EP2089892B1 - Safety switch device - Google Patents

Safety switch device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2089892B1
EP2089892B1 EP20070846559 EP07846559A EP2089892B1 EP 2089892 B1 EP2089892 B1 EP 2089892B1 EP 20070846559 EP20070846559 EP 20070846559 EP 07846559 A EP07846559 A EP 07846559A EP 2089892 B1 EP2089892 B1 EP 2089892B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
safety
circuit
safety switch
switch system
safety circuit
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EP20070846559
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2089892A1 (en
Inventor
Carl Meinherz
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Cedes AG
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Cedes AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H01H47/005—Safety control circuits therefor, e.g. chain of relays mutually monitoring each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety switch device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating a safety switch device.
  • Such relays regularly include multiple contacts. At least one contact is mechanically connected to all the others to monitor the others. Normally, the monitoring contact is "normally closed” and the normally open contacts are “normally open”. "Normally open” or “normally closed” means that in the de-energized state, this switching position is taken, ie an open or closed position is present. The monitoring contact thus always has the opposite switching position as the working contacts.
  • a monitoring contact can be used to determine if the working circuit relay is working properly. If the normally open contacts are open, the monitoring contact must be closed. Certified re-ais are regularly used, which guarantees that the normally open contacts are open when the monitoring contact is closed, and vice versa. This allows a required security level, z. B. 4 realize.
  • Another embodiment is in the European patent specification EP 0 681 310 B1 described. Parallel to two connected in series. Relay is a monitoring circuit provided. A filter circuit decouples the monitoring circuit.
  • the DE 36 42 233 A1 discloses a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load with at least one controllable switching element and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved way to reliably monitor relay without forced-guided "monitoring contact”.
  • the invention is initially based on a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load, which comprises at least one controllable switching element, in particular a relay and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the switching element.
  • the switching element is designed as a changeover switch, such that a first contact with either a second or third contact by a switching operation of the switch is electrically connected.
  • a load circuit and a safety circuit can be realized as separately operating circuits. Because a "switch" can ensure that either the safety circuit or the load circuit is closed. If the safety circuit is closed, the load circuit must be open.
  • electrical Enzkopplungsmittel are provided to decouple the safety circuit from the power supply of the load, if the power supply is switched to the safety circuit. This is realized via capacitances, whereby a high-pass effect can be achieved, which filters out DC components, eg. B. Y1 or Y2 capacitors are used. Also, an optocoupler can be used.
  • two controllable switching elements connected in series are provided.
  • the respective first contacts in the series circuit are connected together.
  • the safety circuit is only closed when both switching elements connected in series have assumed a predetermined switching state. This measure can achieve a required level of security.
  • a complete decoupling of safety circuit and load circuit can take place by means of at least two switches connected in series. Because with the switch, both poles of a load circuit can be opened, whereas two poles of a safety circuit can be closed and vice versa, so that both circuits can be operated completely independently of each other.
  • the respective second contact with the safety circuit and the respective third contact with the load is electrically connected.
  • normally closed contacts of the safety circuit and the normally open contacts of the load can be assigned to the controllable peeling elements connected in series.
  • a safety circuit and connected first and third contacts a load circuit is closed.
  • the safety circuit comprises a transmitting part and an evaluation part.
  • the transmitting part is on a contact side of the at least one switching element and the Ausweenil on the arranged on the other contact side of the at least one switching element. If the at least one switching element is de-energized and the safety circuit is connected to the "normally closed” contacts, a signal sent by the transmitting part must be able to be detected by the evaluation part in the de-energized state. In this case, the "load contact" is open. If the signal is not received by the evaluation section, the switching element, eg a change-over relay, is defective. Preferably, a suitable measure is then initiated. For two switching elements connected in series, the check is carried out accordingly.
  • the safety circuit comprises an overvoltage protection. This is particularly preferred when the safety circuit is not galvanically decoupled from the load circuit.
  • both a transmitting part of the safety circuit and an evaluation part has corresponding decoupling means or such overvoltage protection.
  • overvoltage protection z.
  • a diode such as a Zener diode or a varistor are used.
  • a control circuit which is designed to check whether two series-connected switching elements are in the de-energized state in a switching position in which the switching elements close the safety circuit.
  • the "normally closed" contacts are connected to the security circuit. Switching to the other state is preferably performed only when the safety circuit detects a closed safety circuit by two closed switching elements. Otherwise, an error signal is preferably output and / or a suitable countermeasure initiated.
  • At least two series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements are provided.
  • Series connection is preferably understood to mean a series connection of switching contacts.
  • About the respective series circuit can z. B. switched a load.
  • each series connection can be checked.
  • each series connection is part of a separate safety circuit.
  • a load circuit is formed over each series circuit.
  • two series circuits of two controllable switching elements each form part of a single safety circuit.
  • a saving of components can also be achieved in that two parallel connected series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements for the formation of a safety circuit share a detection device.
  • the detection device it is preferred if currents with different strength are driven via the parallel series circuits, whereby the detection device must detect a predetermined current in a normal operation, provided that there is no fault. If there is a deviation of a given current, it can be concluded that z. B. in a branch a short circuit, or between the branches a short circuit has occurred.
  • each controllable switching element comprises an actuator. This makes it possible to achieve a great deal of freedom with regard to possible circuit variants.
  • an actuator in each case a controllable switching element of the first and second series circuit simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 1 - 4 show in schematic block diagrams of various safety switch devices with standard relay.
  • FIG. 1 a safety switch device is shown, with two load circuits 101, 102 and two safety circuits 103, 104th
  • relay 1, 2 or 21, 22 are designed as a "switch". In order to achieve a known security level 4, it is necessary to connect two relays 1, 2 in series.
  • the monitoring will realized in that a signal of the signal source 5 (eg a pulse or another signal) is coupled in the "normally closed” state of the contacts 1b, 2b before the changeover relay 1, 2 close the normally open contacts 1a, 2a.
  • a signal of the signal source 5 eg a pulse or another signal
  • the primary purpose of the safety switch device 103 is to check whether all normally open contacts 1a, 2a are open before a corresponding control signal for closing the contacts is applied via the inputs 3, 4.
  • the signal of the signal source 5 is sent to a detection device 6. In the event that one of the contacts 1a, 2a or both are closed, no signal will reach the detection device 6. If, on the other hand, a signal is received by the detection device 6, it is certain that both relays 1, 2 are still open with respect to the normally open contacts 1a, 2a and thus work satisfactorily. Now the relays can be safely closed.
  • a connection 13, 14 is closed, for example, to put a power supply to a load.
  • a load circuit 101, 102 is thus completely separated from the safety circuit 103, 104.
  • the transmitting part of the safety circuit 103, 104 has a driver 11.
  • the detection part of the safety circuits 103, 104 is equipped with a band-pass filter 10 in order to be able to filter the corresponding signal of the signal source 5 for the detection device 6.
  • Coils 31 and 41 of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 are each connected to a coil driver 12.
  • the capacitances 7, 8 not only ensure that with time switching differences of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 a decoupling of the safety circuit 103, 104 takes place. Likewise, when a relay 1, 2, 21, 22 fails and causes a short circuit, the capacitors 7, 8 ensure that a power supply is decoupled from the monitoring electronics.
  • the described procedure has the advantage that the load circuit 101, 102 is completely disconnected from the safety circuit 103, 104 during normal operation. This is achieved by the switches 1, 2, 21, 22. It can be ensured that a test signal of the signal source 5 is never applied to the load circuit 101, 102. This can be done by the test signal of the signal source 5 is only stored if after a known switching time of the relay 1, 2, 21, 22, the switching operation is carried out safely.
  • the procedure according to the invention makes it possible to use conventional "SMD" relays which are smaller and more cost-effective than otherwise required TÜV-tested positive-guided relays with monitoring contact.
  • An order of a switching time of the relay is in particular with regard to an evaluation z. B. made by a microcontroller.
  • the controller can then check whether the signals of a safety circuit are set as specified.
  • Each relay comprises a normally open contact 1a or 2a in a load circuit 101, 101a, 102 and 102a, respectively.
  • the contacts 1c and 2c are connected to each other.
  • the contacts 1b and 2b are terminals for the safety circuit 1C3, 104.
  • the circuit comprises four relays, as two relay contact groups each belong to one relay.
  • the four relays are controlled by four coils 31, 41. In each case two relay contact groups are thus connected to a common coil 31, 41.
  • Each series connection of two relays is electrically connected to a safety circuit consisting of the driver 11 and the filter 10 and the protective elements 7 and 8 or a Matterspannuncjstik 9.
  • a peculiarity of safety circuits 103 and 104 in FIG. 2 is that in each case two Kochwachungsungszweige the signal source 5 and the detection device 6 share. As a result, components or electrical devices can be saved.
  • the signal source 5 is designed in such a way that a different current intensity is fed to a respective branch 5a, 5b. This measure allows short circuits to other units determine if in the detection device 6, the sum signal of the currents can not be determined, which would have to result from the fed individual streams in the branches 5a and 5b.
  • the two signal sources 5 in FIG. 2 in the respective branches 5a and 5b also feed different currents. If it then comes to short circuits, can be detected at the detection device 6 by determining a current through which type of fault the current to be measured in itself can not be measured. For example, a signal source in a branch 5a provides 2 mA and in branch 5b 3 mA. The other signal source 5 supplies the branch 5a with 0.8 mA and the branch 5b with 0.2 mA. Thus, the sum signals 5 mA and 1 mA must be detected at the respective detection device 6 when the monitoring path is error-free. If, on the other hand, 5.2 mA is measured at the associated detection device instead of 5 mA, there is a high degree of safety with a short circuit to the branch of the safety circuit into which 0.2 mA is fed.
  • the relays switch, for example, the relay 1, 51 with the working contacts 1a and 51a and the safety contacts 1b and 51b. In the same way then switches the relay 2, 52 with the normally open contacts 2a, 52a and the safety contacts 2b, 52b. Thus, the load circuits 101, 101a are closed.
  • the signal source can emit both a DC and AC signal.
  • an AC signal with 330 kilohertz.
  • an embodiment of the safety circuit such that two signal sources are available for a safety circuit 103, 104, wherein in each test with the two different test signals a check is made.
  • a safety circuit then also has two filters.
  • the security circuits may also be part of a bus on which digital signals are running.
  • a filter comes z.
  • a bandpass in the form of an RC network or a coil in question If it is ensured in a circuit that z. B. from the side 14 or 13 of the load circuit 101, 101a, 102, 102a certainly no disturbing signal can be coupled into the circuit can on corresponding protection elements 7, 8 or overvoltage components 9 on, the respective series connection of relays of Relay opposite side can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 3 is a variant of four series circuits of relays 1, 2; 21, 22; 51, 52; 53, 54, in which a total of two safety circuits 103 and 104 are sufficient by the series connection of the safety contacts 1b and 2b of two series circuits. Thus, components for the safety circuits can be saved.
  • each series connection of relay contacts 1b, 1c, 2c, 2b, 1c, 2c, 2b of a separate safety circuit 103 is monitored.
  • a relay each accommodated two groups of three relay contacts, z. B. in the relay 1, 51, the relay contacts 1a, 1b, 1c and 51a, 51b, 51c.
  • the relay 1, 51 has a coil 31 and a driver 12.
  • different test signals from the signal source 5 are fed.
  • different filters 10 and more filters 10 may be used.
  • a microcontroller is used for a current evaluation.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung.The invention relates to a safety switch device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating a safety switch device.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Für sicherheitsrelevante elektromechanische Schaltvorgänge, mit z.B. Relais, ist es bekannt, zwangsgeführte Kontakte einzusetzen.For safety-relevant electromechanical switching operations, with e.g. Relay, it is known to use positively driven contacts.

Solche Relais umfassen regelmäßig mehrfache Kontakte. Zumindest ein Kontakt ist mechanisch mit allen anderen verbunden, um die anderen überwachen zu können. Normalerweise ist der Überwachungskontakt "normally closed" und sind die Arbeitskontakte "normally open". "Normally open" bzw. "normally closed" bedeutet, dass im stromlosen Zustand diese Schaltposition eingenommen wird, also eine geöffnete bzw. geschlossene Stellung vorliegt. Der Überwachungskontakt hat somit immer die entgegengesetzte Schaltstellung wie die Arbeitskontakte.Such relays regularly include multiple contacts. At least one contact is mechanically connected to all the others to monitor the others. Normally, the monitoring contact is "normally closed" and the normally open contacts are "normally open". "Normally open" or "normally closed" means that in the de-energized state, this switching position is taken, ie an open or closed position is present. The monitoring contact thus always has the opposite switching position as the working contacts.

Durch einen Überwachungskontakt lässt sich feststellen, ob das Relais für den Arbeitstromkreis richtig arbeitet. Wenn die Arbeitskontakte offen sind, muss der Überwachungskontakt geschlossen sein. Es kommen regelmäßig zertifizierte Re-ais zum Einsatz, bei welchen garantiert ist, dass bei geschlossenem Überwachungskontakt die Arbeitskontakte offen sind und umgekehrt. Hierdurch lässt sich eine geforderte Sicherheitsstufe, z. B. 4 verwirklichen.A monitoring contact can be used to determine if the working circuit relay is working properly. If the normally open contacts are open, the monitoring contact must be closed. Certified re-ais are regularly used, which guarantees that the normally open contacts are open when the monitoring contact is closed, and vice versa. This allows a required security level, z. B. 4 realize.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind auch Lösungen bekannt, um Relaiskontakte zu überwachen, ohne zwangsgeführten Überwachungskontakt. In der DE 27 29 480 A1 ist ein verfahren zur Überwachung und/oder Erweiterung von Schaltanlagen mit in Reihe geschalteten Kontakten in Arbeits- oder Stromkreisen, beispielsweise für Aufbereitungsanlagen, offenbart. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird der jeweilige Schaltzustand des Kontakts mittels einer parallel geschalteten Überwachungsschaltung rückwirkungsfrei erfasst. In Abhängigkeit des Schaltzustandes wird ein Schüzz betätigt. Es ist ein Relais vorgesehen, um den Schaltkreis zu unterbrechen, damit Signale der Überwachungsschaltung den Schütz nicht beeinträchtigen. Offen bleibt bei dieser Anordnung jedoch, wie sichergestellt werden kann, dass das Relais, das die Stromversorgung abkoppelt, richtig arbeitet.Solutions are also known from the prior art for monitoring relay contacts, without positively-controlled monitoring contact. In the DE 27 29 480 A1 is a method for monitoring and / or extension of switchgear with series-connected contacts in working or electrical circuits, for example, for treatment plants, disclosed. In this embodiment, the respective switching state of the contact is detected without feedback by means of a monitoring circuit connected in parallel. Depending on the switching state, a check is actuated. A relay is provided to break the circuit so that monitoring circuit signals do not interfere with the contactor. What is left open in this arrangement, however, is how to ensure that the relay that decouples the power supply works properly.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ist in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 681 310 B1 beschrieben. Parallel zu zwei in Reihe geschalteten. Relais ist ein Überwachungsschaltkreis vorgesehen. Eine Filterschaltung entkoppelt den Überwachungsschaltkreis.Another embodiment is in the European patent specification EP 0 681 310 B1 described. Parallel to two connected in series. Relay is a monitoring circuit provided. A filter circuit decouples the monitoring circuit.

Die DE 36 42 233 A1 offenbart eine Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung zum Ein- und Ausschalten einer Stromversorgung einer Last mit wenigstens einem ansteuerbaren Schaltelement sowie einer Sicherheitsschaltung zur Überprüfung eines Schaltzustandes des Elements.The DE 36 42 233 A1 discloses a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load with at least one controllable switching element and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the element.

Das Dokument DE 39 09 613 A1 offenbart einen ganz ähnlichen Gegenstand.The document DE 39 09 613 A1 discloses a very similar subject.

Aufgabe und Vorteile der Erfindung Purpose and advantages of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Möglichkeit vorzusehen, Relais ohne zwangsgeführten "Überwachungskontakt" sicher überwachen zu können.The invention has for its object to provide an improved way to reliably monitor relay without forced-guided "monitoring contact".

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale 1 bzw. 9 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features 1 and 9, respectively.

Die Erfindung geht zunächst von einer Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung zum Ein- und Ausschalten einer Stromversorgung einer Last aus, welche wenigstens ein ansteuerbares Schaltelement, insbesondere ein Relais sowie einen Sicherheitsschaltkreis zur Überprüfung eines Schaltzustands des Schaltelements umfasst. Der Kern der Erfindung liegt darin, dass das Schaltelement als Umschalter ausgebildet ist, derart dass ein erster Kontakt entweder mit einem zweiten oder dritten Kontakt durch einen Schaltvorgang des Umschalters elektrisch verbindbar ist. Durch diese Vorgehensweise können z.B. mit einem einzigen Relais ein Laststromkreis und ein Sicherheitsschaltkreis als getrennt arbeitende Schaltkreise realisiert werden. Denn durch einen "Umschalter" kann sichergestellt werden, dass entweder der Sicherheitsschaltkreis oder der Laststromkreis geschlossen ist. Bei detaktiertem geschlossenem Sicherheitsschaltkreis muss der Laststromkreis geöffnet sein.The invention is initially based on a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load, which comprises at least one controllable switching element, in particular a relay and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the switching element. The essence of the invention is that the switching element is designed as a changeover switch, such that a first contact with either a second or third contact by a switching operation of the switch is electrically connected. By doing so, e.g. With a single relay, a load circuit and a safety circuit can be realized as separately operating circuits. Because a "switch" can ensure that either the safety circuit or the load circuit is closed. If the safety circuit is closed, the load circuit must be open.

Außerdem sind elektrische Enzkopplungsmittel vorgesehen, um die Sicherheitsschaltung von der Stromversorgung der Last zu entkoppeln, falls die Stromversorgung auf die Sicherheitsschaltung aufgeschaltet wird. Dies wird über Kapazitäten realisiert, wodurch sich eine Hochpasswirkung erzielen lässt, was Gleichanteile herausfiltert, z. B. werden Y1 oder Y2 Kondensatoren eingesetzt. Ebenfalls ist ein Optokoppler einsetzbar.In addition, electrical Enzkopplungsmittel are provided to decouple the safety circuit from the power supply of the load, if the power supply is switched to the safety circuit. This is realized via capacitances, whereby a high-pass effect can be achieved, which filters out DC components, eg. B. Y1 or Y2 capacitors are used. Also, an optocoupler can be used.

Mit einem Optokoppler lässt sich eine vollständige Potentialtrennung erzielen.With an optocoupler, a complete potential separation can be achieved.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind zwei in Serie geschaltete ansteuerbare Schaltelemente vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise sind die jeweils ersten Kontakte in der Serienschaltung miteinander verbunden. Der Sicherheitsschaltkreis ist erst dann geschlossen, wenn beide in Serie geschaltete Schaltelemente einen vorgegebenen Schaltzustand eingenommen haben. Durch diese Maßnahme lässt sich eine geforderte Sicherheitsstufe erreichen. Durch wenigstens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Umschalter kann darüber hinaus eine vollständige Entkopplung von Sicherheitsschaltkreis und Laststromkreis stattfinden. Denn mit dem Umschalter lassen sich beide Pole eines Laststromkreises öffnen, wogegen sich zwei Pole eines Sicherheitsschaltkreises schließen lassen und umgekehrt, so dass beide Schaltkreise völlig unabhängig voneinander betrieben werden können.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention , two controllable switching elements connected in series are provided. Preferably, the respective first contacts in the series circuit are connected together. The safety circuit is only closed when both switching elements connected in series have assumed a predetermined switching state. This measure can achieve a required level of security. In addition, a complete decoupling of safety circuit and load circuit can take place by means of at least two switches connected in series. Because with the switch, both poles of a load circuit can be opened, whereas two poles of a safety circuit can be closed and vice versa, so that both circuits can be operated completely independently of each other.

Vorzugsweise ist der jeweils zweite Kontakt mit dem Sicherheitsschaltkreis und der jeweils dritte Kontakt mit der Last elektrisch verbunden. Dabei könner für die in Serie geschalteten ansteuerbaren Schalzelemente beispielsweise "normally closed"-Kontakte der Sicherheitsschaltung und die "normally open"-Kontakte der Last zugeordnet werden.Preferably, the respective second contact with the safety circuit and the respective third contact with the load is electrically connected. In this case, for example, normally closed contacts of the safety circuit and the normally open contacts of the load can be assigned to the controllable peeling elements connected in series.

Vorteilhafterweise wird bei elektrisch verbundenen ersten und zweiten Kontakten ein Sicherheitsschaltkreis und mit verbundenen ersten und dritten Kontakten ein Laststromkreis geschlossen.Advantageously, in electrically connected first and second contacts a safety circuit and connected first and third contacts a load circuit is closed.

In einer überdies bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Sicherheitsschaltkreis ein Sendeteil und einen Auswerteteil. Das Sendeteil ist auf einer Kontaktseite des wenigstens einen Schaltelements und das Auswerteil auf der anderen Kontaktseite des wenigstens einen Schaltelements angeordnet. Ist das wenigstens eine Schaltelement stromlos und liegt der Sicherheitsschaltkreis an den "normally closed"-Kontakten, muss im stromlosen Zustand ein vom Sendeteil versendetes Signal vom Auswerteteil detektiert werden können. In diesem Fall ist der "Lastkontakt" offen. Wird vom Auswerteteil das Signal nicht empfangen ist das Schaltelement, z.B. ein Umschaltrelais defekt. Vorzugsweise wird dann eine geeignete Maßnahme eingeleitet. Bei zwei in Serie geschalteten Schaltelementen erfolgt die Überprüfung entsprechend.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the safety circuit comprises a transmitting part and an evaluation part. The transmitting part is on a contact side of the at least one switching element and the Auswewerteil on the arranged on the other contact side of the at least one switching element. If the at least one switching element is de-energized and the safety circuit is connected to the "normally closed" contacts, a signal sent by the transmitting part must be able to be detected by the evaluation part in the de-energized state. In this case, the "load contact" is open. If the signal is not received by the evaluation section, the switching element, eg a change-over relay, is defective. Preferably, a suitable measure is then initiated. For two switching elements connected in series, the check is carried out accordingly.

Im Weiteren ist es bevorzugt, wenn der Sicherheitsschaltkreis einen Überspannungsschutz umfasst. Dies ist besonders dann bevorzugt, wenn der Sicherheitsschaltkreis galvanisch vom Laststromkreis nicht entkoppelt ist. Vorzugsweise besitzt sowohl ein Sendeteil des Sicherheitsschaltkreises als auch ein Auswerteteil entsprechende Entkopplungsmittel bzw. einen derartigen Überspannungsschutz. Als Überspannungsschutz kann z. B. eine Spule, eine Diode, wie beispielsweise eine Zenerdiode oder ein Varistor zum Einsatz kommen.Furthermore, it is preferred if the safety circuit comprises an overvoltage protection. This is particularly preferred when the safety circuit is not galvanically decoupled from the load circuit. Preferably, both a transmitting part of the safety circuit and an evaluation part has corresponding decoupling means or such overvoltage protection. As overvoltage protection z. As a coil, a diode, such as a Zener diode or a varistor are used.

In einer außerdem vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Steuerschaltung vorgesehen, die dazu ausgebildet ist, zu prüfen, ob zwei in Serie geschaltete Schaltelemente im stromlosen Zustand in einer Schaltstellung sind, bei welcher die Schaltelemente den Sicherheitsschaltkreis schließen. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung sind die "normally closed"-Kontakte mit der Sicherheitsschaltung verbunden. Ein Umschalten in den anderen Zustand wird vorzugsweise nur dann durchgeführt, wenn die Sicherheitsschaltung einen geschlossenen Sicherheitsschaltkreis durch zwei geschlossene Schaltelemente detektiert. Anderenfalls wird vorzugsweise ein Fehlersignal ausgegeben und/oder eine geeignete Gegenmaßnahme eingeleitet.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a control circuit is provided, which is designed to check whether two series-connected switching elements are in the de-energized state in a switching position in which the switching elements close the safety circuit. In such an embodiment, the "normally closed" contacts are connected to the security circuit. Switching to the other state is preferably performed only when the safety circuit detects a closed safety circuit by two closed switching elements. Otherwise, an error signal is preferably output and / or a suitable countermeasure initiated.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind wenigstens zwei Serienschaltungen von wenigstens zwei ansteuerbaren Schaltelementen vorgesehen. Unter Serienschaltung wird vorzugsweise eine Reihenschaltung von Schaltkontakteh verstanden. Über die jeweilige Serienschaltung kann z. B. eine Last geschaltet werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements are provided. Series connection is preferably understood to mean a series connection of switching contacts. About the respective series circuit can z. B. switched a load.

Darüber hinaus ist es bevorzugt, wenn über jede Serienschaltung von mehreren Serienschaltungen ein Sicherheitsschaltkreis ausgebildet ist. Damit kann jede Serienschaltung überprüft werden. Insbesondere ist jede Serienschaltung Teil eines separaten Sicherheitsschaltkreises.Moreover, it is preferred if a safety circuit is formed over each series connection of a plurality of series circuits. Thus, each series connection can be checked. In particular, each series connection is part of a separate safety circuit.

Vorzugsweise ist über jede Serienschaltung ein Laststromkreis ausgebildet.Preferably, a load circuit is formed over each series circuit.

Um den Aufwand im Hinblick auf die Sicherheitsschaltung zu begrenzen, wird im Weiteren vorgeschlagen, dass zwei Serienschaltungen von jeweils zwei ansteuerbaren Schaltelementen den Bestandteil eines einzigen Sicherheitsschaltkreises bilden.In order to limit the effort in terms of the safety circuit, it is further proposed that two series circuits of two controllable switching elements each form part of a single safety circuit.

Eine Einsparung von Bauelementen kann auch dadurch erzielt werden, dass zwei parallel geschaltete Serienschaltungen von wenigstens zwei ansteuerbaren Schaltelementen für die Ausbildung eines Sicherheitsschaltkreises eine Detektionseinrichtung gemeinsam nutzen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es bevorzugt, wenn über die parallelen Serienschaltungen Ströme mit unterschiedlicher Stärke getrieben werden, wodurch die Detektionseinrichtung in einem Normalbetrieb einen vorgegebenen Strom erfassen muss, sofern kein Fehler vorliegt. Kommt es zu einer Abweichung einer vorgegebenen Stromstärke kann darauf geschlossen werden, dass z. B. in einem Zweig ein Kurzschluss, oder auch zwischen den Zweigen ein Kurzschluss aufgetreten ist. Durch die unterschiedlichen Stromstärken ist eine Zuordnung möglich, in welchem Zweig der parallel geschalteten Serienschaltungen ein Problem aufgetreten ist.A saving of components can also be achieved in that two parallel connected series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements for the formation of a safety circuit share a detection device. In this context, it is preferred if currents with different strength are driven via the parallel series circuits, whereby the detection device must detect a predetermined current in a normal operation, provided that there is no fault. If there is a deviation of a given current, it can be concluded that z. B. in a branch a short circuit, or between the branches a short circuit has occurred. By the Different current levels, an assignment is possible in which branch of the parallel-connected series circuits a problem has occurred.

Bei mehreren Serienschaltungen ist es im Weiteren vorteilhaft, wenn jedes ansteuerbare Schaltelement einen Betätiger umfasst. Hierdurch lässt sich eine große Freiheit im Hinblick auf mögliche Schaltungsvarianten erzielen.In the case of several series circuits, it is furthermore advantageous if each controllable switching element comprises an actuator. This makes it possible to achieve a great deal of freedom with regard to possible circuit variants.

Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass bei mehreren Serienschaltungen, abhängig von einer Schaltungsaufgabe ein Betätiger z. B. zwei ansteuerbare Schaltelemente betätigt.However, it is also conceivable that in several series circuits, depending on a circuit task, an actuator z. B. actuated two controllable switching elements.

Beispielsweise betätigt in einer Parallelschaltung einer ersten und zweiten Schaltung von wenigstens zwei ansteuerbaren Schaltelementen ein Betätiger jeweils ein ansteuerbares Schaltelement der ersten und zweiten Serienschaltung gleichzeitig.For example, actuated in a parallel connection of a first and second circuit of at least two controllable switching elements, an actuator in each case a controllable switching element of the first and second series circuit simultaneously.

Ausführungsbeispielembodiment

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachstehend anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. Die Figuren 1 - 4 zeigen in schematischen Blockdiagrammen verschiedener Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtungen mit Standardrelais.Several embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying figures. The Figures 1 - 4 show in schematic block diagrams of various safety switch devices with standard relay.

In der Figur 1 ist eine Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung dargestellt, mit zwei Laststromkreisen 101, 102 und zwei Sicherheitsschaltkreisen 103, 104.In the FIG. 1 a safety switch device is shown, with two load circuits 101, 102 and two safety circuits 103, 104th

wesentlich ist zunächst, dass Relais 1, 2 bzw. 21, 22 als "Umschalter" ausgestaltet sind. Um eine bekannte Sicherheitsstufe 4 zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, zwei Relais 1, 2 in Serie zu schalten. Die Überwachung wird dadurch realisiert, dass ein Signal der Signalquelle 5 (z.B. ein Puls oder ein anderes Signal) im "normally closed"-Zustand der Kontakte 1b, 2b eingekoppelt wird, bevor die Umschaltrelais 1, 2 die Arbeitskontakte 1a, 2a schließen.It is essential first that relay 1, 2 or 21, 22 are designed as a "switch". In order to achieve a known security level 4, it is necessary to connect two relays 1, 2 in series. The monitoring will realized in that a signal of the signal source 5 (eg a pulse or another signal) is coupled in the "normally closed" state of the contacts 1b, 2b before the changeover relay 1, 2 close the normally open contacts 1a, 2a.

In der Figur 1 sind Relais 21, 22 der zweiten Relaisanordnung für den zweiten Laststromkreis 102 in einem anderen Anschlusszustand dargestellt.In the FIG. 1 Relays 21, 22 of the second relay arrangement for the second load circuit 102 are shown in a different connection state.

Mit der Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung 103 soll zunächst das primäre Ziel verfolgt werden, zu überprüfen, ob alle Arbeitskontakte 1a, 2a offen sind, bevor über die Eingänge 3, 4 ein entsprechendes Steuersignal zum Schließen der Kontakte angelegt wird. Vor dem Schließen der Arbeitskontakte 1a, 2a wird das Signal der Signalquelle 5 zu einer Detektionseinrichtung 6 gesendet. Für den Fall, dass einer der Kontakte 1a, 2a oder beide geschlossen sind, wird kein Signal die Detektionseinrichtung 6 erreichen. Wenn dagegen ein Signal von der Detektionseinrichtung 6 empfangen wird, ist sicher, dass beide Relais 1, 2 im Hinblick auf die Arbeitskontakte 1a, 2a noch offen sind und damit einwandfrei arbeiten. Nun können die Relais sicher geschlossen werden. Damit wird eine Verbindung 13, 14 geschlossen, um beispielsweise eine Stromversorgung an eine Last zu legen. Im normalen Betriebsfall ist ein Laststromkreis 101, 102 vom Sicherheitsschaltkreis 103, 104 somit völlig separiert.The primary purpose of the safety switch device 103 is to check whether all normally open contacts 1a, 2a are open before a corresponding control signal for closing the contacts is applied via the inputs 3, 4. Before closing the normally open contacts 1a, 2a, the signal of the signal source 5 is sent to a detection device 6. In the event that one of the contacts 1a, 2a or both are closed, no signal will reach the detection device 6. If, on the other hand, a signal is received by the detection device 6, it is certain that both relays 1, 2 are still open with respect to the normally open contacts 1a, 2a and thus work satisfactorily. Now the relays can be safely closed. Thus, a connection 13, 14 is closed, for example, to put a power supply to a load. During normal operation, a load circuit 101, 102 is thus completely separated from the safety circuit 103, 104.

Allerdings wird es tatsächlich nicht gelingen, die Relais 1, 2 exakt im gleichen Moment zu schalten. Aufgrund von unterschiedlichen Signalwegen und unterschiedlichen Reaktionszeiten der Relais wird eine kurze Verbindung zwischen dem Laststromkreis 101 und dem Sicherheitsschaltkreis 103 oder zwischen 102 und 104 auftreten.However, it will actually not succeed to switch the relays 1, 2 exactly at the same moment. Due to different signal paths and different reaction times of the relays, a short connection between the load circuit 101 and the safety circuit 103 or between 102 and 104 will occur.

Um die Sicherheitsschaltkreise 103, 104 zu schützen sind Hochpassfilter, im vorliegenden Fall Kondensatoren 7, 8 vorgesehen. Außerdem ist ein Überspannungsschutz 9 in den Sicherheitsschaltkreisen 103, 104 vorhanden. Dieser kann beispielsweise mittels einer Zenerdiode oder eines Varistor realisiert sein. Das Sendeteil des Sicherheitsschaltkreises 103, 104 verfügt über einen Treiber 11. Das Detektionsteil der Sicherheitsschaltungen 103, 104 ist mit einem Bandpassfilter 10 ausgestattet, um das entsprechende Signal der Signalquelle 5 für die Detektionseinrichtung 6 filtern zu können. Spulen 31 und 41 der Relais 1, 2, 21, 22 sind jeweils mit einem Spulentreiber 12 verbunden.To protect the safety circuits 103, 104 are High-pass filter, in the present case, capacitors 7, 8 are provided. In addition, an overvoltage protection 9 in the safety circuits 103, 104 is present. This can be realized for example by means of a Zener diode or a varistor. The transmitting part of the safety circuit 103, 104 has a driver 11. The detection part of the safety circuits 103, 104 is equipped with a band-pass filter 10 in order to be able to filter the corresponding signal of the signal source 5 for the detection device 6. Coils 31 and 41 of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 are each connected to a coil driver 12.

Die Kapazitäten 7, 8 stellen nicht nur sicher, dass bei zeitlichen Schaltunterschieden der Relais 1, 2, 21, 22 eine Entkopplung des Sicherheitsschaltkreises 103, 104 stattfindet. Ebenso, wenn ein Relais 1, 2, 21, 22 ausfällt und einen Kurzschluss verursacht, stellen die Kondensatoren 7, 8 sicher, dass eine Stromversorgung von der Überwachungselektronik entkoppelt ist.The capacitances 7, 8 not only ensure that with time switching differences of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 a decoupling of the safety circuit 103, 104 takes place. Likewise, when a relay 1, 2, 21, 22 fails and causes a short circuit, the capacitors 7, 8 ensure that a power supply is decoupled from the monitoring electronics.

Die beschriebene Vorgehensweise hat den Vorteil, dass der Laststromkreis 101, 102 vom Sicherheitsschaltkreis 103, 104 im normalen Betrieb vollständig getrennt ist. Dies wird durch die Umschalter 1, 2, 21, 22 erreicht. Es kann sichergestellt werden, dass ein Testsignal der Signalquelle 5 nie auf den Laststromkreis 101, 102 aufgeschaltet wird. Dies kann dadurch erfolgen, dass das Testsignal der Signalquelle 5 erst dann abgelegt wird, wenn nach bekannter schaltzeit der Relais 1, 2, 21, 22 der Schaltvorgang sicher ausgeführt ist.The described procedure has the advantage that the load circuit 101, 102 is completely disconnected from the safety circuit 103, 104 during normal operation. This is achieved by the switches 1, 2, 21, 22. It can be ensured that a test signal of the signal source 5 is never applied to the load circuit 101, 102. This can be done by the test signal of the signal source 5 is only stored if after a known switching time of the relay 1, 2, 21, 22, the switching operation is carried out safely.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise können herkömmliche "SMD"-Relais zur Anwendung kommen, die kleiner und kostengünstiger sind als ansonsten erforderliche TÜV-geprüfte zwangsgeführte Relais mit Überwachungskontakt.The procedure according to the invention makes it possible to use conventional "SMD" relays which are smaller and more cost-effective than otherwise required TÜV-tested positive-guided relays with monitoring contact.

Eine Reihenfolge eines Schaltzeitpunktes der Relais wird insbesondere in Bezug auf eine Auswertung z. B. durch einen Mikrokontroller vorgenommen. Der Kontroller kann dann prüfen, ob sich die Signale einer Sicherheitsschaltung wie vorgegeben einstellen.An order of a switching time of the relay is in particular with regard to an evaluation z. B. made by a microcontroller. The controller can then check whether the signals of a safety circuit are set as specified.

In den Figuren 2 - 4 sind Varianten der Verschaltung an Serienschaltungen aus Relais abgebildet.In the Figures 2-4 Variants of the interconnection are shown on series circuits from relays.

Jedes Relais umfasst einen Arbeitskontakt 1a bzw. 2a in einem Laststromkreis 101, 101a, 102 bzw. 102a. Die Kontakte 1c und 2c sind jeweils miteinander verbunden. Hingegen sind die Kontakte 1b und 2b Anschlusskontakte für den Sicherheitsschaltkreis 1C3, 104.Each relay comprises a normally open contact 1a or 2a in a load circuit 101, 101a, 102 and 102a, respectively. The contacts 1c and 2c are connected to each other. On the other hand, the contacts 1b and 2b are terminals for the safety circuit 1C3, 104.

In der variante nach Figur 2 sind zwei Parallelschaltungen von Serienschaltungen mit jeweils zwei Relaiskontaktgruppen ausgebildet. Die Schaltung umfasst vier Relais, da jeweils zwei Relaiskontaktgruppen einem Relais angehören.In the variant after FIG. 2 two parallel circuits of series circuits each having two relay contact groups are formed. The circuit comprises four relays, as two relay contact groups each belong to one relay.

Die vier Relais werden von vier Spulen 31, 41 angesteuert. Jeweils zwei Relaiskontaktgruppen liegen somit an einer gemeinsamen Spule 31, 41. Gemeinsam angesteuert werden die Relaiskontaktgruppen 1, 51; 2, 52; 21, 53; 22, 54. Jede Serienschaltung aus zwei Relais ist mit einem Sicherheitsschaltkreis bestehend aus dem Treiber 11 und dem Filter 10 sowie den Schutzelementen 7 und 8 bzw. einem Überspannuncjsschutz 9 elektrisch verbunden.The four relays are controlled by four coils 31, 41. In each case two relay contact groups are thus connected to a common coil 31, 41. The relay contact groups 1, 51; 2, 52; 21, 53; 22, 54. Each series connection of two relays is electrically connected to a safety circuit consisting of the driver 11 and the filter 10 and the protective elements 7 and 8 or a Überspannuncjsschutz 9.

Eine Besonderheit der Sicherheitsschaltkreise 103 und 104 in Figur 2 besteht darin, dass jeweils zwei überwachungszweige die Signalquelle 5 und die Detektionseinrichtung 6 gemeinsam nutzen. Hierdurch lassen sich Bauelemente bzw. elektrische Einrichtungen einsparen. Vcrzugsweise ist die Signalquelle 5 so ausgelegt, dass an einem jeweils abgehenden Zweig 5a, 5b eine unterschiedliche Stromstärke eingespeist wird. Durch diese Maßnahme lassen sich Kurzschlüsse zu anderen Einheiten ermitteln, wenn in der Detektionseinrichtung 6 nicht das Summensignal der Ströme ermittelt werden kann, das sich aus den eingespeisten Einzelströmen in die Zweige 5a und 5b ergeben müsste.A peculiarity of safety circuits 103 and 104 in FIG. 2 is that in each case two Überwachungsungszweige the signal source 5 and the detection device 6 share. As a result, components or electrical devices can be saved. Preferably, the signal source 5 is designed in such a way that a different current intensity is fed to a respective branch 5a, 5b. This measure allows short circuits to other units determine if in the detection device 6, the sum signal of the currents can not be determined, which would have to result from the fed individual streams in the branches 5a and 5b.

Um eine noch größere Sicherheit zu erhalten, ist es denkbar, dass die beiden Signalquellen 5 in Figur 2 in die jeweiligen Zweige 5a bzw. 5b ebenfalls unterschiedliche Stromstärken einspeisen. Kommt es dann zu Kurzschlüssen, lässt sich an der Detektionseinrichtung 6 durch Bestimmen einer Stromstärke erkennen, durch welche Fehlerart die an sich zu messende Stromstärke nicht gemessen werden kann. Beispielsweise liefert eine Signalquelle in einen Zweig 5a 2 mA und in den Zweig 5b 3 mA. Die andere Signalquelle 5 beaufschlagt den Zweig 5a mit 0,8 mA und den Zweig 5b mit 0,2 mA. Somit müssen an der jeweiligen Detektionseinrichtung 6 die Summensignale 5 mA bzw.1 mA festgestellt werden, wenn der Überwachungsweg fehlerfrei ist. Wird hingegen an der zugeordneten Detektionseinrichtung anstatt 5 mA 5,2 mA gemessen, liegt mit hoher Sicherheit ein Kurzschluss zu dem Zweig der Sicherheitsschaltung vor, in welchen 0,2 mA eingespeist werden.To obtain even greater security, it is conceivable that the two signal sources 5 in FIG. 2 in the respective branches 5a and 5b also feed different currents. If it then comes to short circuits, can be detected at the detection device 6 by determining a current through which type of fault the current to be measured in itself can not be measured. For example, a signal source in a branch 5a provides 2 mA and in branch 5b 3 mA. The other signal source 5 supplies the branch 5a with 0.8 mA and the branch 5b with 0.2 mA. Thus, the sum signals 5 mA and 1 mA must be detected at the respective detection device 6 when the monitoring path is error-free. If, on the other hand, 5.2 mA is measured at the associated detection device instead of 5 mA, there is a high degree of safety with a short circuit to the branch of the safety circuit into which 0.2 mA is fed.

Erst wenn die richtigen Stromstärken an der Detektionseinrichtung 6 festgestellt werden, schalten die Relais z.B. das Relais 1, 51 mit den Arbeitskontakten 1a bzw. 51a und den Sicherheitskontakten 1b bzw. 51b. In gleicher Weise schaltet dann das Relais 2, 52 mit den Arbeitskontakten 2a, 52a sowie den Sicherheitskontakten 2b, 52b. Damit werden die Laststromkreise 101, 101a geschlossen. Die Signalquelle kann sowohl ein Gleich- als auch Wechselstromsignal aussenden. Beispielsweise ein Wechselstromsignal mit 330 Kilohertz. Ebenfalls denkbar ist eine Ausgestaltung des Sicherheitsschaltkreises derart, dass zwei Signalquellen zur Verfügung stehen für einen Sicherheitsschaltkreis 103, 104, wobei bei jedem Test mit den zwei unterschiedlichen Testsignalen eine Überprüfung vorgenommen wird. Vorzugsweise weist ein solcher Sicherheitsschaltkreis dann auch zwei Filter auf. Damit ist es möglich, den Test auf zwei unterschiedliche Signale, wenn diese z.B. eine unterschiedliche Frequenz aufweisen, zeitgleich durchzuführen. Durch diese Vorgehensweise kann ausgeschlossen werden, dass ein Test positiv verläuft, weil ein Lastsignal dem Testsignal sehr ähnlich ist. Um zu überprüfen, ob ein geschaltetes Signal als Testsignal interpretiert werden kann, kann zusätzlich zunächst eine Messung ohne Testsignal vorgenommen werden. Außerdem können Signale und/oder Filter von den unterschiedlichen Sicherheitsschaltkreisen verschieden sein. Damit lassen, wie bereits oben beschrieben, Kurzschlüsse feststellen.Only when the correct current intensities are detected at the detection device 6, the relays switch, for example, the relay 1, 51 with the working contacts 1a and 51a and the safety contacts 1b and 51b. In the same way then switches the relay 2, 52 with the normally open contacts 2a, 52a and the safety contacts 2b, 52b. Thus, the load circuits 101, 101a are closed. The signal source can emit both a DC and AC signal. For example, an AC signal with 330 kilohertz. Also conceivable is an embodiment of the safety circuit such that two signal sources are available for a safety circuit 103, 104, wherein in each test with the two different test signals a check is made. Preferably, such a safety circuit then also has two filters. This makes it possible to carry out the test on two different signals, if they have, for example, a different frequency, at the same time. By doing so, it can be ruled out that a test is positive because a load signal is very similar to the test signal. In order to check whether a switched signal can be interpreted as a test signal, a measurement without a test signal can additionally be made first. In addition, signals and / or filters may be different from the different security circuits. This can, as already described above, determine short circuits.

Die Sicherheitsschaltkreise können beispielsweise auch Teil eines Busses sein, auf welchem digitale Signale laufen. Als Filter kommt z. B. ein Bandpass in Form eines RC-Netzwerkes oder einer Spule in Frage. Wenn in einer Schaltung sichergestellt ist, dass z. B. von der Seite 14 bzw. 13 des Laststromkreises 101, 101a, 102, 102a mit Sicherheit kein störendes Signal in die Schaltung eingekoppelt werden kann, kann auf entsprechende Schutzelemente 7, 8 bzw. Überspannungsbauteile 9 auf der, der jeweiligen Serienschaltung von Relais von Relais gegenüberliegenden Seite verzichtet werden.For example, the security circuits may also be part of a bus on which digital signals are running. As a filter comes z. As a bandpass in the form of an RC network or a coil in question. If it is ensured in a circuit that z. B. from the side 14 or 13 of the load circuit 101, 101a, 102, 102a certainly no disturbing signal can be coupled into the circuit can on corresponding protection elements 7, 8 or overvoltage components 9 on, the respective series connection of relays of Relay opposite side can be dispensed with.

Figur 3 ist eine Variante von vier Serienschaltungen von Relais 1, 2; 21, 22; 51, 52; 53, 54, bei welcher durch die Hintereinanderschaltung der Sicherheitskontakte 1b bzw. 2b von jeweils zwei Serienschaltungen insgesamt zwei Sicherheitsschaltkreise 103 und 104 ausreichen. Somit lassen sich Bauelemente für die Sicherheitsschaltkreise einsparen. FIG. 3 is a variant of four series circuits of relays 1, 2; 21, 22; 51, 52; 53, 54, in which a total of two safety circuits 103 and 104 are sufficient by the series connection of the safety contacts 1b and 2b of two series circuits. Thus, components for the safety circuits can be saved.

In Figur 4 ist der Fall gezeigt, welchem jede Serienschaltung von Relaiskontakten 1b, 1c, 2c, 2b, 1c, 2c, 2b von einem separaten Sicherheitsschaltkreis 103 überwacht wird. Allerdings sind einem Relais jeweils zwei Gruppen von drei Relaiskontakten untergebracht, z. B. im Relais 1, 51 die Relaiskontakte 1a, 1b, 1c bzw. 51a, 51b, 51c. Das Relais 1, 51 hat eine Spule 31 und einen Treiber 12.In FIG. 4 the case is shown in which each series connection of relay contacts 1b, 1c, 2c, 2b, 1c, 2c, 2b of a separate safety circuit 103 is monitored. However, a relay each accommodated two groups of three relay contacts, z. B. in the relay 1, 51, the relay contacts 1a, 1b, 1c and 51a, 51b, 51c. The relay 1, 51 has a coil 31 and a driver 12.

In allen Ausführungsbeispielen können wie zu Figur 2 ausführlich beschrieben, unterschiedliche Testsignale von der Signalquelle 5 eingespeist werden. Auch können unterschiedliche Filter 10 bzw. mehrere Filter 10 zur Anwendung kommen. Beispielsweise wird für eine Stromauswertung ein Mikrokontroller eingesetzt.In all embodiments, how to FIG. 2 described in detail, different test signals from the signal source 5 are fed. Also, different filters 10 and more filters 10 may be used. For example, a microcontroller is used for a current evaluation.

Claims (15)

  1. Safety switch system for turning on and off a power supply of a load with at least one controllable switching element (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54), in particular a relay, and a safety circuit (103, 104) to verify a switching state of the switching element, whereby the switching element (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) is configured as a toggle, such that a first contact (1c, 2c,) is electrically connected either with a second (1b, 2b) or a third (1a, 2a) contact by means of a switching operation, characterised in that electrical decoupling means (7, 8) in the form of a capacitor and/or an optocoupler are provided in order to decouple the safety circuit (103, 104) from the power supply of the load.
  2. Safety switch system according to claim 1, characterised in that two serially connected controllable switching elements (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) are provided.
  3. Safety switch device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the respective second contact (1b, 2b) is electrically connected with the load with the safety circuit and the respective third contact (1a, 2a).
  4. Safety circuit according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the switching elements (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) connect the first (1c, 2c) and second contacts (1b, 2b) for the safety circuit (103, 104) in a currentless state.
  5. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that, when the first or second contacts (1c, 2c, 1b, 2b,) are electrically connected, a safety circuit (103, 104) is formed, and, when the first and third contacts (1c, 2c, 1a, 2a) are electrically connected, a load circuit (101, 101a, 102, 102a) is formed.
  6. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the safety circuit comprises a transmitter and an evaluation unit, whereby the transmitter is arranged on a contact side of the at least one switching element (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54), and the evaluation unit is arranged on the other contact side of the at least one switching element.
  7. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the safety circuit (103, 104) comprises a surge protector.
  8. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that a control circuit is provided that is configured to verify whether two serially connected switching elements (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) in a currentless state are in a switching position, in which the switching elements (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) close the safety circuit (103, 104).
  9. Safety circuit according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that at least two series connections of at least two controllable switching elements (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) are provided.
  10. Safety switch system according to claim 9, characterised in that a safety circuit (103, 104) is formed via each series connection (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54).
  11. Safety switch system according to claim 9, characterised in that a load circuit (101, 102, 101 a, 102a) is formed via each series connection.
  12. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that two series connections of at least two controllable switching elements (1, 2, 53, 54, 21, 22, 51, 52) each form the component of a single safety circuit (103, 104).
  13. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that two series connections connected in parallel of at least two controllable switching elements (1, 2, 51, 52, 21, 22, 53, 54) jointly use a detection system (6) for the formation of a safety circuit.
  14. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that each controllable switching element comprises an actuator (31, 41).
  15. Safety switch system according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that, in a parallel connection of a first and second series connection of at least two controllable switching elements (1, 2, 51, 52, 21, 22, 53, 54), one actuator (31, 41) (31, 41) each actuates a controllable switching element of the first and second series connection.
EP20070846559 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Safety switch device Active EP2089892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006053397A DE102006053397A1 (en) 2006-11-10 2006-11-10 Safety switching device
PCT/EP2007/009762 WO2008055701A1 (en) 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Safety switch device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2089892A1 EP2089892A1 (en) 2009-08-19
EP2089892B1 true EP2089892B1 (en) 2013-05-01

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EP20070846559 Active EP2089892B1 (en) 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Safety switch device

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US (1) US8035942B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2089892B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101578678B (en)
DE (1) DE102006053397A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2089892T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008055701A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2089892A1 (en) 2009-08-19
US8035942B2 (en) 2011-10-11
CN101578678B (en) 2012-08-15
WO2008055701A1 (en) 2008-05-15
DK2089892T3 (en) 2013-07-29
US20090251835A1 (en) 2009-10-08
CN101578678A (en) 2009-11-11
DE102006053397A1 (en) 2008-05-15

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