EP1402546B1 - Electrodynamic linear drive - Google Patents

Electrodynamic linear drive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1402546B1
EP1402546B1 EP02742816A EP02742816A EP1402546B1 EP 1402546 B1 EP1402546 B1 EP 1402546B1 EP 02742816 A EP02742816 A EP 02742816A EP 02742816 A EP02742816 A EP 02742816A EP 1402546 B1 EP1402546 B1 EP 1402546B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
auxiliary
linear drive
capacitor
magnetic field
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EP02742816A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1402546A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Mascher
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrodynamic linear drive, in particular drive for an electrical switch, in which a magnetically active part of a magnetic field generated by a current-carrying coil is movable, wherein in addition to the coil, an auxiliary coil is provided.
  • An electrodynamic linear drive is for example from the published patent application DE 199 29 572 A1 known.
  • the local linear drive has a coil which generates a magnetic field during a current flow through the coil turns.
  • the magnetic field extends in its interior in the axial direction of the coil.
  • a movable armature has a magnetically active part.
  • the armature and the magnetically active part are exclusively movable perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the magnetically active part In interaction with the magnetic field that can be generated by the coil, the magnetically active part can be transferred along a movement path from one end position into another end position.
  • the anchor is driven impulsively. Regardless of the starting position of the magnetically active part of this is accelerated towards the coil center.
  • the present invention has the object, an electro-dynamic drive of the type mentioned in such a way that the movement of the magnetically active part is better controlled.
  • auxiliary coil generates an auxiliary magnetic field for a limited period during an initial phase of the movement of the magnetically active part.
  • auxiliary coil for a limited period during an initial phase of the movement of the magnetically active part of the movement is conveniently controlled.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the coil and the auxiliary coil can be superimposed in a favorable manner, so that at the beginning of the movement, a very high driving force is available.
  • the auxiliary coil can be dispensed with a large dimensioning of the coil to produce a high initial force.
  • the design of the combination of coil and auxiliary coil different switching characteristics of such a trained electrodynamic linear drive can be generated. While at the beginning of the switch-off now a high driving force, for example, to overcome a force acting on the magnetically active part holding force of a holding device is available at the end of the movement process of the already in motion magnetically active part only a reduced effort required.
  • the coil and the auxiliary coil are part of a common winding.
  • the coil can additionally have one or more center connections. Depending on the technical conditions, one of the middle connections must then be selected and so to set the size of the auxiliary coil. If several center connections are provided, it is possible to use the same winding to form different coils and auxiliary coil combinations. Optionally, the use of the auxiliary coil can also be dispensed with. Despite various technical design variants, similar coils can be used for various linear drives.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides that the auxiliary coil is fed by an auxiliary voltage source, in particular an auxiliary capacitor.
  • auxiliary voltage source is provided to supply the auxiliary coil, the auxiliary current necessary for generating the auxiliary magnetic field can be fed independently of other voltage sources.
  • auxiliary capacitor is an auxiliary voltage source.
  • the auxiliary capacitor can be charged in a simple manner and is then available for the supply of the auxiliary coil.
  • Such a charged auxiliary capacitor can provide the necessary power to the auxiliary coil almost independently of external conditions such as an accident in a power grid or other conventional voltage source.
  • the auxiliary coil has a lower inductance than the coil.
  • the auxiliary coil has a lower inductivity, it is ensured by simple means that the auxiliary magnetic field is limited by the inductance of the auxiliary coil and the resulting small time constant only during a limited time interval is generated, which is shorter than the time interval of the magnetic field generated by the coil.
  • the auxiliary capacitor and the auxiliary coil form part of an auxiliary resonant circuit whose time constant is substantially smaller than the time constant of a main resonant circuit formed from the coil and a main capacitor.
  • the main current flowing between the main capacitor and the coil generates a magnetic field in the coil.
  • the auxiliary resonant circuit flows an auxiliary current, which generates the auxiliary magnetic field in the auxiliary coil.
  • the auxiliary resonant circuit advantageously has a smaller time constant than the main resonant circuit.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides that a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel to the auxiliary coil.
  • auxiliary magnetic field Due to the free-wheeling diode, current flow through the auxiliary coil in only one direction is permitted by very simple means. This ensures that the auxiliary magnetic field is always directed in such a way that it always has a positively reinforcing effect on the magnetic field generated by the coil. Any currents that generate an auxiliary magnetic field that by the coil generated magnetic field is directed opposite, so are blocked. Such currents occur during the second half cycle of the oscillation in the auxiliary resonant circuit.
  • the main capacitor is connected in series with a parallel circuit, of the coil on the one hand, and the auxiliary coil with an auxiliary capacitor connected in series on the other hand.
  • Such a circuit variant makes it possible to form the main capacitor and the coil as a main resonant circuit and to make the vibration behavior of the main resonant circuit so that after a predetermined number of oscillations, for example one or two oscillations, the oscillation of the main resonant circuit is automatically damped.
  • the part of the auxiliary resonant circuit formed from auxiliary coil and auxiliary capacitor has its own auxiliary voltage source and relieves the main capacitor of additional load. Furthermore, the time constant of the auxiliary resonant circuit can be adjusted by the auxiliary capacitor.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a vacuum tube 1 of a switch of medium or high voltage engineering, which has a first stationary contact piece 2 and a second, movable by means of a drive 4 contact piece 3.
  • the drive 4 has a coil 5, which generates a magnetic field 6 in the axial direction at a current flow through their turns.
  • an auxiliary coil 7 coaxial to the coil 5 is provided for generating an auxiliary magnetic field.
  • the coil 5 and the auxiliary coil 7 are embedded in a yoke body 8.
  • the yoke body 8 has a central yoke body branch 8a and a first lateral yoke body branch 8b and a second lateral yoke body branch 8c.
  • an armature 9 is movable.
  • the non-magnetic part of the armature 9 is coupled to the second movable contact piece 3.
  • the non-magnetic part of the armature 9 is associated with acting as a magnetically active part permanent magnet 10 and connected thereto.
  • the coil 5 extends the auxiliary coil 7 and the yoke body 8 respectively along two sides of the armature 9, so that an air gap forms along which the non-magnetic Part of the armature 9 with the permanent magnet 10 is movable.
  • the electrodynamic linear drive 4 is constructed mirror-symmetrically with respect to the air gap. Alternatively, the drive 4 may extend along a single side of the armature 9. In addition, other arrangements of the coil 5 and the auxiliary coil 7 with respect to the armature 9 may be provided.
  • a stationarily mounted holding device is provided.
  • This holding device consists essentially of a holding magnet 11 and a stationary with the armature 9 and the second movable contact piece 3 connected counterjoint 12 to the holding magnet 11. In the on position ( FIG.
  • the back yoke 12 By the magnetic force emanating from the holding magnet 11, the back yoke 12 is attracted thereto and thereby the second movable contact piece 3 in addition to that of the permanent magnet 10 and the first lateral yoke body branch 8b caused self-holding force against the first fixed contact piece 2 pressed. This is especially important when used in a vacuum switch.
  • the back yoke 12 In the off position, the back yoke 12 is outside of the outgoing from the holding magnet 11 magnetic field.
  • the back yoke 12 may be arranged to act as a mechanical stop for limiting the trajectory of the armature 9.
  • the in the FIG. 3 shown circuit is characterized by a very simple, consisting of a few components construction.
  • the coil 5 is arranged in a first parallel branch 13, the coil 5 is arranged.
  • the auxiliary coil 7 is arranged in a second parallel branch 14, the auxiliary coil 7 is arranged.
  • an auxiliary capacitor 15 is provided in the second parallel branch 14 in series with the auxiliary coil 7, an auxiliary capacitor 15 is provided.
  • Parallel to the auxiliary coil 7 is a freewheeling diode 16th connected.
  • a main capacitor 17 is connected in series with the first parallel branch 13 and the second parallel branch 14.
  • the main capacitor 17 and the coil 5 form a main resonant circuit.
  • the auxiliary coil 7 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 are part of an auxiliary resonant circuit.
  • the main resonant circuit and the auxiliary resonant circuit are closable and separable.
  • the inductance of the main coil 5 is greater than the inductance of the auxiliary coil 7. Due to these electrical variables, the time constant of the main resonant circuit is greater than the time constant of the auxiliary resonant circuit, that is, when the holder 18 is closed between the main capacitor 17 and the main coil 5 a current with a smaller frequency than a commutating between the auxiliary coil 7 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 current.
  • the main capacitor 17 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 are connected by a in the FIG. 3 schematically illustrated charging device 21 rechargeable.
  • the switch 18 is closed, that is, the electrodynamic drive 4 is to be put into operation, so the auxiliary capacitor 15 drives a current through the auxiliary coil 7 via the now closed circuit.
  • the magnetic field generated thereby moves the permanent magnet 10 and the associated with him Parts in the direction of the coil center. Due to the relatively small time constant, this current increases very quickly, very strongly and also decays very quickly.
  • the main capacitor 17 drives a current through the main coil 5. Due to the larger time constant, however, this current increases more slowly and to a smaller maximum than the current flowing through the auxiliary coil 7 current.
  • the polarity of the now flowing back current changes.
  • This backward flow will
  • the current flowing in the main resonant circuit also changes its polarity after its decay and thus causes a change in the polarity of the magnetic field generated by the coil 5 via the correspondingly connected freewheeling diode 16 to the auxiliary coil 7.
  • the permanent magnet 10 has already passed through the central yoke body branch 8a, so that the permanent magnet 10 which has been accelerated in the direction of the coil center is pushed out of the coil center toward one of the lateral yoke body branches 8b, 8c.
  • the choice of the electrical properties of the coil 5 and the main capacitor 17 can be made so that after a desired number of oscillations, such as a vibration of a period, by the natural damping of the main resonant circuit of the current flowing in the main resonant circuit is almost attenuated to the current O.
  • the auxiliary capacitor 15 By selecting the auxiliary capacitor 15, the peak value or the frequency of the current flowing in the auxiliary resonant circuit current is adjustable.
  • FIG. 4 the time course of the current flowing through the coil 5 and current 19 flowing through the auxiliary coil 7 current 20 is shown during a switching movement. There is a proportionality between the magnitude of the currents and the magnetic field generated in the coil 5 or the auxiliary coil 7, so that the course of the acceleration force acting on the contact piece during a switching operation can be seen directly from the diagram.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen elektrodynamischen Linearantrieb, insbesondere Antrieb für einen elektrischen Schalter, bei welchem ein magnetisch aktiver Teil von einem durch eine stromdurchflossene Spule erzeugten Magnetfeld bewegbar ist, wobei zusätzlich zu der Spule eine Hilfsspule vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to an electrodynamic linear drive, in particular drive for an electrical switch, in which a magnetically active part of a magnetic field generated by a current-carrying coil is movable, wherein in addition to the coil, an auxiliary coil is provided.

Ein elektrodynamischer Linearantrieb ist beispielsweise aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 199 29 572 A1 bekannt. Der dortige Linearantrieb weist eine Spule auf, welche bei einem Stromfluss durch die Spulenwindungen ein Magnetfeld erzeugt. Das Magnetfeld verläuft in ihrem Innern in der Axialrichtung der Spule. Ein bewegbarer Anker weist ein magnetisch aktives Teil auf. Der Anker und das magnetisch aktive Teil sind ausschließlich senkrecht zu der Axialrichtung bewegbar. In Wechselwirkung mit dem von der Spule erzeugbaren Magnetfeld ist der magnetisch aktive Teil entlang einer Bewegungsbahn von einer Endlage in eine andere Endlage überführbar. Der Anker wird impulsartig angetrieben. Unabhängig von der Startposition des magnetisch aktiven Teils wird dieses zur Spulenmitte hin beschleunigt.An electrodynamic linear drive is for example from the published patent application DE 199 29 572 A1 known. The local linear drive has a coil which generates a magnetic field during a current flow through the coil turns. The magnetic field extends in its interior in the axial direction of the coil. A movable armature has a magnetically active part. The armature and the magnetically active part are exclusively movable perpendicular to the axial direction. In interaction with the magnetic field that can be generated by the coil, the magnetically active part can be transferred along a movement path from one end position into another end position. The anchor is driven impulsively. Regardless of the starting position of the magnetically active part of this is accelerated towards the coil center.

Aus der Patentschrift US 4,510,421 ist ein Antrieb mit mehreren Spulen bekannt.From the patent US 4,510,421 is a drive with multiple coils known.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektrodynamischen Antrieb der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass die Bewegung des magnetisch aktiven Teils besser steuerbar ist.The present invention has the object, an electro-dynamic drive of the type mentioned in such a way that the movement of the magnetically active part is better controlled.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem Linearantrieb der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Hilfsspule für einen begrenzten Zeitraum während einer Anfangsphase der Bewegung des magnetisch aktiven Teiles ein Hilfsmagnetfeld erzeugt.The object is achieved in a linear drive of the aforementioned type according to the invention that the auxiliary coil generates an auxiliary magnetic field for a limited period during an initial phase of the movement of the magnetically active part.

Mit dem Einsatz einer Hilfsspule für einen begrenzten Zeitraum während einer Anfangsphase der Bewegung des magnetisch aktiven Teiles ist der Bewegungsablauf günstig steuerbar. Die von der Spule und der Hilfsspule erzeugten Magnetfelder können in günstiger Weise überlagert werden, so dass zu Beginn der Bewegung eine sehr hohe Antriebskraft zur Verfügung steht. Durch den Einsatz der Hilfsspule kann auf eine große Dimensionierung der Spule zur Erzeugung einer hohen Anfangskraft verzichtet werden. Durch die Gestaltung der Kombination von Spule und Hilfsspule sind verschiedene Schaltcharakteristiken eines derartig ausgebildeten elektrodynamischen Linearantriebes erzeugbar. Während zum Beginn der Ausschaltbewegung nunmehr eine hohe Antriebskraft, beispielsweise zum Überwinden einer auf das magnetisch aktive Teil wirkenden Haltekraft einer Haltvorrichtung zur Verfügung steht, ist zum Ende des Bewegungsvorganges des sich bereits im Bewegung befindlichen magnetisch aktiven Teiles nur ein verminderter Kraftaufwand erforderlich. Neben der Überlagerung der Magnetfelder ist es ebenfalls möglich, die von der Hilfsspule und der Spule erzeugten Magnetfelder zeitlich nacheinander wirken zu lassen.With the use of an auxiliary coil for a limited period during an initial phase of the movement of the magnetically active part of the movement is conveniently controlled. The magnetic fields generated by the coil and the auxiliary coil can be superimposed in a favorable manner, so that at the beginning of the movement, a very high driving force is available. By using the auxiliary coil can be dispensed with a large dimensioning of the coil to produce a high initial force. The design of the combination of coil and auxiliary coil different switching characteristics of such a trained electrodynamic linear drive can be generated. While at the beginning of the switch-off now a high driving force, for example, to overcome a force acting on the magnetically active part holding force of a holding device is available at the end of the movement process of the already in motion magnetically active part only a reduced effort required. In addition to the superimposition of the magnetic fields, it is also possible to have the magnetic fields generated by the auxiliary coil and the coil act sequentially in time.

Weiterhin kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, dass die Spule und die Hilfsspule Teil einer gemeinsamen Wicklung sind.Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that the coil and the auxiliary coil are part of a common winding.

Bilden Spule und Hilfsspule einen Teil einer gemeinsamen Wicklung, so ergeben sich besonders große Vorteile hinsichtlich der Fertigung eines derartigen Linearantriebes. Die Spule kann dabei neben ihren Endanschlüssen zusätzlich eine oder mehrere Mittelanschlüsse aufweisen. Je nach den technischen Gegebenheiten ist dann einer der Mittelanschlüsse auszuwählen und so die Größe der Hilfsspule festzulegen. Sind mehrere Mittelanschlüsse vorgesehen, so ist es möglich, dieselbe Wicklung zur Ausbildung verschiedener Spulen und Hilfsspulenkombinationen zu verwenden. Gegebenenfalls kann auf die Nutzung der Hilfsspule auch verzichtet werden. Trotz verschiedener technischer Ausgestaltungsvarianten können gleichartige Spulen für verschiedene Linearantriebe eingesetzt werden.Form coil and auxiliary coil part of a common winding, so there are particularly great advantages in terms the production of such a linear drive. In addition to its end connections, the coil can additionally have one or more center connections. Depending on the technical conditions, one of the middle connections must then be selected and so to set the size of the auxiliary coil. If several center connections are provided, it is possible to use the same winding to form different coils and auxiliary coil combinations. Optionally, the use of the auxiliary coil can also be dispensed with. Despite various technical design variants, similar coils can be used for various linear drives.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Hilfsspule von einer Hilfsspannungsquelle, insbesondere einem Hilfskondensator, gespeist ist.A further advantageous embodiment provides that the auxiliary coil is fed by an auxiliary voltage source, in particular an auxiliary capacitor.

Ist zur Versorgung der Hilfsspule eine Hilfsspannungsquelle vorgesehen, so kann der zur Erzeugung des Hilfsmagnetfeldes notwendige Hilfsstrom unabhängig von anderen Spannungsquellen gespeist werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz eines Hilfskondensators als Hilfsspannungsquelle. Der Hilfskondensator ist in einfacher Weise aufladbar und steht dann zur Versorgung der Hilfsspule zur Verfügung. Ein derartig aufgeladener Hilfskondensator kann der Hilfsspule nahezu unabhängig von äußeren Bedingungen, wie beispielsweise einem Störfall in einem Energieversorgungsnetz oder einer anderen herkömmlichen Spannungsquelle, die notwendige Energie zur Verfügung stellen.If an auxiliary voltage source is provided to supply the auxiliary coil, the auxiliary current necessary for generating the auxiliary magnetic field can be fed independently of other voltage sources. Particularly advantageous is the use of an auxiliary capacitor as an auxiliary voltage source. The auxiliary capacitor can be charged in a simple manner and is then available for the supply of the auxiliary coil. Such a charged auxiliary capacitor can provide the necessary power to the auxiliary coil almost independently of external conditions such as an accident in a power grid or other conventional voltage source.

Vorteilhafterweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Hilfsspule eine geringere Induktivität aufweist als die Spule.Advantageously, it can be provided that the auxiliary coil has a lower inductance than the coil.

Weist die Hilfsspule eine geringere Induktivität auf, so ist mit einfachen Mitteln sichergestellt, dass das Hilfsmagnetfeld durch die Induktivität der Hilfsspule und die sich ergebende kleine Zeitkonstante nur während eines begrenzten Zeitintervalls erzeugt ist, welches kürzer ist als das Zeitintervall des durch die Spule erzeugten Magnetfeldes.If the auxiliary coil has a lower inductivity, it is ensured by simple means that the auxiliary magnetic field is limited by the inductance of the auxiliary coil and the resulting small time constant only during a limited time interval is generated, which is shorter than the time interval of the magnetic field generated by the coil.

Weiterhin kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, dass der Hilfskondensator und die Hilfsspule einen Teil eines Hilfs-Schwingkreises bilden, dessen Zeitkonstante wesentlich kleiner ist als die Zeitkonstante eines aus der Spule und einem Hauptkondensator gebildeten Hauptschwingkreises.Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that the auxiliary capacitor and the auxiliary coil form part of an auxiliary resonant circuit whose time constant is substantially smaller than the time constant of a main resonant circuit formed from the coil and a main capacitor.

Bilden die Spule und der Hauptkondensator sowie der Hilfskondensator und die Hilfsspule Schwingkreise aus, so kann der Antrieb in sehr günstiger Weise angesteuert werden. Der zwischen Hauptkondensator und Spule fließende Hauptstrom erzeugt in der Spule ein Magnetfeld. In dem Hilfsschwingkreis fließt ein Hilfsstrom, welcher in der Hilfsspule das Hilfsmagnetfeld erzeugt. Der Hilfsschwingkreis weist vorteilhaft eine kleinere Zeitkonstante auf, als der Hauptschwingkreis. Diese beiden Magnetfelder können sich vorteilhafterweise räumlich und zeitlich überlagern oder zeitlich nacheinander erzeugt werden. Durch den Hilfskondensator ist das Zeitverhalten des Hilfsschwingkreises in einfacher Weise variierbar, so dass der zeitliche Verlauf des resultierenden Magnetfeldes leicht einstellbar ist.Form the coil and the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor and the auxiliary coil resonant circuits, so the drive can be controlled in a very favorable manner. The main current flowing between the main capacitor and the coil generates a magnetic field in the coil. In the auxiliary resonant circuit flows an auxiliary current, which generates the auxiliary magnetic field in the auxiliary coil. The auxiliary resonant circuit advantageously has a smaller time constant than the main resonant circuit. These two magnetic fields can advantageously be spatially and temporally superimposed or generated one after the other. By the auxiliary capacitor, the time behavior of the auxiliary resonant circuit is variable in a simple manner, so that the time course of the resulting magnetic field is easily adjustable.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass parallel zur Hilfsspule eine Freilaufdiode geschaltet ist.A further advantageous embodiment provides that a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel to the auxiliary coil.

Durch die Freilaufdiode wird mit sehr einfachen Mitteln ein Stromfluss durch die Hilfsspule in nur einer Richtung zugelassen. Somit ist gewährleistet, dass das Hilfsmagnetfeld stets so gerichtet ist, dass es zu dem durch die Spule erzeugten Magnetfeld stets positiv verstärkend wirkt. Etwaige Ströme, welche ein Hilfsmagnetfeld erzeugen, dass dem durch die Spule erzeugten Magnetfeld entgegengesetzt gerichtet ist, werden so gesperrt. Derartige Ströme treten während der zweiten Halbwelle der Schwingung im Hilfsschwingkreis auf.Due to the free-wheeling diode, current flow through the auxiliary coil in only one direction is permitted by very simple means. This ensures that the auxiliary magnetic field is always directed in such a way that it always has a positively reinforcing effect on the magnetic field generated by the coil. Any currents that generate an auxiliary magnetic field that by the coil generated magnetic field is directed opposite, so are blocked. Such currents occur during the second half cycle of the oscillation in the auxiliary resonant circuit.

Vorteilhafterweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass in Reihe zu einer Parallelschaltung, von der Spule einerseits und der Hilfsspule mit in Reihe vorgeschaltetem Hilfskondensator andererseits, der Hauptkondensator geschaltet ist.Advantageously, it can be provided that the main capacitor is connected in series with a parallel circuit, of the coil on the one hand, and the auxiliary coil with an auxiliary capacitor connected in series on the other hand.

Eine derartige Schaltungsvariante ermöglicht es, den Hauptkondensator und die Spule als Hauptschwingkreis auszubilden und das Schwingungsverhalten des Hauptschwingkreises so zu gestalten, dass nach einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Schwingungen, beispielsweise ein oder zwei Schwingungsvorgänge, die Schwingung des Hauptschwingkreises selbsttätig gedämpft ist. Der aus Hilfsspule und Hilfskondensator gebildete Teil des Hilfsschwingkreises verfügt über seine eigene Hilfsspannungsquelle und entlastet den Hauptkondensator von zusätzlicher Last. Weiterhin kann durch den Hilfskondensator die Zeitkonstante des Hilfsschwingkreises eingestellt werden.Such a circuit variant makes it possible to form the main capacitor and the coil as a main resonant circuit and to make the vibration behavior of the main resonant circuit so that after a predetermined number of oscillations, for example one or two oscillations, the oscillation of the main resonant circuit is automatically damped. The part of the auxiliary resonant circuit formed from auxiliary coil and auxiliary capacitor has its own auxiliary voltage source and relieves the main capacitor of additional load. Furthermore, the time constant of the auxiliary resonant circuit can be adjusted by the auxiliary capacitor.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels gezeigt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben.In the following the invention will be shown with reference to an embodiment and described in more detail below.

Dabei zeigt die

Figur 1
eine Vakuumröhre in ihrer Aus-Stellung mit einem zugehörigen elektrodynamischen Linearantrieb, die
Figur 2
eine Vakuumröhre in ihrer Ein-Stellung mit einem zugehörigen elektrodynamischen Linearantrieb, die
Figur 3
eine elektrische Schaltung zur Ansteuerung eines elektrodynamischen Linearantriebes und die
Figur 4
ein Diagramm der während eines Schaltvorganges auftretenden Ströme durch Spule und Hilfsspule in Abhängigkeit der Zeit.
It shows the
FIG. 1
a vacuum tube in its off position with an associated electrodynamic linear actuator, the
FIG. 2
a vacuum tube in its on position with an associated electrodynamic linear actuator, the
FIG. 3
an electrical circuit for controlling an electrodynamic linear drive and the
FIG. 4
a diagram of the currents occurring during a switching process by coil and auxiliary coil as a function of time.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Vakuumröhre 1 eines Schalters der Mittel- oder Hochspannungstechnik, welche ein erstes feststehendes Kontaktstück 2 sowie ein zweites, mittels eines Antriebes 4 bewegbares Kontaktstück 3, aufweist. Der Antrieb 4 weist eine Spule 5 auf, welche bei einem Stromfluss durch ihre Windungen ein Magnetfeld 6 in axialer Richtung erzeugt. Weiterhin ist zur Erzeugung eines Hilfsmagnetfeldes eine zur Spule 5 koaxiale Hilfsspule 7 vorgesehen. Zur Lenkung der magnetischen Feldlinien ist die Spule 5 sowie die Hilfsspule 7 in einen Jochkörper 8 eingebettet. Der Jochkörper 8 weist einen mittleren Jochkörperzweig 8a sowie einen ersten seitlichen Jochkörperzweig 8b und einen zweiten seitlichen Jochkörperzweig 8c auf. Senkrecht zu dem Magnetfeld 6 ist ein Anker 9 bewegbar. Der nicht-magnetische Teil des Ankers 9 ist an das zweite bewegbare Kontaktstück 3 angekoppelt. Dem nicht-magnetischen Teil des Ankers 9 ist ein als magnetisch aktiver Teil wirkender Permanentmagnet 10 zugeordnet und mit diesem verbunden. Um das erzeugte Magnetfeld 6 in günstiger Weise längs des Ankers 9 räumlich günstig zu führen, erstreckt sich die Spule 5 die Hilfsspule 7 sowie der Jochkörper 8 jeweils entlang zweier Seiten des Ankers 9, so dass sich ein Luftspalt ausbildet, entlang dessen der nicht-magnetische Teil des Ankers 9 mit dem Permanentmagnet 10 bewegbar ist. Der elektrodynamische Linearantrieb 4 ist bezüglich des Luftspaltes spiegelsymmetrisch aufgebaut.
Alternativ kann sich der Antrieb 4 auch entlang einer einzigen Seite des Ankers 9 erstrecken. Darüber hinaus können auch andere Anordnungen von der Spule 5 und der Hilfsspule 7 bezüglich des Ankers 9 vorgesehen sein.The FIG. 1 shows a vacuum tube 1 of a switch of medium or high voltage engineering, which has a first stationary contact piece 2 and a second, movable by means of a drive 4 contact piece 3. The drive 4 has a coil 5, which generates a magnetic field 6 in the axial direction at a current flow through their turns. Furthermore, an auxiliary coil 7 coaxial to the coil 5 is provided for generating an auxiliary magnetic field. For guiding the magnetic field lines, the coil 5 and the auxiliary coil 7 are embedded in a yoke body 8. The yoke body 8 has a central yoke body branch 8a and a first lateral yoke body branch 8b and a second lateral yoke body branch 8c. Perpendicular to the magnetic field 6, an armature 9 is movable. The non-magnetic part of the armature 9 is coupled to the second movable contact piece 3. The non-magnetic part of the armature 9 is associated with acting as a magnetically active part permanent magnet 10 and connected thereto. In order to guide the generated magnetic field 6 favorably along the armature 9 in a favorable manner, the coil 5 extends the auxiliary coil 7 and the yoke body 8 respectively along two sides of the armature 9, so that an air gap forms along which the non-magnetic Part of the armature 9 with the permanent magnet 10 is movable. The electrodynamic linear drive 4 is constructed mirror-symmetrically with respect to the air gap.
Alternatively, the drive 4 may extend along a single side of the armature 9. In addition, other arrangements of the coil 5 and the auxiliary coil 7 with respect to the armature 9 may be provided.

In den Endlagen des Permanentmagneten 10, welche der Ein- bzw. der Ausstellung des zweiten bewegbaren Kontaktstückes 3 entsprechen, ist der Permanentmagnet 10 aufgrund der seitlichen Jochkörperzweige 8b, 8c und der entsprechend durch den Permanentmagneten 10 erzeugten magnetischen Kräfte selbsttätig in seiner Lage gehalten. Zur Unterstützung der Haltekräfte im eingeschalteten Zustand ist eine ortsfest gelagerte Haltevorrichtung vorgesehen. Diese Haltevorrichtung besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Haltemagnet 11 und einem ortsfest mit dem Anker 9 bzw. dem zweiten bewegbaren Kontaktstück 3 verbundenen Gegenjoch 12 zum Haltemagnet 11. In der Ein-Stellung (Figur 2) der Vakuumröhre 1 befindet sich das Gegenjoch 12 im Wirkbereich des Haltemagnetes 11. Durch die von dem Haltemagnet 11 ausgehenden Magnetkräfte wird das Gegenjoch 12 von diesem angezogen und dadurch das zweite bewegbare Kontaktstück 3 zusätzlich zu der von dem Permanentmagnet 10 und dem ersten seitlichen Jochkörperzweig 8b bewirkten Selbsthaltekraft gegen das erste feststehende Kontaktstück 2 gepresst. Dies ist insbesondere bei der Anwendung in einem Vakuumschalter wichtig. In der Aus-Stellung befindet sich das Gegenjoch 12 außerhalb des von dem Haltemagnet 11 ausgehenden Magnetfeldes. Zusätzlich kann das Gegenjoch 12 so angeordnet sein, dass es als mechanischer Anschlag zum Begrenzen der Bewegungsbahn des Ankers 9 wirkt.In the end positions of the permanent magnet 10, which correspond to the on or the exhibition of the second movable contact piece 3, the permanent magnet 10 is automatically held in its position due to the lateral yoke body branches 8b, 8c and the magnetic forces generated by the corresponding permanent magnet 10 accordingly. To support the holding forces in the on state, a stationarily mounted holding device is provided. This holding device consists essentially of a holding magnet 11 and a stationary with the armature 9 and the second movable contact piece 3 connected counterjoint 12 to the holding magnet 11. In the on position ( FIG. 2 By the magnetic force emanating from the holding magnet 11, the back yoke 12 is attracted thereto and thereby the second movable contact piece 3 in addition to that of the permanent magnet 10 and the first lateral yoke body branch 8b caused self-holding force against the first fixed contact piece 2 pressed. This is especially important when used in a vacuum switch. In the off position, the back yoke 12 is outside of the outgoing from the holding magnet 11 magnetic field. In addition, the back yoke 12 may be arranged to act as a mechanical stop for limiting the trajectory of the armature 9.

Die in der Figur 3 gezeigte Schaltung zeichnet sich durch einen sehr einfachen, aus wenigen Bauelementen bestehenden Aufbau aus. In einem ersten Parallelzweig 13 ist die Spule 5 angeordnet. In einem zweiten Parallelzweig 14 ist die Hilfsspule 7 angeordnet. Weiterhin ist im zweiten Parallelzweig 14 in Reihe zu der Hilfsspule 7 ein Hilfskondensator 15 vorgesehen. Parallel zu der Hilfsspule 7 ist eine Freilaufdiode 16 geschaltet. In Reihe zu dem ersten Parallelzweig 13 und dem zweiten Parallelzweig 14 ist ein Hauptkondensator 17 geschaltet. Der Hauptkondensator 17 und die Spule 5 bilden einen Hauptschwingkreis aus. Die Hilfsspule 7 und der Hilfskondensator 15 sind Teil eines Hilfsschwingkreises. Mittels eines Schalters 18 sind der Hauptschwingkreis sowie der Hilfsschwingkreis schließbar und auftrennbar. Die Induktivität der Hauptspule 5 ist größer als die Induktivität der Hilfsspule 7. Aufgrund dieser elektrischen Größen ist die Zeitkonstante des Hauptschwingkreises größer als die Zeitkonstante des Hilfsschwingkreises, das heißt, bei geschlossenem Halter 18 pendelt zwischen dem Hauptkondensator 17 und der Hauptspule 5 ein Strom mit einer kleineren Frequenz als ein zwischen der Hilfsspule 7 und dem Hilfskondensator 15 pendelnder Strom.The in the FIG. 3 shown circuit is characterized by a very simple, consisting of a few components construction. In a first parallel branch 13, the coil 5 is arranged. In a second parallel branch 14, the auxiliary coil 7 is arranged. Furthermore, in the second parallel branch 14 in series with the auxiliary coil 7, an auxiliary capacitor 15 is provided. Parallel to the auxiliary coil 7 is a freewheeling diode 16th connected. In series with the first parallel branch 13 and the second parallel branch 14, a main capacitor 17 is connected. The main capacitor 17 and the coil 5 form a main resonant circuit. The auxiliary coil 7 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 are part of an auxiliary resonant circuit. By means of a switch 18, the main resonant circuit and the auxiliary resonant circuit are closable and separable. The inductance of the main coil 5 is greater than the inductance of the auxiliary coil 7. Due to these electrical variables, the time constant of the main resonant circuit is greater than the time constant of the auxiliary resonant circuit, that is, when the holder 18 is closed between the main capacitor 17 and the main coil 5 a current with a smaller frequency than a commutating between the auxiliary coil 7 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 current.

Der Hauptkondensator 17 sowie der Hilfskondensator 15 sind durch eine in der Figur 3 schematisch dargestellte Ladeeinrichtung 21 aufladbar. Wird nunmehr der Schalter 18 geschlossen, das heißt, der elektrodynamische Antrieb 4 soll in Betrieb gesetzt werden, so treibt der Hilfskondensator 15 über den nunmehr geschlossenen Stromkreis einen Strom durch die Hilfsspule 7. Das dabei erzeugte Magnetfeld bewegt den Permanentmagneten 10 und die mit ihm verbundenen Teile in Richtung der Spulenmitte. Aufgrund der relativ kleinen Zeitkonstante steigt dieser Strom sehr schnell, sehr stark an und klingt auch sehr schnell wieder ab. Gleichzeitig treibt der Hauptkondensator 17 einen Strom durch die Hauptspule 5. Aufgrund der größeren Zeitkonstante steigt dieser Strom jedoch langsamer und auf ein kleineres Maximum an als der durch die Hilfsspule 7 fließende Strom. Nach dem Abklingen des Stromes durch die Hilfsspule 7 und dem damit verbundenen Aufladen des Hilfskondensators 15 ändert sich die Polarität des nunmehr zurückfließenden Stromes. Dieser zurückfließende Strom wird über die entsprechend geschaltete Freilaufdiode 16 an der Hilfsspule 7 vorbeigeleitet und entlädt den Hilfskondensator 15. Der in dem Hauptschwingkreis fließende Strom wechselt nach seinem Abklingen ebenfalls seine Polarität und bewirkt damit eine Änderung der Polarität des durch die Spule 5 erzeugten Magnetfeldes. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hat der Permanentmagnet 10 bereits den mittleren Jochkörperzweig 8a passiert, so dass der bisher in Richtung der Spulenmitte beschleunigte Permanentmagnet 10 aus der Spulenmitte heraus in Richtung eines der seitlichen Jochkörperzweige 8b,8c abgestoßen wird.The main capacitor 17 and the auxiliary capacitor 15 are connected by a in the FIG. 3 schematically illustrated charging device 21 rechargeable. Now, if the switch 18 is closed, that is, the electrodynamic drive 4 is to be put into operation, so the auxiliary capacitor 15 drives a current through the auxiliary coil 7 via the now closed circuit. The magnetic field generated thereby moves the permanent magnet 10 and the associated with him Parts in the direction of the coil center. Due to the relatively small time constant, this current increases very quickly, very strongly and also decays very quickly. At the same time, the main capacitor 17 drives a current through the main coil 5. Due to the larger time constant, however, this current increases more slowly and to a smaller maximum than the current flowing through the auxiliary coil 7 current. After the decay of the current through the auxiliary coil 7 and the associated charging of the auxiliary capacitor 15, the polarity of the now flowing back current changes. This backward flow will The current flowing in the main resonant circuit also changes its polarity after its decay and thus causes a change in the polarity of the magnetic field generated by the coil 5 via the correspondingly connected freewheeling diode 16 to the auxiliary coil 7. At this time, the permanent magnet 10 has already passed through the central yoke body branch 8a, so that the permanent magnet 10 which has been accelerated in the direction of the coil center is pushed out of the coil center toward one of the lateral yoke body branches 8b, 8c.

Die Wahl der elektrischen Eigenschaften der Spule 5 sowie des Hauptkondensators 17 kann dabei so erfolgen, dass nach einer gewünschten Anzahl von Schwingungen, beispielsweise einer Schwingung von einer Periodendauer, durch die natürliche Dämpfung des Hauptschwingkreises der im Hauptschwingkreis fließende Strom nahezu auf die Stromstärke O gedämpft wird. Durch die Wahl des Hilfskondensators 15 ist der Scheitelwert bzw. die Frequenz des im Hilfsschwingkreis fließenden Stromes einstellbar.The choice of the electrical properties of the coil 5 and the main capacitor 17 can be made so that after a desired number of oscillations, such as a vibration of a period, by the natural damping of the main resonant circuit of the current flowing in the main resonant circuit is almost attenuated to the current O. , By selecting the auxiliary capacitor 15, the peak value or the frequency of the current flowing in the auxiliary resonant circuit current is adjustable.

In der Figur 4 ist der zeitliche Verlauf des durch die Spule 5 fließenden Stromes 19 und des durch die Hilfsspule 7 fließenden Stromes 20 während einer Schaltbewegung dargestellt. Zwischen dem Betrag der Ströme und dem in der Spule 5 bzw. der Hilfsspule 7 erzeugten Magnetfeld besteht eine Proportionalität, so dass aus dem Diagramm direkt der Verlauf der auf das Kontaktstück wirkenden Beschleunigungskraft während eines Schaltvorganges erkennbar ist.In the FIG. 4 the time course of the current flowing through the coil 5 and current 19 flowing through the auxiliary coil 7 current 20 is shown during a switching movement. There is a proportionality between the magnitude of the currents and the magnetic field generated in the coil 5 or the auxiliary coil 7, so that the course of the acceleration force acting on the contact piece during a switching operation can be seen directly from the diagram.

Claims (7)

  1. Electrodynamic linear drive (4), in particular a drive (4) for an electrical switch, in which a magnetically active part (10) can be moved by a magnetic field (6) which is produced by a coil (5) through which a current flows, with an auxiliary coil (7) being provided in addition to the coil (5), characterized in that the auxiliary coil produces an auxiliary magnetic field for a limited time period during an initial phase of the movement of the magnetically active part (10).
  2. Linear drive (4) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the coil (5) and the auxiliary coil (7) are part of a common winding.
  3. Linear drive (4) according to one of Claims 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the auxiliary coil (7) is fed from an auxiliary voltage source, in particular an auxiliary capacitor (15).
  4. Linear drive (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the auxiliary coil (7) has a lower inductance than the coil (5).
  5. Linear drive (4) according to one of Claims 3 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the auxiliary capacitor (15) and the auxiliary coil (7) form a part of an auxiliary resonant circuit whose time constant is considerably shorter than the time constant of a main resonant circuit which is formed from the coil (5) and a main capacitor (17).
  6. Linear drive (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    a freewheeling diode (16) is connected in parallel with the auxiliary coil (7).
  7. Linear drive (4) according to one of Claims 5 or 6,
    characterized in that
    the main capacitor (17) is connected in series with a parallel circuit with the coil (5) on one side and the auxiliary coil (7) with the series-connected auxiliary capacitor (15) on the other side.
EP02742816A 2001-07-04 2002-06-27 Electrodynamic linear drive Expired - Lifetime EP1402546B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10132553 2001-07-04
DE2001132553 DE10132553A1 (en) 2001-07-04 2001-07-04 Electrodynamic linear drive
PCT/DE2002/002434 WO2003005389A1 (en) 2001-07-04 2002-06-27 Electrodynamic linear drive

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EP1402546A1 EP1402546A1 (en) 2004-03-31
EP1402546B1 true EP1402546B1 (en) 2008-06-11

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EP02742816A Expired - Lifetime EP1402546B1 (en) 2001-07-04 2002-06-27 Electrodynamic linear drive

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10309697B3 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-02 Siemens Ag Magnetic linear drive
GB2467363A (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-04 Imra Europ S A S Uk Res Ct A linear actuator
ITMI20100310U1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-04-15 Abb Technology Ag PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT TO PRODUCE A POLAR PART
EP2407989A1 (en) 2010-07-15 2012-01-18 ABB Technology AG Method for producing a circuit-breaker pole part
EP2407990A1 (en) 2010-07-15 2012-01-18 ABB Technology AG Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part
DE102011081288B4 (en) * 2011-08-19 2019-10-02 Schneider Electric Sachsenwerk Gmbh Circuit breaker for switching medium voltage and method for operating such a circuit breaker
TW202304666A (en) 2016-12-06 2023-02-01 列支敦斯登商希爾悌股份有限公司 Electrodynamic drive
EP3578316A1 (en) 2018-06-06 2019-12-11 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Setting device
EP3578313A1 (en) 2018-06-06 2019-12-11 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Setting device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505544A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-04-07 Data Products Corp Linear motor
DE2542299C3 (en) * 1975-09-23 1982-09-02 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Linear motor for indicating and writing measuring devices
DE3225948A1 (en) 1982-07-10 1984-01-12 Krauss-Maffei AG, 8000 München LONG STATOR MAGNET
US4772841A (en) * 1986-03-08 1988-09-20 Shinko Electric Co., Ltd. Stepping motor and driving method thereof
DE19929572A1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2001-01-04 Siemens Ag Magnetic linear drive

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DE10132553A1 (en) 2003-01-23
WO2003005389A1 (en) 2003-01-16
DE50212362D1 (en) 2008-07-24

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