EP1458944A2 - Structure de batiment et procede de production de cette derniere - Google Patents
Structure de batiment et procede de production de cette derniereInfo
- Publication number
- EP1458944A2 EP1458944A2 EP02786266A EP02786266A EP1458944A2 EP 1458944 A2 EP1458944 A2 EP 1458944A2 EP 02786266 A EP02786266 A EP 02786266A EP 02786266 A EP02786266 A EP 02786266A EP 1458944 A2 EP1458944 A2 EP 1458944A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foundation
- building construction
- structural member
- resilient tensioning
- structural
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to building constructions and methods of manufacturing building constructions, and in particular, but not exclusively, to a construction which may be resistant to damage by seismic activity.
- a known type of building construction which may be particularly resistant to damage by seismic activity uses a substantially vertical structural member such as a wall or a column, which is attached to a foundation member by a tensioned resilient member, typically a steel rod or cable.
- the structural member In the event of an earthquake, the structural member is adapted to pivot relative to the foundation, with the resilient tensioning member providing the necessary restoring force to prevent the wall from pivoting beyond the point at which the entire building will collapse.
- the overall construction becomes more resilient and able to withstand larger disturbances without catastrophic failure.
- a further problem may arise if any part of the tensioning member is exposed to the atmosphere and in particular if water is allowed to penetrate the construction and sit against the tensioning member. In such cases the tensioning member may corrode and be weakened.
- a building construction including a foundation member associated with a structural member including a base adjacent said foundation member, at least one resilient tensioning member bonded to or integrally associated with said foundation member extending through said base and into said structural member, a first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member adjacent said base free from connection to said structural member and a second portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member spaced apart from said base bonded to or integrally associated with said structural member, wherein in use, said at least one resilient tensioning member biases said structural member towards said foundation member.
- the or each said resilient tensioning member may, in use, exert a restoring force on said structural member when said structural member is displaced relative to said foundation member.
- said structural member may be substantially vertically orientated.
- said at least one resilient tensioning member may be cast into said foundation member.
- said at least one resilient tensioning member may be cast into said structural member.
- said foundation member may include at least one reinforcing member orientated substantially perpendicular to said first portion of said resilient tensioning member.
- a portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member which is bonded to or integrally associated with said foundation member may be orientated substantially perpendicular to said first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member.
- said at least one resilient tensioning member may be connectable to at least one of said at least one substantially perpendicular reinforcing member.
- an interface between said structural member and said foundation member may be adapted to allow rotation of said structural member about a substantially horizontal rotation axis and to resist lateral movement between said structural member and said foundation member.
- said foundation member may include a raised portion at said interface and said structural member may include a receptacle to receive said raised portion.
- said raised portion may include a tapered lug and said receptacle may be adapted to receive said lug.
- said foundation may include a plurality of raised ribs adapted to engage a lower portion of said structural member and thereby prevent lateral movement of said structural member relative to said foundation member.
- at least one damping member may be provided between said foundation member and said structural member
- said structural member may include a column.
- an upper portion of said column may include a web section substantially transversely intersecting a flange section to provide a substantially T shaped horizontal cross-section, and a lower portion of the column may have a substantially convex polygon shaped horizontal cross- section adapted to, in use, provide a stable base for said column.
- said lower portion of said column may be substantially rectangular in cross-section.
- the width and breadth of said lower portion of said column may be substantially equal to or less than the width and breadth of said upper portion of said column.
- said column may be provided with at least one corbel.
- one or more of said at least one corbel may be provided at substantially an intersection of said web section and said flange section.
- one or more of said at least one corbel may be adapted to support a beam.
- one or more of said at least one corbel may include a curved bearing pad.
- at least one of said at least one corbel may include an aperture at substantially the intersection of said web section and said flange section to direct water from an upper surface of said at least one corbel to substantially the corner of the web section and the flange section of the column below said at least one corbel.
- said structural member may include a wall.
- a method of manufacturing a building construction includes the steps of forming a foundation member with at least one resilient tensioning member bonded to or integrally associated with said foundation member, applying a predetermined tension to said at least one resilient tensioning member, forming a structural member around said at least one resilient tensioning member including a base adjacent said foundation member, leaving a first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member adjacent said base free from connection and bonding or integrally associating a second portion of said at least one tensioning member spaced apart from said base to said structural member such that, in use, said at least one resilient tensioning member biases said structural member towards said foundation member.
- the method may include the step of casting said foundation member around said at least one resilient tensioning member so that the casting process causes said at least one resilient tensioning member to become integrally associated with said foundation member.
- the method may include the step of casting said structural member around said at least one resilient tensioning member so that the casting process causes said second portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member to become integrally associated with said structural member.
- the method may include the step of providing at least one void former around said first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member to prevent said first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member from becoming integrally associated with said foundation member.
- the method may include providing said foundation member with at least one reinforcing member orientated substantially perpendicular to said first portion of said resilient tensioning member.
- a portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member which is bonded to or integrally associated with said foundation member may be orientated substantially perpendicular to said first portion of said at least one resilient tensioning member.
- the method may include the step of connecting at least one of said at least one resilient tensioning member to at least one of said at least one substantially perpendicular reinforcing member.
- the method may include adapting an interface between said structural member and said foundation member to allow rotation of said structural member about a substantially horizontal rotation axis and to resist lateral movement between said structural member and said foundation member.
- the method may include providing said foundation member with a raised portion at said interface and providing said structural member with a receptacle to receive said raised portion.
- said raised portion may include a tapered lug and said receptacle may be adapted to receive said lug.
- the method may include providing said foundation member with a plurality of raised ribs adapted to engage a lower portion of said structural member and to thereby prevent lateral movement of said structural member relative to said foundation member.
- the method may include providing at least one damping member between said foundation member and said structural member.
- FIGURE 1 Shows a cross-section side view of a building construction according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 Shows a cross-section through the wall and foundation member of the building construction of Figure 1.
- FIGURE 3 Shows an enlarged view of the section of Figure 2 referenced X.
- FIGURE 4 Shows a perspective view of a building construction according to a second aspect of the present invention.
- FIGURE 5 Shows a perspective view of a demountable building including the building construction of Figure 4.
- FIGURE 6 Shows an enlarged view of an upper part of the building construction of Figure 5 including detail of a corbel with a raised bearing pad.
- FIGURE 7 Is a diagram illustrating the improved stability provided by providing a T shape column with a convex polygon shaped lower portion.
- FIGURE 8 Is an enlarged view of a lower part of the building construction of Figure 5 showing detail of the raised ribs on the foundation member and showing the damping members in outline, as well as showing a screw pile.
- FIGURE 9A Shows a diagrammatic cross section of one possible embodiment of the building construction of present invention with a rectangular structural member and an elongate foundation member, and with a temporary tendon anchor holding the tendons in place.
- FIGURE 9B Shows a plan view of the building construction illustrated in Figure 9A without the temporary tendon anchor or exposed tendons.
- FIGURE 10A Shows a diagrammatic cross section of one possible embodiment of the building construction of present invention with a structural member having a T shaped upper section and a rectangular shaped lower section, and with a temporary tendon anchor holding the tendons in place.
- FIGURE 10B Shows a plan view of the building construction illustrated in Figure 10A without the temporary tendon anchor or exposed tendons.
- FIGURE 11 A Shows a diagrammatic cross section of one possible embodiment of the building construction of present invention with a rectangular structural member and a similar rectangular shape foundation member, and with a temporary tendon anchor holding the tendons in place.
- FIGURE 11 B Shows a plan view of the building construction illustrated in Figure 11A without the temporary tendon anchor or exposed tendons.
- a building construction generally referenced by arrow 100 includes a structural member 1 , in this embodiment a wall, with a base 2 adjacent a foundation member 3.
- the structural member 1 may be substantially vertically orientated, but in some embodiments it may orientated slightly away from the vertical as required.
- the structural member 1 may be column, pier or the like.
- At least one resilient tensioning member for example a steel rod or more preferably a steel cable, hereinafter called a tendon 4, may be bonded to or integrally associated with the foundation member 3 and may extend from the foundation member 3 through the base 2 into the structural member 1.
- a first lower portion 6 of the tendon 4 may be free from connection to the structural member 1.
- a second upper portion 5 of the tendon 4 spaced apart from the base 2 may be bonded to or integrally associated with the structural member 1.
- Preferably the upper portion 5 of the tendon 4 may be cast into the structural member 1.
- the tendon 4 may be held in tension by the foundation member 3 and the structural member 1 so as to bias the structural member 1 towards the foundation member 3.
- the interface between the foundation member 3 and the structural member 1 may be adapted to prevent lateral movement between the structural member 1 and the foundation member 3 while allowing rotation of the structural member 1 relative to the foundation member 3 about a substantially horizontal axis.
- the foundation member 3 may preferably include a raised portion, for example a lug 7, preferably with a substantially trapezoidal cross section, which may engage a suitably shaped receptacle 8 in the structural member 1 to prevent lateral movement between the structural member 1 and the foundation member 3.
- the lug 7 may allow rotational movement about one or more horizontal axes which are substantially parallel to the plane of the structural member 1. In the case that the structural member is a column or some other relatively slender member, the rotation allowed may be around a horizontal axis which is substantially transverse to the principal axis of the column.
- a lateral force applied to the structural member 1 may cause the structural member 1 to rotate relative to the foundation member 3 about one of these axes.
- the rotation may cause an increase in the tension of the lower portion 6 of the tendon 4, which may in turn provide a corresponding restoring force, returning the structural member 1 to its equilibrium position. This may allow the structural member 1 to "rock" relative to the foundation member 3 without destroying the connection to the foundation member 3.
- the raised lugs 7 may have the advantage of preventing water which enters the interface between the foundation member 3 and the structural member 1 from pooling around or sitting next to the tendon 4.
- a suitable water seal (not shown) may be provided to prevent the capillary rise of water.
- the foundation member 3 may be reinforced by a plurality of spaced apart, substantially parallel, substantially rectangular reinforcing members 10 embedded within the foundation member 3, and a plurality of reinforcing members 11 , preferably steel reinforcing rod, extending substantially transversely to the lower portion 6 of the tendon 4.
- the transverse reinforcing members 11 may, in use, be orientated substantially horizontally and may preferably run inside the perimeter of the rectangular reinforcing members 10, if provided.
- Each rectangular reinforcing member 10 may be orientated to effectively provide two substantially vertically reinforcing members 10A and two substantially horizontal reinforcing members 10B which are perpendicular to the plane of the structural member 1.
- an end portion 4A of the tendon 4 which is bonded or otherwise integrally associated with the foundation member 3 may extend substantially perpendicular to the lower portion 6 of the tendon 4, thereby increasing the resistance of the tendon 4 to pull out of the foundation member 3.
- the end portion 4A may extend parallel to the base 2 of the structural member 1 beneath at least one of the horizontal reinforcing members 10B provided by the rectangular reinforcing members 10.
- the tendon 4 may be connectable with at least one of the transverse reinforcing members 11 , for example by means of a loop (not shown) formed in the end of the tendon 4 encircling at least one of the horizontal reinforcing members 11.
- the tendon 4 may extend from the structural member 1 to below one or more of the rectangular reinforcing members 10 and then back into the structural member 1.
- the foundation member 3 may be attached to one or more further foundation members 12. Further reinforcing rods 13 may be fastened to the foundation member 3 by means of a threaded end 14 of the reinforcing rod 13 engaging with a corresponding threaded fitting 15 cast into the foundation member 3. In this manner the forces generated in the tendon 4 may be distributed throughout a building structure.
- Damping members 16 such as steel rods, may be located between the foundation member 3 and the structural member 1 to provide damping of the relative movement between the foundation member 3 and the structural member 1. This may assist in preventing excessive oscillations in the event of a sustained seismic event.
- the building construction may be fabricated by casting or otherwise bonding at least one tendon 4 to a foundation member 3, which may for example be manufactured from concrete or from steel.
- the foundation member 3 may then be positioned adjacent a suitable mould for forming the structural member 1.
- the or each tendon 4 may then be tensioned to a required tension by a suitable means and the structural member 1 cast around them, preferably from concrete.
- the tendon 4 may be held by temporary tendon anchors 31, best seen in Figures 9A, 10A and 11A, and tensioned by means of hydraulic actuators 33.
- the temporary tendon anchors 31 may be removed once the structural member 1 , 1A, 1 B, 1C has cured sufficiently to hold the tendon 4 without allowing excessive slip relative to the structural member 1 , 1A, 1 B, 1C. Some slip is necessary for locking of the tendon to the structural member to occur. The necessary slip is generally of the order of 1-2 mm.
- the tendons 4 may be trimmed substantially flush with the end of the structural member 1 , 1A, 1 B, 1C.
- void formers or sheaths located adjacent the base 2 of the structural member 1 may separate the structural member 1 from the lower portion 6 of the tendon 4 during the casting process, ensuring that the lower portion 6 is free from connection to the structural member 1.
- This unbonded zone may be necessary to allow the tendon 4 to stretch without failing when the structural member 1 "rocks" during a seismic event.
- the length of the tendon 4 which must remain free from connection to the structural member 1 may be determined by the properties of the tendon 4 and the characteristics required of the building construction 100.
- a building construction 200 includes a relatively slender structural member, for example a column, pier or the like 300.
- a relatively slender structural member for example a column, pier or the like 300.
- the column 300 may be associated with a foundation member 400.
- An upper portion 17 of the column 300 may include a flange section 18 intersected by a web section 19 to provide a substantially T shaped horizontal cross section.
- Corbels 20 may protrude from one or both sides of the upper portion 17 as required, the corbels 20 located between the flange 18 and the web 19, preferably at intervals substantially corresponding to a required distance between the floors of a building.
- a lower portion 21 of the column 300 may be a substantially convex polygon, that is a planar polygon which it contains all the line segments connecting any pair of its points, in cross section.
- the convex cross section may preferably be substantially rectangular, but substantially hexagonal or octagonal cross sections may be used if preferred.
- the present invention may be particularly useful in constructing demountable structures such as the demountable car parking building 500 illustrated in Figure 5.
- the building 500 may include a plurality of spaced apart columns 300 supporting a number of beams 22 therebetween.
- the beams 22 may rest on corbels 20 at either end.
- Flooring units 23 may be supported between opposing pairs of beams 22.
- each flooring unit 23 may be substantially the same width as an individual car parking space, although other widths may be used as required. In the case that the flooring units 23 are the same width as an individual car park, the joints between each flooring unit 23 may be used to delimit each space, thereby eliminating the need for demarcation of car parking spaces by painted lines.
- the corbels 20 may preferably include a curved bearing pad 24 on which the beams 23 bear.
- the bearing pad 24 may be manufactured from a material which allows rotation of a beam 23 on the corbel 20 without damage to the corbel 20.
- the curved bearing pads 24 may allow the beams 23 to remain substantially horizontal without damaging the bearing pad 24 or the beam 23. This configuration of connection may also ensure that the beams 23 do not impart a bending load on the columns 300 when the columns 300 rock in this way. This may decrease the likelihood of failure of a column 300 in an earthquake.
- T shaped column 300 with a substantially convex polygon shaped lower portion 21 is illustrated by simple example in Figure 7.
- the T shaped upper cross section may be particularly suitable for use with the building configurations such as that illustrated in Figure 5.
- a column with a uniform T shaped cross-section along its entire length may not provide the required degree of stability.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a possible pivot axis 25' for an object with a substantially T shaped lower portion 21'.
- the distance from the centre of gravity 26 to the pivot axis 25' is represented by arrow X.
- arrow Y the shortest distance to the new pivot axis 25, represented by arrow Y, is increased.
- the column 300 is made more stable without increasing the area necessary to accommodate the lower portion 21.
- a similar increase in stability may be realised through the use of other convex shapes such as a substantially circular or octagonal lower portion.
- the lower portion 21 may be substantially the same width and breadth as the T shape cross section.
- the interface between the column 300 and the foundation member 400 may include raised ribs 27 extending from each corner of the foundation member 400.
- the ribs 27 may be adapted to engage the lower portion 21 of the column to allow it rotate relative to the foundation member 400 but not to move laterally relative to the foundation member 400. This arrangement may be used as an alternative to the lug 7 and receptacle 8 of the embodiment described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- the ribs 27 may also provide additional strength to the foundation member 400 for a given weight.
- Damping members 28 may be provided between the column 300 and the foundation member 400 which may, in use, damp the oscillations of the column 300 relative to the foundation member 400.
- the damping members 28 may be manufactured from steel with low yield strength and low strain hardening characteristics.
- the damping members 28 may be designed to plastically or viscously deform when the column 300 rocks relative to the foundation member 400. This may reduce the amplitude of the oscillations of the building construction and may prevent resonance of the building in the event that the frequency of the seismic disturbance is close to the natural frequency of the building.
- Screw piles 34 may preferably be used to provide additional stability to the foundation member 3 in areas of high seismic activity, or on sites with weak soil.
- the corbels 20 may include a drainage aperture 29 at the corner of the flange portion 18 and web portion 19 of the column 300.
- the or each corbel 20 may slope down towards the drainage aperture 29, thus draining any water which falls onto an upper surface of the corbel 20 into the aperture 29.
- the applicant has found that water directed into a corner in this manner may remain substantially attached to the corner of a T shaped column 300.
- the beams 22 and flooring units 23 may also be adapted to direct water towards the corbels 20.
- some or all of the major structural members may include lifting apertures 30 therethrough to allow hoisting of the members by a lifting means, for example a crane.
- a lifting means for example a crane.
- This may be particularly useful in demountable structures where the structure may be disassembled a number of months or even years after its construction. While the lifting apertures 30 of the present invention may suffer little or no degradation with time, corrosion may cause the steel lifting eyes of the prior art to become unsafe after exposure to the elements for extended periods.
- the building construction 200 described above may be manufactured by the method described above in respect of the first aspect of the present invention, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the building construction 200 according to the second aspect of the invention may provide advantages over building constructions of the prior art even if manufactured by the manufacturing methods of the prior art, or any other suitable method.
- Figures 9A to 11 B show three further embodiments of the invention with temporary tendon anchors 31 still attached to the tendons 4.
- the foundation member 3 may be configured in a number of different ways depending on the application.
- the building construction illustrated in Figures 9A and 9B shows one possible embodiment in which the structural member 1A is a substantially rectangular column.
- the foundation member 3A may be an elongate member.
- the structural member 1A is rectangular in cross-section it may be substantially uniform in cross-section while still providing a stable base 2A.
- the building construction illustrated in Figures 10A and 10B has a structural member 1B with a substantially T shaped upper section 17 and a substantially rectangular lower section 21.
- the foundation member 3B in this embodiment may be steel and may be provided with mounting apertures 32 for mounting the foundation member 3B to a suitable portion of a building structure (not shown).
- the tendons 4 may be connected to the raised lugs 7 rather than cast into the interior of the foundation member 3B.
- the building construction illustrated in Figures 11A and 11B has a foundation member 3C of approximately the same cross-section as the structural member 1C.
- the foundation member 3C may be received into a suitably shaped aperture in a building structure (not shown) and secured to the structure by suitable fastening means.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ51526001 | 2001-11-02 | ||
NZ51526001A NZ515260A (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Building construction with tensioning member bonded to base and structural members at ends but having portion adjacent base free from connection to structural member |
NZ51838202 | 2002-04-15 | ||
NZ51838202 | 2002-04-15 | ||
PCT/NZ2002/000237 WO2003038202A2 (fr) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-11-04 | Structure de batiment et procede de production de cette derniere |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1458944A2 true EP1458944A2 (fr) | 2004-09-22 |
EP1458944A4 EP1458944A4 (fr) | 2006-03-01 |
Family
ID=26652291
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02786266A Withdrawn EP1458944A4 (fr) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-11-04 | Structure de batiment et procede de production de cette derniere |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050034393A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1458944A4 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003038202A2 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB626097A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1949-07-08 | Structural & Mechanical Dev En | Improvements relating to the assembly of precast concrete structural units |
US20010046417A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-11-29 | Hirokazu Iemura | High-aseismic reinforced concrete pier using unbonded high-strength core member |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU715757A1 (ru) * | 1978-07-06 | 1980-02-15 | Центральный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Типового И Экспериментального Проектирования Зрелищных,Спортивных И Административных Зданий И Сооружений Им.Б.С.Мезенцева | Многоэтажное сейсмостойкое здание |
FR2432074A2 (fr) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-22 | Batiment General | Systeme de construction de batiments d'habitation, et notamment de maisons individuelles |
US4887691A (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1989-12-19 | Rotondo/Penn-Cast | Modular wall construction using posts and panels |
GR1001450B (el) * | 1992-12-24 | 1993-12-30 | Ioannis Logiadis | Αντισεισμικός σύνδεσμος δεσμευμένης ταλάντωσης για μία ασφαλή σεισμική μόνωση των κατασκευών. |
JP2000080758A (ja) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-21 | Bonpei Goto | 建築用耐震性不倒壊柱 |
US6431797B2 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2002-08-13 | Pyramid Retaining Walls, Llc | Masonry retainer wall system and method |
IL133306A0 (en) * | 1999-12-05 | 2001-04-30 | Erel Igal | A basic element for prefabricated post |
-
2002
- 2002-11-04 WO PCT/NZ2002/000237 patent/WO2003038202A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-04 EP EP02786266A patent/EP1458944A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-04-30 US US10/836,910 patent/US20050034393A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB626097A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1949-07-08 | Structural & Mechanical Dev En | Improvements relating to the assembly of precast concrete structural units |
US20010046417A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-11-29 | Hirokazu Iemura | High-aseismic reinforced concrete pier using unbonded high-strength core member |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO03038202A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003038202A2 (fr) | 2003-05-08 |
WO2003038202A3 (fr) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1458944A4 (fr) | 2006-03-01 |
US20050034393A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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