EP1428237A1 - Safety switch device for safe disconnection of an electric consumer - Google Patents
Safety switch device for safe disconnection of an electric consumerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1428237A1 EP1428237A1 EP02772194A EP02772194A EP1428237A1 EP 1428237 A1 EP1428237 A1 EP 1428237A1 EP 02772194 A EP02772194 A EP 02772194A EP 02772194 A EP02772194 A EP 02772194A EP 1428237 A1 EP1428237 A1 EP 1428237A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- output switch
- switching device
- safety switching
- switch
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety switching device for safely switching off an electrical consumer, in particular an electrical machine, with at least one output switch for interrupting an external power supply path, the output switch having at least two switch positions, and with a control unit which controls the switch position of the output switch, also with Means by means of which the control unit monitors an actual switching position of the output switch.
- Such a safety switching device is known for example from WO 01/37302 AI.
- Generic safety switching devices are used primarily in the industrial field to drive electrically Switch off machines, such as large press brakes, CNC-controlled production centers or robots, reliably, at least in some areas.
- a common application is to switch off the machine when a protective door is opened, a light barrier is interrupted or an emergency stop button is pressed.
- the signals of such signal transmitters are fed to the generic safety switching devices which, depending on this, switch off the corresponding machine or machine areas.
- the actual shutdown process ie the interruption of a power supply to the machine, must be carried out in an extremely reliable manner, since otherwise the health or even the life of operators is endangered.
- Generic safety switching devices are therefore only permitted to operate by the responsible supervisory authorities, such as the employers' liability insurance associations in Germany, if they meet certain minimum requirements for fail-safe operation.
- a safety switching device must enable a reliable and fail-safe shutdown of the machine even if errors or faults occur within the safety switching device or the signal transmitters connected to it.
- a generic safety switching device which has two relays on the output side as output switches.
- the normally open contacts of the two relays are connected in series in a manner known per se in order to achieve redundancy and thus increased safety when switching off.
- Each of the two relays has several make contacts so that, for example, all three phases of a three-phase connection can be switched off.
- each of the two relays has an auxiliary contact, which is mechanically positively guided with the normally open contacts is. The mechanical positive guidance ensures that the switch position of the normally open contacts corresponds to the switch position of the auxiliary contact. The switching position of the normally open contacts can thus be monitored via the auxiliary contact.
- a safety switching device of the type mentioned at the outset in which the means mentioned include a high-frequency (HF) generator for generating an HF test signal and a coupling circuit with which the HF test signal is transmitted to the output switch.
- HF high-frequency
- the switching position of the output switch is monitored with the aid of an HF test signal which is passed through the output switch in addition to the load current that is actually to be switched. Since the frequencies of the load currents to be switched are usually very low (in the range from 16 2/3 to 400 Hz), a high-frequency signal is very suitable, since it is technically simple Way can be separated from the load current again by filter measures known per se.
- the frequency of the test signal is preferably in the range from 2 MHz to 100 MHz.
- the test signal used here is an electrical signal, as a result of which the electrically effective switching position of the output switch can be monitored particularly well.
- the safety switching device according to the invention has the advantage that the use of positively driven relays or contactors can be dispensed with, as a result of which the production costs can be reduced.
- the safety switching device according to the invention can be implemented more compactly and with a smaller space requirement.
- Another advantage is that the switching position of semiconductor components can also be monitored in a reliable manner with the measure according to the invention. This means that the underlying device concept can also be used in future generations of safety switching devices.
- the coupling circuit contains at least one isolating element, which galvanically isolates the HF generator from the at least one output switch.
- This measure enables the output circuit of the safety switching device to be implemented in a potential-free manner, which increases both the safety and the variety of applications of the device according to the invention.
- the monitoring circuit which usually only works with low voltages and currents, is in this way ahead of the considerably larger load currents, with which the monitored machine is supplied.
- the isolating element contains at least one coupling capacitor.
- the coupling capacitor contains a circuit board capacitance.
- the device according to the invention can be even smaller in this embodiment, i.e. with an even smaller space requirement.
- the circuit board capacitance contains conductor surfaces which are arranged on different layers of an at least two-layer circuit board.
- the coupling circuit contains at least two coupling capacitors.
- the coupling circuit contains an electrical resonant circuit.
- the output switch is embedded in the resonant circuit.
- the resonant circuit interacts with at least one ohmic resistor, the voltage drop of which is a measure of the actual switching position of the output switch.
- the current flowing into the resonant circuit is preferably conducted via the ohmic resistance mentioned.
- This measure makes it possible to use a simple threshold switch to determine the switch position of the output switch.
- the tapping of a voltage drop across the ohmic resistor is possible in a very simple and cost-effective manner by means known per se. Overall, the production costs of the device according to the invention can thus be reduced even further.
- the output switch is connected to at least one connection terminal, a high-frequency (HF) filter being arranged between the output switch and the connection terminal.
- HF high-frequency
- FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of an arrangement for use in a safety switching device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of coupling capacitors, which are also used in the basic circuit diagram according to FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed illustration of a safety switching device according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 an arrangement for fail-safe monitoring of the switching position of an output switch is designated in its entirety with the reference number 10.
- the arrangement 10 includes a control unit 12 which controls the switching position of an output switch 14 in a manner known per se.
- the output switch 14 is shown in the present case as a relay contact.
- the principle of the arrangement 10 can also be applied in the same way to semiconductor switches, such as MOS transistors.
- the reference number 16 denotes an HF generator, which is connected via a galvanic isolating element 18 to the output Switch 14 is connected that an RF test signal (RF voltage and / or RF current), not shown here, is conducted via the output switch 14.
- RF test signal RF voltage and / or RF current
- the isolating element 18 contains two coupling capacitors 20, 22, by which a direct current bridging of the output switch 14 is prevented in any case.
- the HF generator 16 contains a sensor element (not shown separately here) which detects a change in the HF test signal as a function of the switching position of the output switch 14. For example, depending on the switching position of the output switch 14, the resonance frequency of the HF generator 16, the HF current flowing via the coupling capacitors 20, 22 or the power converted in the HF generator changes. The detected change is communicated to the control unit 12 via a read-back line 24. As a result, the control unit 12 can always compare the actual switching position of the output switch 14 with the set target switching position and thus monitor the output switch 14. The control unit 12 can check the correct operation of all modules in a kind of self-test by switching the output switch 14 and checking whether the reaction on the line 24 corresponds to the expected value.
- Reference number 26 schematically shows a consumer to clarify the principle of the arrangement 10, which in the specific application is, for example, a machine to be switched off.
- the machine 26 is powered by the power supply 28 supplied with power, the output switch 14 being arranged in the power supply path 30.
- the power supply 28 can also be an AC voltage source instead of the DC voltage source shown.
- FIG. 2 A preferred implementation of the two coupling capacitors 20, 22 is shown in FIG. 2, the same reference symbols denoting the same elements as in FIG. 1.
- the circuit components of the arrangement 10 are arranged on a printed circuit board 40 in a manner known per se.
- the circuit components such as the HF generator 16 and the control unit 12 (shown here as IC), are connected to one another via conductor tracks 42.
- the two coupling capacitors 20, 22 are formed by conductor surfaces 44, 46 which are arranged on different layers of the circuit board 40, which in this case is two layers.
- the plastic material of the circuit board 40 is thus located between the metallic conductor surfaces 44, 46, as a result of which a capacitance is formed in a manner known per se.
- it can be excluded that one or both coupling capacitors 20, 22 suffer an electrical short circuit. This exclusion of errors results from existing, relevant standards.
- an exemplary embodiment of a safety switching device according to the invention is designated in its entirety by the reference number 50. It is a so-called safety switching device, which is usually delivered as a compact and fully functional unit.
- fertilizer is not limited to safety switching devices and can also be used for complex, programmable safety controls.
- the safety switching device 50 is installed as a compact structural unit in a device housing 52 in a manner known per se. On an outside of the housing 52 there are terminals in a manner known per se, three of which are designated here by way of example with the reference numbers 54, 56, 58.
- the terminal 54 is connected to a phase of the power supply 28.
- the terminal 56 is connected to the machine 26 to be switched off.
- the power supply path 30, in which the output switch 14 is arranged in series, is thus located between the connection terminals 54 and 56.
- the representation of the safety switching device 50 is simplified here for reasons of clarity. In practice, there are usually two output switches 14 in series with one another in the power supply path 30 in order to obtain redundancy when the machine 26 is switched off.
- the safety switching device 50 according to the invention generally has further output brackets, which are arranged parallel to the output switch 14, and corresponding connecting terminals 54, 56, via which further phases of the power supply 28 can be guided. Such designs are known per se and are therefore not shown in more detail here.
- An emergency stop switch 60 is connected to the connecting terminal 58 in a manner known per se. This is also shown here in simplified form in FIG. 3, since emergency stop switches are written safety switching devices are usually evaluated in multiple channels.
- the safety switching device 50 is constructed as follows:
- the control unit 12 includes a switch 62 which switches the current flow on or off via a relay 64 in a manner known per se.
- the output switch 14 is one of the normally open contacts of the relay 64, so that the control unit 12 can control the switching position of the output switch 14 via the switch 62.
- a relay 64 semiconductor components can also be used as output switches in alternative exemplary embodiments.
- the output switch 14 is connected to an RF generator 16 in a manner already described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the isolating element here contains a transformer 66, the inductance of which forms an oscillating circuit 68 together with the coupling capacitors 20, 22.
- the HF generator which in the present exemplary embodiment is a commercially available HF oscillator of, for example, 8 MHz, generates the HF test signal, which is denoted here schematically by reference number 70.
- the HF generator 16 is supplied with an operating voltage via a resistor 72.
- a capacitor 74 is arranged in parallel to the HF generator 16.
- a threshold switch 76 is arranged in parallel with the resistor 72, which switches along with the voltage drop across the resistor 72 compares to a reference value.
- the output signal of the threshold switch 76 is fed to the control unit 12 via the read-back line 24.
- Reference numeral 78 denotes a further capacitor which, together with a coil 80, forms an LC filter 82.
- the LC filter 82 is arranged between the output switch 14 and the connection terminal 54.
- An identically constructed second LC filter 84 is further arranged between the output switch 14 and the connecting terminal 56.
- the two LC filters 82, 84 form a bracket which optionally also surrounds further redundant switching contacts arranged in series with the output switch 14.
- the function of the safety switching device 50 is now as follows:
- the output switch 14 When the safety switching device 50 is in operation, the output switch 14 is closed, so that the machine 26 is connected to the power supply 28. The machine 26 is therefore in operation.
- the open output switch 14 represents a capacitance in the order of magnitude of approximately 1 pF.
- this capacitance essentially determines the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit 68, since the capacitances of the coupling capacitors 20, 22 are approximately 100 pF.
- the resonance frequency of the oscillating circuit 68 corresponds to the target frequency of the HF generator 16.
- the control unit 12 can compare the actual switching position of the output switch 14 with the intended target position. As a result, the switching position of the output switch 14 can be monitored.
- the circuit of the safety switching device 50 shown in FIG. 3 has proven to be particularly effective in practical tests. However, it goes without saying that the basic principle of the invention can also be implemented in other circuit variants.
Landscapes
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10146753 | 2001-09-22 | ||
DE10146753A DE10146753C1 (en) | 2001-09-22 | 2001-09-22 | Safety switching device for safely switching off an electrical consumer |
PCT/EP2002/009433 WO2003030198A1 (en) | 2001-09-22 | 2002-08-23 | Safety switch device for safe disconnection of an electric consumer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1428237A1 true EP1428237A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
EP1428237B1 EP1428237B1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=7699915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02772194A Expired - Lifetime EP1428237B1 (en) | 2001-09-22 | 2002-08-23 | Safety switch device for safe disconnection of an electric consumer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7239048B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1428237B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4067492B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE292321T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10146753C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003030198A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7610119B2 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2009-10-27 | Omron Corporation | Safety controller and system using same |
DE202008011848U1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-02-11 | Sick Ag | Optoelectronic sensor |
JP2010140803A (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-24 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Self-diagnosis method of contact |
DE102009018140A1 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-21 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Safe switching device and modular fail-safe control system |
JP2013072850A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-22 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Contact point inspection device, contact point inspection method and contact point inspection system |
JP5981766B2 (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2016-08-31 | 富士電機株式会社 | electromagnetic switch |
JP6308486B2 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2018-04-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Relay welding detector |
EP2960922B1 (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-06-14 | ALSTOM Transport Technologies | Device and method for determining a state of an electromechanical relay contact, and a system including such a device |
US9772367B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2017-09-26 | Dialog Semiconductor Inc. | Load connection detection |
JP6390454B2 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2018-09-19 | オムロン株式会社 | Relay unit and control method of relay circuit |
DE102018114425A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switching monitoring device |
DE102018217135A1 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-10-17 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Potential-free contact monitoring device for detecting the opening state of a switch |
EP3671797B1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-05-26 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Safety switch device |
DE102019205744B3 (en) | 2019-04-18 | 2020-08-06 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Method for detecting a fault current |
DE102019218919B3 (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-03-25 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Detecting a switching state of an electromechanical switching element |
DE102021124133A1 (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-23 | Hiwin Technologies Corp. | RELAY SAFETY SYSTEM AND ROBOT ARM CONTROL |
US11688573B2 (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2023-06-27 | Hiwin Technologies Corp. | Relay safety system and robotic arm controller |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5613359A (en) | 1979-07-11 | 1981-02-09 | Takashi Henmi | Keresene container from which oil can be freely supplied through lower hose only by hermetically opening and closing upper part of said container such as lid port |
JP3233675B2 (en) | 1992-03-24 | 2001-11-26 | 東洋通信機株式会社 | Contact information collection system |
JPH06331679A (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-12-02 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | Switching circuit fault detecting device |
DE69328876T2 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 2000-11-09 | The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd. | CHARGE CONTROL |
DE19960399B4 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2004-09-02 | Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electromechanical switching device |
DE19954460C2 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2002-02-28 | Pilz Gmbh & Co | Safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer, in particular an electrically driven machine, on and off |
EP1202313A1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2002-05-02 | Safecom Ag | Device for safety engineering to supervise the switching position of mechanical contacts |
-
2001
- 2001-09-22 DE DE10146753A patent/DE10146753C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-23 JP JP2003533300A patent/JP4067492B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-23 WO PCT/EP2002/009433 patent/WO2003030198A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-23 AT AT02772194T patent/ATE292321T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-23 EP EP02772194A patent/EP1428237B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-03-12 US US10/800,098 patent/US7239048B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03030198A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1428237B1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
ATE292321T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
US20040174074A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
JP2005505109A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
JP4067492B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
WO2003030198A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US7239048B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
DE10146753C1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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