EP1434935A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von flüssigkeiten mit hilfe von gasströmen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von flüssigkeiten mit hilfe von gasströmenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1434935A1 EP1434935A1 EP02777303A EP02777303A EP1434935A1 EP 1434935 A1 EP1434935 A1 EP 1434935A1 EP 02777303 A EP02777303 A EP 02777303A EP 02777303 A EP02777303 A EP 02777303A EP 1434935 A1 EP1434935 A1 EP 1434935A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel
- liquid
- laval nozzle
- gas flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M67/00—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type
- F02M67/10—Injectors peculiar thereto, e.g. valve less type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for atomizing liquids with the aid of gas streams and the use of such a device.
- atomizing nozzles in the sand of technology with different assignments of the gas, mostly air flow to the liquids, mostly round jets but also hollow jets or films.
- a liquid jet is led from an outlet opening into an atomization chamber, the jet being broken up by supplying lateral gas streams and liquid particles of different sizes being formed.
- the particle size distribution is relatively wide.
- Internal combustion engines are an application for the atomization of liquids.
- the liquid fuel primarily gasoline
- carburettors which have performed this task satisfactorily in many different designs over decades, but the fuel is injected into the intake manifold through a wide variety of designs injected and supplied to the cylinders with the intake air, or it is injected directly into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. This has to do with both the better use of the fuel, the adaptation to the required performance and the reduction of pollutants in the exhaust gas.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for atomizing liquids with the aid of gas streams, by means of which the liquid can be obtained in fine droplets in a narrow and / or controlled distribution.
- a liquid jet emerging from an opening preferably of a round cross section, is accelerated to a smaller diameter by means of a preferably concentrically acting gas flow by means of shear forces until it bursts.
- This special principle now also known as the Nanoval process, has proven to be advantageous in the atomization of molten metals (DE 33 11 343), since fine particles are formed in a narrow distribution and result in a good spherical form as a powder.
- the atomization according to the invention is essentially determined by the mass flows of the two media gas and liquid and the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid.
- the mixture formation is improved, the efficiency of atomizing heating oils in burners is increased and the harmfulness of the exhaust gases is reduced, in atomizing nozzles for paints, additives, humidifications - here through the laminar type of atomization - low noise - and also the advantage of finer particles used in a narrow distribution.
- the fuel there is better use of the fuel, an adaptation to the required performance and also a reduction in the pollutants in the exhaust gas.
- the distribution of the droplet size does not vary so much, in particular droplets that are too large are not produced unless it is desired, as is sometimes the case in diesel engines, to have different ranges when filling the combustion chamber, and the entire combustion chamber is filled uniformly by the mixture.
- the narrowest cross-section of the Laval nozzle at the critical pressure ratio which is 1.89 in air, produces the speed of sound and, if it increases further, the supersonic speed is then generated in the gas.
- the pressure behind the Laval nozzle is higher or lower than the flow pattern according to its contour, that is, it is not adjusted, then at supersonic speed there will be a compression shock behind the Laval nozzle or further expansion. This can be repeated, so that fronts follow expansion compartments until the pressure on that of the adjoining room, e.g. a mixture formation chamber, an intake manifold or directly a combustion chamber.
- Meyer flow can be used, after which a supersonic flow at one corner expands into the next room, namely in a strong expansion up to over 90 ° to the original flow direction.
- the prerequisite is a supersonic flow beforehand and a further expansion possibility through a lower pressure after the corner.
- the invention makes use of the possibility of the sudden expansion of a supersonic jet. Due to the thinning and shock waves, the mixing of
- Liquid e.g. fuel and air can be improved the.
- the device and the method according to the invention are designed in such a way that laminar flow is present in both media, gas and liquid, until they burst.
- the accelerated gas flow according to the invention basically serves this purpose, while a decelerated flow, like when it is injected into still air, is subject to destabilization and turbulence is fanned.
- shock waves and thinning waves and then also turbulence only occur after the bursting in or after the passage of sound. But the droplets are already formed. Both, supersonic shock waves and turbulence, promote the mixing of the droplets formed in the laminar with the air, in the case of internal combustion engines the fuel droplets with the combustion air.
- the two-substance atomization device according to the invention can also be used to reduce the exhaust gas pollutants, detached from the combustion process, that is to say after it, as happens at partial load with exhaust gas recirculation or with separate preparation of the mixture, for example with urea.
- FIG. 1 a shows a device for atomizing fuel with a rotationally symmetrical fuel outlet in the center and air flow in the surrounding annular gap
- Fig. Lb the top view corresponding to Fig. La
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the lower part of Fig. La to illustrate the fluid mechanics of atomization
- Fig. 4 shows the test results of atomization with droplet sizes depending on
- the injection or atomization device has a housing 1 which comprises a first part 2 with a through-hole forming the liquid or fuel channel 4 and an annular space 10.
- the liquid or fuel channel 4 is connected to a liquid or fuel supply, not shown, while a distributor 9 connected to the annular space 10 is connected to a gas or air source, not shown.
- a lower part 3 of the housing is provided, in which a Laval nozzle 5 is formed open to an atomization chamber.
- the upper part 2 is inserted and centered in the lower part in such a way that an annular gap channel 6 is formed between them, which is connected to the annular space 10. Furthermore, the fuel channel 4 opens into a capillary 14, which in turn also ends somewhat below in the area of the narrowest cross section 12 of the Laval nozzle 5.
- the device according to FIGS. 1a and 1b is attached, for example, to an intake manifold of the engine or directly to the cylinder head or to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
- these are basically small dimensions.
- the flow cross section of the liquid channel 4 in the upper part is only in the millimeter range and the outlet 15 of the capillary 14, depending on the engine power or cylinder for which the mixture is produced, is in the tenths of a millimeter range, and the inside diameter is accordingly for the annular gap channel 6, which tapers to the lower region 11, only a few millimeters.
- the liquid fuel is introduced into the liquid channel 4 according to the arrow 7, while the air flows along the arrows 8 into the distributor piece 9 and from there is distributed in the annular space 10 and flows into the annular gap channel 6.
- the air speed increases continuously until it reaches the narrowest cross section 12 of the Laval nozzle 5. If the critical pressure ratio is exceeded, the speed of sound prevails here, but never again.
- the capillary 14 usually ends somewhat above the narrowest cross section of the Laval nozzle 5.
- the atomization is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.
- the liquid jet 16 of the fuel emerges from the outlet opening 15 of the liquid channel 4 or the capillary 14.
- the accelerated air flow coming from the annular gap space 6, which is indicated by the arrows, strikes him sideways. By appropriate pressure setting, this has a higher speed than the liquid jet 16 and warps it to smaller diameters due to shear stresses.
- the air flow in the Laval nozzle 5 accelerates due to the decreasing cross section in the flow direction and the narrowest cross section 12 leads to the speed of sound when the critical pressure ratio is reached or exceeded by the outlet pressure of the gas flow and the back pressure in the atomization chamber.
- the widening following the narrowest cross section 12 of the Laval nozzle 5 leads to supersonic if there is still sufficient pressure.
- the acceleration of the liquid jet consumes energy that comes from the air flow. While the pressure in the air flow decreases, that in the liquid jet 16 takes Surface tension in decreasing diameter and the liquid jet bursts into droplets 17 if the internal pressure outweighs the external pressure. The resulting mixture of air and fuel moves in a diverging volume of a "flag".
- the strong expansion described at a corner can be followed by an expansion of the Laval nozzle 5 after the narrowest cross section, also by withdrawing the contour, so that a corner or even a recess is formed which allows the liquid-gaseous medium to expand suddenly.
- a prerequisite is a supersonic flow.
- the mixture can spread rapidly as is generally desired.
- atomization can also be carried out from a slot, the Laval nozzle then also being designed as a slot.
- Several round liquid outlet nozzles arranged at a distance from one another can also be assigned to a slit-like Laval nozzle.
- the slit-like design of the outflow opening permits larger throughputs, but the distribution of the droplet sizes is broader because thicker drops form at the edges. As described, this may be desirable in some cases.
- FIG. 3 A further exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 3, this being the working cycle of a two-stroke engine.
- This is a measure in which the engine power can be increased for a given expenditure with the atomization by means of enveloping combustion air jets at high speeds.
- a cyclically controlled injection nozzle 20 according to the device according to the invention is used, which opens into a cylinder chamber 22.
- the cylinder also has an exhaust valve 21.
- FIG. 3a only air which initially supports the evacuation of the cylinder space 22 from fuel gases is flowed into the cylinder space through the injection nozzle 20. The exhaust gases and additional air from the nozzle 20 leave when the piston 23 is pushed upwards the valve 21 the cylinder chamber 22.
- Such a two-stroke engine would also be possible without a valve if the exhaust gas outlet is carried out via slots on the side of the cylinder in a known manner.
- the atomizing nozzle can also blow in diagonally from the bottom upwards and do more to clear the exhaust gas.
- Injection nozzle are used according to the inventive device, it must be designed for these pressures to meet the requirement for auto-ignition or an additional ignition must be done, for example by means of a spark plug.
- Figs. 4 and 5 show results in the atomization of water with air by means of the device according to the invention.
- the Sauter diameter d 3 , 2 serves as a measure of the droplet size, the droplets being spherical - which they are in a very good approximation when the liquid is not too tough and the surface tension is generally high.
- the entire nozzle had an outer diameter of 18 mm, a total height of 80 mm, the air supply duct 6 according to FIG.
- the diameter of the outlet 15 was between 0.6 and 1 mm.
- the Sauter diameter d 3 , 2 was measured by a Malvern device, the liquid was water and air was used as the atomizing gas.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10150931 | 2001-10-11 | ||
DE10150931A DE10150931A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2001-10-11 | Verbesserte Gemischbildung in Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
PCT/EP2002/011368 WO2003033900A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von flüssigkeiten mit hilfe von gasströmen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1434935A1 true EP1434935A1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
EP1434935B1 EP1434935B1 (de) | 2005-03-02 |
Family
ID=7702605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02777303A Expired - Lifetime EP1434935B1 (de) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von flüssigkeiten mit hilfe von gasströmen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050140031A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1434935B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE290160T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10150931A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003033900A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013022096A1 (de) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Nanoval Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum tiegelfreien Schmelzen eines Materials und zum Zerstäuben des geschmolzenen Materials zum Herstellen von Pulver |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2107303A1 (de) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | URSUT, Iosif | Verbrennungsverfahren mit vollständiger Steuerung aller gereinigten Kraftstoffe, die Jetair-Druckluft ausgesetzt werden |
DE102008051872A1 (de) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Albonair Gmbh | Zweistoffdüse |
CN103140294B (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2017-10-17 | 苏舍米克斯帕克有限公司 | 静态喷射混合器 |
US9157635B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 | 2015-10-13 | General Electric Company | Fuel distribution manifold |
WO2013124101A2 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Fuel stream generator, source collector apparatus and lithographic apparatus |
DE102015215522A1 (de) | 2015-08-14 | 2017-02-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine |
CN106337713A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-01-18 | 烟台盈德精密机械有限公司 | 一种双流体还原剂喷射器 |
CN106870219B (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-05-31 | 武汉维思艾克软件有限公司 | 燃料喷射装置以及方法 |
CN110414141B (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-11-04 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 可压流体跨音速流动过程中的液滴雾化三维数值模拟方法 |
WO2023077176A1 (de) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | Element 6 Gmbh | Ultraschall-zerstäuber |
CN114856767B (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-07-11 | 广西博盛迪科技有限公司 | 雾化结构及喷射器 |
Family Cites Families (21)
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US2134786A (en) * | 1936-10-27 | 1938-11-01 | Thomas L Cummings Of Harris Co | Motor |
FR1275463A (fr) * | 1960-09-28 | 1961-11-10 | Potasse & Engrais Chimiques | Perfectionnements à la granulation et au séchage de produits fluides |
FR2098483A5 (de) * | 1970-01-27 | 1972-03-10 | Cem Comp Electro Mec | |
US4808346A (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1989-02-28 | Strenger & Associates | Carbonated beverage dispensing apparatus and method |
DE2544559A1 (de) * | 1975-10-04 | 1977-04-07 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines reaktionsgemisches fuer die produktion von schaumstoff |
DE2634494C2 (de) * | 1976-07-31 | 1983-04-14 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Neue Injektoren zur Flüssigkeitsbegasung |
FR2377836A1 (fr) * | 1977-01-25 | 1978-08-18 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede et dispositif pour la mise en contact de produits sous forme de plusieurs phases et separation des produits du melange et application |
US4308138A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1981-12-29 | Woltman Robert B | Treating means for bodies of water |
DE3311343A1 (de) * | 1983-03-29 | 1984-10-04 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Metallpulver und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE3325741C1 (de) * | 1983-07-16 | 1985-02-21 | Lechler Gmbh & Co Kg, 7012 Fellbach | Zylindrischer Einsatz fuer eine Zweistoff-Zerstaeubungsduese |
GB8432338D0 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1985-02-06 | Sharp B L | Nebulisation of liquids & liquid suspensions |
US4699110A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1987-10-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel supply system |
DE3604715A1 (de) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-08-20 | Joseph Plannerer | Vergaser fuer verbrennungsmotoren sowie leerlaufeinbauteil hierfuer |
US4781164A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1988-11-01 | Orbital Engine Company Proprietary Limited | Fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines |
US4867918A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-09-19 | Union Carbide Corporation | Gas dispersion process and system |
DE4100086A1 (de) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-07-18 | Volkswagen Ag | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit stuetzluftzufuhr |
US5375771A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-12-27 | Jameel; Mohomed I. | Advanced sootblower nozzle design |
US6139755A (en) * | 1997-06-14 | 2000-10-31 | Marte; Walter | Oxidation method, nozzle system and sewage treatment plant |
RU2161394C2 (ru) * | 1999-03-15 | 2001-01-10 | Азимов Фархат Исмагилович | Протравливатель семян |
DE19961947A1 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Reduktionsmittel-Luftgemisches |
DE10009573B4 (de) * | 2000-02-29 | 2006-01-26 | Mabo Steuerungselemente Vertriebs-Gmbh | Düseneinrichtung, insbesondere angeordnet in sanitären Wasserbecken und Behältern |
-
2001
- 2001-10-11 DE DE10150931A patent/DE10150931A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-10-10 WO PCT/EP2002/011368 patent/WO2003033900A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-10 US US10/492,110 patent/US20050140031A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-10 DE DE50202398T patent/DE50202398D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-10 AT AT02777303T patent/ATE290160T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-10 EP EP02777303A patent/EP1434935B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03033900A1 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013022096A1 (de) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Nanoval Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum tiegelfreien Schmelzen eines Materials und zum Zerstäuben des geschmolzenen Materials zum Herstellen von Pulver |
DE102013022096B4 (de) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-10-29 | Nanoval Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum tiegelfreien Schmelzen eines Materials und zum Zerstäuben des geschmolzenen Materials zum Herstellen von Pulver |
US10946449B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2021-03-16 | Nanoval Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for melting a material without a crucible and for atomizing the melted material in order to produce powder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50202398D1 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
EP1434935B1 (de) | 2005-03-02 |
DE10150931A1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
ATE290160T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
US20050140031A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2003033900A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
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