EP1450012A1 - Electromechanical valve actuator for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine having this electromechanical valve actuator - Google Patents

Electromechanical valve actuator for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine having this electromechanical valve actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1450012A1
EP1450012A1 EP04300050A EP04300050A EP1450012A1 EP 1450012 A1 EP1450012 A1 EP 1450012A1 EP 04300050 A EP04300050 A EP 04300050A EP 04300050 A EP04300050 A EP 04300050A EP 1450012 A1 EP1450012 A1 EP 1450012A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
plate
current
actuator
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04300050A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1450012B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Sedda
Christophe Fageon
Stéphane Guerin
Jean-Paul Yonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP1450012A1 publication Critical patent/EP1450012A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2132—Biasing means
    • F01L2009/2134—Helical springs
    • F01L2009/2136—Two opposed springs for intermediate resting position of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2146—Latching means
    • F01L2009/2148—Latching means using permanent magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2151—Damping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve for internal combustion engine and to an internal combustion engine fitted with such an actuator.
  • An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of valve 110 includes mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means, such as electromagnets 106 and 108, to control the position of the valve 110 by means of electrical signals.
  • the tail of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a magnetic plate 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.
  • valve 110 When the electromechanical actuator 100 is operating correctly, the valve 110 alternates open positions or closed fixed, called switched, with displacements transients between these two positions. Then we will denote “switched state” the state of an open valve or closed.
  • the springs 102 and 104 form, with the elements actuator 100, a oscillating device characterized by a valve switching delay.
  • the switching delay is essentially a function of these stiffnesses k 102 and k 104 and of this mass m.
  • the switching delay ⁇ t c is substantially fixed by the square root of the ratio k / m.
  • the switching delay is short sensitive to variations in the current flowing in the coils 107 and 106 of the electromagnets.
  • the actuator 100 can be provided of magnets 118 (electromagnet 108) and 116 (electromagnet 106) intended to reduce the energy required to maintain the platform 114 in a switched position.
  • electromagnet 106 or 108 with magnet such a polarized electromagnet is called electromagnet 106 or 108 with magnet.
  • the present invention results from the observation that the optimal switching time for a valve varies depending on the engine operation.
  • the present invention also results from the observation that the use of a polarized actuator makes it possible to control a magnetic plate with increased sensitivity compared to a non-polarized actuator, as shown above using Figure 2.
  • the force F exercised by a non-polarized actuator is doubly non linear, i.e. proportional to the square of the intensity of current supplying the electromagnet and vice versa proportional to the square of the air gap.
  • the reduction in the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet, for a weak air gap decreases the intensity of the acceleration undergone by the plateau and therefore its impact speed against the plate, thereby reducing the noise generated by the latter.
  • control of the force exerted on the plate is easier with a polarized actuator than with an actuator not polarized.
  • the present invention relates to a electromechanical valve actuator for combustion engine internal with polarized electromagnet and plate movable magnetic switching between a first neighboring position of the electromagnet and a second position distant from the electromagnet, the switching times between these positions being determined according to the operating state of the engine, characterized in that it comprises means for supplying the electromagnet with a variable attraction current during from the plateau approach to the electromagnet.
  • the switching delay of a valve is modified and adapted to operating conditions of the motor by controlling the attraction current of the electromagnet. For example, when the engine is idling, the switching time is increased to decrease the speed impact of the magnetic plate and, consequently, the noise of engine operation.
  • this operating mode can be set implemented thanks to the increased sensitivity and reach of control of a polarized actuator, as detailed above.
  • the actuator comprises means to decrease the current of attraction as approaching the plateau, which reduces consumption of the actuator.
  • the motor comprises means to reverse the direction of the current supplying the electromagnet when the platter switches to the second position.
  • the actuator comprises means for controlling a current generating a magnetic field intensity less than or equal to the magnetic field generated by a magnet of the electromagnet when the current is reversed.
  • the actuator comprises means for simultaneously controlling power supplies for each electromagnet.
  • the actuator comprises a electromagnet with an E-shaped support, one magnet being located at the end of one of the branches of the support opposite relative to the plateau.
  • the variations of the current are relating to an amplitude and / or a supply duration.
  • the actuator comprises means to consider engine speed as a state parameter of this engine.
  • the present invention thus relates to a motor with internal combustion fitted with an actuator comprising a polarized electromagnet and a magnetic plate switching between a first position close to the electromagnet and a second position.
  • a motor is characterized in that the actuator conforms to one of the embodiments previously described.
  • Figure 3a is shown the position x (axis ordinates 300, in mm) of a magnetic plate located between a high electromagnet and a low magnet electromagnet.
  • the position x 0 corresponds to the equidistant position of the plate vis-à-vis the two electromagnets.
  • FIG. 3b are represented the currents i b and i h (ordinate axis 304, in amperes) supplying, respectively, the low electromagnet and the high electromagnet of the actuator considered, while in FIG. 3c the speed v (ordinate axis 306, in m / s) of the magnetic plate.
  • the maintenance of the plate in the low position is obtained by means of a current i b of maintenance of a value of the order of 3.5 amps.
  • an increasing current i h supplies the high electromagnet so as to attract the plate and keep it stabilized in contact with the high electromagnet.
  • the value of holding current used in the high solenoid can differ from the value of the holding current used in the low electromagnet, especially when the electromagnets are distinct.
  • the two currents of maintenance are zero so that no consumption is only required to maintain a valve.
  • valve switches according to a long delay as shown using FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b and 4c, are called slowed-over commutations.
  • FIG. 5a is shown the position x of the valve control plate, previously used for describe slower switching. However, in this figure 5a, this valve is controlled by switching accelerated, switching time being reduced compared to long delay previously used.
  • This action allows the board to reach more quickly higher switching speed compared to the slowed-down switching described using FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c.
  • the reverse magnetic field generated by the electromagnet has a defined intensity and duration.
  • variations in the switching times can be obtained by changing one or several parameters, such as amplitude or durations application, the supply current of a coil.
  • an electromagnet 700 (Figure 7) whose support 702, E-shaped, is provided with a magnet 704 at the end of one of its branches, in this example the central branch.
  • the magnet 704 being in facing relation to the plate 706 that it controls, the leaks are reduced and the action of the magnet on the plate 706 is increased.
  • the field of the magnet of the order of 1.2 tesla for a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, is weaker than the field necessary to saturate the tray 706 consisting of ferromagnetic material.
  • the invention is susceptible of numerous variants. So, when the plate is located between two electromagnets, these two electromagnets can include means for change the switchover time such as previously described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The activator has a polarized electromagnet (700) and a mobile magnetic plate (706) switching between a position adjoining the electromagnet and a position distant from the electromagnet. A magnet and a coil (708) switches the plate between the positions following a delay controlled by a current variation flowing within the coil of the electromagnet and determined based on an operation state of an internal combustion engine. An independent claim is also included for an internal combustion engine.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromécanique de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne et à un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to an actuator electromechanical valve for internal combustion engine and to an internal combustion engine fitted with such an actuator.

Un actionneur 100 électromécanique (figure 1) de soupape 110 comporte des moyens mécaniques, tels que des ressorts 102 et 104, et des moyens électromagnétiques, tels que des électroaimants 106 et 108, pour commander la position de la soupape 110 au moyen de signaux électriques.An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of valve 110 includes mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means, such as electromagnets 106 and 108, to control the position of the valve 110 by means of electrical signals.

A cet effet la queue de la soupape 110 est appliquée contre la tige 112 d'un plateau magnétique 114 situé entre les deux électroaimants 106 et 108.For this purpose the tail of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a magnetic plate 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 109 de l'électroaimant 108, ce dernier est activé et génère une action ou force magnétique qui attire le plateau magnétique 114 et maintient ce dernier à son contact.When a current flows in the coil 109 of electromagnet 108, the latter is activated and generates an action or magnetic force which attracts the magnetic plate 114 and keeps the latter in contact.

Le déplacement simultané de la tige 112 permet alors au ressort 102 de placer la soupape 110 en position fermée, la tête de la soupape 110 venant contre son siège 111 et empêchant les échanges de gaz entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du cylindre 117. The simultaneous displacement of the rod 112 then allows spring 102 to place the valve 110 in the closed position, the valve head 110 coming against its seat 111 and preventing gas exchanges between the inside and outside of the cylinder 117.

De façon analogue (non représentée), lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 107 de l'électroaimant 106, l'électroaimant 108 étant désactivé, ce dernier est activé et attire le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact et déplace la tige 112, à l'aide du ressort 104, de telle sorte que cette tige 112 agit sur la soupape 110 et place cette dernière en position ouverte, la tête de la soupape étant éloignée de son siège 111 pour permettre, par exemple, une admission ou une injection de gaz dans le cylindre 117.Similarly (not shown), when a current circulates in the coil 107 of the electromagnet 106, the electromagnet 108 being deactivated, the latter is activated and attracts the plate 114 which comes into contact with it and moves the rod 112, using the spring 104, so that this rod 112 acts on valve 110 and places the latter in position open, the valve head being far from its seat 111 to allow, for example, an admission or an injection of gas in cylinder 117.

Lorsque l'actionneur électromécanique 100 fonctionne correctement, la soupape 110 alterne des positions ouvertes ou fermées fixes, dites commutées, avec des déplacements transitoires entre ces deux positions. Par la suite, on dénommera « état commuté » l'état d'une soupape ouverte ou fermée.When the electromechanical actuator 100 is operating correctly, the valve 110 alternates open positions or closed fixed, called switched, with displacements transients between these two positions. Then we will denote "switched state" the state of an open valve or closed.

Les ressorts 102 et 104 forment, avec les éléments mobiles de l'actionneur 100, un dispositif oscillant caractérisé par un délai de commutation de la soupape.The springs 102 and 104 form, with the elements actuator 100, a oscillating device characterized by a valve switching delay.

Etant donné les raideurs k102 et k104 élevées des ressorts 102 et 104 et la masse m importante des éléments en déplacement (plateau 114, tige 112 et soupape 110), le délai de commutation est essentiellement fonction de ces raideurs k102 et k104 et de cette masse m. En considérant que les raideurs k102 et k104 sont égales à k, le délai Δtc de commutation est sensiblement fixé par la racine carrée du rapport k/m.Given the high stiffnesses k 102 and k 104 of the springs 102 and 104 and the large mass m of the moving elements (plate 114, rod 112 and valve 110), the switching delay is essentially a function of these stiffnesses k 102 and k 104 and of this mass m. Considering that the stiffnesses k 102 and k 104 are equal to k, the switching delay Δt c is substantially fixed by the square root of the ratio k / m.

En d'autres termes, le délai de commutation est peu sensible aux variations du courant circulant dans les bobines 107 et 106 des électroaimants.In other words, the switching delay is short sensitive to variations in the current flowing in the coils 107 and 106 of the electromagnets.

Par ailleurs, l'actionneur 100 peut être muni d'aimants 118 (électroaimant 108) et 116 (électroaimant 106) destinés à réduire l'énergie nécessaire au maintien du plateau 114 dans une position commutée. Furthermore, the actuator 100 can be provided of magnets 118 (electromagnet 108) and 116 (electromagnet 106) intended to reduce the energy required to maintain the platform 114 in a switched position.

Par la suite, on dénomme électroaimant polarisé un tel électroaimant 106 ou 108 à aimant.Subsequently, such a polarized electromagnet is called electromagnet 106 or 108 with magnet.

La présente invention résulte de la constatation que le délai de commutation optimal pour une soupape varie selon le fonctionnement du moteur.The present invention results from the observation that the optimal switching time for a valve varies depending on the engine operation.

Par exemple, dans le cas d'un moteur fonctionnant au ralenti, un délai de commutation élevé, utilisant une vitesse de commutation réduite obtenue au moyen de ressorts de faible raideur, réduirait les bruits d'impact du plateau contre l'électroaimant et l'usure de ces derniers. De fait, une telle diminution du bruit serait particulièrement avantageuse pour l'utilisateur d'un véhicule au ralenti puisque le bruit de fonctionnement du moteur est fortement perceptible lorsque le véhicule est à l'arrêt.For example, in the case of an engine operating at idle, high switching delay, using a speed of reduced switching obtained by means of weak springs stiffness, would reduce the impact noise of the plate against the electromagnet and the wear of these. In fact, such noise reduction would be particularly beneficial for the user of a vehicle idling since the noise of engine operation is highly noticeable when the vehicle is stationary.

Inversement, au fur et à mesure que le régime du moteur augmente, il conviendrait de réduire le délai de commutation.Conversely, as the regime of engine increases, the delay should be reduced switching.

La présente invention résulte aussi de la constatation que l'utilisation d'un actionneur polarisé permet de contrôler un plateau magnétique avec une sensibilité accrue par rapport à un actionneur non polarisé, comme montré ci-dessus à l'aide de la figure 2.The present invention also results from the observation that the use of a polarized actuator makes it possible to control a magnetic plate with increased sensitivity compared to a non-polarized actuator, as shown above using Figure 2.

Sur cette figure 2 sont représentées les forces F (axe des ordonnées 200, en Newton) exercées sur un plateau magnétique par un électroaimant polarisé désactivé (courbe 202) ou activé (courbe 204) et par un électroaimant non polarisé (courbe 206) en fonction de l'entrefer e (axe des abscisses 208, en mm) séparant chaque électroaimant du plateau qu'il commande.In this figure 2 are represented the forces F (axis ordinates 200, in Newton) exerted on a magnetic plate by a polarized electromagnet deactivated (curve 202) or activated (curve 204) and by a non-polarized electromagnet (curve 206) as a function of the air gap e (abscissa axis 208, in mm) separating each electromagnet from the plate it controls.

On observe que la force F exercée par l'électroaimant non polarisé actif, c'est-à-dire alimenté par un courant (courbe 206) décroít rapidement en fonction de l'entrefer de telle sorte qu'à un entrefer de l'ordre de 2 mm cet effort est relativement faible.We observe that the force F exerted by the electromagnet non-polarized active, i.e. powered by a current (curve 206) decreases rapidly depending on the air gap so that that at an air gap of the order of 2 mm this effort is relatively low.

A cet effet, il convient de rappeler que la force F exercée par un actionneur non polarisé est doublement non linéaire, à savoir proportionnelle au carré de l'intensité du courant alimentant l'électroaimant et inversement proportionnelle au carré de l'entrefer.To this end, it should be recalled that the force F exercised by a non-polarized actuator is doubly non linear, i.e. proportional to the square of the intensity of current supplying the electromagnet and vice versa proportional to the square of the air gap.

Inversement, dans le cas d'un électroaimant polarisé actif (courbe 204), la force exercée par cet actionneur décroít moins rapidement en fonction de l'entrefer de telle sorte que l'électroaimant agit encore sur le plateau avec un entrefer de l'ordre de 3 mm.Conversely, in the case of a polarized electromagnet active (curve 204), the force exerted by this actuator decreases slower depending on the air gap so that the electromagnet still acts on the plate with an air gap of around 3 mm.

On remarque aussi que la variation de la force exercée par l'électroaimant polarisé, en fonction de l'entrefer, est plus linéaire que la variation de la force exercée par l'électroaimant non polarisé.We also note that the variation of the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet, depending on the air gap, is more linear than the variation of the force exerted by the non-polarized electromagnet.

De plus, la réduction de la force exercée par l'électroaimant polarisé, pour un entrefer faible, diminue l'intensité de l'accélération subie par le plateau et donc sa vitesse d'impact contre le plateau, réduisant par conséquent le bruit généré par ce dernier.In addition, the reduction in the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet, for a weak air gap, decreases the intensity of the acceleration undergone by the plateau and therefore its impact speed against the plate, thereby reducing the noise generated by the latter.

Aussi, le contrôle de la force exercée sur le plateau est plus aisé avec un actionneur polarisé qu'avec un actionneur non polarisé.Also, the control of the force exerted on the plate is easier with a polarized actuator than with an actuator not polarized.

Finalement, on observe qu'un électroaimant polarisé exerce une force sur un plateau (courbe 202) proche bien qu'il soit désactivé tandis qu'un électroaimant non polarisé n'exerce pas d'action en l'absence de courant d'alimentation.Finally, we observe that a polarized electromagnet exerts a force on a nearby plateau (curve 202) although it be deactivated while a non-polarized electromagnet is not no action in the absence of supply current.

C'est pourquoi, la présente invention concerne un actionneur électromécanique de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne muni d'un électroaimant polarisé et d'un plateau magnétique mobile commutant entre une première position voisine de l'électroaimant et une deuxième position distante de l'électroaimant, les délais de commutation entre ces positions étant déterminés selon l'état de fonctionnement du moteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour alimenter l'électroaimant avec un courant d'attraction variable au cours de l'approche du plateau vers l'électroaimant.Therefore, the present invention relates to a electromechanical valve actuator for combustion engine internal with polarized electromagnet and plate movable magnetic switching between a first neighboring position of the electromagnet and a second position distant from the electromagnet, the switching times between these positions being determined according to the operating state of the engine, characterized in that it comprises means for supplying the electromagnet with a variable attraction current during from the plateau approach to the electromagnet.

Grâce à l'invention, le délai de commutation d'une soupape est modifié et adapté aux conditions de fonctionnement du moteur en contrôlant le courant d'attraction de l'électroaimant. Par exemple, lorsque le moteur est au ralenti, on augmente le temps de commutation pour diminuer la vitesse d'impact du plateau magnétique et, par conséquent, le bruit de fonctionnement du moteur.Thanks to the invention, the switching delay of a valve is modified and adapted to operating conditions of the motor by controlling the attraction current of the electromagnet. For example, when the engine is idling, the switching time is increased to decrease the speed impact of the magnetic plate and, consequently, the noise of engine operation.

Par ailleurs, ce mode de fonctionnement peut être mis en oeuvre grâce à la sensibilité et à la portée accrues de commande d'une actionneur polarisé, comme détaillé précédemment.In addition, this operating mode can be set implemented thanks to the increased sensitivity and reach of control of a polarized actuator, as detailed above.

En effet, cette sensibilité et cette portée accrues permettent à l'électroaimant de capter le plateau à une distance relativement importante puis de modifier son action au fur et à mesure que le plateau se rapproche et que l'action de l'aimant intervient.Indeed, this increased sensitivity and reach allow the electromagnet to pick up the plate at a distance relatively large then to modify its action as and as the plate approaches and the action of the magnet intervenes.

Dans une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour diminuer le courant d'attraction au fur et à mesure de l'approche du plateau, ce qui permet de diminuer la consommation de l'actionneur.In one embodiment, the actuator comprises means to decrease the current of attraction as approaching the plateau, which reduces consumption of the actuator.

Dans une réalisation, le moteur comprend des moyens pour inverser le sens du courant alimentant l'électroaimant lorsque le plateau commute vers la seconde position.In one embodiment, the motor comprises means to reverse the direction of the current supplying the electromagnet when the platter switches to the second position.

Selon une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour commander un courant générant un champ magnétique d'intensité inférieur ou égal au champ magnétique généré par un aimant de l'électroaimant lorsque le courant est inversé.According to one embodiment, the actuator comprises means for controlling a current generating a magnetic field intensity less than or equal to the magnetic field generated by a magnet of the electromagnet when the current is reversed.

Dans une réalisation telle que le plateau vient au voisinage d'un second électroaimant dans sa seconde position, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour commander simultanément des alimentations en courant pour chaque électroaimant.In an embodiment such that the plate comes to neighborhood of a second electromagnet in its second position, the actuator comprises means for simultaneously controlling power supplies for each electromagnet.

Selon une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend un électroaimant muni d'un support en forme de E, un aimant étant situé à l'extrémité d'une des branches du support en vis-à-vis par rapport au plateau.According to one embodiment, the actuator comprises a electromagnet with an E-shaped support, one magnet being located at the end of one of the branches of the support opposite relative to the plateau.

Selon une réalisation, les variations du courant sont relatives à une amplitude et/ou à une durée d'alimentation.According to one embodiment, the variations of the current are relating to an amplitude and / or a supply duration.

Dans une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour considérer le régime du moteur comme un paramètre de l'état de fonctionnement de ce moteur.In one embodiment, the actuator comprises means to consider engine speed as a state parameter of this engine.

La présente invention se rapport ainsi à un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un actionneur comprenant un électroaimant polarisé et un plateau magnétique commutant entre une première position voisine de l'électroaimant et une seconde position. Un tel moteur est caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur est conforme à l'une des réalisations précédemment décrites.The present invention thus relates to a motor with internal combustion fitted with an actuator comprising a polarized electromagnet and a magnetic plate switching between a first position close to the electromagnet and a second position. Such a motor is characterized in that the actuator conforms to one of the embodiments previously described.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront avec la description effectuée ci-dessous, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, d'une réalisation de l'invention en référence aux figures ci-jointes sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, représente un actionneur polarisé connu,
  • la figure 2, déjà décrite, représente les actions exercées par des électroaimants sur un plateau en fonction de l'entrefer existant entre ce plateau et ces électroaimants,
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b et 4c représentent des mesures de commutations de soupape suivant un premier délai de commutation d'un actionneur conforme à l'invention,
  • les figures 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b et 6c représentent des mesures de commutations de soupape suivant un deuxième délai de commutation de l'actionneur conforme à l'invention, et
  • la figure 7 représente l'électroaimant utilisé pour effectuer les mesures des figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b et 6c.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear with the description given below, by way of nonlimiting example, of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached figures in which:
  • FIG. 1, already described, represents a known polarized actuator,
  • FIG. 2, already described, represents the actions exerted by electromagnets on a plate as a function of the air gap existing between this plate and these electromagnets,
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b and 4c show valve switching measurements according to a first switching delay of an actuator according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b and 6c show valve switching measurements according to a second actuator switching delay according to the invention, and
  • Figure 7 shows the electromagnet used to perform the measurements of Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b and 6c.

Sur la figure 3a est représentée la position x (axe des ordonnées 300, en mm) d'un plateau magnétique situé entre un électroaimant haut et un électroaimant bas à aimants. La position x = 0 correspond à la position équidistante du plateau vis-à-vis des deux électroaimants.In Figure 3a is shown the position x (axis ordinates 300, in mm) of a magnetic plate located between a high electromagnet and a low magnet electromagnet. The position x = 0 corresponds to the equidistant position of the plate vis-à-vis the two electromagnets.

Cette position est représentée en fonction du temps t (axe des abscisses 302, en ms) mesuré à partir d'une commande de commutation (t = 0).This position is represented as a function of time t (abscissa axis 302, in ms) measured from a command switching (t = 0).

Sur la figure 3b sont représentés les courants ib et ih (axe des ordonnées 304, en Ampères) alimentant, respectivement, l'électroaimant bas et l'électroaimant haut de l'actionneur considéré, tandis que sur la figure 3c est représentée la vitesse v (axe des ordonnées 306, en m/s) du plateau magnétique.In FIG. 3b are represented the currents i b and i h (ordinate axis 304, in amperes) supplying, respectively, the low electromagnet and the high electromagnet of the actuator considered, while in FIG. 3c the speed v (ordinate axis 306, in m / s) of the magnetic plate.

On observe que la commutation d'une position basse xb (figure 4a) à une position haute xh du plateau, correspondant à une ouverture de la soupape, nécessite une variation des courants ib et ih.It is observed that switching from a low position x b (FIG. 4a) to a high position x h of the plate, corresponding to an opening of the valve, requires a variation of the currents i b and i h .

De fait, dans un premier temps, le maintien du plateau dans la position basse est obtenu au moyen d'un courant ib de maintien d'une valeur de l'ordre de 3,5 ampères.In fact, initially, the maintenance of the plate in the low position is obtained by means of a current i b of maintenance of a value of the order of 3.5 amps.

Puis, le déplacement du plateau vers sa position haute est obtenu par une annulation de ce courant ib (instant t1), le plateau se déplaçant alors vers sa position haute sous l'effet des ressorts de l'actionneur électromécanique (x croissant).Then, the displacement of the plate towards its high position is obtained by a cancellation of this current i b (instant t 1 ), the plate then moving towards its high position under the effect of the springs of the electromechanical actuator (x increasing) .

Lors de son passage par la position équidistante entre les deux électroaimants (x = 0, instant t2), la vitesse v du plateau est proche de son maximum puis diminue au fur et à mesure que le plateau se rapproche de l'électroaimant haut.When passing through the equidistant position between the two electromagnets (x = 0, instant t 2 ), the speed v of the plate is close to its maximum and then decreases as the plate approaches the high electromagnet.

Lorsque le plateau est proche de l'électroaimant haut (instant t3), un courant ih croissant alimente l'électroaimant haut de façon à attirer le plateau et à le maintenir stabilisé au contact de l'électroaimant haut.When the plate is close to the high electromagnet (instant t 3 ), an increasing current i h supplies the high electromagnet so as to attract the plate and keep it stabilized in contact with the high electromagnet.

Lorsque la commutation de la soupape est effectuée (x = xh, v = 0, instant t4), le plateau est maintenu contre l'électroaimant haut par un courant ih de même intensité que le courant ib maintenant la plaquette contre l'électroaimant bas.When the valve switching is carried out (x = x h , v = 0, instant t 4 ), the plate is held against the high electromagnet by a current i h of the same intensity as the current i b holding the plate against l '' low solenoid.

Toutefois, selon d'autres variantes, la valeur du courant de maintien utilisé dans l'électroaimant haut peut différer de la valeur du courant de maintien utilisé dans l'électroaimant bas, notamment lorsque les électroaimants sont distincts.However, according to other variants, the value of holding current used in the high solenoid can differ from the value of the holding current used in the low electromagnet, especially when the electromagnets are distinct.

Suivant une autre variante, les deux courants de maintien sont nuls de telle sorte qu'aucune consommation électrique n'est requise pour maintenir une soupape.According to another variant, the two currents of maintenance are zero so that no consumption is only required to maintain a valve.

Sur les figures 4a, 4b et 4c est représentée le passage d'une position haute à une position basse du plateau suivant des délais de commutation du même ordre de grandeur que précédemment décrits, étant donné que le plateau effectue une commutation inverse.In Figures 4a, 4b and 4c is shown the passage from a high position to a low position of the platform following switching times of the same order of magnitude as previously described, since the stage performs a reverse switching.

Il convient de signaler que les délais de commutation varient en fonction du dimensionnement de l'actionneur, et notamment des masses en déplacement et de la raideur des ressorts.It should be noted that the switching times vary depending on the size of the actuator, and especially moving masses and the stiffness of springs.

Par ailleurs, une telle augmentation de la durée de commutation peut être accrue en utilisant des ressorts de faible raideur, par exemple lorsque la masse du plateau est aussi limitée. Furthermore, such an increase in the duration of switching can be increased by using low springs stiffness, for example when the mass of the plate is also limited.

En effet, l'utilisation de ressorts de faible raideur limite l'intensité de la force exercée par ces derniers sur le plateau, diminuant par conséquent la vitesse de déplacement du plateau et le délai de commutation.Indeed, the use of low stiffness springs limits the intensity of the force exerted by the latter on the plateau, consequently decreasing the speed of movement of the plateau and switching delay.

Par la suite, des commutations de soupape selon un délai long, telles que représentés à l'aide des figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b et 4c, sont dénommées commutations ralenties.Thereafter, valve switches according to a long delay, as shown using FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b and 4c, are called slowed-over commutations.

Sur la figure 5a est représentée la position x du plateau contrôlant la soupape, précédemment utilisée pour décrire une commutation ralentie. Toutefois, sur cette figure 5a, cette soupape est contrôlée suivant une commutation accélérée, le délai de commutation étant réduit par rapport au délai long précédemment utilisé.In Figure 5a is shown the position x of the valve control plate, previously used for describe slower switching. However, in this figure 5a, this valve is controlled by switching accelerated, switching time being reduced compared to long delay previously used.

Pour cela, lorsque le plateau est commuté d'une position basse à une position haute, le courant ib (figure 6b) circulant dans la bobine basse est inversé (instant t"1) et augmenté de façon à démagnétiser l'aimant pour accélérer la séparation du plateau de l'électroaimant bas en annulant, totalement ou partiellement, l'effort exercé par cet aimant sur le plateau.For this, when the plate is switched from a low position to a high position, the current i b (figure 6b) flowing in the low coil is reversed (instant t " 1 ) and increased so as to demagnetize the magnet to accelerate the separation of the plate from the low electromagnet by canceling, totally or partially, the force exerted by this magnet on the plate.

En d'autres termes, en générant un champ magnétique inverse au champ de l'aimant, on peut diminuer ou annuler l'attraction exercée par l'électroaimant sur le plateau.In other words, by generating a magnetic field opposite to the magnet field, we can decrease or cancel the attraction exerted by the electromagnet on the plate.

Cette action permet au plateau d'atteindre plus rapidement une vitesse plus élevée de commutation par rapport à la commutation ralentie décrite à l'aide des figures 3a, 3b et 3c.This action allows the board to reach more quickly higher switching speed compared to the slowed-down switching described using FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c.

Sur les figures 6a, 6b et 6c est représentée une commutation accélérée d'une position haute à une position basse.In Figures 6a, 6b and 6c is shown a accelerated switching from a high position to a low position.

Ainsi, pour déplacer le plateau d'une position haute xh à une position basse xb, comme représenté à la figure 6a, on inverse le sens du courant ih (figure 6b) circulant dans l'électroaimant haut de façon à démagnétiser l'aimant et à accélérer la séparation du plateau vis-à-vis de l'électroaimant haut. Thus, to move the plate from a high position x h to a low position x b , as shown in FIG. 6a, the direction of the current i h (FIG. 6b) flowing in the high electromagnet is reversed so as to demagnetize l magnet and accelerate the separation of the plate from the high electromagnet.

De fait, la vitesse maximale atteinte par le plateau (vmax, figure 6c) est supérieure à la situation équivalente décrite à la figure 4c.In fact, the maximum speed reached by the plate (v max , figure 6c) is higher than the equivalent situation described in figure 4c.

Il convient de signaler que, en fonction du délai de commutation désiré, le champ magnétique inverse généré par l'électroaimant est d'une intensité et d'une durée définies.It should be noted that, depending on the deadline for desired switching, the reverse magnetic field generated by the electromagnet has a defined intensity and duration.

De fait, plus l'intensité de ce champ est élevée, et plus le champ magnétique de l'aimant est réduit.In fact, the higher the intensity of this field, and the smaller the magnetic field of the magnet.

Comme précédemment mentionné, les variations de temps de commutation peuvent être d'autant plus importantes que les ressorts sont de faible raideur.As previously mentioned, the time variations the more important the springs are of low stiffness.

Il convient aussi de signaler que les variations du temps de commutation peuvent être obtenues en modifiant un ou plusieurs paramètres, tels que l'amplitude ou les durées d'application, du courant d'alimentation d'une bobine.It should also be noted that variations in the switching times can be obtained by changing one or several parameters, such as amplitude or durations application, the supply current of a coil.

Pour cela, on peut utiliser un électroaimant 700 (figure 7) dont le support 702, en forme de E, est muni d'un aimant 704 à l'extrémité d'une de ses branches, dans cet exemple la branche centrale.For this, you can use an electromagnet 700 (Figure 7) whose support 702, E-shaped, is provided with a magnet 704 at the end of one of its branches, in this example the central branch.

L'aimant 704 étant en vis-à-vis par rapport au plateau 706 qu'il contrôle, les fuites sont réduites et l'action de l'aimant sur le plateau 706 est accru.The magnet 704 being in facing relation to the plate 706 that it controls, the leaks are reduced and the action of the magnet on the plate 706 is increased.

Par ailleurs, le champ de l'aimant, de l'ordre de 1,2 tesla pour un aimant néodyne-fer-bore, est plus faible que le champ nécessaire pour saturer le plateau 706 constitué d'un matériau ferromagnétique.In addition, the field of the magnet, of the order of 1.2 tesla for a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, is weaker than the field necessary to saturate the tray 706 consisting of ferromagnetic material.

Dès lors, on peut utiliser un plateau de section Sp inférieur à la section S du circuit magnétique, formé par les branches du support 702, jusqu'à ce qu'on atteigne le seuil de saturation du plateau.Therefore, one can use a plate of section Sp lower than section S of the magnetic circuit, formed by the branches of support 702, until the threshold of saturation of the plateau.

Dans cet exemple, on obtient alors une réduction de la section du plateau d'un coefficient 1,6, ce qui permet de réduire la masse du plateau et, par conséquent, la raideur des ressorts, augmentant ainsi le contrôle exercé sur la mobilité du plateau par le courant circulant dans la bobine 708 de l'électroaimant.In this example, we then obtain a reduction in the section of the plate with a coefficient 1.6, which allows reduce the mass of the plateau and, consequently, the stiffness of the springs, thereby increasing the control over the mobility of the plateau by the current flowing in the coil 708 of the electromagnet.

L'invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes. Ainsi, lorsque le plateau est situé entre deux électroaimants, ces deux électroaimants peuvent comprendre des moyens pour modifier le temps de commutation du plateau tels que précédemment décrits.The invention is susceptible of numerous variants. So, when the plate is located between two electromagnets, these two electromagnets can include means for change the switchover time such as previously described.

Claims (9)

Actionneur électromécanique de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne muni d'un électroaimant (700) polarisé et d'un plateau (706) magnétique mobile commutant entre une première position voisine de l'électroaimant (700) et une deuxième position distante de l'électroaimant (700), les délais de commutation entre ces positions étant déterminés selon l'état de fonctionnement du moteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (704, 708) pour alimenter l'électroaimant (700) avec un courant d'attraction variable au cours de l'approche du plateau (706) vers l'électroaimant (700).Electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine provided with a polarized electromagnet (700) and a movable magnetic plate (706) switching between a first position close to the electromagnet (700) and a second position distant from the electromagnet (700), the switching times between these positions being determined according to the operating state of the motor, characterized in that it comprises means (704, 708) for supplying the electromagnet (700) with an attraction current variable during the approach of the plate (706) towards the electromagnet (700). Actionneur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour diminuer le courant d'attraction au fur et à mesure de l'approche du plateau (706).Actuator according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises means for reducing the current of attraction as and when approaching the plate (706). Actionneur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour inverser le sens du courant (ib, ih) alimentant cet électroaimant (700) lorsque le plateau (706) commute vers la seconde position.Actuator according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it comprises means for reversing the direction of the current (i b , i h ) supplying this electromagnet (700) when the plate (706) switches to the second position. Actionneur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour commander un courant (ib, ih) générant un champ magnétique d'intensité inférieur ou égal au champ magnétique généré par un aimant (704) de l'électroaimant lorsque le courant est inversé.Actuator according to claim 3 characterized in that it comprises means for controlling a current (i b , i h ) generating a magnetic field of intensity less than or equal to the magnetic field generated by a magnet (704) of the electromagnet when the current is reversed. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le plateau (706) vient au voisinage d'un second électroaimant dans sa seconde position, il comprend des moyens pour commander simultanément des alimentations en courant pour chaque électroaimant.Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate (706) comes in the vicinity of a second electromagnet in its second position, it comprises means for simultaneously controlling current supplies for each electromagnet. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un électroaimant (700) muni d'un support en forme de E, un aimant (704) étant situé à l'extrémité d'une des branches du support en vis-à-vis par rapport au plateau (706). Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electromagnet (700) provided with an E-shaped support, a magnet (704) being situated at the end of one of the branches of the screw support opposite to the plate (706). Actionneur selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les variations du courant sont relatives à une amplitude et/ou à une durée d'alimentation.Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the variations in the current relate to an amplitude and / or to a supply duration. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour considérer le régime du moteur comme un paramètre de l'état de fonctionnement de ce moteur.Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for considering the engine speed as a parameter of the operating state of this engine. Moteur à combustion interne muni d'un actionneur comprenant un électroaimant polarisé et un plateau magnétique commutant entre une première position voisine de l'électroaimant et une seconde position, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur est conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 9.Internal combustion engine provided with an actuator comprising a polarized electromagnet and a magnetic plate switching between a first position close to the electromagnet and a second position, characterized in that the actuator conforms to one of claims 1 to 9 .
EP04300050A 2003-02-18 2004-01-27 Electromechanical valve actuator for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine having this electromechanical valve actuator Expired - Lifetime EP1450012B1 (en)

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FR0301953A FR2851292B1 (en) 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A ACTUATOR
FR0301953 2003-02-18

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ATE389098T1 (en) 2008-03-15
ES2299810T3 (en) 2008-06-01
FR2851292B1 (en) 2007-02-23
FR2851292A1 (en) 2004-08-20
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EP1450012B1 (en) 2008-03-12
JP4581421B2 (en) 2010-11-17

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