminals and their associated ground terminal. It will be understood, however, that capacitive coupling is but one aspect that affects the ultimate characteristic impedance of the terminals and the connector supporting them.
  • FIG. 2 one "internal" environment is depicted in which the present invention may be used.
  • the connectors of the present invention are disposed inside of the exterior wall 1108 of an electronic device, such as a computer 1101.
  • the connectors of the present invention may also be used in an "external” application, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , wherein one of the connectors 1110 is mounted to the PCB 1103, but extends partly through the exterior wall 1108 of the device 1101 so that it may be accessed by a user from the exterior of the device 1101.
  • the connector assembly 1100 includes a pair of first and second inter-engaging connectors, described herein as a respective receptacle (or socket) connector 1110 and a plug connector 1104.
  • a respective receptacle (or socket) connector 1110 is mounted to the PCB 1103 of the device 1101, while the other connector 1104 is typically terminated to a cable 1105 that leads to a peripheral device.
  • the structure of the socket connector 1110 illustrated in FIG. 3 permits it to be used in the "internal” application shown in FIG. 2 , as well as in “external” applications where the connector 1110 is mounted to the circuit board 1103, but where the connector 1110 extends partially through and is accessible from an exterior wall 1108 of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a typical cable, generally designated by reference numeral 1105.
  • the illustrated cable complies with the IEEE 1394b standard for use in interconnecting high speed electronic equipment, specifically in an automotive environment.
  • Cable 1105 may contain two pairs of twisted pair wires 1114 and 1115 disposed within cable 1105 in side-by-side relationship, such as along a generally horizontal axis in the orientation shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the signals present on the twisted pair 1114 may be referred to as A+ and A- and the signals present on the twisted pair 1115 may be referred to as B+ and B- .
  • Twisted pairs 1114 and 1115 extend the length of the cable and may be of #24 AWG wire that is surrounded by an electrically insulating cover.
  • the twisted pairs may be disposed in an electrically conductive shield 1118 and 1119, respectively, such as a metal foil, braided wire, or the like.
  • Such conductive shields 1118 and 1119 may utilized as a ground in cable 1105.
  • a pair of power conductors 1116 and 1117 may also be disposed within cable 1105, such as along the vertical orientation depicted in FIG. 5 .
  • An electrically insulating cover 1120 typically encases the twisted pairs 1114 and 1115, and the power conductors 1116 and 1117.
  • another conductive shield such as conductive foil or braided wire may be disposed underneath the cover 1120 of cable 1105.
  • FIGS. 6-8 are views of a receptacle or socket connector 1130, constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, that is particularly suitable for use in automotive applications.
  • the connector 1130 includes a mating cavity, generally designated 1132, for receiving a complementary shaped plug connector 1140 ( FIG. 15 ).
  • Connector 1130 includes an electrically insulative housing 1133 that may be formed from a dielectric material. If desired, portions of the outer surfaces of connector 1130 may be fabricated with a metallic conductive coating or shield to provide electromagnetic shielding for the electrically conductive terminals therein.
  • a back wall 1134 of connector 1130 is configured with a plurality of cavities for receiving and supporting a plurality of electrically conductive terminals 1141 through 1152. These terminal-receiving cavities preferably extend completrely through the connector housing 1133.
  • a conventional triplet is an arrangement of three distinct terminals in a generally triangular configuration. Such a conventional triplet further involves the use of two differential signal terminals and a single associated ground terminal that are arranged to mate with corresponding terminals of the plug connector 1140 which are terminated to the wires of a differential (preferably a twisted pair of wires), such as one of the twisted pairs 1114 or 1115 in FIG. 21 and a ground.
  • the terminals that form the triplet carry signals that are complements of each other; for example, +1.0 volts and -1.0 volts as well as a ground complement.
  • the terminals 1141-1152 of the connector 1130 in FIG. 6 are selected to provide an equivalent triplet.
  • a plurality of ground terminals is provided in association with each set of differential signal terminals.
  • two terminals 1147 and 1149 may be selected for the differential pair signals A+ and A- and terminals 1141 and 1142 may be selected as ground terminals associated with the A+ and A- signals to form a first equivalent triplet.
  • this set of differential signal terminals 1147, 1149 and the pair of associated ground terminals 1141, 1142 define a single differential signal transmission line, or channel.
  • terminals 1144, 1146, 1151 and 1152 may constitute a second differential signal transmission line or channel, with terminal 1144 & 1146 being chosen for the differential pair signals B+ and B- and terminals 1151 & 1152 being chosen as the ground terminals associated with the B+ and B- signals to form a second equivalent triplet.
  • the signals A+ and A- are selected to be at the left of the lower row of terminals 1147-1152 while the signals B+ and B- are selected to be at the right of the upper row of terminals 1141-1146 so that the two differential signal transmission channels are located in different areas of the connector.
  • the triplet formed by terminals 1144, 1146 and 1151-1152 may be said to be inverted from the triplet formed by terminals 1141-1142, 1147 and 1149.
  • This provides better isolation of the nearest signal terminals of the respective triplets, such as terminals 1144 and 1149 than if these signal terminals were adjacently disposed in the same row.
  • These triplets may also be described in terms of their spatial location in that imaginary lines drawn through the centers of the two differential signal terminals of one signal transmission channel and one of the two ground terminals of that same channel define a triangular pattern and the centers of these terminal define vertices of the imaginary triangle. Such imaginary triangular patterns may be inverted as shown in the drawings.
  • Terminals 1143 and 1150 may be reserved for electrical power, or may be additional ground terminals. If reserved for power, terminals 1143 and 1150 will emulate the low impedance of the ground terminals at the higher frequencies of the signals on the signal terminals 1144, 1146-1147 and 149. For this reason, terminals 1143 and 1150 may be referred to as "power grounds”.
  • the terminal position between the differential signal terminals is left vacant or unused.
  • the terminal position 1145' between differential signal terminals 1144 and 1146 is unused. This causes the horizontal spacing between terminals 1144 and 1146 to be greater than the vertical spacing between terminals 1144 and 1146 and the nearest ground or power ground terminal, such as terminals 1150-1152.
  • the horizontal spacing between the differential signal terminal of each signal channel is also greater than the horizontal spacing between the associated ground terminals of that same signal channel.
  • the differential signal terminals 144 and 146 will be somewhat decoupled.
  • the differential signal terminals will be more closely coupled to the ground and power ground terminals 1150-1152 which will lower the impedance in connector 1130 to the signals present on differential signal terminals 1144 and 1146 at the signal frequencies of interest.
  • a vacant or unused terminal position 1148' is interposed between the differential signal terminals 1147 and 1149 in the other triplet for the same reasons and to the same effect.
  • no terminals are inserted into the vacant terminal positions 1145' and 148' since any terminals inserted into these positions would tend to defeat the desired level of decoupling between the respective signal terminals 1144, 1146 and 1147, 1149.
  • terminals 1141-1152 it will be understood that there may be no terminals in terminal positions 1145' and 1148'.
  • ground terminals 1141 and 1142 are preferably bridged by a conductive metal portion 1154 to provide a common ground, thereby further reducing the impedance seen at the connector.
  • ground terminals 1151 and 1152 are bridged by a conductive metal portion 1155 to provide a common ground for the same purpose and to the same effect.
  • the metal bridging portions 1154 and 1155 may be integrally formed at the time that the ground terminals are manufactured, or may thereafter be added, such as by known welding techniques. It can be seen from the drawings that the bridging portions 1154, 1155 are located on what may be referred to as the body portions of the terminals and these body portions are portions that interconnect the tails and contact portions of each terminal together.
  • the bridging portions are illustrated on the vertical extend of the terminals and not the horizontal extent in which the terminal contact portions lie, it will be understood that they may be located in other areas of the two ground terminals, including the horizontal extents thereof.
  • the interconnection occurs between the contact and tail portions of the terminals.
  • the interconnection of two terminals cooperatively defines a common ground path for the pair of differential signal terminal associated with the ground tenninals.
  • terminals 1143 and 1150 are not needed for power, these terminals may also be used as ground terminals, and the bridging portions 1154 and 1155 may extend from the other adjacently located ground terminals to terminals 1143 and 1150, thereby providing three adjacent bridged and common ground terminals 1141-1143 in the upper row associated with differential signal terminals 1147 and 1149. Similarly, three adjacent bridged and common ground terminals 1150-1152 in the lower row will be associated with the differential signal terminals 1144 and 1146.
  • terminals 1141-1152 arranged in two parallel rows, or in two spaced apart and parallel planes
  • connector 1130 may be provided with only one set of triplets instead of the two sets illustrated in FIGS. 6-8 .
  • one of the primary aspects of the invention is to provide a plurality of ground terminals in closer spatial relationship with the signal terminals than with each other, the two inverted triplets in FIG. 6 may be separated or spaced apart with the benefits of the invention continuing to be maintained.
  • the rows defined by the ground terminals and by the signal terminals of the two triplets be in alignment, i.e., the triplets could be in staggered relationship as long as each triplets remains in effect.
  • each pair of the differential signal terminals of the cable or circuit have an individual ground terminal associated with them that extends from end-to-end through the connector, thereby more closely emulating both the cable and its associated plug connector from an electrical performance aspect.
  • Such a structure keeps the signal wires of the cable "seeing" the ground in the same manner throughout the length of the cable and in substantially the same manner through the plug and receptacle connector interface and on to the circuit board.
  • This connector interface is shown schematically in FIG 4 . and may be considered as divided into four distinct Regions, I-IV, insofar as the impedance and electrical performance of the overall connection assembly or system is concerned.
  • Region I refers to the cable 105 and its structure, while Region II refers to the termination area between the cable connector 104 and the cable 105 when the cable is terminated to the connector.
  • Region III refers to the mating interface existent between the cable connector and the board connector 110 that includes the mating body portion of the connectors 104, 110.
  • Region IV refers to the area that includes the termination between the board connector 110 and the circuit board 103. The lines "P, N, and M" of FIG. 4 have been superimposed upon FIG. 1 .
  • the presence of an associated ground with the signal terminals importantly imparts capacitive coupling between the three terminals.
  • This coupling is one aspect that affects the ultimate characteristic impedance of the terminals and their connector.
  • the resistance, terminal material and self-inductance are also components that affect the overall characteristic impedance of the connector insofar as the triplet of terminals is concerned.
  • the effective width of the ground terminals 1141-1142, combined with the power ground terminal 1143 is sufficiently broad to extend over the signal terminals 1147 and 1149.
  • terminals 1141-1143 provide an effective ground plane in proximity to the signal terminals 1147 and 1149. This ground plane defined by terminals 1141-1143 is closer to the signal terminals than the signal terminals are to each other, and hence like coupling between the signal terminals is maintained. This permits the impedance of the connector to be tuned from a spacing aspect.
  • FIG. 1 The effect of this tunability is explained in FIG. 1 , in which a reduction in the overall impedance discontinuity or variation occurring through the connector assembly is demonstrated.
  • the impedance discontinuity that is expected to occur in the connectors of the present invention is shown by the dashed line 60 of FIG. 1 .
  • the magnitude of the peaks and valleys, H 11 , H 22 and H 33 is greatly reduced.
  • the present invention is believed to significantly reduce the overall discontinuity experienced in a conventional connector assembly. In one application, it is believed that the highest level of discontinuity will be about 135 ohms (at H 11 ) while the lowest level of discontinuity will be about 85 ohms (at H 22 ).
  • the target baseline impedance of connectors of the invention will typically be about 110 ohms with a tolerance of about +/- 25 ohms. It is contemplated therefore that the connectors of the present invention will have a total discontinuity (the difference between H 11 and H 22 ) of about 50 ohms, which results in a decrease from the conventional discontinuity of about 90 ohms referred to above by as much as almost 50%.
  • each terminal bends through about 90 degrees to extend downwardly ( FIG. 7 ) to make electrical connection with a printed circuit board, such as PCB 1103 in FIGS. 1 & 2 .
  • a printed circuit board such as PCB 1103 in FIGS. 1 & 2 .
  • the terminals extend downwardly, it is important to maintain the same spatial relationship of the terminals to one another, as discussed above with respect to the terminal location and spatial relationships within the cavity 1132 in FIG. 6 . This will maintain the equivalent triplet relationships, and therefore the improved impedance performance. No matter what planes the terminals lie in, it is desired to maintain the triplet arrangement of the terminals.
  • the impedance of the system may be changed, or "tuned.” This is done because capacitive coupling occurs between the two signal wires (and terminals) as well as each of the signal lines and the ground lines (and terminals).
  • the spacing of the terminals also affects the impedance of the system.
  • the widths of the ground and signal terminals also affects the coupling and the impedance of the system, which also includes the resistance of the terminals, which in turn is also a function of the dimensions of the terminals.
  • the downwardly depending terminals 1141-1152 in FIG. 7 are maintained in the desired spatial relationship by perforations in an insulative membrane 1158 that is attached to the underside of connector 1130.
  • the through-holes and solder provide a stronger means of maintaining the spatial relationships amongst the various terminals.
  • FIGS. 10-12 The relationships among the various terminals are shown in diagrammatically in FIGS. 10-12 .
  • Each of these diagrams illustrates two rows of six terminals, with the rows being parallel to one another.
  • Each diagram also shows that terminals 1141, 1142, 1151 and 1152 are selected to be ground terminals G , that terminal positions 1145 and 1148 are unused or vacant terminals X , that terminal positions 1144 and 1146 are the differential signal terminals B+ and B -, respectively, and that terminal positions 1147 and 1149 are the differential signal terminals A+ and A- , respectively.
  • terminal positions 1143 and 1150 are the terminals power ground Gp .
  • terminal positions 1143 and 1150 are additional ground terminals G , as in those situations where power is not supplied through the connector 1130.
  • a diagonal line 160 indicates the diagonal orientation or placement of the ground power terminals between the triplet defined by terminals 1141-1142, 1147 and 1149, and the triplet defined by terminals 1144, 1146 and 1151-1152.
  • This diagonal line may be considered as a line of symmetry that separates the differential pairs and their associated grounds. Five terminal passages are on each side of the line of symmetry and the orientation of the signal and ground terminals.
  • the ground power terminals Gp act as additional ground terminals due to the typical low impedance of a power supply.
  • FIGS. 9-14 An alternative embodiment of a connector 1170 constructed in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 9-14 .
  • This alternative embodiment is substantially identical in structure and operation to the connector 1130 of FIGS. 6-8 , except that connector 1170 is formed without the unused or vacant terminal positions 1145' and 1148' of FIGS. 6-8 .
  • this embodiment continues to maintain the spacing between the differential signal terminals as though the vacant terminal positions 1145' and 1148' were present, as in FIGS. 6-8 .
  • the absence of the vacant terminal positions 1145' and 1148' in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9 & 13 may assist in avoiding mistakes during assembly, such as by inserting terminals into the desired vacant terminal positions.
  • the connector is formed without the terminal-receiving passages that are left vacant so that mis-insertion of terminals into these vacant positions may be avoided during assembly of the connector.
  • FIGS. 15-17 illustrate the socket connector 1130 of FIGS. 6-8 in combination with an opposing mating connector 1140.
  • Mating connector 1140 has an insulative connector housing 1171 formed from a dielectric material in a complementary configuration to the cavity 1134 of the receptacle connector 1130 so as to facilitate and ensure the proper mating therebetween.
  • the housing 1171 contains a plurality of internal cavities for securing and supporting mating terminals (not shown) that electrically engage the terminals 1141-1152 of the connector 1130 when the mating connector is fully inserted into the cavity 1134 of connector 1130.
  • the internal cavities and the terminals of mating connector 1140 are configured and spaced to align with the corresponding terminals 1141-1152 of connector 1130.
  • mating connector 1140 also maintains the desired triplet configuration between the differential signal terminals and the plurality of ground terminals. Accordingly, mating connector 1140 also provides a relatively low impedance deviation as shown by the impedance curve 60 in FIG. 1 .
  • the wires from the cable may be individually terminated in mating connector 1140, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 .
  • mating connector 1140 As shown in FIG. 17 , each of the triplets in the form of a cable 1173 and 1174, and consisting of the differential signal pairs and the plurality of grounds, may be terminated at the mating connector 1140, with the power wires 1175 and 1176 individually terminated.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Verbinder (1130) zum Bereitstellen einer Verbindung zwischen differentiellen Signalschaltungen, wobei jede differentielle Signalschaltung ein Paar differentieller Signalleiter (A+, A-) und zwei in Verbindung stehende Erdungsleiter (G,G) enthält, wobei der Verbinder (1130) umfasst:
    ein elektrisch isolierendes Gehäuse (1133), wobei das Gehäuse (1133) eine Vielzahl in dem Gehäuse (1133) angeordnete Anschluss aufnehmende Hohlräume aufweist, wobei die Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräume in einem Muster im Gehäuse (1133) angeordnet sind, um elektrisch leitende Anschlüsse in mindestens ersten und zweiten getrennten Reihen im Gehäuse (1133) zu stützen;
    eine Vielzahl von elektrisch leitenden Anschlüssen, getragen in einigen der Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräume des Gehäuses (1133), wobei die Anschlüsse mindestens ein getrenntes Anschlussset enthalten, das ein Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) und mindestens zwei in Verbindung stehende Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) enthalten, wobei das Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) des einen Anschlusssets in den Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräumen in der ersten Reihe angeordnet sind und die zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) des einen Anschlusssets in den Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräumen in der zweiten Reihe angeordnet sind, wobei die zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) des einen Anschlusssets weiterhin verbunden sind, um zusammen einen gemeinsamen Erdungspfad für das Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) zu definieren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    das Gehäuse (1133) enthält: einen leeren Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlraum (1145`, 1145), dazwischengeschoben zwischen das Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149), so dass die differentiellen Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) des Paars in einem ersten Abstand voneinander beabstandet sind und die differentiellen Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) von den zwei in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsanschlüssen in einem zweiten Abstand beabstandet sind, wobei der erste Abstand größer ist als der zweite Abstand.
  2. Verbinder nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder der Anschlüsse einen Kontaktabschnitt, einen Schwanzabschnitt und einen Körperabschnitt, der die Kontakt- und die Schwanzabschnitte miteinander verbindet, enthält.
  3. Verbinder nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Körper- und Schwanzabschnitte jedes Anschlusses sich in einem Winkel zu den Kontaktabschnitten erstrecken.
  4. Verbinder nach Anspruch 2, wobei die zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) durch einen Brückenteil (1154) entlang ihrer Körperabschnitte verbunden sind.
  5. Verbinder nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Brückenteile (1154) einstückig als Teil der zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) gebildet sind.
  6. Verbinder nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Kontaktabschnitte sich horizontal durch das Gehäuse erstrecken und die Körperabschnitte sich vertikal erstrecken, wobei die Brückenteile (1154) die zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1141, 1142) entlang ihrer vertikalen Ausdehnung miteinander verbinden.
  7. Verbinder nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin enthaltend eine Schaltplatine (1103), die mit den Anschlussschwanzabschniten in Eingriff steht.
  8. Verbinder nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin enthaltend ein zweites getrenntes Anschlussset, das ein zweites Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1144, 1146) enthält, sowie mindestens zwei zweite in Verbindung stehende Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse (1151, 1152), wobei das zweite Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse des zweiten Anschlusssets in Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräumen in der zweiten Reihe angeordnet sind und die zwei zweiten Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse des zweiten Anschlusssets in Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlräumen in der ersten Reihe angeordnet sind, wobei die zwei Erdungsreferenzanschlüsse des ersten Anschlusssets weiterhin miteinander verbunden sind, und
    das Verbindergehäuse (1133) weiterhin enthält: einen zusätzlichen leeren Anschluss aufnehmenden Hohlraum (1145), angeordnet zwischen einem zweiten Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1144, 1146), derart dass das zweite Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse in einem dritten Abstand voneinander beabstandet sind und das zweite Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse von den zweiten zwei in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsanschlüssen in einem vierten Abstand beabstandet sind, wobei der dritte Abstand größer ist als der vierte Abstand.
  9. Verbinder nach Anspruch 8, wobei der erste und dritte Abstand gleich sind.
  10. Verbinder nach Anspruch 9, wobei der zweite und vierte Abstand gleich sind.
  11. Verbinder nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Vielzahl von Anschlüssen weiterhin umfasst: erste und zweite Stromanschlüsse (1143, 1150), wobei der erste Stromanschluss (1143) in der ersten Reihe, benachbart zu den zwei in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsreferenzanschlüssen (1141, 1142) des ersten Anschlusssets, angeordnet ist, und der zweite Stromanschluss (1150) in der zweiten Reihe, benachbart zu den zwei in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsreferenzanschlüssen (1151, 1142) des zweiten Anschlusssets, angeordnet ist.
  12. Verbinder nach Anspruch 11, wobei der erste und zweite Stromanschluss (1143, 1150) jeweils in der ersten und zweiten Reihe in einer versetzten Art und Weise angeordnet sind, so dass eine imaginäre Linie (1160), gezogen durch den ersten und zweiten Stromanschluss (1143, 1150), sich in einem Winkel über die erste und zweite Reihe erstreckt.
  13. Verbinder nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Vielzahl von Anschlüssen weiterhin umfasst: erste und zweite zusätzliche Erdungsanschlüsse (1143, 1150), wobei der erste zusätzliche Erdungsanschluss (1143) in der ersten Reihe, benachbart zu den beiden in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsanschlüssen (1141, 1142) des beiden in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsanschlüssen (1141, 1142) des ersten Anschlusssets, angeordnet ist, und der zweite zusätzliche Erdungsanschluss (1150) in der zweiten Reihe, benachbart zu den beiden in Verbindung stehenden Erdungsanschlüssen (1151, 1152) des zweiten Anschlusssets, angeordnet ist.
  14. Verbinder nach Anspruch 13, wobei der erste und zweite zusätzliche Erdungsanschluss jeweils in der ersten und zweiten Reihe in einer versetzten Art und Weise angeordnet sind, so dass eine imaginäre Linie (1160), gezogen durch den ersten und zweiten zusätzlichen Erdungsanschluss (1143, 1150) sich in einem Winkel über die erste und zweite Reihe erstreckt.
  15. Kontaktanordnung für einen differentiellen Signal-Verbinder (1130) mit einem isolierenden Gehäuse (1133) und einer Vielzahl von leitenden Anschlüssen, getragen im Gehäuse (1133), wobei jeder der Anschlüsse mindestens entgegengesetzte Kontakt- und Schwanzabschnitte umfasst, wobei die Kontaktabschnitte entgegengesetzte Anschlüsse eines passenden Verbinders kontaktieren, wobei die Anordnung die Anschlüsse umfasst, die mindestens einen ersten differentiellen Signalkanal definieren, der ein erstes Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) umfasst, sowie ein erstes Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1141, 1142), wobei das erste differentielle Signalset von Anschlüssen (1147, 1149) in ersten und zweiten Reihen im Gehäuse (1133) angeordnet ist, wobei die erste Reihe ein erstes Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) enthält und die zweite Reihe das erste Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1141, 1142) enthält, : stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1141, 1142) in der zweiten Reihe, benachbart zueinander und beabstandet voneinander in einem ersten Abstand, angeordnet sind, wobei das erste Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) in der ersten Reihe, benachbart zueinander, aber voneinander beabstandet in einem zweiten Abstand, der größer als der erste Abstand ist, angeordnet sind.
  16. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 15, wobei das erste Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1141, 1142) miteinander verbunden ist.
  17. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 16, wobei das erste Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1141, 1142) miteinander zwischen den Kontakt-und Schwanzabschnitten hiervon verbunden ist.
  18. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Gehäuse (1133) eine Vielzahl von Anschluss aufnehmenden Passagen aufweist und das erste Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1147, 1149) in zwei der Anschluss aufnehmenden Passagen aufgenommen ist, und voneinander durch eine dazwischenliegende leere Anschluss aufnehmende Passage getrennt ist.
  19. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Anschlüsse weiterhin einen zweiten differentiellen Signalkanal definieren, der ein zweites Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1144, 1146) aufweist, sowie ein zweites Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1151, 1152), angeordnet in der ersten und zweiten Reihe des Gehäuses (1133), wobei das zweite Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1151, 1152) voneinander durch einen ersten Abstand beabstandet ist, und das zweite Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1144, 1146) voneinander durch einen zweiten Abstand beabstandet ist.
  20. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 19, wobei das zweite Paar differentieller Signalanschlüsse (1144, 1146) in der zweiten Reihe des Gehäuses (1133) und das zweite Paar in Verbindung stehender Erdungsanschlüsse (1151, 1152) in der ersten Reihe des Gehäuses (1133) angeordnet ist.
EP03774494A 2002-09-25 2003-09-25 Impedanzangepasste kontaktanordnung und verbinder Expired - Fee Related EP1459414B1 (de)

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US41333002P 2002-09-25 2002-09-25
US413330P 2002-09-25
PCT/US2003/030106 WO2004030158A2 (en) 2002-09-25 2003-09-25 Impedance-tuned terminal contact arrangement and connectors incorporating same

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JP4647675B2 (ja) * 2008-07-22 2011-03-09 ホシデン株式会社 コネクタ
JP5405582B2 (ja) * 2008-11-14 2014-02-05 モレックス インコーポレイテド 共振変更コネクタ
WO2010068671A1 (en) 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Molex Incorporated Resonance modifying connector
DE102008054724A1 (de) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrischer Steckverbinder
CN103477508A (zh) * 2010-10-22 2013-12-25 Fci连接器新加坡有限公司 高速柔性印刷电路板连接器
JP2012227025A (ja) * 2011-04-20 2012-11-15 Hosiden Corp コネクタ
CN103094736B (zh) * 2011-11-07 2015-07-08 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 线缆连接器组件
WO2014113563A1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-07-24 Molex Incorporated Low profile connector system
US9455534B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-09-27 Molex, Llc Integrated signal pair element and connector using same
JP2016072032A (ja) * 2014-09-29 2016-05-09 矢崎総業株式会社 回路基板用コネクタ
EP3444907A1 (de) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-20 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG Steckverbinderanordnung

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US6280209B1 (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-08-28 Molex Incorporated Connector with improved performance characteristics
US6454605B1 (en) * 1999-07-16 2002-09-24 Molex Incorporated Impedance-tuned termination assembly and connectors incorporating same
US6350134B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-02-26 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical connector having triad contact groups arranged in an alternating inverted sequence
JP3564555B2 (ja) * 2001-03-05 2004-09-15 日本航空電子工業株式会社 高速ディファレンシャル信号伝送用コネクタ
EP1413014B1 (de) * 2001-06-11 2005-12-21 Molex Incorporated Impedanzabgestimmter verbinder mit hoher dichte
JP4091603B2 (ja) * 2002-06-21 2008-05-28 モレックス インコーポレーテッド モジュール構造を有するインピーダンス調整された高密度コネクタ

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EP1459414A2 (de) 2004-09-22
WO2004030158B1 (en) 2004-07-15
JP4068618B2 (ja) 2008-03-26
AU2003282873A1 (en) 2004-04-19
CN100474708C (zh) 2009-04-01
WO2004030158A3 (en) 2004-06-10
CN1742411A (zh) 2006-03-01
JP2006500749A (ja) 2006-01-05
WO2004030158A2 (en) 2004-04-08
DE60325325D1 (de) 2009-01-29

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