EP1441562A2 - Verfahren zur Frequenzumsetzung und Nutzung des Verfahrens in einem Hörgerät und einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Frequenzumsetzung und Nutzung des Verfahrens in einem Hörgerät und einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- EP1441562A2 EP1441562A2 EP04005270A EP04005270A EP1441562A2 EP 1441562 A2 EP1441562 A2 EP 1441562A2 EP 04005270 A EP04005270 A EP 04005270A EP 04005270 A EP04005270 A EP 04005270A EP 1441562 A2 EP1441562 A2 EP 1441562A2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/35—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using translation techniques
- H04R25/353—Frequency, e.g. frequency shift or compression
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0316—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation by changing the amplitude
- G10L21/0364—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation by changing the amplitude for improving intelligibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/06—Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids
- G10L2021/065—Aids for the handicapped in understanding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for frequency transposition in a hearing device or in a communication device, respectively, according to the pre-characterizing part of claim 1, to a use of the method for a binaural hearing device, to a device according to the pre-characterizing part of claim 15 as well as to a use of the device in a communication device or in a hearing device.
- frequency shifting The many techniques for frequency transposition reported previously can be subdivided into three broad types: frequency shifting, frequency compression, and reducing the playback speed of recorded audio signals while discarding portions of the signal in order to preserve the original duration.
- frequency-transposing hearing instruments available commercially are those manufactured by AVR Ltd., a company based in Israel and Minnesota, USA (see http://www.avrsono.com).
- An instrument produced previously by AVR known as the TranSonic, has been superseded recently by the ImpaCt and Logicom-20 devices. All of these frequency-transposition instruments are based on the selective reduction of the playback speed of recorded audio signals. This is achieved by first sampling the input sound signal at a particular rate, and then storing it in a memory. When the recorded signal is subsequently read out of the memory, the sampling rate is reduced when frequency-lowering is required. Because the sampling rate can be changed, it is possible to apply frequency lowering selectively.
- the reported algorithm multiplies each frequency bin by a constant factor (less than 1) to produce the desired output signal in the frequency domain.
- Data loss resulting from this compression of the spectrum is minimized by linear interpolation across frequencies.
- the output signal is then converted back into the time domain by means of an inverse FFT (IFFT).
- IFFT inverse FFT
- One disadvantage of this technique is that it is very inefficient computationally due to the large size of the FFT, and would consume too much electrical energy if implemented in a hearing device.
- propagation delay of signals processed by this algorithm would be unacceptably long for hearing device users, potentially resulting in some interference with their lip-reading ability.
- the compression capabilities i.e. the range of the compression ratio
- linear, compression scheme are limited due to the applied proportional, i.e. linear, compression scheme.
- a feature extraction and signal resynthesis procedure and system based on a vocoder have been described by Thomson CSF, Paris in EP-1 006 511. Information about pitch, voicing, energy, and spectral shape is extracted from the input signal. These features are modified (e.g. by compressing the formant frequencies in the frequency domain) and then used for synthesis of the output signal by means of a vocoder (i.e. a relatively efficient electronic or computational device or technique for synthesizing speech signals).
- a vocoder i.e. a relatively efficient electronic or computational device or technique for synthesizing speech signals.
- a very similar approach has also been described by Strong and Palmer in US-4 051 331. Their signal synthesis is also based on modified speech features. However, it synthesizes voiced components using tones, and unvoiced components using narrow-band noises. Thus, these techniques are spectrum-destroying rather than spectrum-preserving.
- a phase vocoder system for frequency transposition is described in a paper by H. J. McDermott and M. R. Dean ("Speech perception with steeply sloping hearing loss", British Journal of Audiology, vol. 34, pp. 353-361, December 2000).
- a non-real-time implementation is disclosed using a computer program. Digitally recorded speech signals were low pass filtered, down sampled and windowed, and then processed by a FFT. The phase values from successive FFTs were used to estimate a more precise frequency for each FFT bin, which was used to tune an oscillator corresponding to each FFT bin. Frequency lowering was achieved by multiplying the frequency estimates for each FFT-bin by a constant factor.
- a problem with each of the above feature-extraction and resynthesis processing schemes is that it is technically extremely difficult to obtain reliable estimates of speech features (such as fundamental frequency and voicing) in a wearable, real-time hearing instrument, especially in unfavorable listening conditions such as when noise or reverberation is present.
- EP-0 054 450 describes the transposition and amplification of two or three different bands of the frequency spectrum into lower-frequency bands within the audible range.
- the number of "image" bands equals the number of original bands.
- the frequency compression ratio can be different across bands, but is constant within each band.
- the image bands are arranged contiguously, and transposed to frequencies above 500 Hz. In order to free this part of the spectrum for the image bands, the amplification for frequencies between 500 and 1000 Hz decreases gradually with increasing frequency. Frequencies below 500 Hz in the original signal are amplified with a constant gain.
- the input signal is subjected to adaptive noise canceling before filtering into at least two pass-bands takes place. Frequency compression is then carried out in at least one frequency band.
- a frequency transposition to the spectrum of the acoustic signal to obtain a transposed spectrum, whereby the frequency transposition is being defined by a nonlinear frequency transposition function (i.e. the compression ratio is a function of the input frequency)
- a nonlinear frequency transposition function i.e. the compression ratio is a function of the input frequency
- harmonic relationships are not distorted in the lower frequency range, and at the same time, higher frequencies can be moved into a lower frequency range, namely to an audible frequency range of the hearing impaired person.
- the transposition scheme can be applied to the complete signal spectrum without the need for switching between non-transposition and transposition processing for different parts of the signal. Therefore, no artifacts due to switching are encountered when applying the present invention.
- frequency transposition is a potential means for providing profoundly hearing impaired patients with signals in their residual range.
- the process of frequency transposition is illustrated in Fig. 1, wherein the magnitude spectrum
- a frequency band FB is transposed by a frequency transposition function to obtain a transposed magnitude spectrum
- linear or proportional frequency transposition (as it is shown in Figs. 3 and 4 by the dashed line), or linear frequency transposition applied to only parts of the spectrum of a acoustic signal, are the only meaningful schemes since other processing methods of the state of the art distort the signal in such a manner that potential subjects reject the processing.
- the application of linear frequency transposition is however limited in that in order to preserve a reasonable intelligibility of the speech signal, the frequency span of the compressed signal should not be less that 60 to 70% of the original bandwidth.
- Nonlinear transposition schemes were not considered so far because the distortion of the harmonic relationships in lower frequencies has a detrimental effect on vowel recognition and is therefore totally unacceptable.
- Fig. 2 shows a simplified block diagram of a digital hearing device according to the present invention comprising a microphone 1, an analog-to-digital converter unit 2, a transformation unit 3, a signal processing unit 4, an inverse transformation unit 5, a digital-to-analog converter unit 5 and a loudspeaker 7, also called receiver.
- the invention is not only suitable for implementation in a digital hearing device but can also readily be implemented in an analog hearing device. In the latter case, the analog-to-digital converter unit 2 and the digital-to-analog converter unit 6 are not necessary.
- a so-called vocoder is used in which the output signal is synthesized by a bank of sine wave generators.
- a vocoder is used in which the output signal is synthesized by a bank of sine wave generators.
- an implementation of the invention is not only limited to conventional hearing devices, such as BTE-(behind the ear), CIC-(completely in the canal) or ITE-(in the ear) hearing devices.
- An implementation in implantable devices is also possible.
- a transducer is used instead of the loudspeaker 7 which transducer is either operationally connected to the signal processing unit 4, or to the inverse transformation unit 5, or to the digital-to-analog converter unit 6, and which transducer is made for directly transmitting acoustical information to the middle or inner ear of the patient.
- a direct stimulation of receptor in the inner ear is conceivable by using the output signal of the signal processing unit 4.
- the sampled acoustic signal s(n) is transformed into the frequency domain by an appropriate frequency transformation function in order to obtain the discrete spectrum S(m).
- a Fast Fourier Transformation is applied in the transformation unit 3.
- any other suitable transformation can be used, such as for example the Paley, Hadamard, Haar or the slant transformation.
- any other suitable transformation such as for example the Paley, Hadamard, Haar or the slant transformation.
- a frequency transposition is being applied to the spectrum S(m) in order to obtain a transposed spectrum S'(m), whereby the frequency transposition is defined by a nonlinear frequency transposition function.
- the frequency transposition function must be such that lower frequencies are transposed weakly and essentially linearly, while higher frequencies are transposed more strongly, either in a linear or nonlinear manner.
- harmonic relationships are not distorted in the lower frequency range, and, at the same time, higher frequencies can be moved to such low frequencies that they can fall into the audible range of profoundly hearing impaired person. Therefore and in one embodiment of the present invention, a piecewise linear frequency transposition function is applied, wherein at least the part of the frequency transposition function which is sensitive to distortion of harmonic relationship constitutes a linear section.
- Frequency compression parameters are a compression ratio of essentially 0.3 to 0.7, preferably of 0.5, above the cut-off frequency, and a cut-off frequency of 1.5 to 2.5 kHz, preferably of 2 kHz. Parameter adjustment is done based on sound quality and speech intelligibility requirements.
- the nonlinear frequency transposition function has a perception-based scale, such as the Bark, ERB or SPINC scale.
- Bark reference is made to E. Zwicker and H. Fastl in "Psychoacoustics - Facts and Models” (2nd edition, Springer, 1999)
- ERB reference is made to B. C. J. Moore and B. R. Glasberg in "Suggested formulae for calculating auditory-filter bandwidths and excitation patterns" (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 74, no. 3, pp.
- a nonlinear frequency transposition function such as for example Bark, ERB or SPINC
- a piecewise approximation This can be accomplished, for example, by first, second or higher order approximation.
- Figs. 3 and 4 show different frequency transposition functions and transposition ratios, wherein the horizontal axis represents the input frequency f and the vertical axis represents the corresponding output frequency f'.
- the graphs drawn by a dotted line represent different frequency transposition functions according to the present invention.
- the graphs drawn by solid and dashed lines are for comparison and show corresponding state of the art frequency transposition functions.
- the frequency transposition function is stored in a look-up table which is provided in the signal processing unit 4.
- the look-up table can be easily accessed by the signal processing unit 4.
- Fig. 5 shows a weighting matrix for 1:1 frequency compression (i.e. no frequency compression or frequency transposition, respectively). Its interpretation is as follows: input frequencies falling, for example, into bin 2, i.e. between 125 and 375 Hz, are represented within the output frequency bin 2 with frequencies between 125 and 375 Hz.
- the input bin is mapped with a weight of one to the output bin which has centre frequency closest to the calculated transposed frequency. For the above-mentioned example, this would be output bin 2 with centre frequency 250 Hz (167 is closer to 250 than 0).
- FIG. 6 Such a weighing matrix, where always the closest output bin is chosen, is shown in Fig. 6 in which input bin 1 is mapped to output bin 1, input bin 2 is mapped to output bin 1, input bin 3 is mapped to output bin 2, input bin 4 is mapped to output bin 2, input bin 5 is mapped to output bin 3, etc. It is clear that this method is very simple, but it leads to distortions in the output sound. The desired mapping from input to output frequencies cannot be achieved with sufficient resolution.
- the input frequency is mapped onto two neighboring output bins with a total weight of 1, where each bin is weighed according to the distance of its centre frequency to the desired output frequency.
- input bin 3 with centre frequency 500 Hz is mapped to an output frequency of 167 Hz which lies between output bins 1 and 2.
- FIG. 7 Such a weighing matrix is shown in Fig. 7.
- Input bin 1 is mapped onto output bin 1 only with weight 1.
- Input bin 2 is mapped onto output bin 1 with weight 0.9 and output bin 2 with weight 0.1 (i.e. 90% of the signal in input bin 1 is represented in output bin 1 and the remaining 10% in output bin 2).
- Input bin 3 is mapped onto output bin 2 with weight 0.6 and output bin 3 with weight 0.4 (i.e. 60% of the signal in input bin 3 is synthesized with the centre frequency of output bin 2, and the remaining 40% in output bin 3), etc.
- Small communication devices are, for example, of the type "hearing device” as they are marketed by the company Phonak AG.
- These hearing devices typically consist of a portable module containing a microphone in connection with an FM-(frequency modulation) transmitter that can be placed on a desk or lectern, and an FM receiver which is directly connected to the hearing device itself, usually via a so-called “audio shoe” as adapter.
- an FM-(frequency modulation) transmitter that can be placed on a desk or lectern
- an FM receiver which is directly connected to the hearing device itself, usually via a so-called “audio shoe” as adapter.
- Current FM systems have an audio bandwidth of 5 to 7 kHz.
- frequency compression is used to include information from higher audio frequencies within the same transmission bandwidth. For example, the information of all frequencies up to 10 kHz can be compressed into the available bandwidth by the transmission system.
- a further application of the present invention is directed to binaural hearing device systems since one is confronted with similar transmission problems. Besides the limited bandwidth further technical difficulties must be overcome, as for example the size and power consumption while aiming at a high transmission rate.
- US-2 810 787 describes a voiced/unvoiced band switching system. It takes advantage of the fact that the significant energy of voiced sounds occupies the lower portion of the frequency spectrum while the significant energy of unvoiced sounds almost exclusively lies in the high portion of the audible frequency spectrum. Therefore, a voiced-unvoiced detector determines if the instantaneous speech input comprises a voiced or unvoiced sound and based on this decision the available transmission band is allocated to the most relevant portion of the audio spectrum for the particular input sound.
- a major drawback of this band-switching scheme is that a frequency shift synchronizing signal must be transmitted to the receiver to enable it to correctly restore the original speech signal.
- the present invention uses a simple method of frequency compression or frequency transposition, respectively, for audio signals using frequency domain compression.
- the resulting time domain audio signal can be transmitted over a narrower band width than the original signal, whilst still preserving audio quality.
- the frequency compression adjustment can be described qualitatively as aiming to achieve maximum speech transmission for the available bandwidth, whereby this bandwidth is given by the bandwidth of the used communication system.
- Typical frequency compression parameters for a bandwidth of 6 kHz are a compression ratio of 0.5 and a cut-off frequency of 2 kHz.
- the available bandwidth is given by the bandwidth provided for information transmission by the communication device. Parameter adjustment is done based on sound quality and speech intelligibility requirements. With careful selection of the appropriate parameters and consideration of the application, de-compression at the receiving end may not be necessary.
- a frequency compression device can be built using a digital signal processor and included inside a mobile or a fixed line telephone handset.
- the frequency compression device receives an analog audio signal, digitizes and processes it as it has already been described along with Fig. 2. If the compression device is to be included in an existing telephone, the signal may be converted back to analog and fed into the normal processing path in the telephone.
- the frequency compressed signal which is available in digital form, may be the most suitable for a digital telephone. Many telephones may already contain enough spare signal processing capabilities in the associated signal processing unit to implement the efficient algorithm.
- the output signal of the microphone of the telephone is connected to a signal processing unit in which an appropriate window is applied to the sampled audio signal (sampling rate of 16kHz, for example) before a Fast Fourier Transformation with 32 points, for example, is applied.
- the resulting frequency spectrum is compressed by combining several high frequency bins into low frequency bins thus compressing more high frequency information into the 300 to 3300 Hz range than previously.
- the frequency compression is performed in the same manner as has been explained in connection with Figs. 5 to 8.
- the time domain signal is obtained by performing an inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (IFFT) on the compressed frequency domain signal.
- IFFT inverse Fast Fourier Transformation
- the time domain signal is generated by a bank of sine wave oscillators or phase vocoders.
- the amplitude and frequency control signals for each oscillator are derived from magnitude and phase change values of corresponding FFT bins. Depending on the requirement of the particular telephone, this signal may be converted back to analog, or simply passed on in digital form to the next stage in the telephone.
- the receiving telephone would not need any modifications or knowledge that frequency compression has been used by the sending or calling telephone.
- the listener would simply hear a frequency compressed signal.
- This particular implementation of the present invention allows the use of a frequency compression in any individual telephone, either by hardware/software modifications of an existing telephone, or to be built in to any new telephone. The users outgoing voice quality would be improved and any existing telephone could be used at the receiving end.
- the receiving telephone could have a decompression device (yet to be explained) which returns the compressed signal to near original state.
- this implementation requires both the receiving and transmitting telephones to be equipped with frequency compression devices, and also some modifications to the call setup protocol to signal that a compressed signal is being transmitted.
- the present invention is described in the context of the application to FM transmitters used in hearing devices and describes the de-compression process.
- the FM transmitter module performs frequency compression as described above, and the compressed signal with an audio bandwidth of 5 kHz is transmitted over the FM link.
- the hearing device which receives the compressed signal could use it directly, or perform de-compression to restore the signal to its original bandwidth.
- frequency compression be implemented with a bin combination that results in the best quality compressed audio signal. This could be implemented with a bin combination matrix similar to the one shown in Fig. 7, with a cut-off frequency at 2 kHz and compression ratio of 0.5.
- the bin combination matrix used to compress the signal needs to have a corresponding decompression matrix that provides good reconstruction of the original signal.
- the acoustic quality of the compressed signal which is transmitted is not important.
- an audio band 0 to 5 kHz corresponds to an equivalent of 10 FFT bins available for signal transmission (separated at 500Hz if we assume a typical sampling rate and FFT size).
- the input signal to be compressed may have a frequency range of 0 to 8 kHz corresponding to 16 FFT bins.
- the 16 bins must then be mapped onto 10 bins (or possibly less if a lower audio bandwidth must be obtained).
- the resulting time domain signal which need not have any acoustic resemblance to the original signal, is subsequently transmitted. Finally, the signal is reconstructed at the receiving end.
- the rules for bin combination for compression and decompression are outlined below by referring to a specific example:
- Figs. 9 and 10 show, in a graphical representation, a similar mapping of frequency bins for compression and decompression (i.e. expansion) as has already been described along with the weighting matrices of Figs. 5 to 8.
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- Otolaryngology (AREA)
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040005270 EP1441562B1 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-03-05 | Verfahren zur Frequenzumsetzung und Nutzung des Verfahrens in einem Hörgerät und einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03005047 | 2003-03-06 | ||
EP03005047A EP1333700A3 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Verfahren zur Frequenzunsetzung in einem Hörgerät und ein solches Hörgerät |
EP20040005270 EP1441562B1 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-03-05 | Verfahren zur Frequenzumsetzung und Nutzung des Verfahrens in einem Hörgerät und einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1441562A2 true EP1441562A2 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1441562A3 EP1441562A3 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
EP1441562B1 EP1441562B1 (de) | 2010-03-31 |
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Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03005047A Withdrawn EP1333700A3 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Verfahren zur Frequenzunsetzung in einem Hörgerät und ein solches Hörgerät |
EP20040005270 Expired - Lifetime EP1441562B1 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-03-05 | Verfahren zur Frequenzumsetzung und Nutzung des Verfahrens in einem Hörgerät und einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03005047A Withdrawn EP1333700A3 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Verfahren zur Frequenzunsetzung in einem Hörgerät und ein solches Hörgerät |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (2) | EP1333700A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE602004026233D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1441562T3 (de) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007045240A2 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-26 | Widex A/S | Equipment for programming a hearing aid and a hearing aid |
WO2007135198A2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2007-11-29 | Phonak Ag | Method for adjusting a hearing device with frequency transposition and corresponding arrangement |
EP1686566A3 (de) * | 2005-04-29 | 2009-05-13 | Phonak AG | Tonverarbeitung mit Frequenzumsetzung |
EP2337378A2 (de) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Verfahren zur Frequenztransposition bei einem Hörhilfegerät sowie Hörhilfegerät |
US8031892B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2011-10-04 | Widex A/S | Hearing aid with enhanced high frequency reproduction and method for processing an audio signal |
EP2375782A1 (de) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-12 | Oticon A/S | Verbesserungen in der Geräuschwahrnehmung mittels Frequenztransposition durch Verschiebung des Tonumfangs |
EP2506254A1 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-03 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Sprachverständlichkeit mit einem Hörhilfegerät sowie Hörhilfegerät |
EP2506602A2 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-03 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Hörhilfegerät sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hörhilfegeräts |
EP2506255A1 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-03 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Sprachverständlichkeit mit einem Hörhilfegerät sowie Hörhilfegerät |
US20140105435A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2014-04-17 | Phonak Ag | Method for operating a hearing device as well as a hearing device |
US8824668B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2014-09-02 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Communication system comprising a telephone and a listening device, and transmission method |
US8908892B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-12-09 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Method and device for frequency compression in a hearing aid |
US9179222B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2015-11-03 | Cochlear Limited | Signal processing for hearing prostheses |
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US11962980B2 (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2024-04-16 | Sonova Ag | Hearing evaluation systems and methods implementing a spectro-temporally modulated audio signal |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1441562A3 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
EP1441562B1 (de) | 2010-03-31 |
DE602004026233D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
EP1333700A3 (de) | 2003-09-17 |
DK1441562T3 (da) | 2010-07-19 |
EP1333700A2 (de) | 2003-08-06 |
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