EP1416127B1 - Valve for combustion engine with a shield integral with the stem - Google Patents

Valve for combustion engine with a shield integral with the stem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1416127B1
EP1416127B1 EP03292749A EP03292749A EP1416127B1 EP 1416127 B1 EP1416127 B1 EP 1416127B1 EP 03292749 A EP03292749 A EP 03292749A EP 03292749 A EP03292749 A EP 03292749A EP 1416127 B1 EP1416127 B1 EP 1416127B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
shield
valve
screen
bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03292749A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1416127A1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Crepin
Patrick Lorillon
Herbert Grazzini
David Queland De Saint Pern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0213745A external-priority patent/FR2846706B1/en
Priority claimed from FR0213744A external-priority patent/FR2846705B1/en
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1416127A1 publication Critical patent/EP1416127A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1416127B1 publication Critical patent/EP1416127B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine valve system, such as, for example, those used for motor vehicles.
  • the exhaust valves used in these engines are subjected to high thermal stresses due to the direct contact of the exhaust gases.
  • valve systems comprise a guide, placed in the cylinder head of the engine, in which slides the valve stem.
  • the end of the valve stem ends with a flared portion called a tulip.
  • the edge of the tulip, called range, abuts against the seat of the breech in the closed position of the valve.
  • the parts of the valve most exposed are the part of the valve stem outside the guide and the top of the tulip. These parts must therefore have a high thermomechanical behavior.
  • One of the solutions for limiting the thermal stress of these parts is the use of a screen that masks the portion of the rod located outside the guide to the base of the tulip.
  • This screen has the main function of limiting convective exchanges between the rod and the exhaust.
  • the material used for its realization is therefore chosen for its resistance to high temperatures, and is generally different from the material forming the guide.
  • this screen is fixed and not hooked to the valve. It can then be directly or indirectly integral with the breech or the guide.
  • the document GB-568,940 describes a valve system in which the screen is attached to the cylinder head by means of a thread, or is an integral part of the cylinder head.
  • the guide is also fixed on the guide by screwing.
  • the guide has a slightly conical end that can be inserted into force in the orifice of the screen. In this case too, the dimensional tolerances must be small in order to avoid the detachment of the screen.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a valve system comprising a guide and a screen integral with the guide, the securing of the screen being achieved by its incorporation into the material of the guide during the manufacture of the latter. It is thus no longer necessary that the manufacture of the screen meets high tolerance requirements. Furthermore, the realization of a screen secured to the guide does not require additional operations when mounting the guide in the cylinder head, compared to mounting a guide without a screen.
  • an object of the invention is an internal combustion engine valve system comprising a valve stem slidably mounted in a substantially cylindrical guide and a screen having a symmetry of revolution and surrounding the rod, at least a portion of the end of the screen being incorporated in the material forming the guide at at least a portion of the end thereof, the guide and the screen being coaxial.
  • valve assembly for an internal combustion engine intended to be used for closing off a gas exhaust duct situated in the cylinder head of the engine, said assembly comprising on the one hand a valve comprising in particular a valve stem slidably mounted in a substantially cylindrical guide and a screen having a symmetry of revolution, the latter surrounding and protecting the rod in the exhaust duct, and secondly a bore passing through the cylinder head and opening into the duct; exhaust, intended to receive the guide of the valve.
  • the bore has at its end close to the exhaust duct a housing for receiving and containing a portion of the screen inserted into the bore, and the end of the guide near the duct.
  • exhaust has a portion bearing on said portion of the screen, the housing dimensions being smaller than the dimensions of the bore and the portion of the screen.
  • the screen is thus held in place in the breech housing by the pressure of the guide and can not be unlocked.
  • the valve shown figure 1 is disposed in the cylinder head 10 of an internal combustion engine. For clarity, only the part of the cylinder head receiving the valve is shown.
  • the valve comprises a valve stem 20, of cylindrical shape, which has a tulip-shaped flared end, called tulip 22, and a part called bearing 24 located on the free edge of the tulip 22 and coming into contact with the cylinder head 10 when the valve is in the closed position.
  • the part of the bolt 10 in contact with the bearing surface 24 is called seat 12.
  • the contact between the bearing surface 24 and the seat 12 seals the valve in the closed position, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the exhaust gas passes through the cylinder head 10 through a discharge pipe 14.
  • the valve stem 20 is slidably mounted axially in a guide 30 disposed in a housing 16 of the yoke 10 provided for this purpose.
  • the guide 30 is conventionally made in the form of a hollow cylinder with an axis of revolution 32.
  • a screen 40 is fixed on the guide 30.
  • This screen 40 is located at the end 34 of the guide 30, directed towards the tulip 22. It consists of a hollow body 42 having a symmetry of revolution and surrounding the rod 20 once mounted. One end of the screen, called hook end 44, is intended to be secured to the end 34 of the guide.
  • the hook end 44 has a slightly conical shape, flaring towards the free edge of the screen.
  • the conical portion is such that its smallest diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the guide and that its largest diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the guide.
  • the hook end 44 can be fully incorporated into the thickness of the guide 30, as can be seen on the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the guide 30 is shown in dotted lines for clarity.
  • the hook end 44 On its lateral face, the hook end 44 also has a plurality of holes 46, visible on the Figures 2 and 3 . These holes 46 allow the passage of the material forming the guide 30 during the manufacture of the latter. The screen is then incorporated into the material of the guide, which has the effect of improving the cohesion.
  • the body 42 of the screen may also have a slightly conical shape flaring towards its free edge opposite the attachment end 44, allowing it to protect the valve stem during the complete cycle of the motor ( figure 1 ).
  • the dimensions of the body 42 are such that the screen is located closer to the rod 20 without touching it.
  • the largest outer diameter of the screen is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the guide, to allow the passage of the screen in the housing 16 of the yoke during assembly of the guide.
  • the realization of the screen 40 can be performed by various methods adapted to the material used and to obtain the desired shape.
  • the dimensional tolerances of the screen being high, it is not necessary to employ complex processes.
  • the material is selected to withstand high temperatures.
  • the step of producing the screen 40 comprises a step of drilling the lateral surface of the hook end 44 to form the holes 46.
  • the step of producing the guide 30 may be performed by sintering, molding or the like.
  • the screen mounting operations are limited to maintaining the screen on the mold so that the screen and the guide are coaxial.
  • the molten material forming the guide covers the attachment end 44, penetrating the holes 46.
  • the screen 40 is incorporated in the guide 30.
  • the material constituting it does not need to have a high resistance to temperature.
  • This material is chosen with a melting point sufficiently lower than that of the material forming the screen, thus, there is no risk of melting of the latter during the production of the guide.
  • the end 34 of the guide 30 directed towards the evacuation duct 14 comprises a chamfer ( figure 5 ).
  • the bore 16 of the cylinder head has a complementary shape of the guide 30, a slightly larger diameter so that the guide can be forced into the bore 16.
  • the bore 16 has a first end 17 opening on the opposite side to the exhaust duct 14 and a second end 18 opening into the exhaust duct.
  • the second end 18 has a conical shape complementary to the chamfer 34 of the guide.
  • the dimensions of the end 18 are smaller than the dimensions of the bore 16.
  • a screen 40 is arranged around the rod 20 near the guide 30.
  • It consists of a hollow body having a symmetry of revolution.
  • the hollow body comprises a first portion 44 whose conical end is complementary to the chamfers 34 and 18 of the guide and the yoke respectively.
  • the end 18 of the guide then forms a housing 18 for the portion 44 of the screen.
  • the screen is made so that the largest outer diameter of the first portion 44, corresponding to the diameter of its free edge, is greater than the diameter of the free edge of the housing 18 of the bore 16 of the cylinder head.
  • the other part 46 of the hollow body may also have a slightly conical shape flaring towards its free edge opposite the first part 44. The screen thus protects the valve stem during the complete cycle of the engine ( figure 4 ).
  • the dimensions of the body of the screen are such that it is located closer to the rod 20 without touching it ( figure 4 ).
  • the largest outer diameter of the screen is less than or substantially equal to the internal diameter of the bore, to allow the passage of the screen in the bore 16 of the cylinder head during its assembly.
  • the maximum outside diameter of the portion 46 of the screen is smaller than the minimum diameter of the housing 18 of the bore, so that only the portion 44 of the screen is retained by the housing 18 when the screen is in place.
  • the screen 40 When the screen 40 is mounted in the valve system, its portion 44 is in contact with the chamfers 34 and 18 of the guide and the yoke respectively.
  • the screen is held in place against the yoke 10 by the pressure exerted by the chamfer 34 of the guide on the inner side walls of the portion 44 of the screen.
  • the portion 46 of the screen 40 is introduced into the bore 16 on the side of the end 17.
  • the introduction is carried out in the axial direction as shown by the arrow F.
  • the screen will fall into the 18, in the lower part of the bore 16.
  • the portion 44 of the screen is housed in this housing 18, its outer side walls bearing against the walls housing.
  • Part 46 of the screen is then located in the exhaust duct 14, outside the bore 16. Due to the conical shape of the portion 44 of the screen, the latter is automatically centered and n need not be maintained when introducing the guide.
  • the guide 30 is in turn forcefully inserted into the bore 16 on the side of the end 17, the chamfer 34 being directed towards this end.
  • the guide is introduced until the contact between the guide and the screen on the one hand, and the screen and the cylinder head on the other hand, is established.
  • the choice of the angle of the cone formed by the chamfer 34, the portion 44 and the housing 18 is defined for each application.
  • the value of this angle is a compromise between different constraints: the dimensional tolerances of manufacture and machining of the guide, the screen and the cylinder head, the size of the guide in the cylinder head, the assembly type of the assembly guide / screen in the cylinder head.
  • the mounting makes it possible to accept high dimensional tolerances, the method of producing the screen can be chosen freely, thereby reducing its manufacturing cost.
  • small geometrical changes exist between the guide used in the valve according to the invention and the guide of a valve that does not include a screen, the cost of producing the guide is therefore also low.
  • valve stem 20 The mounting of the valve stem 20 is carried out in the usual manner, and will therefore not be described.
  • the screen may for example have an annular projection at the end of its portion 44, bearing against an annular projection of the bore 16 of the cylinder head.
  • the end of the guide is then pressed against the projection of the portion 44.
  • the dimensional tolerances of such an embodiment would be lower.
  • the end of the guide is inserted into the screen, conical shapes facilitating for example the centering.
  • the guide / screen assembly is then mounted in the cylinder head in the same manner as a guide without a screen. This assembly is known per se and will not be described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un système de soupape de moteur à combustion interne, tel que, par exemple, ceux utilisés pour les véhicules automobiles.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine valve system, such as, for example, those used for motor vehicles.

Les soupapes d'échappement utilisées dans ces moteurs sont soumises à de fortes sollicitations thermiques du fait du contact direct des gaz d'échappement.The exhaust valves used in these engines are subjected to high thermal stresses due to the direct contact of the exhaust gases.

Ces systèmes de soupapes comprennent un guide, placé dans la culasse du moteur, dans lequel coulisse la tige de soupape. L'extrémité de la tige de soupape se termine par une partie évasée appelée tulipe. Le bord de la tulipe, appelé portée, vient en appui contre le siège de la culasse en position fermée de la soupape.These valve systems comprise a guide, placed in the cylinder head of the engine, in which slides the valve stem. The end of the valve stem ends with a flared portion called a tulip. The edge of the tulip, called range, abuts against the seat of the breech in the closed position of the valve.

Les parties de la soupape les plus exposées sont la partie de la tige de soupape en dehors du guide et le sommet de la tulipe. Ces pièces doivent par conséquent présenter une tenue thermomécanique élevée.The parts of the valve most exposed are the part of the valve stem outside the guide and the top of the tulip. These parts must therefore have a high thermomechanical behavior.

Une des solutions pour limiter la sollicitation thermique de ces pièces est l'utilisation d'un écran qui masque la partie de la tige située en dehors du guide jusqu'à la base de la tulipe. Cet écran a pour principale fonction de limiter les échanges convectifs entre la tige et les gaz d'échappement. Le matériau utilisé pour sa réalisation est donc choisi pour sa résistance aux températures élevées, et est généralement différent du matériau formant le guide.One of the solutions for limiting the thermal stress of these parts is the use of a screen that masks the portion of the rod located outside the guide to the base of the tulip. This screen has the main function of limiting convective exchanges between the rod and the exhaust. The material used for its realization is therefore chosen for its resistance to high temperatures, and is generally different from the material forming the guide.

Afin de limiter les problèmes liés à l'inertie de la soupape, il est préférable que cet écran soit fixe et non pas accroché à la soupape. Il peut être alors directement ou indirectement solidaire de la culasse ou du guide.In order to limit the problems related to the inertia of the valve, it is preferable that this screen is fixed and not hooked to the valve. It can then be directly or indirectly integral with the breech or the guide.

Le document GB-568 940 décrit un système de soupape dans lequel l'écran est fixé sur la culasse au moyen d'un filetage, ou fait partie intégrante de la culasse. Dans le document GB-643 414 , le guide est également fixé sur le guide par vissage. Ces solutions présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter des usinages et un montage complexe du fait du manque de place, les pièces étant de faibles dimensions.The document GB-568,940 describes a valve system in which the screen is attached to the cylinder head by means of a thread, or is an integral part of the cylinder head. In the document GB-643,414 , the guide is also fixed on the guide by screwing. These solutions have the disadvantage of requiring machining and complex assembly due to lack of space, the parts being of small dimensions.

Une autre solution connue du document US-2 032 162 consiste à bloquer un écran de forme cylindrique entre la culasse et le guide. Toutefois, cette solution présente plusieurs inconvénients. Le premier est qu'il est nécessaire de maintenir l'écran pendant le montage du guide, ce qui ajoute une opération supplémentaire de montage. Le deuxième est qu'il faut également garantir une tolérance dimensionnelle faible pour assurer le maintien de l'écran. Si une tolérance est mal respectée l'écran peut se débloquer et se déplacer librement sur la tige, gênant le fonctionnement correct de la soupape.Another known solution of the document US-2,032,162 consists in blocking a cylindrical screen between the cylinder head and the guide. However, this solution has several disadvantages. The first is that it is necessary to hold the screen while editing the guide, which adds an extra editing operation. The second is that it must also ensure a low dimensional tolerance to ensure the maintenance of the screen. If a tolerance is poorly respected the screen can unblock and move freely on the rod, hindering the correct operation of the valve.

Dans un des modes de réalisation du document GB-643 414 , le guide présente une extrémité légèrement conique pouvant être insérée en force dans l'orifice de l'écran. Dans ce cas également, les tolérances dimensionnelles doivent être faibles afin d'éviter le détachement de l'écran.In one of the embodiments of the document GB-643,414 , the guide has a slightly conical end that can be inserted into force in the orifice of the screen. In this case too, the dimensional tolerances must be small in order to avoid the detachment of the screen.

L'invention vise à palier à ces inconvénients en proposant un système de soupape comportant un guide et un écran solidaire du guide, la solidarisation de l'écran étant réalisée par son incorporation dans la matière du guide lors de la fabrication de ce dernier. Il n'est ainsi plus nécessaire que la fabrication de l'écran réponde à des exigences de tolérance élevées. Par ailleurs, la réalisation d'un écran solidaire du guide ne nécessite pas d'opérations supplémentaires lors du montage du guide dans la culasse, par rapport au montage d'un guide sans écran.The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a valve system comprising a guide and a screen integral with the guide, the securing of the screen being achieved by its incorporation into the material of the guide during the manufacture of the latter. It is thus no longer necessary that the manufacture of the screen meets high tolerance requirements. Furthermore, the realization of a screen secured to the guide does not require additional operations when mounting the guide in the cylinder head, compared to mounting a guide without a screen.

A cet effet, un objet de l'invention est un système de soupape de moteur à combustion interne comportant une tige de soupape montée coulissante dans un guide sensiblement cylindrique et un écran présentant une symétrie de révolution et entourant la tige, au moins une partie de l'extrémité de l'écran étant incorporée dans la matière formant le guide au niveau d'au moins une partie de l'extrémité de ce dernier, le guide et l'écran étant coaxiaux.For this purpose, an object of the invention is an internal combustion engine valve system comprising a valve stem slidably mounted in a substantially cylindrical guide and a screen having a symmetry of revolution and surrounding the rod, at least a portion of the end of the screen being incorporated in the material forming the guide at at least a portion of the end thereof, the guide and the screen being coaxial.

Un autre objet de l'invention concerne un ensemble de soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne destiné à être utilisé pour obturer un conduit d'échappement de gaz situé dans la culasse du moteur, ledit ensemble comprenant d'une part une soupape comportant notamment une tige de soupape montée coulissante dans un guide sensiblement cylindrique et un écran présentant une symétrie de révolution, ce dernier entourant et protégeant la tige dans le conduit d'échappement, et d'autre part un alésage traversant la culasse et débouchant dans le conduit d'échappement, destiné à recevoir le guide de la soupape. Confort à l'invention, l'alésage présente à son extrémité proche du conduit d'échappement un logement destiné à recevoir et à contenir une partie de l'écran introduite dans l'alésage, et l'extrémité du guide proche du conduit d'échappement présente une partie en appui sur ladite partie de l'écran, les dimensions du logement étant plus faibles que les dimensions de l'alésage et de la partie de l'écran.Another subject of the invention relates to a valve assembly for an internal combustion engine intended to be used for closing off a gas exhaust duct situated in the cylinder head of the engine, said assembly comprising on the one hand a valve comprising in particular a valve stem slidably mounted in a substantially cylindrical guide and a screen having a symmetry of revolution, the latter surrounding and protecting the rod in the exhaust duct, and secondly a bore passing through the cylinder head and opening into the duct; exhaust, intended to receive the guide of the valve. Comfort to the invention, the bore has at its end close to the exhaust duct a housing for receiving and containing a portion of the screen inserted into the bore, and the end of the guide near the duct. exhaust has a portion bearing on said portion of the screen, the housing dimensions being smaller than the dimensions of the bore and the portion of the screen.

L'écran est ainsi maintenu en place dans le logement de la culasse par la pression du guide et ne peut se débloquer.The screen is thus held in place in the breech housing by the pressure of the guide and can not be unlocked.

L'invention est maintenant décrite en référence aux dessins annexés, non limitatifs, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une soupape en position fermée selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la soupape étant disposée dans la culasse d'un moteur ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale axiale d'un mode de réalisation de l'écran ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de côté de l'écran représenté figure 2.
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle de l'ensemble de soupape selon l'invention, en position fermée ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale de la culasse, et du guide et de l'écran de la figure 4 lors de leur montage dans la culasse.
The invention is now described with reference to the appended non-limiting drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a valve in the closed position according to one embodiment of the invention, the valve being disposed in the cylinder head of an engine;
  • the figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the screen;
  • the figure 3 is a side view of the screen shown figure 2 .
  • the figure 4 is a partial cross sectional view of the valve assembly according to the invention, in the closed position;
  • the figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the breech, and the guide and the screen of the figure 4 when mounted in the cylinder head.

La soupape représentée figure 1 est disposée dans la culasse 10 d'un moteur à combustion interne. Pour plus de clarté, seule la partie de la culasse recevant la soupape est représentée.The valve shown figure 1 is disposed in the cylinder head 10 of an internal combustion engine. For clarity, only the part of the cylinder head receiving the valve is shown.

La soupape comprend une tige de soupape 20, de forme cylindrique, qui présente une extrémité évasée en forme de tulipe, appelée tulipe 22, et une pièce appelée portée 24 située sur le bord libre de la tulipe 22 et venant en contact avec la culasse 10 lorsque la soupape est en position fermée.The valve comprises a valve stem 20, of cylindrical shape, which has a tulip-shaped flared end, called tulip 22, and a part called bearing 24 located on the free edge of the tulip 22 and coming into contact with the cylinder head 10 when the valve is in the closed position.

La partie de la culasse 10 en contact avec la portée 24, est appelée siège 12. Le contact entre la portée 24 et le siège 12 assure l'étanchéité de la soupape en position fermée, tel que représenté sur la figure 1. Lors de l'ouverture de la soupape, les gaz d'échappement traversent la culasse 10 à travers un conduit d'évacuation 14.The part of the bolt 10 in contact with the bearing surface 24 is called seat 12. The contact between the bearing surface 24 and the seat 12 seals the valve in the closed position, as shown in FIG. figure 1 . When opening the valve, the exhaust gas passes through the cylinder head 10 through a discharge pipe 14.

La tige de soupape 20 est montée coulissante axialement dans un guide 30 disposé dans un logement 16 de la culasse 10 prévu à cet effet. Le guide 30 est réalisé de manière usuelle sous la forme d'un cylindre creux d'axe de révolution 32.The valve stem 20 is slidably mounted axially in a guide 30 disposed in a housing 16 of the yoke 10 provided for this purpose. The guide 30 is conventionally made in the form of a hollow cylinder with an axis of revolution 32.

La forme et l'agencement des différents éléments cités ci-dessus sont usuels et ne seront pas décrits plus en détails.The shape and arrangement of the various elements mentioned above are common and will not be described in more detail.

Afin de protéger la tige de soupape 20 des gaz d'échappement passant dans le conduit d'échappement 14, un écran 40 est fixé sur le guide 30.In order to protect the valve stem 20 from the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust duct 14, a screen 40 is fixed on the guide 30.

Cet écran 40 est situé à l'extrémité 34 du guide 30, dirigée vers la tulipe 22. Il est constitué d'un corps creux 42 présentant une symétrie de révolution et entourant la tige 20 une fois monté. Une extrémité de l'écran, appelée extrémité d'accroche 44, est destinée à être solidarisée à l'extrémité 34 du guide.This screen 40 is located at the end 34 of the guide 30, directed towards the tulip 22. It consists of a hollow body 42 having a symmetry of revolution and surrounding the rod 20 once mounted. One end of the screen, called hook end 44, is intended to be secured to the end 34 of the guide.

L'extrémité d'accroche 44 présente une forme légèrement conique, s'évasant vers le bord libre de l'écran. La partie conique est telle que son diamètre le plus petit soit supérieur au diamètre interne du guide et que son diamètre le plus grand soit inférieur au diamètre externe du guide. Ainsi, l'extrémité d'accroche 44 peut être entièrement incorporée dans l'épaisseur du guide 30, tel que cela est visible sur les figures 1 et 2. Sur la figure 2, le guide 30 est représenté en pointillés pour plus de clarté.The hook end 44 has a slightly conical shape, flaring towards the free edge of the screen. The conical portion is such that its smallest diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the guide and that its largest diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the guide. Thus, the hook end 44 can be fully incorporated into the thickness of the guide 30, as can be seen on the Figures 1 and 2 . On the figure 2 , the guide 30 is shown in dotted lines for clarity.

Sur sa face latérale, l'extrémité d'accroche 44 présente également une pluralité de perçages 46, visibles sur les figures 2 et 3. Ces perçages 46 permettent le passage de la matière formant le guide 30 lors de la fabrication de ce dernier. L'écran est alors incorporé dans la matière du guide, ce qui a pour effet d'améliorer la cohésion.On its lateral face, the hook end 44 also has a plurality of holes 46, visible on the Figures 2 and 3 . These holes 46 allow the passage of the material forming the guide 30 during the manufacture of the latter. The screen is then incorporated into the material of the guide, which has the effect of improving the cohesion.

Le corps 42 de l'écran peut également présenter une forme légèrement conique s'évasant vers son bord libre opposé à l'extrémité d'accroche 44, lui permettant de protéger la tige de soupape pendant le cycle complet du moteur (figure 1). Les dimensions du corps 42 sont telles que l'écran soit situé au plus près de la tige 20 sans la toucher. De préférence, le diamètre externe le plus grand de l'écran est inférieur ou égal au diamètre externe du guide, afin de permettre le passage de l'écran dans le logement 16 de la culasse lors du montage du guide.The body 42 of the screen may also have a slightly conical shape flaring towards its free edge opposite the attachment end 44, allowing it to protect the valve stem during the complete cycle of the motor ( figure 1 ). The dimensions of the body 42 are such that the screen is located closer to the rod 20 without touching it. Preferably, the largest outer diameter of the screen is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the guide, to allow the passage of the screen in the housing 16 of the yoke during assembly of the guide.

Lorsque l'écran 40 et le guide 30 sont solidarisés, leurs axes de révolution sont confondus.When the screen 40 and the guide 30 are joined, their axes of revolution are merged.

Un procédé de réalisation de l'ensemble guide / écran représenté figure 1 est maintenant décrit.A method of producing the guide / screen assembly shown figure 1 is now described.

Il comprend les étapes consistant à :

  • réaliser un écran 40 présentant une symétrie de révolution et comportant une extrémité d'accroche 44 destinée à être solidarisée au guide 30;
  • réaliser un guide 30 sensiblement cylindrique de manière que l'extrémité d'accroche 44 de l'écran soit incorporée dans la matière du guide, le guide et l'écran étant coaxiaux.
It includes the steps of:
  • producing a screen 40 having a symmetry of revolution and having a hook end 44 intended to be secured to the guide 30;
  • producing a substantially cylindrical guide 30 so that the attachment end 44 of the screen is incorporated into the material of the guide, the guide and the screen being coaxial.

La réalisation de l'écran 40 peut être effectuée par des procédés variés adaptés au matériau utilisé et permettant l'obtention de la forme souhaitée. Les tolérances dimensionnelles de l'écran étant élevées, il n'est pas nécessaire d'employer des procédés complexes. Le matériau est choisi de manière à résister aux hautes températures.The realization of the screen 40 can be performed by various methods adapted to the material used and to obtain the desired shape. The dimensional tolerances of the screen being high, it is not necessary to employ complex processes. The material is selected to withstand high temperatures.

L'étape de réalisation de l'écran 40 comprend une étape de perçage de la surface latérale de l'extrémité d'accroche 44 afin de former les perçages 46.The step of producing the screen 40 comprises a step of drilling the lateral surface of the hook end 44 to form the holes 46.

L'étape de réalisation du guide 30 peut être réalisée par frittage, moulage ou autre. Par ces techniques, les opérations de montage de l'écran sont limitées au maintien de l'écran sur le moule de manière que l'écran et le guide soient coaxiaux. Ainsi, lors du chauffage du moule, la matière en fusion formant le guide recouvre l'extrémité d'accroche 44, pénétrant dans les perçages 46. Après refroidissement, l'écran 40 est incorporé au guide 30.The step of producing the guide 30 may be performed by sintering, molding or the like. By these techniques, the screen mounting operations are limited to maintaining the screen on the mold so that the screen and the guide are coaxial. Thus, during the heating of the mold, the molten material forming the guide covers the attachment end 44, penetrating the holes 46. After cooling, the screen 40 is incorporated in the guide 30.

Le guide 40 étant presque entièrement situé à l'intérieur du logement 16 de la culasse, la matière le constituant n'a pas besoin de présenter une résistance élevée à la température. Cette matière est choisie avec un point de fusion suffisamment inférieur à celui de la matière formant l'écran, ainsi, il n'y a pas de risque de fusion de ce dernier lors de la réalisation du guide.Since the guide 40 is almost entirely located inside the housing 16 of the cylinder head, the material constituting it does not need to have a high resistance to temperature. This material is chosen with a melting point sufficiently lower than that of the material forming the screen, thus, there is no risk of melting of the latter during the production of the guide.

Sur les figures 4 et 5, l'extrémité 34 du guide 30 dirigée vers le conduit d'évacuation 14 comporte un chanfrein (figure 5).On the figures 4 and 5 , the end 34 of the guide 30 directed towards the evacuation duct 14 comprises a chamfer ( figure 5 ).

L'alésage 16 de la culasse présente une forme complémentaire du guide 30, d'un diamètre légèrement supérieur afin que le guide puisse être enfoncé à force dans l'alésage 16. L'alésage 16 présente une première extrémité 17 débouchant du côté opposé au conduit d'échappement 14 et une deuxième extrémité 18 débouchant dans le conduit d'échappement. La deuxième extrémité 18 présente une forme conique complémentaire du chanfrein 34 du guide. Les dimensions de l'extrémité 18 sont inférieures aux dimensions de l'alésage 16.The bore 16 of the cylinder head has a complementary shape of the guide 30, a slightly larger diameter so that the guide can be forced into the bore 16. The bore 16 has a first end 17 opening on the opposite side to the exhaust duct 14 and a second end 18 opening into the exhaust duct. The second end 18 has a conical shape complementary to the chamfer 34 of the guide. The dimensions of the end 18 are smaller than the dimensions of the bore 16.

Afin de protéger la tige de soupape 20 des gaz d'échappement passant dans le conduit d'échappement 14, un écran 40 est disposé autour de la tige 20 à proximité du guide 30.In order to protect the valve stem 20 from the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust duct 14, a screen 40 is arranged around the rod 20 near the guide 30.

Il est constitué d'un corps creux présentant une symétrie de révolution.It consists of a hollow body having a symmetry of revolution.

Le corps creux comprend une première partie 44 dont l'extrémité conique est complémentaire des chanfreins 34 et 18 du guide et de la culasse respectivement. L'extrémité 18 du guide forme alors un logement 18 pour la partie 44 de l'écran. L'écran est réalisé de manière que le diamètre externe le plus grand de la première partie 44, correspondant au diamètre de son bord libre, soit supérieur au diamètre du bord libre du logement 18 de l'alésage 16 de la culasse. L'autre partie 46 du corps creux peut également présenter une forme légèrement conique s'évasant vers son bord libre opposé à la première partie 44. L'écran protège ainsi la tige de soupape pendant le cycle complet du moteur (figure 4). Les dimensions du corps de l'écran sont telles qu'il soit situé au plus près de la tige 20 sans la toucher (figure 4). Le diamètre externe le plus grand de l'écran est inférieur ou sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de l'alésage, afin de permettre le passage de l'écran dans l'alésage 16 de la culasse lors de son montage. De plus, le diamètre externe maximum de la partie 46 de l'écran est inférieure au diamètre minimum du logement 18 de l'alésage, de sorte que seule la partie 44 de l'écran est retenue par le logement 18 lorsque l'écran est en place.The hollow body comprises a first portion 44 whose conical end is complementary to the chamfers 34 and 18 of the guide and the yoke respectively. The end 18 of the guide then forms a housing 18 for the portion 44 of the screen. The screen is made so that the largest outer diameter of the first portion 44, corresponding to the diameter of its free edge, is greater than the diameter of the free edge of the housing 18 of the bore 16 of the cylinder head. The other part 46 of the hollow body may also have a slightly conical shape flaring towards its free edge opposite the first part 44. The screen thus protects the valve stem during the complete cycle of the engine ( figure 4 ). The dimensions of the body of the screen are such that it is located closer to the rod 20 without touching it ( figure 4 ). The largest outer diameter of the screen is less than or substantially equal to the internal diameter of the bore, to allow the passage of the screen in the bore 16 of the cylinder head during its assembly. In addition, the maximum outside diameter of the portion 46 of the screen is smaller than the minimum diameter of the housing 18 of the bore, so that only the portion 44 of the screen is retained by the housing 18 when the screen is in place.

Lorsque l'écran 40 est monté dans le système de soupape, sa partie 44 est en contact avec les chanfreins 34 et 18 du guide et de la culasse respectivement. L'écran est maintenu en place contre la culasse 10 par la pression exercée par le chanfrein 34 du guide sur les parois latérales internes de la partie 44 de l'écran.When the screen 40 is mounted in the valve system, its portion 44 is in contact with the chamfers 34 and 18 of the guide and the yoke respectively. The screen is held in place against the yoke 10 by the pressure exerted by the chamfer 34 of the guide on the inner side walls of the portion 44 of the screen.

Le montage de l'écran et du guide est maintenant décrit en détails en référence à la figure 5.The mounting of the screen and the guide is now described in detail with reference to the figure 5 .

La partie 46 de l'écran 40 est introduite dans l'alésage 16 du côté de l'extrémité 17. L'introduction est réalisée suivant la direction axiale tel que montré par la flèche F. Par gravité, l'écran va tomber dans le logement 18, dans la partie inférieure de l'alésage 16. Du fait des dimensions de l'écran et du logement 18, la partie 44 de l'écran vient se loger dans ce logement 18, ses parois latérales externes en appui contre les parois du logement. La partie 46 de l'écran est alors située dans le conduit d'échappement 14, à l'extérieur de l'alésage 16. Du fait de la forme conique de la partie 44 de l'écran, ce dernier est automatiquement centré et n'a pas besoin d'être maintenu lors de l'introduction du guide.The portion 46 of the screen 40 is introduced into the bore 16 on the side of the end 17. The introduction is carried out in the axial direction as shown by the arrow F. By gravity, the screen will fall into the 18, in the lower part of the bore 16. Due to the dimensions of the screen and the housing 18, the portion 44 of the screen is housed in this housing 18, its outer side walls bearing against the walls housing. Part 46 of the screen is then located in the exhaust duct 14, outside the bore 16. Due to the conical shape of the portion 44 of the screen, the latter is automatically centered and n need not be maintained when introducing the guide.

Une fois l'écran en place, le guide 30 est à son tour introduit à force dans l'alésage 16 du côté de l'extrémité 17, le chanfrein 34 étant dirigé vers cette extrémité. Le guide est introduit jusqu'à ce que le contact entre le guide et l'écran d'une part, et l'écran et la culasse d'autre part, soit établi.Once the screen is in place, the guide 30 is in turn forcefully inserted into the bore 16 on the side of the end 17, the chamfer 34 being directed towards this end. The guide is introduced until the contact between the guide and the screen on the one hand, and the screen and the cylinder head on the other hand, is established.

Les formes coniques en contact de ces pièces permettent d'assurer un autocentrage et une solidarisation de l'ensemble pour une tolérance dimensionnelle même élevée.The conical shapes in contact with these parts make it possible to ensure self-centering and solidification of the assembly for a high dimensional tolerance.

Le choix de l'angle du cône formé par le chanfrein 34, la partie 44 et le logement 18 est défini pour chaque application. La valeur de cet angle est un compromis entre différentes contraintes : les tolérances dimensionnelles de fabrication et d'usinage du guide, de l'écran et de la culasse, l'encombrement du guide dans la culasse, le type de montage de l'ensemble guide / écran dans la culasse.The choice of the angle of the cone formed by the chamfer 34, the portion 44 and the housing 18 is defined for each application. The value of this angle is a compromise between different constraints: the dimensional tolerances of manufacture and machining of the guide, the screen and the cylinder head, the size of the guide in the cylinder head, the assembly type of the assembly guide / screen in the cylinder head.

Etant donné que le montage permet d'accepter des tolérances dimensionnelles élevées, le procédé de réalisation de l'écran peut être choisi librement, réduisant ainsi son coût de fabrication. De plus, de faibles modifications géométriques existent entre le guide utilisé dans la soupape selon l'invention et le guide d'une soupape ne comprenant pas d'écran, le coût de réalisation du guide est donc également faible.Since the mounting makes it possible to accept high dimensional tolerances, the method of producing the screen can be chosen freely, thereby reducing its manufacturing cost. In addition, small geometrical changes exist between the guide used in the valve according to the invention and the guide of a valve that does not include a screen, the cost of producing the guide is therefore also low.

Le montage de la tige de soupape 20 est réalisée de la manière usuelle, et ne sera donc pas décrite.The mounting of the valve stem 20 is carried out in the usual manner, and will therefore not be described.

Bien entendu, d'autres modes de réalisation non représentés peuvent être envisagés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, other embodiments not shown can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention.

L'écran peut par exemple présenter une saillie annulaire à l'extrémité de sa partie 44, venant en appui contre une saillie annulaire de l'alésage 16 de la culasse. L'extrémité du guide est alors en appui contre la saillie de la partie 44. Les tolérances dimensionnelles d'une telle réalisation seraient toutefois moins élevées. Pour centrer l'écran, on peut prévoir que l'extrémité du guide soit insérée dans l'écran, des formes coniques facilitant par exemple le centrage.The screen may for example have an annular projection at the end of its portion 44, bearing against an annular projection of the bore 16 of the cylinder head. The end of the guide is then pressed against the projection of the portion 44. However, the dimensional tolerances of such an embodiment would be lower. To center the screen, it can be provided that the end of the guide is inserted into the screen, conical shapes facilitating for example the centering.

L'ensemble guide / écran est alors monté dans la culasse de la même manière qu'un guide sans écran. Ce montage est connu en soi et ne sera donc pas décrit.The guide / screen assembly is then mounted in the cylinder head in the same manner as a guide without a screen. This assembly is known per se and will not be described.

L'ensemble guide / écran réalisé selon l'invention présente les avantages suivants :

  • bonne tenue mécanique de la fixation de l'écran sur le guide ;
  • facilité de fabrication de l'ensemble ;
  • facilité de montage de l'ensemble guide / écran dans la culasse ;
  • respect des problématiques d'inertie des soupapes ;
  • impact aérodynamique faible de l'écran dans le conduit d'échappement
The guide / screen assembly produced according to the invention has the following advantages:
  • good mechanical strength of the fixing of the screen on the guide;
  • ease of manufacture of the assembly;
  • easy assembly of the guide / screen assembly in the cylinder head;
  • respect for valve inertia issues;
  • low aerodynamic impact of the screen in the exhaust duct

Claims (13)

  1. Internal combustion engine valve system comprising a valve stem (20), which is mounted so that it can slide in a substantially cylindrical guide (30), and a shield (40) having symmetry of revolution and surrounding the stem (20), characterized in that at least part of the end of the shield is incorporated into the material forming the guide over at least part of the end (34) of this guide, the guide and the shield being coaxial.
  2. Valve system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the end of the shield incorporated into the guide comprises an attachment end (44) designed to promote cohesion between the material of the guide (30) and the shield (40).
  3. Valve system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the attachment end (44) has irregularities over at least part of its internal and/or external lateral faces.
  4. Valve system according to Claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that the attachment end (44) has a plurality of apertures (46) over its lateral surface.
  5. Valve system according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the attachment end (44) has a conical shape.
  6. Valve system according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the dimensions of the attachment end (44), transversely to its axis of revolution, are smaller than the external diameter of the guide (30) and larger than the internal diameter of the guide.
  7. Valve system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shield (40) is made of a heat-resistant material, the guide (30) being made of a material which has a melting point below that of the material forming the shield.
  8. Valve system according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the largest external diameter of the shield (40) is smaller than or equal to the external diameter of the guide (30).
  9. Valve assembly for an internal combustion engine that is intended to be used to close off a gas exhaust passage (14) situated in the cylinder head (10) of the engine, the said assembly comprising, on the one hand, a valve comprising a valve stem (20), which is mounted so that it can slide in a substantially cylindrical guide (30), and a shield (40) having symmetry of revolution, this shield surrounding and protecting the stem in the exhaust passage (14), and, on the other hand, a bore (16) passing through the cylinder head and opening into the exhaust passage (14), this bore being intended to receive the guide (30) of the valve, characterized in that the bore (16) has, at its end near the exhaust passage, a housing (18) intended to receive and to contain a part (44) of the shield introduced into the bore (16), and in that the end of the guide (30) near the exhaust passage has a part (34) bearing on the said part (44) of the shield, the dimensions of the housing (18) being smaller than the dimensions of the bore (16) and of the part (44) of the shield.
  10. Valve assembly according to Claim 9, characterized in that the part (44) of the shield and the housing (18) of the bore have complementary conical shapes.
  11. Valve assembly according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the part (34) of the guide bearing on the part (44) of the shield has a shape which is complementary with the latter.
  12. Valve assembly according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the largest external diameter of the shield (40) is smaller than or equal to the external diameter of the guide (30).
  13. Valve assembly according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the largest external diameter of the part (46) of the shield surrounding the stem is smaller than the smallest internal diameter of the housing (18) of the bore (16).
EP03292749A 2002-11-04 2003-11-04 Valve for combustion engine with a shield integral with the stem Expired - Fee Related EP1416127B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0213745A FR2846706B1 (en) 2002-11-04 2002-11-04 VALVE ASSEMBLY FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR0213744A FR2846705B1 (en) 2002-11-04 2002-11-04 VALVE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRISING A GUIDE SCREEN
FR0213744 2002-11-04
FR0213745 2002-11-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1416127A1 EP1416127A1 (en) 2004-05-06
EP1416127B1 true EP1416127B1 (en) 2008-03-12

Family

ID=32095135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03292749A Expired - Fee Related EP1416127B1 (en) 2002-11-04 2003-11-04 Valve for combustion engine with a shield integral with the stem

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1416127B1 (en)
DE (1) DE60319650T2 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032162A (en) * 1933-04-10 1936-02-25 Z Flex Piston Ring Corp Internal combustion engine valve
GB568940A (en) * 1943-10-22 1945-04-26 Austin Motor Co Ltd Improvements relating to exhaust valves of the poppet valve type of internal combustion engines
GB643414A (en) * 1948-04-02 1950-09-20 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to valve guides for internal combustion engines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1416127A1 (en) 2004-05-06
DE60319650T2 (en) 2009-04-02
DE60319650D1 (en) 2008-04-24

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