EP1456921A1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Info

Publication number
EP1456921A1
EP1456921A1 EP02798338A EP02798338A EP1456921A1 EP 1456921 A1 EP1456921 A1 EP 1456921A1 EP 02798338 A EP02798338 A EP 02798338A EP 02798338 A EP02798338 A EP 02798338A EP 1456921 A1 EP1456921 A1 EP 1456921A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
protection device
overvoltage protection
spark gap
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02798338A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1456921B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Birkholz
Rainer Durth
Martin Wetter
Joachim Wosgien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10212697A external-priority patent/DE10212697A1/de
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1456921A1 publication Critical patent/EP1456921A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1456921B1 publication Critical patent/EP1456921B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device with a first electrode, with a second electrode, with an air breakdown spark gap existing or effective between the two electrodes and with a housing which receives the electrodes, the ignition of the air breakdown spark gap An arc arises between the two electrodes.
  • Electrical, but in particular electronic measuring, control, regulating and switching circuits are sensitive to transient overvoltages, as can occur in particular due to atmospheric discharges, but also due to switching operations or short circuits in energy supply networks.
  • This sensitivity has increased to the extent that electronic components, in particular transistors and thyristors, are used; Above all, increasingly used integrated circuits are endangered to a great extent by transient overvoltages.
  • An essential component of overvoltage protection device of the type in question here is at least one spark gap which responds to a certain overvoltage, the response voltage, and thus prevents overvoltages which are greater than the response voltage of the spark gap from occurring in the circuit protected by a surge protection device ,
  • the overvoltage protection device has two electrodes and an air breakdown spark gap which exists or is effective between the two electrodes.
  • Air-breakdown spark gap is generally a breakdown spark gap; A breakdown spark gap should therefore also be included, in which not gas but another gas is present between the electrodes.
  • surge protection devices with an air breakdown spark gap there are surge protection devices with an air flashover spark gap in which a sliding discharge occurs when activated.
  • Overvoltage protection devices with an air breakdown spark gap have the advantage of a higher surge current carrying capacity compared to overvoltage protection devices with an air flashover spark gap, but the disadvantage of a higher - and not particularly constant - response voltage. For this reason, various overvoltage protection devices with an air breakdown spark gap have already been proposed, which have been improved with regard to the response voltage. Ignition aids have been implemented in the area of the electrodes or the air breakdown spark gap effective between the electrodes, for. B. in such a way that at least one ignition aid triggering a sliding discharge has been provided, which at least partially protrudes into the air breakdown spark gap, is designed like a web and is made of plastic (cf., for example, German Offenlegungsschriften 41 41 681 or 44 02 615).
  • the ignition aids provided in the known overvoltage protection devices can be referred to as “passive ignition aids", as it were, “passive ignition aids” because they are not themselves “active” respond, but only respond by an overvoltage that occurs at the main electrodes.
  • an overvoltage protection device with two electrodes, with an air breakdown spark gap acting between the two electrodes and an ignition aid is also known from German published patent application 198 03 636.
  • the ignition aid in contrast to the ignition aids which trigger a sliding discharge, is designed as an "active ignition aid", namely in that two ignition electrodes are provided in addition to the two electrodes - referred to there as the main electrodes. These two ignition electrodes form a second air breakdown spark gap, which serves as a spark gap.
  • the ignition aid includes, in addition to the spark gap, an ignition circuit with an ignition switching element. When an overvoltage is applied to the known overvoltage protection device, the ignition circuit with the ignition switching element responds to the ignition spark gap.
  • the ignition spark gap or the two ignition electrodes are arranged with respect to the two main electrodes in such a way that the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes, called the main spark gap, responds because the spark gap has responded.
  • the response of the spark gap leads to ionization of the air present in the air breakdown spark gap, so that - suddenly - after the spark gap has tripped, the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes, i.e. the main spark gap, also responds.
  • the ignition aids lead to an improved, namely lower and more constant response voltage.
  • the surge protection device known from German laid-open specification 44 02 615 has two narrow electrodes, each of which is of an angular shape and each has a spark horn and an angled connecting leg.
  • the spark horns of the electrodes are provided with a hole in their areas adjacent to the connecting legs. The holes provided in the spark horns of the electrodes ensure that the arc that arises is "set in motion" by a thermal pressure effect at the moment the overvoltage protection element responds, ie, ignites, that is to say moves away from its point of origin.
  • the distance to be bridged by the arc is thus increased when the arc migrates out, as a result of which the arc voltage also rises.
  • the disadvantage here is that the geometrical dimensions of the electrodes must be correspondingly large in order to achieve the desired increase in the arc length, so that the overvoltage protection device as a whole is also bound to certain geometrical specifications.
  • the low-impedance connection between the two electrodes is initially interrupted, the space between the two electrodes, i. H. the area of the air breakdown spark gap, however, is still almost completely filled with plasma. Due to the existing plasma, however, the response voltage between the two electrodes is reduced in such a way that the air breakdown spark gap can be re-ignited even when the operating voltage is present. This problem occurs in particular when the overvoltage protection device has an encapsulated or semi-open housing, since the essentially closed housing then prevents the plasma from cooling or volatilizing.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an overvoltage protection device of the type described at the outset which is distinguished by a high line follow current extinguishing capacity, but can nevertheless be implemented in a structurally simple manner.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in which the above-mentioned object is achieved, is initially and essentially characterized in that the air breakdown spark gap has an impedance connected in parallel and that the parallel connection of air breakdown spark gap and impedance is an insulation gap in series is switched.
  • the overvoltage protection device is generally parallel to the input of the circuit to be protected or the system or device to be protected.
  • the - two-pole - overvoltage protection device is thus electrically, and galvanically, connected to the lines or connections between which the mains voltage is present during operation.
  • the first line or the first connection is also described as being live, while the second line or the second connection is also referred to as ground.
  • the first electrode of the overvoltage device is to be or are to be connected to the live line or the live connection and the second electrode of the overvoltage device is to be connected to ground.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can also be connected in reverse, and of course the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can not only be used to protect circuits in which an AC voltage is present as the mains voltage, but rather the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can also be used without any problems if the Mains voltage of the circuit to be protected is a direct voltage.
  • the impedance which is connected in parallel to the air breakdown spark gap, would result in the fact that if the nominal voltage (mains voltage) of the electrical circuit, which is to be protected by the overvoltage protection device, is applied, the overvoltage protection device would become conductive as a whole at line voltage non-conductive air breakdown spark gap would be "short-circuited" by the parallel impedance.
  • the insulation path is designed so that it is not conductive at nominal voltage, but becomes conductive when an overvoltage occurs.
  • the air breakdown spark gap connected in parallel with the impedance becomes conductive, ie. H. an arc arises between the two electrodes of the air breakdown spark gap.
  • the lightning current to be dissipated now flows through the resulting low-impedance connection.
  • the undesired line follow current would flow via the low-impedance connection between the two electrodes. Due to the previous application of the overvoltage, however, the insulation path has now become conductive. This initially leads to the fact that the line follow current is divided between the parallel connection of air breakdown spark gap and impedance. It then follows that only a part of the line follow current flows through the air breakdown spark gap, the current of the arc is thus reduced, which in turn leads to an increase in the impedance of the arc.
  • the impedance is formed by a resistor which is arranged in the combustion chamber between the two electrodes.
  • the insulation gap can be implemented particularly simply in that a third electrode is provided, which is arranged between the first electrode and the resistor, so that a second air breakdown spark gap is formed between the first electrode and the third electrode. which acts as an insulation section.
  • the insulation path is implemented by a voltage switching element.
  • the voltage switching element is selected or dimensioned such that it does not conduct at the nominal voltage, but becomes conductive at the response voltage of the overvoltage protection device, that is to say "switches".
  • a varistor, a suppressor diode or a gas-filled voltage arrester can be provided as the voltage switching element.
  • the resistance forming the impedance consists of a material which is electrically conductive and resistant to arcing, so that it is not destroyed in the event of an arcing in the overvoltage protection device.
  • the resistor is preferably made of a conductive plastic, a metallic material or a conductive ceramic.
  • the resistor can, for example, be made of a POM-Teflon plastic, which is given the desired conductivity by adding carbon black.
  • the resistor can also be made from materials that have a non-linear resistance behavior.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
  • the overvoltage protection device - which is also shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 only in terms of its basic structure - each includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and an air breakdown spark gap existing or effective between the two electrodes 1 and 2 3.
  • the overvoltage protection device also has a housing 4 (not shown in FIG. 1) in which the electrodes 1, 2 are arranged.
  • an arc 5 is formed between the two electrodes 1 and 2 when the air breakdown spark gap 3 is ignited.
  • the two electrodes 1 and 2 or the air breakdown spark gap 3 are connected in parallel with an impedance 6, which is also arranged in the housing 4, and the parallel circuit 7 consisting of air breakdown spark gap 3 and impedance 6 is an insulation gap 8 in Series connected.
  • the impedance 6 is formed by a resistor 9 which is arranged in the combustion chamber 10 in the interior of the housing 4.
  • the insulation path 8 is realized in that a third electrode 11 is provided, which is arranged between the first electrode 1 and the resistor 9, so that between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 a second air breakdown spark gap 12 exists or is effective, which acts as an insulation section 8.
  • a line follow current I F is now prevented or an occurring line follow current I F is extinguished by the fact that the air breakdown spark gap 3 has the impedance 6 connected in parallel.
  • both the air breakdown spark gap 3 and the insulation gap 8 or the second air breakdown spark gap 9 become conductive by between The first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 - in the simplified operating principle according to FIG. 1 - or between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 and between the third electrode 11 and the second electrode 2, an arc arises.
  • a flowing line follow current I F is divided into the two partial currents I L (current of the arc 5) and I R (current via the impedance 6). This division of the line follow current I F already results in a first reduction in the current I L of the arc 5.
  • the negative differential resistance of the arc causes the impedance of the arc 5 or the air breakdown spark gap 3 to be increased by reducing the current I L of the arc 5. If the impedance of the branch of the parallel circuit 7 formed by the air breakdown spark gap 3 now increases, the result is that the current I R via the impedance 6 increases compared to the current I L of the arc 5. The proportion of the line follow current I F> that flows over the parallel-connected impedance 6 thus increases. The resulting further reduction in the current I L of the arc 5 leads to a further increase in the impedance of the arc 5 or the air breakdown spark gap 3 until the arc 5 is finally completely extinguished. The impedance 6 limits the flowing current to such an extent that the insulation path 8 is also erased, which means that the overvoltage protection device as a whole is no longer conductive and the line follow current I F is thus extinguished.
  • the person skilled in the art can determine the resistance 9, taking into account the volume of the overvoltage protection device, the spacing of the electrodes 1, 2 and 11 from one another
  • the resistor 9 can consist of a conductive plastic, a metallic material or a conductive ceramic, the resistor 9 receiving the desired conductivity on the one hand and the required arc resistance on the other by appropriate additives.
  • the distance between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 is smaller than the distance between the third electrode 11 and the second electrode 2, the distances between the electrodes but can also be chosen differently.
  • the two embodiments according to the two FIGS. 2 and 3 differ first of all in that the third electrode 11 is electrically conductively connected to an ignition switching element 13 when the overvoltage protection device according to FIG. 3 is implemented. With the help of the ignition switching element 13, the third electrode 11 can then be designed as an ignition aid, the third electrode 11 together with the ignition switching element 13 then representing an “active ignition aid”, as described in the subsequently published DE 101 46 728.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 also show two different, preferred geometrical configurations of the resistor 9, the resistor 9 according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 being designed as an essentially cylindrical block and the resistor 9 according to FIG. 3 being designed as a ring , This then results in an annular combustion chamber 10 or a cylindrical combustion chamber 10 '.
  • the corners or edges 16 of the resistor 9, which are in mechanical contact with the electrodes 2 and 11, are rounded or beveled. This creates a gap 17 between the resistor 9 and the electrode 2 or 11, by means of which the surface field strength is increased when an overvoltage occurs at the corners or edges 16 of the resistor 9.
  • the housing 4 which is preferably designed as a metallic pressure housing, has an inner insulating housing 18, the third electrode 11 with the metallic pressure housing 4 being shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 connected is.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comprenant une première électrode (1), une seconde électrode (2), un éclateur à air (3) formé et agissant entre ces deux électrodes (1, 2), ainsi qu'un logement (4) destiné à loger lesdites électrodes (1, 2), l'amorçage de l'éclateur à air (3) produisant un arc électrique (5) entre les deux électrodes (1, 2). Selon l'invention, le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions présente un pouvoir de coupure particulièrement élevé du courant de suite fourni par le réseau, et présente néanmoins une structure simple. En effet, ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'une impédance (6) est montée en parallèle avec l'éclateur à air (3) et en ce que ce montage en parallèle (7) constitué de l'éclateur à air (3) et de l'impédance (6) est monté en série avec un tronçon d'isolation (8).
EP02798338A 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Expired - Lifetime EP1456921B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10162149 2001-12-17
DE10162149 2001-12-17
DE10212697 2002-03-21
DE10212697A DE10212697A1 (de) 2001-12-17 2002-03-21 Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
PCT/EP2002/014294 WO2003052892A1 (fr) 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1456921A1 true EP1456921A1 (fr) 2004-09-15
EP1456921B1 EP1456921B1 (fr) 2009-09-16

Family

ID=26010798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02798338A Expired - Lifetime EP1456921B1 (fr) 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20050041349A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1456921B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1613171A (fr)
DE (1) DE20220908U1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2292615C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003052892A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2879033B1 (fr) * 2004-12-03 2007-03-16 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Dispositif de protection d'une installation electrique, procede et utilisation correspondants
US20080266730A1 (en) * 2007-04-25 2008-10-30 Karsten Viborg Spark Gaps for ESD Protection
DE102011102941B4 (de) * 2011-03-18 2014-12-11 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Funkenstrecke mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten, in einer Stapelanordnung befindlichen Einzelfunkenstrecken
DE102011001734B4 (de) * 2011-04-01 2016-02-18 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE102011053415A1 (de) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzgerät
DE102013114260A1 (de) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Doppelkontakt-Schalter mit Vakuumschaltkammern
DE102014102065B4 (de) * 2014-02-18 2017-08-17 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Zündelement zur Verwendung bei einem Überspannungsschutzelement, Überspannungsschutzelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zündelements
FR3051292B1 (fr) * 2016-05-12 2020-09-11 Citel Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions transitoires
RU174488U1 (ru) * 2017-04-20 2017-10-17 Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулева" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Устройство защиты от импульсных перенапряжений
DE102017218582B4 (de) * 2017-10-18 2019-12-24 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Bauraumbegrenztes Schutzmodul mit zumindest zwei Überspannungsschutzelementen in parallelen Stromzweigen
DE102019101200A1 (de) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung mit einer in einem isolierenden Gehäuse befindlichen Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer zur Lichtbogenlöschung
US11013075B2 (en) * 2018-12-20 2021-05-18 Nxp Usa, Inc. RF apparatus with arc prevention using non-linear devices
CN114284870B (zh) * 2022-02-16 2022-08-30 华中科技大学 一种自触发式直击雷防护装置

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US3567987A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-03-02 Gerald L Schnurmacher Spark plug construction
JP2513105B2 (ja) * 1992-03-31 1996-07-03 三菱マテリアル株式会社 サ―ジアブソ―バ
DE4240138C2 (de) * 1992-11-28 1995-05-24 Dehn & Soehne Blitzstromtragfähige Anordnung mit zumindest zwei in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken
DE19717802B4 (de) * 1997-04-26 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG Funkenstrecke
DE19803636A1 (de) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-05 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzsystem
DE19856939A1 (de) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-15 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz von elektrischen Installationen gegen Überspannungsereignisse
DE20020771U1 (de) * 2000-02-22 2001-02-15 Dehn & Soehne Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO03052892A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1456921B1 (fr) 2009-09-16
US20050041349A1 (en) 2005-02-24
RU2004121978A (ru) 2006-01-20
WO2003052892A1 (fr) 2003-06-26
RU2292615C2 (ru) 2007-01-27
DE20220908U1 (de) 2004-07-29
CN1613171A (zh) 2005-05-04

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