EP1383959B1 - Colour coding system for identifying objects - Google Patents
Colour coding system for identifying objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1383959B1 EP1383959B1 EP02712958A EP02712958A EP1383959B1 EP 1383959 B1 EP1383959 B1 EP 1383959B1 EP 02712958 A EP02712958 A EP 02712958A EP 02712958 A EP02712958 A EP 02712958A EP 1383959 B1 EP1383959 B1 EP 1383959B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- object according
- particles
- colored particles
- color
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
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- B42D2035/44—
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
- D21H21/285—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents insoluble
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
Definitions
- the invention relates to an article with a color coding for the identification of the article, in particular a document of value, and a security element applicable to the article with such a color coding.
- value document in the context of the invention banknotes, checks, stocks, tokens, identity cards, credit cards, passports and other documents as well as labels, seals, packaging or other elements for product assurance to understand.
- a value document which contains complex, green-colored particles having a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m, which contain a low-concentration, luminescent substance in the IR range. If the particles are stored in the paper volume, the concentration is between 500 g and 10,000 g per ton of paper. If the particles are printed, their concentration is 100 kg to 30 kg per ton of printing ink.
- the examination of such value documents is complex and requires the use of both a particularly intense excitation light source, for example a flash light, and an IR sensor.
- the DE-A-199 23 959 describes a value document with similarly complex color particles, which are produced by crystal formation from a plurality of molecular sieves, wherein the luminescent dye in the molecular sieves is installed. The presence or absence of one or more particles results in coding of the value document.
- luminescent color particles are stored in paper in an amount of, for example, 4,000 g per tonne of paper.
- the particle size is chosen so that the particles do not disappear in the background, but are individually recognizable during the test. Since the test takes place in the dark, a particle size of 30 to 500 .mu.m, preferably 100 to 230 .mu.m, is sufficient because of the luminescence of the particles.
- the particles are stored in the security paper or the paper is coated with it.
- the EP-A-219 743 proposes much smaller luminescent color particles with a size of 10 to 35 microns and a concentration of 1 to 15 g per ton of paper.
- the color particles consist of transparent material in which the luminescent substances are embedded. Due to their extensive transparency and their small size, the particles are not visible to the naked eye, but on UV irradiation they glow in the dark and are thus individually recognizable.
- interference pigments with a particle size of 5 to 30 microns on a colored background. If the interference pigments are applied to a substrate printed with a scattering, complementary color pigment, false colors are produced during copying, up to the invisibility of the copied interference pigments.
- the color codings proposed in the prior art are complicated by the complexity of the color particles used and correspondingly expensive to produce.
- their testing is complex because it requires at least a dark room for testing and possibly additional, expensive and possibly maintenance-prone tools, such as a UV light source and the like.
- the possibilities of producing different color codings by combining differently colored color particles are very limited.
- Object of the present invention is to provide objects, in particular securities, with a color coding available, which opens up numerous possibilities of variation at low cost and which inconspicuous, that is not readily apparent to the naked eye, but yet detectable without much effort.
- the invention is based on a combination of features which is closely related to the color particles used, namely on the one hand the “particle size” and on the other hand the “particle concentration”.
- the particle size is inventively chosen so that the individual particles are just no longer perceptible to the naked eye.
- the particle concentration is chosen so that it is not perceived by the human eye as a coloration of the product.
- Such color coding can be generated with simple color particles. It is imperceptible to the naked eye, therefore does not stand out as an authenticity or identification feature, but is still recognizable with the simplest technical aids, such as a magnifying glass or a simple microscope. In addition, an enormous variety of color coding variations can be achieved by combining differently colored particles with color shades which can be easily distinguished from one another by the human eye.
- the color perception of the human eye depends not only on the specific hue as such, but also substantially on the color saturation and the color brightness of the hue or the contrast to the background. The lower the color saturation ("luminosity of color”) and the contrast, the less perceived as coloration of the product at a given particle concentration. The same applies to the visual acuity or the resolution of the human eye. For while contrasting colors may still be perceivable or dissolvable given the particle size, less contrasting colors may not be discernable at the same particle size. It should also be borne in mind that visual acuity decreases with age as well as with visual distance.
- ranges of particle size between 1 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, in particular 10 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m, and ranges of particle concentration are, in the case of admixture of the particles in a pulp, between 10 g and 1000 g per Ton produced paper, in particular about 100 g per ton of paper produced, depending on hue, color saturation and color brightness of the particles and beyond also dependent on the particulate material. Because the required particle concentration (based on the paper pulp) also depends on whether, for example, the dyes are embedded in a transparent resin or polymer matrix or whether colored metal oxide particles are used.
- the color particles can be connected to the product in a variety of ways.
- the particles may be admixed to a printing ink, preferably in a concentration of 0.1% by weight, based on the printing ink, which is preferably white or transparent, but which may also be colored, provided that the color particles are not colored in relation to this coloring human eye can be well distinguished.
- a plastic or paper pulp is possible.
- the particles can be provided on or in a plastic carrier material, which is for example at least partially embedded in a paper pulp.
- the plastic carrier material may in this case have the form of a security thread, a mottled fiber or a planchette.
- the plastic or paper carrier material can also be attached to any other object, for example as part of product securing measures.
- the carrier material is preferably formed in this case as a label. If the carrier material is part of the object to be secured, as is the case, for example, with tear threads, it is of course also possible to use any other shaping.
- the color coding preferably comprises more than one color.
- color particles with the basic colors yellow, red, blue and possibly additional color particles with the orange hues in between To use violet, green.
- the mixed color brown and, moreover, black are suitable.
- some hues can be easily distinguished by differences in brightness, such as light blue and dark blue.
- Particles in the aforementioned colors can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner. Also easy to make, but inherently more valuable and therefore more expensive are colored particles of valuable substances such as gold, ultramarine, malachite green, garnet and the like. For high-value documents, the use of such valuable particles may be useful to reduce their counterfeit attraction, without thereby complicating the production of color coding or checking the color coding.
- a particular advantage of the invention is to be seen in the ease of manufacture of the particles, since they can be readily prepared from an inexpensive material by grinding in the desired particle size.
- the particles may be ground, selectively absorbing metal oxides, such as iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 , which appears red to the viewer, or chromium oxide, which appears green to the viewer.
- the particles may also consist of a resin, in particular a melamine resin or polyurethane resin, the organic substances with the desired hues (for example, red or green) are added.
- the melamine resin or polyurethane resin is brittle after curing and therefore easily grindable.
- polymeric materials, in particular acrylic polymers can be used as the dye carrier, provided that they are brittle and grindable.
- the particles are incorporated in the product, for example by mixing them into the pulp during papermaking, it must be ensured that the particles are insoluble in the material, which is usually the case for organic dyes in melamine resin and acrylic polymers Case is.
- the color particles used are simple, color-independent scattering color particles, which are thus based either on selective absorption or diffuse scattering.
- the color particles in the visual spectral range reflect to the human eye can be perceived without additional equipment expense, apart from a simple technical tool, such as a magnifying glass or a microscope.
- the magnification factor of these aids depends on the size of the particles used, i. the smaller the particles, the stronger the magnification factor. With particle sizes of about 50 microns and more usually a magnifying glass with 8x magnification (8x) is sufficient. For particle sizes of less than about 50 microns, especially in the range of 10 microns, however, we recommend a microscope with 100-fold magnification (100x).
- a particular embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the colored particles are combined with any machine-readable features, for example also luminescent substances which are not perceptible to the naked eye in daylight. These luminescent substances may be provided separately, but are preferably embedded together with the dyes in the resin or polymer matrix. Such particles can then be detected both with the eye and with sensors, in particular if the luminescent substances exclusively luminesce outside the visual spectral range, for example in the UV or IR spectral range. This combination is particularly advantageous if, in addition to a marking of the products, a proof of authenticity should also be possible.
- luminescent dyes it is possible to use readily available luminescent substances, but also luminescent substances developed especially for safety-related applications.
- the former luminescent substances are preferably used to increase the number of variants for color coding. Suitable are fluorescers, e.g. Distillibene derivatives with blue fluorescence or flavin resp. Flavone dyes with yellow-green fluorescence.
- the luminescent substances specially developed for safety applications are, for example, host lattices doped with rare earth elements.
- the products with the color coding for example by incorporating the particles in the volume of the product or by application to the surface, for example by printing by means of Flexoprint or by spraying by means of a device according to EP 0 659 935 B1 .
- the flexographic printing inks preferably consist of a colorless varnish with addition so little particles that the printed color does not look colorful.
- the color coding variants which can be achieved with the different color pigments can be further increased if the different color particles are present in separate, continuous stripes on or in the product.
- the papermaking was carried out identically as in Example 1.
- the stock suspension were mixed per color about 200 g of color particles per ton of paper produced.
- the color particles were made of a melamine resin to which a red organic dye was mixed to produce red color particles and a green organic dye was mixed to produce green color particles.
- the melamine resin is e.g. Maprenal VMF 3921w / 85WA (manufacturer: Vianova AG), to which 5% by weight of red or green dye, based on the amount of dry resin, is added.
- a brittle, easily grindable resin was obtained, from which the color particles (particle size about 20 ⁇ m) were obtained by grinding and added to the paper stock suspension.
- the particles were detectable with a microscope at a magnification of 100x (100x) and easily distinguishable without the paper having any noticeable coloration.
- a paper sheet of 90 g / m 2 was formed, the pulp suspension of which had been mixed with two different fluorescent particles (particle size about 20 ⁇ m) in an amount of about 200 g per ton of produced paper prior to sheet formation.
- the sheet was formed on a papermaking screen in the usual manner and dried.
- the particles were prepared from melamine resin Maprenal VMF 3921w / 85WA (manufacturer Vianova AG), to produce red color particles 5 wt .-% Nylosan Rhodamine B300, based on the dry amount of resin, and to produce colorless particles 5 wt .-% blank BA, based on the amount of dry resin was added.
- the mixture of Maprenal and Nylosan Rhodamin B300 or Blankophor BA is poured into a dish designed with polyester film and dried at 120 ° C in the oven.
- the foil is removed and the hardened mass scraped off.
- the hardened mass is then comminuted in a hammer mill and sieved through a sieve of 30 ⁇ m mesh size.
- the particle fraction that has passed through the sieve is added to the pulp suspension used for sheet formation.
- Blankophor BA visually fluoresces blue in the visible spectral region and Nylosan Rhodamine B 300 fluoresces red in the visible spectral region.
- Nylosan Rhodamine B300 has a red body color in the visible spectral range. The particles were detectable with a microscope at a magnification of 100x (100x) and easily distinguishable without the paper having any noticeable coloration.
- a pulp suspension for example, a suspension of 100 g of pine sulfate pulp in 5 liters of water 10 mg Ultramarine (blue, particle size approx. 40 ⁇ m) 20 mg Iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 (red, particle size approx. 30 ⁇ m) 20 mg Blankophor BA resin particles, as prepared in Example 3 (colorless, when excited in UV blue fluorescent, particle size 25 microns) and 10 mg Mica (shiny metallic, particle size approx. 40 ⁇ m) added.
- Ultramarine blue, particle size approx. 40 ⁇ m
- Iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 red, particle size approx. 30 ⁇ m
- Blankophor BA resin particles as prepared in Example 3 (colorless, when excited in UV blue fluorescent, particle size 25 microns) and 10 mg Mica (shiny metallic, particle size approx. 40 ⁇ m) added.
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Automatic Tape Cassette Changers (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gegenstand mit einer Farbcodierung zur Kennzeichnung des Gegenstands, insbesondere ein Wertdokument, sowie ein auf den Gegenstand applizierbares Sicherheitselement mit einer solchen Farbcodierung.The invention relates to an article with a color coding for the identification of the article, in particular a document of value, and a security element applicable to the article with such a color coding.
Unter der Bezeichnung "Wertdokument" sind im Rahmen der Erfindung Banknoten, Schecks, Aktien, Wertmarken, Ausweise, Kreditkarten, Pässe und auch andere Dokumente sowie Etiketten, Siegel, Verpackungen oder andere Elemente für die Produktsicherung zu verstehen.The term "value document" in the context of the invention banknotes, checks, stocks, tokens, identity cards, credit cards, passports and other documents as well as labels, seals, packaging or other elements for product assurance to understand.
Es ist bekannt, Gegenstände mit Farbpartikeln auszustatten, um anhand dieser Farbpartikel Rückschlüsse auf Eigenschaften dieser Gegenstände ziehen zu können, zum Beispiel auf deren Echtheit, Herkunft oder Typ. Solche Identifikationsmerkmale sollen vor Nachahmung möglichst geschützt sein, weshalb regelmäßig schwer nachahmbare und möglichst unauffällige Farbpartikel eingesetzt werden.It is known to equip objects with color particles in order to be able to draw conclusions about the properties of these objects from these color particles, for example their authenticity, origin or type. Such identification features should be as protected as possible from imitation, which is why regularly difficult to imitate and inconspicuous color particles are used.
Aus der
Die
In der
Die
In einem anderen Zusammenhang, nämlich zum Zwecke des Kopierschutzes, wird in der
Die im Stand der Technik vorgeschlagenen Farbcodierungen sind durch die Komplexität der verwendeten Farbpartikel aufwändig und entsprechend teuer in ihrer Herstellung. Außerdem ist deren Prüfung aufwändig, da es zumindest eines dunklen Raumes zur Prüfung und gegebenenfalls noch zusätzlicher, kostspieliger und unter Umständen wartungsanfälliger Hilfsmittel, wie eine UV-Lichtquelle und dergleichen bedarf. Darüber hinaus sind die Möglichkeiten, unterschiedliche Farbcodierungen durch Kombination verschiedenfarbiger Farbpartikel herzustellen, sehr begrenzt.The color codings proposed in the prior art are complicated by the complexity of the color particles used and correspondingly expensive to produce. In addition, their testing is complex because it requires at least a dark room for testing and possibly additional, expensive and possibly maintenance-prone tools, such as a UV light source and the like. Moreover, the possibilities of producing different color codings by combining differently colored color particles are very limited.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, Gegenstände, insbesondere Wertpapiere, mit einer Farbcodierung zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche zahlreiche Variationsmöglichkeiten bei geringen Kosten eröffnet und welche unauffällig, das heißt mit bloßem Auge nicht ohne weiteres erkennbar, aber dennoch ohne großen Aufwand nachweisbar ist.Object of the present invention is to provide objects, in particular securities, with a color coding available, which opens up numerous possibilities of variation at low cost and which inconspicuous, that is not readily apparent to the naked eye, but yet detectable without much effort.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch einen Gegenstand mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Im nebengeordneten Patentanspruch ist ein entsprechendes Wertdokument angegeben. In davon abhängigen Ansprüchen sind jeweils besondere Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung angegeben.According to the invention, this is achieved by an article having the features of patent claim 1. In the independent claim a corresponding document of value is given. In dependent claims, particular embodiments and further developments of the invention are given.
Die Erfindung beruht auf einer mit den verwendeten Farbpartikeln in engem Zusammenhang stehenden Kombination von Merkmalen, nämlich einerseits der "Partikelgröße" und andererseits der "Partikelkonzentration". Die Partikelgröße ist erfindungsgemäß so gewählt, dass die einzelnen Partikel mit dem bloßen Auge gerade nicht mehr wahrnehmbar sind. Die Partikelkonzentration ist so gewählt, dass sie vom menschlichen Auge nicht als Einfärbung des Produkts aufgefasst wird.The invention is based on a combination of features which is closely related to the color particles used, namely on the one hand the "particle size" and on the other hand the "particle concentration". The particle size is inventively chosen so that the individual particles are just no longer perceptible to the naked eye. The particle concentration is chosen so that it is not perceived by the human eye as a coloration of the product.
Eine solche Farbcodierung kann mit einfachen Farbpartikeln erzeugt werden. Sie ist für das bloße Auge nicht wahrnehmbar, fällt als Echtheits- oder Identifizierungsmerkmal daher nicht auf, ist aber dennoch mit einfachsten technischen Hilfsmitteln, wie einer Lupe oder einem einfachen Mikroskop, erkennbar. Darüber hinaus sind durch Kombination verschiedenfarbiger Partikel mit für das menschliche Auge gut voneinander unterscheidbaren Farbtönen eine enorme Variationsvielfalt von Farbcodierungen erzielbar.Such color coding can be generated with simple color particles. It is imperceptible to the naked eye, therefore does not stand out as an authenticity or identification feature, but is still recognizable with the simplest technical aids, such as a magnifying glass or a simple microscope. In addition, an enormous variety of color coding variations can be achieved by combining differently colored particles with color shades which can be easily distinguished from one another by the human eye.
Bei den Begriffen, wonach die Partikelkonzentration "nicht als Einfärbung des Produkts aufgefasst wird" und die Partikelgröße "mit dem bloßen Auge nicht wahrnehmbar ist", handelt es sich um relative Begriffe, die in gewissem Maße auch subjektiv sind. Eine konkrete Definition dieser Begriffe ist aufgrund des individuellen Farbempfindens und der individuellen Sehschärfe des menschlichen Auges nicht möglich und nur in etwa empirisch zu ermitteln.The notion that the particle concentration is "not perceived as coloring the product" and the particle size "is imperceptible to the naked eye" are relative terms that are, to some extent, subjective. A concrete definition of these terms is not possible due to the individual color perception and the individual visual acuity of the human eye and can only be determined approximately empirically.
Das Farbempfinden des menschlichen Auges hängt nicht nur vom konkreten Buntton als solchem, sondern wesentlich auch von der Farbsättigung und der Farbhelligkeit des Bunttons bzw. vom Kontrast zum Hintergrund ab. Je geringer die Farbsättigung ("Leuchten der Farbe") und der Kontrast sind, desto weniger wird dies bei gegebener Partikelkonzentration als Einfärbung des Produkts wahrgenommen. Entsprechendes gilt für die Sehschärfe bzw. das Auflösungsvermögen des menschlichen Auges. Denn während kontrastierende Farben bei gegebener Partikelgröße möglicherweise noch wahrnehmbar bzw. auflösbar sind, können weniger kontrastierende Farben bei derselben Partikelgröße nicht mehr wahrnehmbar sein. Außerdem ist zu bedenken, dass die Sehschärfe mit dem Alter und auch mit dem Sehabstand abnimmt. Während der "Nahpunkt", bei dem das menschliche Auge das größte Auflösungsvermögen besitzt, bei 20-Jährigen noch bei etwa 10 cm liegt, liegt er bei 30-Jährigen schon bei etwa 14 cm, so dass das Auflösungsvermögen des menschlichen Auges eines 30-Jährigen entsprechend schlechter ist als das eines 20-Jährigen.The color perception of the human eye depends not only on the specific hue as such, but also substantially on the color saturation and the color brightness of the hue or the contrast to the background. The lower the color saturation ("luminosity of color") and the contrast, the less perceived as coloration of the product at a given particle concentration. The same applies to the visual acuity or the resolution of the human eye. For while contrasting colors may still be perceivable or dissolvable given the particle size, less contrasting colors may not be discernable at the same particle size. It should also be borne in mind that visual acuity decreases with age as well as with visual distance. While the "near-point", where the human eye has the greatest resolution, at 20-year-olds still at about 10 cm is at 30-year-olds already at about 14 cm, so that the resolution of the human eye of a 30-year-olds is correspondingly worse than that of a 20-year-olds.
Unter Berücksichtigung der zuvor genannten, unvermeidbaren Begriffsunschärfen liegen Bereiche der Partikelgröße zwischen 1 µm und 100 µm, insbesondere 10 µm bis 30 µm, und Bereiche der Partikelkonzentration liegen, für den Fall der Beimischung der Partikel in eine Papiermasse, zwischen 10 g und 1000 g pro Tonne produzierten Papier, insbesondere etwa 100 g pro Tonne produzierten Papier, je nach Farbton, Farbsättigung und Farbhelligkeit der Partikel sowie darüber hinaus auch abhängig vom Partikelmaterial. Denn die erforderliche Partikelkonzentration (bezogen auf die Papiermasse) hängt auch davon ab, ob beispielsweise die Farbstoffe in einer transparenten Harz- oder Polymermatrix eingelagert sind oder ob farbige Metalloxidpartikel verwendet werden.Taking into account the aforementioned unavoidable conceptual blurring ranges of particle size between 1 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, in particular 10 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m, and ranges of particle concentration are, in the case of admixture of the particles in a pulp, between 10 g and 1000 g per Ton produced paper, in particular about 100 g per ton of paper produced, depending on hue, color saturation and color brightness of the particles and beyond also dependent on the particulate material. Because the required particle concentration (based on the paper pulp) also depends on whether, for example, the dyes are embedded in a transparent resin or polymer matrix or whether colored metal oxide particles are used.
Die Farbpartikel können auf verschiedenste Art und Weise mit dem Produkt verbunden werden. So können die Partikel beispielsweise einer Druckfarbe, bevorzugt in einer Konzentration von 0,1 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Druckfarbe zugemischt werden, die vorzugsweise weiß oder transparent ist, die aber auch eingefärbt sein kann, vorausgesetzt, dass die Farbpartikel gegenüber dieser Einfärbung vom menschlichen Auge gut unterschieden werden können. Aber auch ein Zumischen der Partikel zu einer Kunststoff- oder Papiermasse ist möglich. Ebenso können die Partikel auf oder in einem Kunststoffträgermaterial vorgesehen werden, welches beispielsweise zumindest teilweise in eine Papiermasse eingebettet wird. Das Kunststoffträgermaterial kann hierbei die Form eines Sicherheitsfadens, einer Melierfaser oder einer Planchette haben.The color particles can be connected to the product in a variety of ways. Thus, for example, the particles may be admixed to a printing ink, preferably in a concentration of 0.1% by weight, based on the printing ink, which is preferably white or transparent, but which may also be colored, provided that the color particles are not colored in relation to this coloring human eye can be well distinguished. But also an admixing of the particles to a plastic or paper pulp is possible. Likewise, the particles can be provided on or in a plastic carrier material, which is for example at least partially embedded in a paper pulp. The plastic carrier material may in this case have the form of a security thread, a mottled fiber or a planchette.
Das Kunststoff- oder Papierträgermaterial kann jedoch auch an jedem beliebigen anderen Gegenstand, zum Beispiel im Rahmen von Produktsicherungsmaßnahmen befestigt werden. Das Trägermaterial ist in diesem Fall vorzugsweise als Etikett ausgebildet. Wenn das Trägermaterial Bestandteil des zu sichernden Gegenstandes ist, wie es zum Beispiel bei Aufreißfäden der Fall ist, ist selbstverständlich auch jede andere Formgebung möglich.However, the plastic or paper carrier material can also be attached to any other object, for example as part of product securing measures. The carrier material is preferably formed in this case as a label. If the carrier material is part of the object to be secured, as is the case, for example, with tear threads, it is of course also possible to use any other shaping.
Die Farbcodierung umfasst vorzugsweise mehr als nur eine Farbe. Um in diesem Falle zu gewährleisten, dass die unterschiedlichen Farben mit der Lupe oder dem Mikroskop leicht mit dem menschlichen Auge voneinander zu unterscheiden sind, ist es sinnvoll, Farbpartikel mit den Grundfarbtönen Gelb, Rot, Blau und gegebenenfalls zusätzliche Farbpartikel mit den dazwischen liegenden Bunttönen Orange, Violett, Grün zu verwenden. Als weitere, leicht von den vorgenannten Farben unterscheidbare Farben bieten sich die Mischfarbe Braun und darüber hinaus Schwarz an. Zusätzlich lassen sich manche Bunttöne allein aufgrund unterschiedlicher Helligkeiten einfach unterscheiden, zum Beispiel Hellblau und Dunkelblau.The color coding preferably comprises more than one color. In order to ensure that the different colors can be easily distinguished with the human eye with the magnifying glass or the microscope, it makes sense to use color particles with the basic colors yellow, red, blue and possibly additional color particles with the orange hues in between To use violet, green. As further colors, easily distinguishable from the aforementioned colors, the mixed color brown and, moreover, black are suitable. In addition, some hues can be easily distinguished by differences in brightness, such as light blue and dark blue.
Partikel in den vorgenannten Farben lassen sich auf einfache und preiswerte Weise herstellen. Ebenfalls leicht herstellbar, jedoch von Natur aus wertvoller und daher kostspieliger sind farbige Partikel aus wertvollen Substanzen wie zum Beispiel Gold, Ultramarin, Malachitgrün, Granat und dergleichen. Für hochwertige Wertdokumente kann der Einsatz solcher wertvoller Partikel sinnvoll sein, um deren Fälschungsattraktivität zu senken, ohne dass dadurch die Herstellung der Farbkennzeichnung oder die Prüfung der Farbkennzeichnung komplizierter wird.Particles in the aforementioned colors can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner. Also easy to make, but inherently more valuable and therefore more expensive are colored particles of valuable substances such as gold, ultramarine, malachite green, garnet and the like. For high-value documents, the use of such valuable particles may be useful to reduce their counterfeit attraction, without thereby complicating the production of color coding or checking the color coding.
Geht man beispielsweise von den neun vorgenannten, leicht und sicher unterscheidbaren Farbtönen aus, so ergibt sich die folgende einfache Farbskala:
- 1. Schwarz
- 2. Hellblau
- 3. Dunkelblau
- 4. Grün
- 5. Violett
- 6. Rot
- 7. Orange
- 8. Gelb
- 9. Braun.
- 1. Black
- 2. Light blue
- 3. Dark blue
- 4 (Green
- 5. Violet
- 6. red
- 7. Orange
- 8. Yellow
- 9. Brown.
Da Partikel mit diesen Farben nur entweder vorhanden oder nicht vorhanden sind, lassen sich durch unterschiedliche Kombination 29 = 512 Varianten erstellen, von denen eine Version ("keine Partikel") ausscheidet. Es verbleiben die folgenden 511 Varianten:
Mittels einfachen, leicht voneinander unterscheidbaren Farbpartikeln lässt sich somit bereits eine enorme Anzahl unterschiedlicher Farbcodierungen erzeugen. Das Hinzunehmen nur einer einzigen weiteren Farbe ergibt bereits die doppelte Anzahl von Varianten, also 1023.By means of simple, easily distinguishable color particles, an enormous number of different color codings can thus already be produced. Adding just one more color already results in twice the number of variants, ie 1023.
Aus dem Vorstehenden ergibt sich im Umkehrschluss, dass es aus Gründen der einfacheren Unterscheidbarkeit zu vermeiden ist, Partikel des gleichen Farbtons zu verwenden, die sich nur unwesentlich in der Farbhelligkeit oder Farbsättigung unterscheiden. Andererseits sollten auch keine Farbtöne verwendet werden, die im Spektrum so nah beieinander liegen, dass sie mit dem menschlichen Auge nicht leicht zu unterscheiden sind.Conversely, for the sake of ease of distinctness, it will be seen from the above that it is to be avoided to use particles of the same hue which differ only insignificantly in color brightness or color saturation. On the other hand, no hues should be used that are so close to each other in the spectrum that they are not easily distinguished by the human eye.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung ist in der einfachen Herstellbarkeit der Partikel zu sehen, da sie ohne weiteres aus einem preiswerten Material durch Mahlen in der gewünschten Partikelgröße herstellbar sind. Die Partikel können beispielsweise aus gemahlenen, selektiv absorbierenden Metalloxiden bestehen, beispielsweise Eisenoxid Fe2O3, das dem Betrachter rot erscheint, oder Chromoxid, das dem Betrachter grün erscheint. Die Partikel können aber auch aus einem Harz, insbesondere einem Melaminharz oder Polyurethanharz bestehen, dem organische Stoffe mit den gewünschten Bunttönen (beispielsweise Rot bzw. Grün) beigemischt werden. Das Melaminharz bzw. Polyurethanharz ist nach seiner Aushärtung spröde und daher leicht mahlbar. Anstelle eines Harzes können als Farbstoffträger auch Polymermaterialien, insbesondere Acrylpolymere verwendet werden, soweit diese spröde und mahlbar sind. Für den Fall, dass die Partikel in dem Produkt eingelagert sind, indem sie beispielsweise bei der Papierherstellung in die Papiermasse gemischt werden, ist sicherzustellen, dass die Partikel in dem Material unlöslich sind, was für organische Farbstoffe in Melaminharz bzw. Polyurethanharz und Acrylpolymeren üblicherweise der Fall ist.A particular advantage of the invention is to be seen in the ease of manufacture of the particles, since they can be readily prepared from an inexpensive material by grinding in the desired particle size. For example, the particles may be ground, selectively absorbing metal oxides, such as iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 , which appears red to the viewer, or chromium oxide, which appears green to the viewer. The particles may also consist of a resin, in particular a melamine resin or polyurethane resin, the organic substances with the desired hues (for example, red or green) are added. The melamine resin or polyurethane resin is brittle after curing and therefore easily grindable. Instead of a resin, polymeric materials, in particular acrylic polymers, can be used as the dye carrier, provided that they are brittle and grindable. In the case where the particles are incorporated in the product, for example by mixing them into the pulp during papermaking, it must be ensured that the particles are insoluble in the material, which is usually the case for organic dyes in melamine resin and acrylic polymers Case is.
Um die mit der Erfindung bezweckten Vorteile zu erzielen, handelt es sich bei den verwendeten Farbpartikeln um einfache, winkelunabhängig streuende Farbpartikel, die also entweder auf selektiver Absorption oder diffuser Streuung basieren.-Darüber hinaus reflektieren die Farbpartikel im visuellen Spektralbereich, um mit dem menschlichen Auge ohne zusätzlichen apparativen Aufwand, abgesehen von einem einfachem technischen Hilfsmittel, wie einer Lupe oder einem Mikroskop wahrnehmbar zu sein. Der Vergrößerungsfaktor dieser Hilfsmittel richtet sich dabei nach der Größe der eingesetzten Partikel, d.h. je kleiner die Partikel sind, umso stärker muss der Vergrößerungsfaktor sein. Bei Partikelgrößen von etwa 50 µm und mehr reicht gewöhnlicherweise eine Lupe mit 8-facher Vergrößerung (8x) aus. Bei Partikelgrößen von kleiner als etwa 50 µm, insbesondere im Bereich von 10 µm, empfiehlt sich allerdings ein Mikroskop mit 100-facher Vergrößerung (100x).In order to achieve the advantages intended by the invention, the color particles used are simple, color-independent scattering color particles, which are thus based either on selective absorption or diffuse scattering. In addition, the color particles in the visual spectral range reflect to the human eye can be perceived without additional equipment expense, apart from a simple technical tool, such as a magnifying glass or a microscope. The magnification factor of these aids depends on the size of the particles used, i. the smaller the particles, the stronger the magnification factor. With particle sizes of about 50 microns and more usually a magnifying glass with 8x magnification (8x) is sufficient. For particle sizes of less than about 50 microns, especially in the range of 10 microns, however, we recommend a microscope with 100-fold magnification (100x).
Das schließt allerdings nicht aus, dass andere Farbeffekte zusätzlich vorgesehen sein können. Eine besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht daher vor, dass die farbigen Partikel mit beliebigen maschinenlesbaren Merkmalen kombiniert werden, beispielsweise auch lumineszierenden Substanzen, die bei Tageslicht nicht mit bloßem Auge wahrnehmbar sind. Diese lumineszierenden Substanzen können separat vorgesehen sein, sind aber vorzugsweise zusammen mit den Farbstoffen in der Harz- oder Polymermatrix eingebettet. Solche Partikel können dann sowohl mit dem Auge als auch mit Sensoren nachgewiesen werden, insbesondere wenn die lumineszierenden Substanzen ausschießlich außerhalb des visuellen Spektralbereichs lumineszieren, beispielsweise im UV- oder IR-Spektralbereich fluoreszieren. Diese Kombination ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn außer einer Kennzeichnung der Produkte auch ein Echtheitsnachweis möglich sein soll.However, this does not exclude that other color effects can be additionally provided. A particular embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the colored particles are combined with any machine-readable features, for example also luminescent substances which are not perceptible to the naked eye in daylight. These luminescent substances may be provided separately, but are preferably embedded together with the dyes in the resin or polymer matrix. Such particles can then be detected both with the eye and with sensors, in particular if the luminescent substances exclusively luminesce outside the visual spectral range, for example in the UV or IR spectral range. This combination is particularly advantageous if, in addition to a marking of the products, a proof of authenticity should also be possible.
Als Lumineszenzfarbstoffe können einfach erhältliche Lumineszenzstoffe, aber auch speziell für sicherheitstechnische Anwendungen entwickelte Lumineszenzstoffe verwendet werden. Die erstgenannten Lumineszenzstoffe werden bevorzugt eingesetzt, um die Zahl der Varianten für die Farbcodierung zu erhöhen. Geeignet sind Fluoreszenzstoffe, wie z.B. Distilbenderivate mit blauer Fluoreszenz oder Flavin-bzw. Flavonfarbstoffe mit gelbgrüner Fluoreszenz. Bei dem speziell für sicherheitstechnische Anwendungen entwickelten Lumineszenzstoffen handelt es sich beispielsweise um mit Seltenerdmetallelementen dotierte Wirtsgitter.As luminescent dyes it is possible to use readily available luminescent substances, but also luminescent substances developed especially for safety-related applications. The former luminescent substances are preferably used to increase the number of variants for color coding. Suitable are fluorescers, e.g. Distillibene derivatives with blue fluorescence or flavin resp. Flavone dyes with yellow-green fluorescence. The luminescent substances specially developed for safety applications are, for example, host lattices doped with rare earth elements.
Obwohl grundsätzlich schon ein einziges Maschinenmerkmal für den Echtheitsnachweis ausreichen würde, werden vorzugsweise so viele maschinenlesbare Merkmale vorgesehen, wie Farbpartikel eingesetzt werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der vollständige Code sowohl mit dem Auge als auch mit Sensoren erkennbar ist. Besonders bevorzugt wird insoweit eine solche Ausführungsform, bei der den unterschiedlichen Farbpartikeln jeweils ein Lumineszenzstoff zugemischt wird, der in etwa in derselben Farbe luminesziert wie der Farbpartikel, in dem der Lumineszenzstoff eingelagert ist. Ebenso gut können Lumineszenzstoffe eingesetzt werden, die im sichtbaren Spektralbereich Körperfarbe aufweisen, also dem menschlichen Auge ohne zusätzliche Anregungsquelle farbig erscheinen, aber bei Anregung zusätzlich fluoreszieren.Although in principle a single machine feature would suffice for the proof of authenticity, preferably as many machine-readable features are provided as paint particles are used. This has the advantage that the complete code can be recognized both with the eye and with sensors. In this respect, such an embodiment is particularly preferred in which a luminescent substance is added to each of the different color particles and luminesces in approximately the same color as the color particle in which the luminescent substance is incorporated. Likewise, luminescent substances can be used which have body color in the visible spectral range, ie appear colored to the human eye without additional excitation source, but additionally fluoresce upon excitation.
Wie eingangs erwähnt, bestehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Produkte mit der Farbcodierung zu versehen, beispielsweise durch Einlagern der Partikel in das Volumen des Produkts oder durch Aufbringen auf der Oberfläche, beispielsweise durch Aufdrucken mittels Flexoprint oder durch Aufsprühen mittels einer Vorrichtung gemäß
Die mit den unterschiedlichen Farbpigmenten erreichbaren Farbcodierungsvarianten lassen sich weiter steigern, wenn die unterschiedlichen Farbpartikel in separaten, fortlaufenden Streifen auf bzw. in dem Produkt vorliegen. Im Falle von zwei Streifen lässt sich die oben genannte Variantenvielfalt von 511 Versionen auf 5112/2 = 130.560 Versionen erweitern.The color coding variants which can be achieved with the different color pigments can be further increased if the different color particles are present in separate, continuous stripes on or in the product. In the case of two strips of the above-mentioned variants of 511 versions can be extended to 511 2/2 = 130,560 releases.
Andererseits ist es möglich, die Farbpartikel streifenförmig oder auch nicht streifenförmig aufzubringen und einen zusätzlichen Streifen zu erzeugen, der nur Maschinenmerkmale enthält, die mit dem bloßen Auge nicht erkennbar sind. Dies eröffnet weitere Möglichkeiten der Codierung.On the other hand, it is possible to apply the color particles in strip form or not in strips and to produce an additional strip which contains only machine features that are not visible to the naked eye. This opens up further possibilities of coding.
Nachfolgend werden einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung angegeben:Hereinafter, some embodiments of the invention are given:
Es wurde ein Papierblatt gebildet, dessen Stoffsuspension vor der Blattbildung mit fein gemahlenem Eisenoxid Fe2O3 (rot, Partikelgröße ca. 100 µm) und zusätzlich mit fein gemahlenem Chromoxid (grün, Partikelgröße ca. 100 µm in einer Menge von jeweils etwa 200 g pro Tonne produziertes Papier versetzt worden war. Das Blatt wurde auf einem Papiersieb auf übliche Art und Weise gebildet und getrocknet. Die darin gebildeten roten und grünen Partikel waren mittels einer Lupe von 8-facher Vergrößerung (8x) leicht erkennbar. Das Papierblatt selbst wies wegen der geringen Menge der farbigen Partikel kaum eine farbliche Abweichung gegenüber weißem Papier auf und wird daher nicht als verfärbt eingestuft.It was formed a paper sheet, the stock suspension before sheet formation with finely ground iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 (red, particle size about 100 microns) and additionally with finely ground chromium oxide (green, particle size about 100 microns in an amount of about 200 g The sheet was formed on a papermaking screen in the usual manner and dried, and the red and green particles formed therein were 8 times by means of a magnifying glass Magnification (8x) easily recognizable. The paper sheet itself, because of the small amount of the colored particles, hardly showed a color deviation from white paper and is therefore not classified as discolored.
Die Papierherstellung erfolgte identisch wie in Beispiel 1. Der Papierstoffsuspension wurden dabei je Farbton etwa 200 g Farbpartikel pro Tonne produziertes Papier beigemischt. In diesem Falle waren die Farbpartikel allerdings aus einem Melaminharz hergestellt, dem zur Erzeugung roter Farbpartikel ein roter organischer Farbstoff zugemischt und zur Erzeugung grüner Farbpartikel ein grüner organischer Farbstoff zugemischt worden war. Bei dem Melaminharz handelt es sich z.B. um Maprenal VMF 3921w/85WA (Hersteller: Vianova AG), dem 5 Gew.-% roter bzw. grüner Farbstoff, bezogen auf die trockene Harzmenge zugesetzt werden. Nach der Aushärtung des so gefärbten Melaminharzes entstand ein sprödes, leicht mahlbares Harz, aus dem die Farbpartikel (Partikelgröße ca. 20 µm) durch Mahlen gewonnen und der Papierstoffsuspension beigefügt wurden. Die Partikel waren mit einem Mikroskop mit einer 100-fachen Vergrößerung (100x) erkennbar und leicht unterscheidbar, ohne dass das Papier eine wahrnehmbare Einfärbung aufwies.The papermaking was carried out identically as in Example 1. The stock suspension were mixed per color about 200 g of color particles per ton of paper produced. In this case, however, the color particles were made of a melamine resin to which a red organic dye was mixed to produce red color particles and a green organic dye was mixed to produce green color particles. The melamine resin is e.g. Maprenal VMF 3921w / 85WA (manufacturer: Vianova AG), to which 5% by weight of red or green dye, based on the amount of dry resin, is added. After curing of the thus-colored melamine resin, a brittle, easily grindable resin was obtained, from which the color particles (particle size about 20 μm) were obtained by grinding and added to the paper stock suspension. The particles were detectable with a microscope at a magnification of 100x (100x) and easily distinguishable without the paper having any noticeable coloration.
Es wurde ein Papierblatt von 90 g/m2 gebildet, dessen Stoffsuspension vor der Blattbildung mit zwei unterschiedlichen fluoreszierenden Partikeln (Partikelgröße ca. 20 µm) in einer Menge von jeweils ca. 200 g pro Tonne produziertes Papier versetzt worden war. Das Blatt wurde auf einem Papiersieb auf übliche Art und Weise gebildet und getrocknet. Die Partikel wurden aus Melaminharz Maprenal VMF 3921w/85WA (Hersteller Vianova AG) hergestellt, dem zur Erzeugung roter Farbpartikel 5 Gew.-% Nylosan Rhodamin B300, bezogen auf die trockene Harzmenge, und zur Erzeugung farbloser Partikel 5 Gew.-% Blankophor BA, bezogen auf die trockene Harzmenge, zugesetzt wurde. Anschließend wird die Mischung aus Maprenal und Nylosan Rhodamin B300 bzw. Blankophor BA jeweils in eine mit Polyesterfolie ausgelegte Schale gegossen und bei 120 °C im Ofen getrocknet. Die Folie wird herausgenommen und die gehärtete Masse abgeschabt. Die gehärtete Masse wird anschließend in einer Schlagmühle zerkleinert und durch ein Sieb von 30 µm Maschenweite gesiebt. Der durch das Sieb gegangene Partikelanteil wird der zur Blattbildung eingesetzten Papierstoffsuspension zugesetzt. Bei Anregung unter UV-Licht fluoresziert Blankophor BA visuell im sichtbaren Spektralbereich blau und Nylosan Rhodamin B 300 fluoresziert im sichtbaren Spektralbereich rot. Zusätzlich weist Nylosan Rhodamin B300 eine im sichtbaren Spektralbereich rote Körperfarbe auf. Die Partikel waren mit einem Mikroskop mit einer 100-fachen Vergrößerung (100x) erkennbar und leicht unterscheidbar, ohne dass das Papier eine wahrnehmbare Einfärbung aufwies.A paper sheet of 90 g / m 2 was formed, the pulp suspension of which had been mixed with two different fluorescent particles (particle size about 20 μm) in an amount of about 200 g per ton of produced paper prior to sheet formation. The sheet was formed on a papermaking screen in the usual manner and dried. The particles were prepared from melamine resin Maprenal VMF 3921w / 85WA (manufacturer Vianova AG), to produce red color particles 5 wt .-% Nylosan Rhodamine B300, based on the dry amount of resin, and to produce colorless particles 5 wt .-% blank BA, based on the amount of dry resin was added. Subsequently, the mixture of Maprenal and Nylosan Rhodamin B300 or Blankophor BA is poured into a dish designed with polyester film and dried at 120 ° C in the oven. The foil is removed and the hardened mass scraped off. The hardened mass is then comminuted in a hammer mill and sieved through a sieve of 30 μm mesh size. The particle fraction that has passed through the sieve is added to the pulp suspension used for sheet formation. Upon excitation under UV light, Blankophor BA visually fluoresces blue in the visible spectral region and Nylosan Rhodamine B 300 fluoresces red in the visible spectral region. In addition, Nylosan Rhodamine B300 has a red body color in the visible spectral range. The particles were detectable with a microscope at a magnification of 100x (100x) and easily distinguishable without the paper having any noticeable coloration.
In eine Papierstoffsuspension, z.B. eine Suspension von 100 g Kiefer-Sulfat-Zellstoff in 5 l Wasser werden
Aus dieser Mischung werden auf einem Papiersieb auf übliche Art und Weise Blätter von 90 g/m2 gebildet. Unter einem Mikroskop mit 100-facher Vergrößerung sind blaue, rote und metallisch glänzende Partikel erkennbar und leicht unterscheidbar, ohne dass das Papier eine wahrnehmbare Einfärbung aufwiese.From this mixture leaves of 90 g / m 2 are formed on a papermaking screen in the usual way. Under a microscope with 100x magnification, blue, red and shiny metallic particles are recognizable and easily distinguishable, without the paper having a perceptible coloring.
Bei Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht ist zusätzlich eine im sichtbaren Spektralbereich auftretende blaue Fluoreszenz zu erkennen.Upon irradiation with UV light, a blue fluorescence occurring in the visible spectral range is also visible.
Claims (27)
- An object having a color coding, wherein the color coding comprises colored particles reflecting in the visual spectral region and scattering independent of angle, which have a diameter between 1 micron and 100 microns, so that they are not visible for the naked human eye when viewed in daylight, but are recognizable with the help of a magnifying glass or a microscope, characterized in that the particles are present in such a small concentration, that the color coding is not seen as a coloring of the object by the naked human eye when viewed in daylight.
- The object according to claim 1, wherein the color coding comprises different-colored particles easily distinguishable for the human eye.
- The object according to claim 2, wherein the colors of the particles are selected from the group of primary colors red, yellow, blue and/or the colors orange, green, violet lying in between.
- The object according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the color coding comprises colored particles having approximately the same hue but an easily distinguishable color brightness.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the colored particles consist of finely ground iron oxide and/or chromium oxide.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the colored particles consist of dyed melamine resin or polyurethane resin.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the colored particles consist of dyed acrylic polymer.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the colored particles are deposited in paper pulp.
- The object according to claim 8, wherein 10 grams to 1000 grams of chromatic particles per ton of paper are deposited in the paper.
- The object according to claim 9, wherein about 100 grams of colored particles per ton of paper are deposited in the paper.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the particles are applied onto the surface of an object to be marked.
- The object according to claim 11, wherein the colored particles are applied only onto partial areas of the surface of the object to be marked.
- The object according to claim 12, wherein the partial areas have the form of a strip.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein additionally machine readable features are provided.
- The object according to claim 14, wherein a number of different machine readable features is provided that corresponds to the number of different-colored particles.
- The object according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the machine-readable features are part of the colored particles.
- The object according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the machine-readable features are provided separately from the colored particles.
- The object according to claim 17, wherein the machine-readable features are provided in a strip separated from the colored particles.
- The object according to any of claims 14 to 18, wherein the machine-readable features are formed by luminescent substances.
- The object according to claim 19, wherein the luminescent substances fluoresce in a color approximately corresponding to the colored particles.
- The object according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the luminescent substances luminesce outside the visual spectral region.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 20, comprising colored particles, which consist of valuable substances.
- The object according to claim 22, wherein the valuable substances are selected from the group of the following substances: gold, ultramarine, malachite green, garnet.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 23, wherein the object is a security element for being applied or deposited on or in another object.
- The object according to any of claims 1 to 23, wherein the object is a document of value.
- A document of value comprising a security element according to claim 24.
- The document of value according to claim 26, consisting of paper.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10116315A DE10116315A1 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2001-04-02 | Color coding for marking objects |
DE10116315 | 2001-04-02 | ||
PCT/EP2002/003400 WO2002078964A2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2002-03-26 | Colour coding system for identifying objects |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1383959A2 EP1383959A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
EP1383959B1 true EP1383959B1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
Family
ID=7680055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02712958A Expired - Lifetime EP1383959B1 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2002-03-26 | Colour coding system for identifying objects |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1383959B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE372416T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002244755A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10116315A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2289089T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002078964A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3613591A1 (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-26 | Etimex Primary Packaging GmbH | Tamper-proof product packaging |
CN112907769B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-12-30 | 天地融科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted unit management method and system based on preinstalled and step-by-step information writing |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0219743A1 (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-29 | DeSoto, Inc. | Security paper containing vesiculated beads |
EP0226367B1 (en) | 1985-12-05 | 1990-02-28 | The Wiggins Teape Group Limited | Security paper |
DE4241753A1 (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1994-06-16 | Basf Ag | Use of interference pigments to produce counterfeit-proof securities |
DE19541735A1 (en) * | 1995-11-09 | 1997-05-15 | Iris Roller | Use of hydrothermal rock deposits e.g. calcite precursors |
DE19543205A1 (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-05-22 | Bayer Ag | Interlayer in electroluminescent arrangements containing finely divided inorganic particles |
FR2742158B1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-01-02 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | PARTICLES TREATED WITH A FUNCTIONALIZED POLYORGANOSILOXANE, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR USE IN THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS |
DE19803891A1 (en) * | 1998-01-31 | 1999-08-05 | Bayer Ag | Aqueous precious metal colloids and their use |
DE19803997B4 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2018-01-25 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | value document |
AUPP624498A0 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 1998-10-22 | Securency Pty Ltd | Security document including a nanoparticle-based authentication device |
DE19934436B4 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2011-06-22 | Honeywell International Inc., N.J. | Use of finest-grained inorganic phosphors |
DE19923959A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-11-30 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Value document |
US6270625B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-08-07 | The Mead Corporation | Method for manufacturing colored stripped paper |
DE19941824A1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-03-08 | Bayer Ag | Flame retardant polycarbonate blends |
DE19943704C1 (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-05-10 | Inst Physikalische Hochtech Ev | Affinity sensor for the detection of biological and / or chemical species and its use |
-
2001
- 2001-04-02 DE DE10116315A patent/DE10116315A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-03-26 AU AU2002244755A patent/AU2002244755A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-26 EP EP02712958A patent/EP1383959B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-26 DE DE50210852T patent/DE50210852D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-26 WO PCT/EP2002/003400 patent/WO2002078964A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-26 ES ES02712958T patent/ES2289089T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-26 AT AT02712958T patent/ATE372416T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1383959A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
ES2289089T3 (en) | 2008-02-01 |
DE10116315A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
ATE372416T1 (en) | 2007-09-15 |
DE50210852D1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
WO2002078964A3 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
WO2002078964A2 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
AU2002244755A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
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