EP1430208A1 - Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP1430208A1
EP1430208A1 EP02764515A EP02764515A EP1430208A1 EP 1430208 A1 EP1430208 A1 EP 1430208A1 EP 02764515 A EP02764515 A EP 02764515A EP 02764515 A EP02764515 A EP 02764515A EP 1430208 A1 EP1430208 A1 EP 1430208A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
control valve
actuator
voltage
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02764515A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1430208B1 (en
Inventor
Juergen Boss
Johannes-Joerg Rueger
Klaus Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1430208A1 publication Critical patent/EP1430208A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1430208B1 publication Critical patent/EP1430208B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/023Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive mechanical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366Valves being actuated electrically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46Valves
    • F02M59/466Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means
    • F02M59/468Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means using piezoelectric operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2055Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time

Definitions

  • the invention is based on one
  • Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fuel injection device is known from DE 198 35 494 AI.
  • This fuel injection device has a fuel injection valve, with an injection valve member through which at least one
  • the injection valve member is of the in a pressure chamber of the
  • Fuel injector prevailing pressure in an opening direction against a closing force is generated by a pump piston of a high-pressure fuel pump, which is driven by a cam in a lifting movement.
  • a control valve actuated by a piezoelectric actuator is provided, which is controlled by an electrical control device and through which a connection of the
  • the control valve has a control valve member, on which the actuator acts via a hydraulic coupler to move it between an open position and a closed position.
  • the control valve member When the control valve member is in its closed position, the pressure chamber is separated from the relief chamber and it can build up in this high pressure for fuel injection. The The time at which the control valve member reaches the closed position is therefore of great importance for the control of the fuel injection.
  • the coupler since the control valve member is separated from the actuator by the coupler, there is no information about this point in time.
  • the coupler must also be completely filled.
  • the fuel injection device with the features according to claim 1 has the advantage that the function of the control valve can be monitored.
  • a pressure builds up in the hydraulic coupler, which acts on the actuator even after the charging process has ended and, when the voltage supply is disconnected, acts on the actuator for the pressure conditions in the coupler and consequently also for converting the control voltage into the stroke of the
  • the voltage between the electrical connections on the piezoelectric actuator can thus be used as a measurement parameter for the valve behavior without the need for an additional sensor.
  • the measured voltage can be used in accordance with claim 2 to determine the time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member.
  • the course of the voltage can be monitored for the occurrence of a minimum in the course of the curve as indicated in claim 3.
  • the minimum occurring in the course of the voltage thus identifies the point in time at which the control valve member has reached its closed position.
  • the time derivative of the terminal voltage can also be formed and monitored for a zero crossing, as indicated in claim 4.
  • the zero crossing of the voltage signal derived in time also identifies the minimum in the time profile of the terminal voltage and thus the control valve member reaching the closed position.
  • a correction value for a control parameter of the control device is derived from the determined point in time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member.
  • a correction value can be provided for the control voltage of the actuator and / or for the control time and / or for the duration of the charging process.
  • the voltage can also be used to detect the
  • the test control provided in accordance with claim 8 enables a check of the function of the control valve before a fuel injection, wherein correction values can be determined which can be used in the subsequent fuel injection.
  • the time interval between the determination of the correction value and the activation of the control valve Fuel injection is therefore very low, so that fuel injection can take place with high accuracy.
  • Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a schematic representation and Figure 2 a
  • Fuel injection valve of the fuel injection device in an enlarged view.
  • Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine for example, a motor vehicle shown.
  • the fuel injection device has a high-pressure fuel pump 10 and a fuel injection valve 12 connected to it.
  • the high-pressure fuel pump 10 and the fuel injection valve 12 are connected directly to one another and form a so-called pump-nozzle unit.
  • the high-pressure fuel pump 10 is removed from the
  • Fuel injection valve 12 is arranged and connected to it via a line. There is a fuel injector with high pressure fuel pump 10 and for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine
  • Fuel injection valve 12 is provided.
  • the high-pressure fuel pump 10 has a pump body 14, in which a pump piston 18 is slidably guided in a cylinder bore 16 and delimits a pump working space 20 in the cylinder bore 16.
  • the pump piston 18 is driven by a camshaft of the internal combustion engine via a cam 22 against a return spring 24 in a lifting movement.
  • a rocker arm 26 can be arranged between the cam 22 and the pump piston 18 as a transmission element.
  • the cam 22 has a raised area 22a, via which the pump piston 18 is pressed against the force of the return spring 24 into the cylinder bore 16 up to an inner dead center, and a flatter area 22b, via which the pump piston 18 is released by the return spring 24 Cylinder bore 16 is pushed out to an outer dead center.
  • the pump piston 18 When the pump piston 18 moves into the cylinder bore 16, it executes a delivery stroke in which fuel is compressed in the pump working space 20. During the stroke movement of the pump piston 18 out of the cylinder bore 16, the latter carries out a suction stroke in which fuel is sucked into the pump working chamber 20.
  • the fuel injection valve 12 has a valve body 30, which can be constructed in several parts and in which an injection valve member 34 is guided in a bore 32.
  • the valve body 30 has at least one, preferably a plurality of injection openings 36 at its end region facing the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the valve body 30.
  • the injection valve member 34 has, for example, an approximately conical sealing surface 38 on its end region facing the combustion chamber, which cooperates with a valve seat 40 formed in the valve body 30 in its end region facing the combustion chamber, from or after which the injection openings 36 lead away.
  • annular space 42 is formed between the injection valve member 34 and the bore 32 toward the valve seat 40, which in its end region facing away from the valve seat 40 by radial expansion of the bore 32 into a pressure space 44 surrounding the injection valve member 34 transforms.
  • the injection valve member 34 has a pressure shoulder 46 at the level of the pressure chamber 44 due to a change in cross-section, via which the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 44 generates a force on the injection valve member 34 away from the valve seat 40.
  • a prestressed closing spring 48 engages, by means of which the injection valve member 34 is pressed toward the valve seat 40.
  • the closing spring 48 is arranged in a spring chamber 50 of a spring holder 30a which forms part of the valve body 30 and which adjoins the bore 32.
  • the pressure chamber 44 of the fuel injection valve 12 is connected via a channel 52 to the pump working chamber 20 of the high-pressure fuel pump 10. If the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 44 via the pressure shoulder 46 on the injection valve member 34 generates a greater force than the force generated by the closing spring 48, the injection valve member 34 lifts in the opening direction 35 with its sealing surface 38 from the valve seat 40 and gives the injection openings 36 free, through which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the injection valve member 34 moves against its opening direction 35 with its sealing surface 38 toward the valve seat 40 and closes when it contacts the system at the valve seat 40, the injection openings 36 so that no fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • an electrically controlled control valve 54 is provided, by means of which a connection between the pump work chamber 20 and a relief chamber is controlled.
  • the fuel reservoir 11 can serve as a relief space Motor vehicle or another area in which there is a low pressure.
  • the control valve 54 has a control valve member 56 which is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator 58 via a hydraulic coupler 57.
  • the actuator 58 is controlled by an electronic one
  • Control device 53 is supplied with an electrical voltage.
  • the actuator 58 has a number of piezo elements 59 connected in series.
  • the control valve 54 is arranged, for example, on the pump body 14.
  • the actuator 58 is on the one hand with a
  • Housing wall 60 through which electrical connections 61 of the actuator 58 are passed, and on the other hand non-positively connected to an actuating piston 62.
  • the actuating piston 62 closes off the hydraulic coupler 57 with its end face 63 facing away from the actuator 58.
  • the hydraulic coupler 57 in turn acts on an actuating piston 65 guided in a connecting channel 64, on the end of which is remote from the coupler 57, the control valve member 56 is arranged. It can be provided that the control valve member 56 cooperates with two valve seats which are formed in a valve chamber 66 in which the control valve member 56 is arranged.
  • control valve member 56 In a first end position, which corresponds to a de-energized rest position of the actuator 58, the control valve member 56 bears against a first valve seat 68 in the valve chamber 66. In a second end position, which corresponds to a maximum activation of the actuator 58 and is a closed position of the control valve member 56, the control valve member 56 bears against a second valve seat 70 in the valve chamber 66 and closes it. It can also be provided that the control valve 54 is designed as a double-switching valve, wherein the control valve member 56 is closed when it is in contact with one of the two valve seats 68, 70 and is only open in an intermediate position between the two valve seats 68, 70 is.
  • a connection 71 to the relief chamber opens into the valve chamber 66 between the two valve seats 68, 70. Via the second valve seat 70, the valve chamber 66 has a connection to the pump work chamber 20.
  • the control valve member 56 When the control valve member 56 is in its first end position in contact with the first valve seat 68, the connection of the valve chamber 66 to the pump work chamber 20 is opened via the second valve seat 70, so that the pump work chamber 20 is connected to the relief chamber and there is no high pressure in it can build up.
  • a throttle point 67 can be provided in the connection 71 of the valve chamber 66 to the relief chamber.
  • control valve member 56 When the control valve member 56 is in its second end position and thus its closed position in contact with the second valve seat 70, the connection of the valve chamber 66 to the pump work chamber 20 is closed via the second valve seat 70, so that the pump work chamber 20 is separated from the relief chamber and is in This high pressure can build up, corresponding to the delivery stroke of the pump piston 18.
  • the time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member 56 thus determines the start of fuel injection and the duration of the arrangement of the control valve member 56 in its closed position determines the amount of fuel that is injected.
  • the actuator 58 of the control valve 54 is controlled by the control device 53 as a function of operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, such as, for example, speed, load, temperature and others.
  • operating parameters of the internal combustion engine such as, for example, speed, load, temperature and others.
  • feedback about the start of the fuel injection is required, which is at least approximately at the same time as the time at which the control valve member 56 reaches the closed position.
  • a voltage measuring device 72 connected to the connections 61 of the actuator 58 for a predeterminable period of time of a measuring window, which voltage measuring device 72 can be part of the control device 53.
  • A can be connected to the voltage measuring device 72
  • Diagnostic device 74 may be connected.
  • the measurement data can be transmitted directly to the diagnostic device 74, for example as an analog voltage signal.
  • the voltage between the terminals 61 of the actuator 58 is thus monitored as a function of time.
  • the time derivative of the voltage between the connections 61 can first be provided.
  • the voltage signals are fed to a differentiating element 76 assigned to the voltage measuring device 72.
  • the differentiated signals formed there are then transmitted to the diagnostic device 74.
  • the time course of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 in the diagnostic device 74 is used to conclude that the control valve member 56 has reached the closed position.
  • the time profile of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 is dependent on the occurrence of a
  • Minimum curve occurring voltage thus identifies the point in time at which the control valve member 56 has reached its closed position. Based on the detection of the point in time at which the control valve 54 closes, correction values for control parameters of the
  • Control device 53 can be obtained, which can be used for a subsequent fuel injection and through which the accuracy of the fuel injection with respect to the time of the fuel injection and the fuel injection quantity can be improved.
  • Fuel injection with open control valve 54 is influenced or influenced only as little as possible.
  • Correction parameters can be obtained during the test activation of the control valve 54, which can already be used in the control of the subsequent fuel injection.
  • part of the medium in the hydraulic coupler 57 which is preferably fuel, is pressed out via leakage gaps.
  • the coupler 57 must be properly filled. Therefore, between two Injections provided a refill of the coupler 57 via a channel, not shown.
  • the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 can in turn be used to check whether the coupler 57 has actually been properly refilled. After the actuator 58 has been charged again, the voltage curve 72 monitors the time profile of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58.
  • the drop in the voltage also depends on the so-called transmission ratio in the coupler 57, i.e. the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the actuating piston 62 to the cross-sectional area of the actuating piston 65 and also on the ratio of the stroke of the control valve member 56 that can be generated to the change in length of the actuator 58 acting on the coupler 57.
  • the reduction in voltage also depends to a particularly pronounced extent on the degree of filling in the coupler 57. When the coupler 57 is full, a comparatively pronounced voltage drop of, for example, approximately 50 V can be detected. In contrast, this effect is significantly less when the coupler 57 is only partially filled, the voltage drop being, for example, only about 15 V.
  • the difference in voltage determined is greater than the limit value, a diagnosis is made that the coupler 57 is completely and correctly refilled and no further measure is initiated. However, if the determined difference in voltage is less than the limit value, the diagnosis is based on an incomplete and defective refilling of the coupler 57. In this case, a further comparison of the difference in voltages with a second limit value or minimum value is made. This comparison makes a distinction according to the effects of the error.
  • an essential fault is diagnosed, which, for example, results in the immediate shutdown of the internal combustion engine. If, on the other hand, the difference between the voltages is below the first but above the second limit value, a slight fault is diagnosed, which, although it permits further operation of the internal combustion engine, is stored in the data storage module 78 for later diagnostic purposes.
  • a setpoint for the control voltage of the actuator 58 is also specified, the setpoint being selected such that, despite the incomplete filling of the coupler 57, after actuation, the intended stroke of the control valve member 56 results.
  • the monitoring of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 explained above is preferably carried out during a test activation of the control valve 54 in a phase during which no fuel injection takes place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fuel injection device comprising a fuel injection valve (12) having at least an injection valve element (34) for controlling at least an injection opening (36). Said injection valve element (34) is actuated against a closing force in the opening direction (35) by pressure exerted in the pressure chamber (44) of the fuel injection valve (12). Said pressure exerted in the pressure chamber (44) is produced by a plunger piston (18) of a high-pressure fuel pump (10), driven in a lifting movement by a cam (22). The inventive device further comprises a control valve (54) actuated by a piezoelectric actuator (58), and controlled by an electrical control unit (53) for controlling at least indirectly a connection (71) of the pressure chamber (44) with the balancing chamber. When the control valve (54) is closed, the pressure chamber (44) is separated from the balancing chamber, said control valve (54) including a control valve element (56) coupled with the actuator (58) via a fluid coupling (57). The actuator (58) is connected to a corresponding voltage measuring unit (72) after a turbocharging phase, the voltage between the electric terminals (61) of the actuator (58) being controlled in such a way as to detect the operating condition of the control valve (54).

Description

Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine BrennkraftmaschineFuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einerThe invention is based on one
Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine solche Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist durch die DE 198 35 494 AI bekannt. Diese Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil auf, mit einem Einspritzventilglied, durch das wenigstens eineSuch a fuel injection device is known from DE 198 35 494 AI. This fuel injection device has a fuel injection valve, with an injection valve member through which at least one
Einspritzöffnung gesteuert wird. Das Einspritzventilglied ist von dem in einem Druckraum desInjection opening is controlled. The injection valve member is of the in a pressure chamber of the
Kraftstoffeinspritzventils herrschenden Druck in einer Öffnungsrichtung gegen eine Schließkraft beaufschlagt. Der im Druckraum herrschende Druck wird durch einen Pumpenkolben einer Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe erzeugt, der durch einen Nocken in einer Hubbewegung angetrieben wird. Es ist ein durch einen piezoelektrischen Aktor betätigtes Steuerventil vorgesehen, das durch eine elektrische Steuereinrichtung angesteuert wird und durch das eine Verbindung desFuel injector prevailing pressure in an opening direction against a closing force. The pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber is generated by a pump piston of a high-pressure fuel pump, which is driven by a cam in a lifting movement. A control valve actuated by a piezoelectric actuator is provided, which is controlled by an electrical control device and through which a connection of the
Druckraums mit einem Entlastungsraum gesteuert wird. Das Steuerventil weist ein Steuerventilglied auf, auf das der Aktor über einen hydraulischen Koppler wirkt, um dieses zwischen einer geöffneten Stellung und einer geschlossenen Stellung zu bewegen. Wenn das Steuerventilglied in seiner geschlossenen Stellung ist, so ist der Druckraum vom Entlastungsraum getrennt und es kann sich in diesem Hochdruck für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung aufbauen. Der Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds ist somit von großer Bedeutung für die Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung. Da das Steuerventilglied vom Aktor jedoch durch den Koppler getrennt ist, ist keine Information über diesen Zeitpunkt vorhanden. Darüberhinaus ist für eine ordnungsgemäße Funktion des Steuerventils auch eine vollständige Befüllung des Kopplers erforderlich.Pressure chamber is controlled with a relief room. The control valve has a control valve member, on which the actuator acts via a hydraulic coupler to move it between an open position and a closed position. When the control valve member is in its closed position, the pressure chamber is separated from the relief chamber and it can build up in this high pressure for fuel injection. The The time at which the control valve member reaches the closed position is therefore of great importance for the control of the fuel injection. However, since the control valve member is separated from the actuator by the coupler, there is no information about this point in time. In addition, for the control valve to function properly, the coupler must also be completely filled.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Funktion des Steuerventils überwacht werden kann. Während der Aufladephase des piezoelektrischen Aktors baut sich im hydraulischen Koppler ein Druck auf, der auch nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs auf den Aktor zurückwirkt und in diesem bei abgetrennter Spannungsversorgung eine für die Druckverhältnisse im Koppler und demzufolge auch für die Umsetzung der AnsteuerSpannung in den Hub desThe fuel injection device according to the invention with the features according to claim 1 has the advantage that the function of the control valve can be monitored. During the charging phase of the piezoelectric actuator, a pressure builds up in the hydraulic coupler, which acts on the actuator even after the charging process has ended and, when the voltage supply is disconnected, acts on the actuator for the pressure conditions in the coupler and consequently also for converting the control voltage into the stroke of the
Steuerventilglieds charakteristische Piezospannung erzeugt. Die Spannung zwischen den elektrischen Anschlüssen am piezoelektrischen Aktor kann somit ohne das Erfordernis eines weiteren Sensors als Meßparameter für das Ventilverhalten herangezogen werden.Control valve member characteristic piezo voltage generated. The voltage between the electrical connections on the piezoelectric actuator can thus be used as a measurement parameter for the valve behavior without the need for an additional sensor.
In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung angegeben. Die gemessene Spannung kann gemäß Anspruch 2 dazu herangezogen werden, um den Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds zu ermitteln. Der Verlauf der Spannung kann wie im Anspruch 3 angegeben auf das Auftreten eines Minimums im Kurvenverlauf hin überwacht werden. Der Druck im Koppler nimmt nach erfolgter Aufladung des Aktors im zeitlichen Verlauf zunächst ab, da der Aktor nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs annähernd seinen vollständigen Hub erreicht hat, während das Steuerventilglied sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch auf seine Schließposition zubewegt und der Koppler somit entspannt wird. Sobald das Steuerventilglied die Schließposition erreicht hat und sich aufgrund eines Prellens in Richtung auf seine Öffnungsposition zurückbewegt, erfolgt jedoch eine Kompression des im Koppler befindlichen Mediums, die sich in einem Anstieg der Klemmenspannung bemerkbar macht. Das im Spannungsverlauf auftretende Minimum identifiziert somit den Zeitpunkt, zu dem das Steuerventilglied seine Schließposition erreicht hat. Alternativ kann auch wie im Anspruch 4 angegeben die zeitliche Ableitung der Klemmenspannung gebildet und auf einen Nulldurchgang hin überwacht werden. Der Nulldurchgang des zeitlich abgeleiteten Spannungssignals identifiziert dabei ebenfalls das Minimum im zeitlichen Verlauf der Klemmenspannung und somit das Erreichen der Schließposition durch das Steuerventilglied. In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung wird gemäß Anspruch 5 aus dem ermittelten Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds ein Korrekturwert für einen Steuerparameter der Steuereinrichtung abgeleitet. Dabei kann insbesondere ein Korrekturwert für die AnsteuerSpannung des Aktors und/oder für den Ansteuerzeitpunkt und/oder für die Dauer des Ladevorgangs bereitgestellt werden. Gemäß Anspruch 6 kann die Spannung auch zur Erkennung desAdvantageous refinements and developments of the fuel injection device according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims. The measured voltage can be used in accordance with claim 2 to determine the time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member. The course of the voltage can be monitored for the occurrence of a minimum in the course of the curve as indicated in claim 3. After the actuator has been charged, the pressure in the coupler initially decreases over time, since the actuator ends of the loading process has almost reached its full stroke, while the control valve member is still moving towards its closed position at this time and the coupler is thus relaxed. As soon as the control valve member has reached the closed position and moves back towards its open position due to a bouncing, the medium in the coupler is compressed, however, which manifests itself in an increase in the terminal voltage. The minimum occurring in the course of the voltage thus identifies the point in time at which the control valve member has reached its closed position. Alternatively, the time derivative of the terminal voltage can also be formed and monitored for a zero crossing, as indicated in claim 4. The zero crossing of the voltage signal derived in time also identifies the minimum in the time profile of the terminal voltage and thus the control valve member reaching the closed position. In a further advantageous embodiment, a correction value for a control parameter of the control device is derived from the determined point in time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member. In particular, a correction value can be provided for the control voltage of the actuator and / or for the control time and / or for the duration of the charging process. According to claim 6, the voltage can also be used to detect the
Befüllungszustands des Kopplers herangezogen werden, da der Druckverlauf im Koppler vom Befüllungszustand abhängig ist und somit ebenfalls Rückwirkungen auf die Spannung zur Folge hat. Die gemäß Anspruch 8 vorgesehene Testansteuerung ermöglicht eine Überprüfung der Funktion des Steuerventils vor einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung, wobei dabei Korrekturwerte ermittelt werden können, die bei der nachfolgenden Kraftstoffeinspritzung verwendet werden können. Der zeitliche Abstand zwischen der Ermittlung des Korrekturwerts und der Ansteuerung des Steuerventils zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung ist somit sehr gering, so daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit hoher Genauigkeit erfolgen kann.Filling state of the coupler can be used, since the pressure curve in the coupler depends on the filling state and thus also has repercussions on the voltage. The test control provided in accordance with claim 8 enables a check of the function of the control valve before a fuel injection, wherein correction values can be determined which can be used in the subsequent fuel injection. The time interval between the determination of the correction value and the activation of the control valve Fuel injection is therefore very low, so that fuel injection can take place with high accuracy.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert . Es zeigen Figur 1 eineAn embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a
Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraf maschine in schematischer Darstellung und Figur 2 einFuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a schematic representation and Figure 2 a
Kraftstoffeinspritzventil der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung in vergrößerter Darstellung.Fuel injection valve of the fuel injection device in an enlarged view.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist eineIn Figures 1 and 2 is one
Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine beispielsweise eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 und ein mit dieser verbundenes Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 12 auf. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 und das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 12 direkt miteinander verbunden und bilden eine sogenannte Pumpe-Düse-Einheit. Es kann alternativ jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, daß die Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 entfernt vomFuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, for example, a motor vehicle shown. The fuel injection device has a high-pressure fuel pump 10 and a fuel injection valve 12 connected to it. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the high-pressure fuel pump 10 and the fuel injection valve 12 are connected directly to one another and form a so-called pump-nozzle unit. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the high-pressure fuel pump 10 is removed from the
Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 12 angeordnet ist und über eine Leitung mit diesem verbunden ist. Es ist für jeden Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 undFuel injection valve 12 is arranged and connected to it via a line. There is a fuel injector with high pressure fuel pump 10 and for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine
Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 12 vorgesehen.Fuel injection valve 12 is provided.
Die Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 weist einen Pumpenkörper 14 auf, in dem in einer Zylinderbohrung 16 ein Pumpenkolben 18 verschiebbar geführt ist, der in der Zylinderbohrung 16 einen Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 begrenzt. Der Pumpenkolben 18 wird durch eine Nockenwelle der Brennkraftmaschine über einen Nocken 22 gegen eine Rückstellfeder 24 in einer Hubbewegung angetrieben. Zwischen dem Nocken 22 und dem Pumpenkolben 18 kann als Übertragungselement ein Kipphebel 26 angeordnet sein. Der Nocken 22 weist einen erhabenen Bereich 22a auf, über den der Pumpenkolben 18 gegen die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 24 in die Zylinderbohrung 16 bis zu einem inneren Totpunkt hineingedrückt wird, und einen flacheren Bereich 22b, über den der Pumpenkolben 18 durch die Rückstellfeder 24 aus der Zylinderbohrung 16 bis zu einem äußeren Totpunkt herausgedrückt wird. Bei der Hubbewegung des Pumpenkolbens 18 in die Zylinderbohrung 16 hinein führt dieser einen Förderhub aus, bei dem Kraftstoff im Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 verdichtet wird. Bei der Hubbewegung des Pumpenkolbens 18 aus der Zylinderbohrung 16 heraus führt dieser einen Saughub aus, bei dem Kraftstoff in den Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 angesaugt wird.The high-pressure fuel pump 10 has a pump body 14, in which a pump piston 18 is slidably guided in a cylinder bore 16 and delimits a pump working space 20 in the cylinder bore 16. The pump piston 18 is driven by a camshaft of the internal combustion engine via a cam 22 against a return spring 24 in a lifting movement. A rocker arm 26 can be arranged between the cam 22 and the pump piston 18 as a transmission element. The cam 22 has a raised area 22a, via which the pump piston 18 is pressed against the force of the return spring 24 into the cylinder bore 16 up to an inner dead center, and a flatter area 22b, via which the pump piston 18 is released by the return spring 24 Cylinder bore 16 is pushed out to an outer dead center. When the pump piston 18 moves into the cylinder bore 16, it executes a delivery stroke in which fuel is compressed in the pump working space 20. During the stroke movement of the pump piston 18 out of the cylinder bore 16, the latter carries out a suction stroke in which fuel is sucked into the pump working chamber 20.
Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 12 weist einen Ventilkörper 30 auf, der mehrteilig ausgebildet sein kann und in dem in einer Bohrung 32 ein Einspritzventilglied 34 geführt ist. Der Ventilkörper 30 weist an seinem dem Brennraum des Zylinders der Brennkraftmaschine zugewandten Endbereich wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise mehrere Einspritzöffnungen 36 auf, die über den Umfang des Ventilkörpers 30 verteilt angeordnet sind. Das Einspritzventilglied 34 weist an seinem dem Brennraum zugewandten Endbereich eine beispielsweise etwa kegelförmige Dichtfläche 38 auf, die mit einem im Ventilkörper 30 in dessen dem Brennraum zugewandten Endbereich ausgebildeten Ventilsitz 40 zusammenwirkt, von dem oder nach dem die Einspritzöffnungen 36 abführen. Im Ventilkörper 30 ist zwischen dem Einspritzventilglied 34 und der Bohrung 32 zum Ventilsitz 40 hin ein Ringraum 42 gebildet, der in seinem dem Ventilsitz 40 abgewandten Endbereich durch eine radiale Erweiterung der Bohrung 32 in einen das Einspritzventilglied 34 umgebenden Druckraum 44 übergeht. Das Einspritzventilglied 34 weist auf Höhe des Druckraums 44 durch eine Querschnittsänderung eine Druckschulter 46 auf, über die der im Druckraum 44 herrschende Druck eine Kraft auf das Einspritzventilglied 34 vom Ventilsitz 40 weg erzeugt. Am dem Brennraum abgewandten Ende des Einspritzventilglieds 34 greift eine vorgespannte Schließfeder 48 an, durch die das Einspritzventilglied 34 zum Ventilsitz 40 hin gedrückt wird. Die Schließfeder 48 ist in einem Federraum 50 eines einen Teil des Ventilkörpers 30 bildenden Federhalters 30a angeordnet, der sich an die Bohrung 32 anschließt.The fuel injection valve 12 has a valve body 30, which can be constructed in several parts and in which an injection valve member 34 is guided in a bore 32. The valve body 30 has at least one, preferably a plurality of injection openings 36 at its end region facing the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the valve body 30. The injection valve member 34 has, for example, an approximately conical sealing surface 38 on its end region facing the combustion chamber, which cooperates with a valve seat 40 formed in the valve body 30 in its end region facing the combustion chamber, from or after which the injection openings 36 lead away. In the valve body 30, an annular space 42 is formed between the injection valve member 34 and the bore 32 toward the valve seat 40, which in its end region facing away from the valve seat 40 by radial expansion of the bore 32 into a pressure space 44 surrounding the injection valve member 34 transforms. The injection valve member 34 has a pressure shoulder 46 at the level of the pressure chamber 44 due to a change in cross-section, via which the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 44 generates a force on the injection valve member 34 away from the valve seat 40. At the end of the injection valve member 34 facing away from the combustion chamber, a prestressed closing spring 48 engages, by means of which the injection valve member 34 is pressed toward the valve seat 40. The closing spring 48 is arranged in a spring chamber 50 of a spring holder 30a which forms part of the valve body 30 and which adjoins the bore 32.
Der Druckraum 44 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils 12 ist über einen Kanal 52 mit dem Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 10 verbunden. Wenn der im Druckraum 44 herrschende Druck über die Druckschulter 46 auf das Einspritzventilglied 34 eine größere Kraft erzeugt als die durch die Schließfeder 48 erzeugte Kraft, so hebt das Einspritzventilglied 34 in dessen Öffnungsrichtung 35 mit seiner Dichtfläche 38 vom Ventilsitz 40 ab und gibt die Einspritzöffnungen 36 frei, durch die Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt wird. Wenn der im Druckraum 44 herrschende Druck über die Druckschulter 46 auf das Einspritzventilglied 34 eine geringere Kraft erzeugt als die durch die Schließfeder 48 erzeugte Kraft, so bewegt sich das Einspritzventilglied 34 entgegen dessen Öffnungsrichtung 35 mit seiner Dichtfläche 38 zum Ventilsitz 40 hin und verschließt bei Anlage am Ventilsitz 40 die Einspritzöffnungen 36, so daß kein Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt wird.The pressure chamber 44 of the fuel injection valve 12 is connected via a channel 52 to the pump working chamber 20 of the high-pressure fuel pump 10. If the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 44 via the pressure shoulder 46 on the injection valve member 34 generates a greater force than the force generated by the closing spring 48, the injection valve member 34 lifts in the opening direction 35 with its sealing surface 38 from the valve seat 40 and gives the injection openings 36 free, through which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. If the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 44 via the pressure shoulder 46 on the injection valve member 34 generates a smaller force than the force generated by the closing spring 48, the injection valve member 34 moves against its opening direction 35 with its sealing surface 38 toward the valve seat 40 and closes when it contacts the system at the valve seat 40, the injection openings 36 so that no fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
Zur Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung ist ein elektrisch angesteuertes Steuerventil 54 vorgesehen, durch das eine Verbindung des Pumpenarbeitsraums 20 mit einem Entlastungsraum gesteuert wird. Als Entlastungsraum kann beispielsweise der Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 11 des Kraftfahrzeugs oder ein anderer Bereich sein, in dem ein geringer Druck herrscht. Das Steuerventil 54 weist ein Steuerventilglied 56 auf, das über einen hydraulischen Koppler 57 durch einen piezoelektrischen Aktor 58 betätigt wird. Der Aktor 58 wird durch eine elektronischeTo control the fuel injection, an electrically controlled control valve 54 is provided, by means of which a connection between the pump work chamber 20 and a relief chamber is controlled. For example, the fuel reservoir 11 can serve as a relief space Motor vehicle or another area in which there is a low pressure. The control valve 54 has a control valve member 56 which is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator 58 via a hydraulic coupler 57. The actuator 58 is controlled by an electronic one
Steuereinrichtung 53 mit einer elektrischen Spannung versorgt. Der Aktor 58 weist eine Anzahl von hintereinandergeschalteten Piezoelementen 59 auf. Das Steuerventil 54 ist beispielsweise am Pumpenkörper 14 angeordnet. Der Aktor 58 ist einerseits mit einerControl device 53 is supplied with an electrical voltage. The actuator 58 has a number of piezo elements 59 connected in series. The control valve 54 is arranged, for example, on the pump body 14. The actuator 58 is on the one hand with a
Gehäusewand 60, durch die elektrische Anschlüsse 61 des Aktors 58 hindurchgeführt sind, und andererseits mit einem Stellkolben 62 kraftschlüssig verbunden. Der Stellkolben 62 schließt mit seiner vom Aktor 58 abgewandten Stirnfläche 63 den hydraulischen Koppler 57 ab. Der hydraulische Koppler 57 wirkt seinerseits auf einen in einem Verbindungskanal 64 geführten Stellkolben 65, an dessen vom Koppler 57 abgewandtem Ende das Steuerventilglied 56 angeordnet ist. Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß das Steuerventilglied 56 mit zwei Ventilsitzen zusammenwirkt, die in einem Ventilraum 66 ausgebildet sind, in dem das Steuerventilglied 56 angeordnet ist. Das Steuerventilglied 56 liegt in einer ersten Endposition, die einer spannungslosen Ruheposition des Aktors 58 entspricht, an einem ersten Ventilsitz 68 im Ventilraum 66 an. In einer zweiten Endposition, die einer maximalen Ansteuerung des Aktors 58 entspricht und eine Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds 56 ist, liegt das Steuerventilglied 56 an einem zweiten Ventilsitz 70 im Ventilraum 66 an und verschließt diesen. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß das Steuerventil 54 als doppelschaltendes Ventil ausgebildet ist, wobei das Steuerventilglied 56 wenn es sich in Anlage an einem der beiden Ventilsitze 68,70 befindet jeweils geschlossen ist und nur in einer Zwischenposition zwischen den beiden Ventilsitzen 68,70 geöffnet ist. In den Ventilraum 66 mündet zwischen den beiden Ventilsitzen 68,70 eine Verbindung 71 zu dem Entlastungsraum. Über den zweiten Ventilsitz 70 weist der Ventilraum 66 eine Verbindung mit dem Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 auf. Wenn sich das Steuerventilglied 56 in seiner ersten Endposition in Anlage am ersten Ventilsitz 68 befindet, so ist die Verbindung des Ventilraums 66 zum Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 über den zweiten Ventilsitz 70 geöffnet, so daß der Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 mit dem Entlastungsraum verbunden ist und sich in diesem kein Hochdruck aufbauen kann. In der Verbindung 71 des Ventilraums 66 mit dem Entlastungsraum kann eine Drosselstelle 67 vorgesehen sein. Wenn sich das Steuerventilglied 56 in seiner zweiten Endposition und damit seiner Schließposition in Anlage am zweiten Ventilsitz 70 befindet, so ist die Verbindung des Ventilraums 66 zum Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 über den zweiten Ventilsitz 70 geschlossen, so daß der Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 vom Entlastungsraum getrennt ist und sich in diesem Hochdruck aufbauen kann, entsprechend dem Förderhub des Pumpenkolbens 18. Der Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds 56 bestimmt somit den Beginn der Kraftstoffeinspritzung und die Dauer der Anordnung des Steuerventilglieds 56 in seiner Schließposition bestimmt die Kraftstoffmenge, die eingespritzt wird.Housing wall 60, through which electrical connections 61 of the actuator 58 are passed, and on the other hand non-positively connected to an actuating piston 62. The actuating piston 62 closes off the hydraulic coupler 57 with its end face 63 facing away from the actuator 58. The hydraulic coupler 57 in turn acts on an actuating piston 65 guided in a connecting channel 64, on the end of which is remote from the coupler 57, the control valve member 56 is arranged. It can be provided that the control valve member 56 cooperates with two valve seats which are formed in a valve chamber 66 in which the control valve member 56 is arranged. In a first end position, which corresponds to a de-energized rest position of the actuator 58, the control valve member 56 bears against a first valve seat 68 in the valve chamber 66. In a second end position, which corresponds to a maximum activation of the actuator 58 and is a closed position of the control valve member 56, the control valve member 56 bears against a second valve seat 70 in the valve chamber 66 and closes it. It can also be provided that the control valve 54 is designed as a double-switching valve, wherein the control valve member 56 is closed when it is in contact with one of the two valve seats 68, 70 and is only open in an intermediate position between the two valve seats 68, 70 is. A connection 71 to the relief chamber opens into the valve chamber 66 between the two valve seats 68, 70. Via the second valve seat 70, the valve chamber 66 has a connection to the pump work chamber 20. When the control valve member 56 is in its first end position in contact with the first valve seat 68, the connection of the valve chamber 66 to the pump work chamber 20 is opened via the second valve seat 70, so that the pump work chamber 20 is connected to the relief chamber and there is no high pressure in it can build up. A throttle point 67 can be provided in the connection 71 of the valve chamber 66 to the relief chamber. When the control valve member 56 is in its second end position and thus its closed position in contact with the second valve seat 70, the connection of the valve chamber 66 to the pump work chamber 20 is closed via the second valve seat 70, so that the pump work chamber 20 is separated from the relief chamber and is in This high pressure can build up, corresponding to the delivery stroke of the pump piston 18. The time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member 56 thus determines the start of fuel injection and the duration of the arrangement of the control valve member 56 in its closed position determines the amount of fuel that is injected.
Der Aktor 58 des Steuerventils 54 wird durch die Steuereinrichtung 53 abhängig von Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine, wie beispielsweise Drehzahl, Last, Temperatur und weiteren, angesteuert. Für die Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit hoher Genauigkeit ist eine Rückmeldung über den Beginn der Kraftstoffeinspritzung erforderlich, der zumindest annähernd gleichzeitig mit dem Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds 56 ist. Zur Erkennung, ob das Steuerventilglied 56 seine Schließposition erreicht hat, wird nach erfolgtem Ladevorgang, das ist nach erfolgter Ansteuerung des Aktors 58 zum Schließen des Steuerventils 54, für eine vorgebbare Zeitdauer eines Meßfensters an die Anschlüsse 61 des Aktors 58 eine Spannungsmeßeinrichtung 72 angeschlossen, die Bestandteil der Steuereinrichtung 53 sein kann. An die Spannungsmeßeinrichtung 72 kann eineThe actuator 58 of the control valve 54 is controlled by the control device 53 as a function of operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, such as, for example, speed, load, temperature and others. For the control of the fuel injection with high accuracy, feedback about the start of the fuel injection is required, which is at least approximately at the same time as the time at which the control valve member 56 reaches the closed position. To recognize whether the control valve member 56 has reached its closed position, after the charging process has taken place, that is after the charging process Actuation of the actuator 58 to close the control valve 54, a voltage measuring device 72 connected to the connections 61 of the actuator 58 for a predeterminable period of time of a measuring window, which voltage measuring device 72 can be part of the control device 53. A can be connected to the voltage measuring device 72
Diagnoseinrichtung 74 angeschlossen sein. Die Meßdaten können direkt, beispielsweise als analoges Spannungssignal, an die Diagnoseeinrichtung 74 übermittelt werden. Somit erfolgt eine Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 als Funktion der Zeit. Es kann jedoch alternativ zunächst auch die Bildung der zeitlichen Ableitung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 vorgesehen werden. Dazu werden die Spannungssignale einem der Spannungsmeßeinrichtung 72 zugeordneten Differenzierglied 76 zugeführt. Die dort gebildeten differenzierten Signale werden anschließend an die Diagnoseeinrichtung 74 übermittelt. In beiden Alternativen wird aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 in der Diagnoseeinrichtung 74 auf das Erreichen der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds 56 geschlossen.Diagnostic device 74 may be connected. The measurement data can be transmitted directly to the diagnostic device 74, for example as an analog voltage signal. The voltage between the terminals 61 of the actuator 58 is thus monitored as a function of time. As an alternative, however, the time derivative of the voltage between the connections 61 can first be provided. For this purpose, the voltage signals are fed to a differentiating element 76 assigned to the voltage measuring device 72. The differentiated signals formed there are then transmitted to the diagnostic device 74. In both alternatives, the time course of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 in the diagnostic device 74 is used to conclude that the control valve member 56 has reached the closed position.
Zur Erkennung der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds 56 wird der zeitliche Verlauf der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 auf das Auftreten einesTo detect the closed position of the control valve member 56, the time profile of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 is dependent on the occurrence of a
Minimums im Kurvenverlauf hin überwacht . Bei der Auswertung der zeitlichen Ableitung der Spannung mittels des Differenzierglieds 76 wird dementsprechend das Auftreten eines Nulldurchgangs überprüft. Wie festgestellt wurde baut sich nach Beendigung der Ladephase des Aktors 58 der Druck im hydraulischen Koppler 57 zunächst ab, da der Aktor 58 nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs annähernd seinen vollständigen Hub erreicht hat, während das Steuerventilglied 56 sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch auf seine Schließposition zubewegt und der Koppler 57 somit entspannt wird. Dieser Druckabfall ist über die Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 in der Form einer als Funktion der Zeit eintretenden Reduzierung der Spannung nachweisbar.At least monitored in the course of the curve. When evaluating the time derivative of the voltage by means of the differentiator 76, the occurrence of a zero crossing is checked accordingly. As has been established, after the loading phase of the actuator 58 has ended, the pressure in the hydraulic coupler 57 initially decreases, since the actuator 58 has almost reached its full stroke after the loading process has ended, while the control valve member 56 is still moving toward its closed position at this point in time the coupler 57 is thus relaxed. This pressure drop is about monitoring the Voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 can be demonstrated in the form of a reduction in the voltage which occurs as a function of time.
Sobald das Steuerventilglied 56 seine Schließposition erreicht hat und sich aufgrund eines Prellens in Richtung auf seine erste Endposition zurückbewegt, erfolgt jedoch eine Kompression des im Koppler befindlichen Mediums, die sich analog in einem Anstieg der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 bemerkbar macht. Das imAs soon as the control valve member 56 has reached its closed position and moves back towards its first end position due to a bounce, the medium in the coupler is compressed, which is analogously reflected in an increase in the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58. That in
Spannungsverlauf auftretende Minimum identifiziert somit den Zeitpunkt, zu dem das Steuerventilglied 56 seine Schließposition erreicht hat. Auf der Grundlage der Erkennung des Zeitpunkts des Schließens des Steuerventils 54 können Korrekturwerte für Steuerparameter derMinimum curve occurring voltage thus identifies the point in time at which the control valve member 56 has reached its closed position. Based on the detection of the point in time at which the control valve 54 closes, correction values for control parameters of the
Steuereinrichtung 53 gewonnen werden, die für eine nachfolgende Kraftstoffeinspritzung verwendet werden können und durch die die Genauigkeit der Kraftstoffeinspritzung hinsichtlich Zeitpunkt der Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Kraftstoffeinspritzmenge verbessert werden kann.Control device 53 can be obtained, which can be used for a subsequent fuel injection and through which the accuracy of the fuel injection with respect to the time of the fuel injection and the fuel injection quantity can be improved.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß die vorstehend erläuterte Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 jeweils während einer erfolgenden Kraftstoffeinspritzung durchgeführt wird. Die dabei gewonnenen Korrekturwerte können dann für die Steuerung der nachfolgenden Kraftstoffeinspritzung verwendet werden.It can be provided that the above-described monitoring of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 is carried out in each case during a fuel injection. The correction values obtained in this way can then be used to control the subsequent fuel injection.
Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß die vorstehend erläuterte Überwachung der Spannung während einerAlternatively, it can also be provided that the monitoring of the voltage explained above during a
Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 durch die Steuereinrichtung 53 in einem Zeitintervall erfolgt, während dem keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt. Dies ist insbesondere während einer Hubphase des Pumpenkolbens 18 der Fall, bei der dieser sich aus der Zylinderbohrung 16 zu seinem äußeren Totpunkt hin bewegt. Der Nocken 18 befindet sich dann in seinem flacheren Bereich 22b in Anlage am Kipphebel 26. Während dieser Hubphase des Pumpenkolbens 18 wird durch diesen im Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 und damit im Druckraum 44 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils 12 kein für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung ausreichender Druck erzeugt, so daß auch beim Schließen des Steuerventils 54 keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt. Die Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 erfolgt vorzugsweise während eines Zeitintervalls, während dem auch die Befüllung des Pumpenarbeitsraums 20 beim Saughub des Pumpenkolbens 18 mit Kraftstoff sowie die Absteuerung von Kraftstoff aus dem Pumpenarbeitsraum 20 zur Beendigung derTest control of the control valve 54 is carried out by the control device 53 in a time interval during which no fuel injection takes place. This is particularly the case during a stroke phase of the pump piston 18, in which the latter moves out of the cylinder bore 16 towards its outer dead center. The cam 18 is located then in its flatter area 22b in contact with the rocker arm 26. During this stroke phase of the pump piston 18, no sufficient pressure for fuel injection is generated by the latter in the pump working chamber 20 and thus in the pressure chamber 44 of the fuel injection valve 12, so that even when the control valve 54 is closed, none Fuel injection takes place. The test control of the control valve 54 is preferably carried out during a time interval during which the pump work chamber 20 is also filled with fuel during the suction stroke of the pump piston 18 and the fuel is de-energized from the pump work chamber 20 to terminate the process
Kraftstoffeinspritzung bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 54 nicht oder nur geringstmöglich beeinflußt wird.Fuel injection with open control valve 54 is influenced or influenced only as little as possible.
Bei der Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 können Korrekturparameter gewonnen werden, die bereits bei der Steuerung der nachfolgenden Kraftstoffeinspritzung verwendet werden können. Der zeitliche Versatz zwischen der Gewinnung der Korrekturwerte und der Steuerung derCorrection parameters can be obtained during the test activation of the control valve 54, which can already be used in the control of the subsequent fuel injection. The time lag between the acquisition of the correction values and the control of the
Kraftstoffeinspritzung ist bei der Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 nur etwa halb so groß wie bei der Gewinnung der Korrekturwerte bei der tatsächlich erfolgenen Kraftstoffeinspritzung. Die Genauigkeit der Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung kann somit nochmals wesentlich erhöht werden. Bei der Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 werden direkt vor der Ansteuerung zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung die Korrekturwerte ermittelt.When test control of control valve 54, fuel injection is only about half as large as when the correction values are obtained when fuel is actually injected. The accuracy of the control of the fuel injection can thus be significantly increased again. In the test activation of the control valve 54, the correction values are determined directly before the activation for fuel injection.
Über Leckspalte wird bei der Bewegung des Stellkolbens 62 ein Teil des im hydraulischen Koppler 57 befindlichen Mediums, das vorzugsweise Kraftstoff ist, herausgedrückt. Für einen bestimmungsgemäßen Zusammenhang zwischen AnsteuerSpannung des Aktors 58 und eingespritzter Kraftstoffmenge ist jedoch eine ordnungsgemäße Befüllung des Kopplers 57 erforderlich. Daher ist zwischen zwei Einspritzungen eine Wiederbefüllung des Kopplers 57 über einen nicht dargestellten Kanal vorgesehen. Für eine Überprüfung, ob der Koppler 57 auch tatsächlich ordnungsgemäß wiederbefüllt wurde, kann wiederum die Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 herangezogen werden. Nach erfolgtem Ladevorgang des Aktors 58 wird wiederum durch die Spannunsmeßeinrichtung 72 der zeitliche Verlauf der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 überwacht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs des Aktors 58 der Druck im hydraulischen Koppler 57 infolge abströmenden Mediums sich wieder abbaut. Dieser Druckabfall ist über die Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 in Form einer als Funktion der Zeit eintretenden Reduzierung der Spannung nachweisbar. Das Ausmaß dieses zeitlichenDuring the movement of the actuating piston 62, part of the medium in the hydraulic coupler 57, which is preferably fuel, is pressed out via leakage gaps. For a proper relationship between the control voltage of the actuator 58 and the amount of fuel injected, however, the coupler 57 must be properly filled. Therefore, between two Injections provided a refill of the coupler 57 via a channel, not shown. The voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 can in turn be used to check whether the coupler 57 has actually been properly refilled. After the actuator 58 has been charged again, the voltage curve 72 monitors the time profile of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58. It was found that after the loading of the actuator 58, the pressure in the hydraulic coupler 57 decreases again as a result of the outflowing medium. This pressure drop can be demonstrated by monitoring the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 in the form of a reduction in the voltage which occurs as a function of time. The extent of this temporal
Abfalls der Spannung ist dabei auch abhängig vom sogenannten Übersetzungsverhältnis im Koppler 57, also dem Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche des Stellkolbens 62 zur Querschnittsfläche des Stellkolbens 65 und außerdem vom Verhältnis aus dem erzeugbaren Hub des Steuerventilglieds 56 zu der auf den Koppler 57 einwirkenden Längenänderung des Aktors 58. Die Reduzierung der Spannung hängt zudem in besonders ausgeprägtem Maße vom Befüllungsgrad im Koppler 57 ab. Bei voll befülltem Koppler 57 ist ein vergleichsweise ausgeprägter Spannungseinbruch von beispielsweise etwa 50 V nachweisbar. Dagegen ist dieser Effekt bei nur teilweise befülltem Koppler 57 deutlich geringer, wobei der Spannungseinbruch beispielsweise nur etwa 15 V beträgt.The drop in the voltage also depends on the so-called transmission ratio in the coupler 57, i.e. the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the actuating piston 62 to the cross-sectional area of the actuating piston 65 and also on the ratio of the stroke of the control valve member 56 that can be generated to the change in length of the actuator 58 acting on the coupler 57. The reduction in voltage also depends to a particularly pronounced extent on the degree of filling in the coupler 57. When the coupler 57 is full, a comparatively pronounced voltage drop of, for example, approximately 50 V can be detected. In contrast, this effect is significantly less when the coupler 57 is only partially filled, the voltage drop being, for example, only about 15 V.
Aus der Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 wird somit in der Diagnoseeinrichtung 74 eine Diagnoseaussage gebildet, indem nach erfolgter Ladephase des Aktors 58 die Spannung gemessen wird. Nach einer vorgebbaren Wartezeit von beispielsweise etwa 0,25 ms wird die Spannung erneut gemessen. Sodann wird die Differenz beider Meßwerte gebildet und mit einem Grenzwert verglichen. Es kann dabei ein fester Grenzwert vorgegeben sein, der beispielsweise etwa 30 V betragen kann. Alternativ kann jedoch auch ein betriebspunktabhängiger Grenzwert aus einem durch vorherige Eichung gewonnenen, in einem Datenspeichermodul 78 hinterlegten Kennfeld zugrundegelegt werden. Die Wartezeit ist dabei derart wählbar, daß die Messung der Spannung unmittelbar vor einem darauffolgenden Steuereingriff, nämlich vor einer weiteren Anhebung der Spannung, erfolgt.From the monitoring of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58, a diagnostic statement is thus formed in the diagnostic device 74 by measuring the voltage after the actuator 58 has been charged. After a predeterminable waiting time of, for example, approximately 0.25 ms, the voltage is measured again. The difference between the two measured values is then formed and compared with a limit value. It can a fixed limit value can be specified, which can be approximately 30 V, for example. Alternatively, however, an operating point-dependent limit value can also be used as a basis from a map obtained by prior calibration and stored in a data storage module 78. The waiting time can be selected in such a way that the voltage is measured immediately before a subsequent control intervention, namely before the voltage is increased further.
Ist die ermittelte Differenz der Spannung größer als der Grenzwert, so wird als Diagnose auf eine vollständige und ordnungsgemäße Wiederbefüllung des Kopplers 57 geschlossen und es wird keine weitere Maßnahme eingeleitet. Ist die ermittelte Differenz der Spannung jedoch kleiner als der Grenzwert, so wird als Diagnose auf eine unvollständige und mangelhafte Wiederbefüllung des Kopplers 57 geschlossen. In diesem Fall wird ein weiterer Vergleich der Differenz der Spannungen mit einem zweiten Grenzwert oder Minimalwert vorgenommen. Durch diesen Vergleich wird noch eine Unterscheidung nach Auswirkungen des Fehlers vorgenommen.If the difference in voltage determined is greater than the limit value, a diagnosis is made that the coupler 57 is completely and correctly refilled and no further measure is initiated. However, if the determined difference in voltage is less than the limit value, the diagnosis is based on an incomplete and defective refilling of the coupler 57. In this case, a further comparison of the difference in voltages with a second limit value or minimum value is made. This comparison makes a distinction according to the effects of the error.
Unterschreitet die Differenz der Spannungen auch den zweiten, noch geringeren Grenzwert oder Minimalwert, so wird ein wesentlicher Fehler diagnostiziert, der beispielsweise eine sofortige Stillegung der Brennkraftmaschine zur Folge hat. Liegt die Differenz der Spannungen hingegen zwar unterhalb des ersten aber oberhalb des zweiten Grenzwertes, so wird ein leichter Fehler diagnostiziert, der zwar einen weiteren Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erlaubt, der jedoch für spätere Diagnosezwecke im Datenspeichermodul 78 hinterlegt wird.If the difference in voltages also falls below the second, still lower limit or minimum value, an essential fault is diagnosed, which, for example, results in the immediate shutdown of the internal combustion engine. If, on the other hand, the difference between the voltages is below the first but above the second limit value, a slight fault is diagnosed, which, although it permits further operation of the internal combustion engine, is stored in the data storage module 78 for later diagnostic purposes.
Bei Feststellung eines leichten Fehlers in der Diagnoseeinrichtung 74 wird zudem ein Sollwert für die Ansteuerspannung des Aktors 58 vorgegeben, wobei der Sollwert derart gewählt wird, daß sich trotz der festgestellten nicht vollständigen Befüllung des Kopplers 57 nach einer Ansteuerung der vorgesehene Hub des Steuerventilglieds 56 ergibt. Die vorstehend erläuterte Überwachung der Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 des Aktors 58 wird vorzugsweise während einer Testansteuerung des Steuerventils 54 in einer Phase durchgeführt, während derer keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt. If a slight error is detected in the diagnostic device 74, a setpoint for the control voltage of the actuator 58 is also specified, the setpoint being selected such that, despite the incomplete filling of the coupler 57, after actuation, the intended stroke of the control valve member 56 results. The monitoring of the voltage between the connections 61 of the actuator 58 explained above is preferably carried out during a test activation of the control valve 54 in a phase during which no fuel injection takes place.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine1. Fuel injector for one
Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil (12) , das wenigstens ein Emspritzventilglied (34) aufweist, durch das wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung (36) gesteuert wird, wobei das Emspritzventilglied (34) von dem in einem Druckraum (44) des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils (12) herrschenden Druck in einer Öffnungsrichtung (35) gegen eine Schließkraft beaufschlagt ist, wobei der im Druckraum (44) herrschende Druck durch einen Pumpenkolben (18) einer Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe (10) erzeugt wird, der durch einen Nocken (22) in einer Hubbewegung angetrieben wird, wobei ein durch einen piezoelektrischen Aktor (58) betätigtes Steuerventil (54) vorgesehen ist, das durch eine elektrische Steuereinrichtung (53) angesteuert wird, durch das zumindest mittelbar eine Verbindung (71) des Druckraums (44) mit einem Entlastungsraum gesteuert wird, wobei bei geschlossenem Steuerventil (54) der Druckraum (44) vom Entlastungsraum getrennt ist, wobei das Steuerventil (54) ein Steuerventilglied (56) aufweist, das über einen hydraulischen Koppler (57) mit dem Aktor (58) gekoppelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aktor (58) nach einerInternal combustion engine with a fuel injection valve (12), which has at least one injection valve member (34) through which at least one injection opening (36) is controlled, the injection valve member (34) from the pressure prevailing in a pressure chamber (44) of the fuel injection valve (12) in an opening direction (35) against a closing force, the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber (44) being generated by a pump piston (18) of a high-pressure fuel pump (10), which is driven by a cam (22) in a lifting movement, one by A control valve (54) actuated by a piezoelectric actuator (58) is provided, which is controlled by an electrical control device (53), by means of which a connection (71) of the pressure chamber (44) to a relief chamber is controlled at least indirectly, whereby when the control valve ( 54) the pressure chamber (44) is separated from the relief chamber, the control valve (54) being a control valve member (56) a uf, which is coupled to the actuator (58) via a hydraulic coupler (57), characterized in that the actuator (58) after a
Aufladephase mit einer zugeordneten Spannungsmeßeinrichtung (72) verbunden ist und daß die Spannung zwischen den elektrischen Anschlüssen (61) des Aktors (58) zur Erkennung der Funktion des Steuerventils (54) überwacht wird. Charging phase is connected to an associated voltage measuring device (72) and that the voltage between the electrical connections (61) of the actuator (58) is monitored to detect the function of the control valve (54).
2. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung zwischen den elektrischen Anschlüssen (61) des Aktors (58) zur Erkennung des Erreichens einer Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds (56) herangezogen wird.2. Fuel injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage between the electrical connections (61) of the actuator (58) for detecting the reaching of a closed position of the control valve member (56) is used.
3. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zeitliche Verlauf der Spannung auf das Auftreten eines Minimums im Kurvenverlauf hin überwacht wird.3. Fuel injection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the temporal course of the voltage is monitored for the occurrence of a minimum in the course of the curve.
4. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zeitliche Ableitung der Spannung gebildet und auf einen Nulldurchgang hin überwacht wird.4. Fuel injection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the time derivative of the voltage is formed and is monitored for a zero crossing.
5. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem ermittelten Zeitpunkt des Erreichens der Schließposition des Steuerventilglieds (56) ein Korrekturwert für einen Steuerparameter der Steuereinrichtung (53) gebildet wird, der bei einer nachfolgenden Kraftstoffeinspritzung berücksichtigt wird.5. Fuel injection device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a correction value for a control parameter of the control device (53) is formed from the determined time of reaching the closed position of the control valve member (56), which is taken into account in a subsequent fuel injection.
6. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung zwischen den elektrischen Anschlüssen (61) des Aktors (58) zur Erkennung des Befüllungszustands des Kopplers (57) herangezogen wird.6. Fuel injection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage between the electrical connections (61) of the actuator (58) is used to detect the filling state of the coupler (57).
7. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Differenz zwischen einer unmittelbar nach Beendigung der Aufladephase des Aktors (58) gemessenen Spannung und einer nach Ablauf einer vorgebbaren Wartezeit gemessenen Spannung mit einem Grenzwert verglichen wird. 7. The fuel injection device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that a difference between a voltage measured immediately after the end of the charging phase of the actuator (58) and a voltage measured after a predeterminable waiting time has elapsed is compared with a limit value.
8. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung zwischen den elektrischen Anschlüssen (61) des Aktors (58) zur Erkennung der Funktion des Steuerventils (54) während einer Testansteuerung des Steuerventils (54) überwacht wird, während derer keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung stattfindet.8. Fuel injection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage between the electrical connections (61) of the actuator (58) for detecting the function of the control valve (54) is monitored during a test actuation of the control valve (54), during which none Fuel injection takes place.
9. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Testansteuerung des Steuerventils9. Fuel injection device according to claim 8, characterized in that the test control of the control valve
(54) in einer Hubphase des Pumpenkolbens (18) erfolgt, während der dieser im Druckraum (44) des(54) takes place in a stroke phase of the pump piston (18) during which it is in the pressure chamber (44) of the
Kraftstoffeinspritzventils (12) keinen für ein Öffnen des Einspritzventilglieds (34) ausreichenden Druck erzeugt.Fuel injection valve (12) does not generate sufficient pressure to open the injection valve member (34).
10. Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese für jedes Kraftstoffeinspritzventil (12) eine eigene Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe (10) aufweist, mit einem Pumpenkolben (18), der durch einen Nocken (22) angetrieben wird. 10. Fuel injection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has its own high-pressure fuel pump (10) for each fuel injection valve (12), with a pump piston (18) which is driven by a cam (22).
EP02764515A 2001-09-22 2002-07-13 Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1430208B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10146747A DE10146747A1 (en) 2001-09-22 2001-09-22 Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
DE10146747 2001-09-22
PCT/DE2002/002574 WO2003027468A1 (en) 2001-09-22 2002-07-13 Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine

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US20040065301A1 (en) 2004-04-08
HUP0301402A2 (en) 2007-11-28
ATE288031T1 (en) 2005-02-15
JP4116552B2 (en) 2008-07-09
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PL360659A1 (en) 2004-09-20
EP1430208B1 (en) 2005-01-26

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