EP1360456A1 - Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosive - Google Patents
Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP1360456A1 EP1360456A1 EP02711841A EP02711841A EP1360456A1 EP 1360456 A1 EP1360456 A1 EP 1360456A1 EP 02711841 A EP02711841 A EP 02711841A EP 02711841 A EP02711841 A EP 02711841A EP 1360456 A1 EP1360456 A1 EP 1360456A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- cavity
- flow
- filling
- explosives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for filling a cavity with pulp-like explosives, in particular with heavy-ANFO explosives.
- Heavy-ANFO explosive is formed by using an emulsion matrix or an emulsion explosive with ANC explosive (also called ANFO) or
- Emulsion explosives and emulsion matrix are based on water-in-oil emulsions, which are emulsified by a highly concentrated
- Nitrate salt solution with raw materials based on mineral oil and an emulsifier is created.
- ANC explosives are based on a mixture of fuel and ammonium nitrate.
- a mineral oil product is generally used as fuel.
- other solid, oxidizable components preferably based on carbon, can also be used.
- the ammonium nitrate can be granules (prills) or fine-crystalline ammonium nitrate, the fine-crystalline ammonium nitrate usually being impregnated in order to eliminate the tendency to cake.
- ANC explosive is a free-flowing substance consisting of individual particles.
- the mixing ratio between ANC explosive and emulsion is selected according to various criteria.
- Emulsion and ANC explosives differ significantly in their manufacturing costs. This is particularly so because the processing and manufacturing steps for emulsion explosives are more extensive and the equipment and facilities required for this are more complex.
- ANC explosives only ignite dry and are therefore not suitable for use in a humid atmosphere, the addition of emulsion creates an explosive that ignites even in humid conditions.
- the density of emulsion explosives is higher than that of ANC explosives. This means that the emulsion explosive can be introduced into a narrower borehole with the same explosive power. This saves drilling costs.
- 20 to 30% by weight of emulsion are mixed with 70 to 80% by weight of ANC explosive.
- the heavy ANFO explosive thus formed is a poorly flowable, sticky, pasty mass. While the emulsion is a pumpable mass and the ANC explosive, which consists of individual particles, is free-flowing and can be conveyed well in a gas stream, the Heavy-ANFO explosive resulting from its mixture can only be conveyed with great effort, for example in a screw conveyor.
- Heavy-ANFO explosives are typically used to fill boreholes with explosives. These boreholes are mostly almost vertically running holes drilled in the base to be blasted, which have a mouth at the upper end through which the borehole is filled with explosives.
- a vehicle for filling a borehole with heavy ANFO explosives, which has separate containers for ammonium nitrate (AN) and emulsion matrix and in which, during the conveyance of the ammonium nitrate or the ANFO in a screw conveyor, the emulsion matrix into the ammonium nitrate or the ANFO is introduced.
- the screw conveyor runs along the longitudinal axis " on the roof of the vehicle.
- the heavy ANFO explosive resulting from the mixing during further transport in the screw conveyor is expelled at the end of the screw conveyor located at the end of the wagon. that the explosive thus formed falls from the end of the screw into the borehole, whereby the discharge of the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive from the auger can be directed through the short, vertical hose at the end of the auger above the borehole.
- a disadvantage of the known vehicle is that the vehicle must be brought in close proximity to the borehole so that the explosives formed can fall directly into the borehole from the end of the screw conveyor. Thus, the vehicle must be driven from borehole to borehole to fill several boreholes with explosives, which is time consuming.
- the poor flow properties of the Heavy-ANFO explosive also cause the explosive to flow poorly into the borehole and partially block the mouth of the borehole. Complete infestation of the borehole is therefore slow and time-consuming. Due to the tendency to clog, the delivery line must be withdrawn. In addition, it is only possible to fill boreholes that have a sufficiently large cross section, in particular - as practice has shown - one Have a diameter of more than 115 mm. In addition, the transport screw intended for the conveyance of the Heavy-ANFO explosive is maintenance-intensive, expensive to buy and expensive to operate due to the high energy consumption.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of proposing a more economical method and a better filling device for filling a cavity with explosives.
- the problem is solved by a method for filling a cavity with a slurry-like explosive, in which a free-flowing explosive, in particular an ANC explosive, and a pumpable explosive, in particular an emulsion explosive, in a mixing area directly at a filling opening of the cavity or in the cavity to a pulp-like, especially a Heavy-ANFO explosive.
- a free-flowing explosive in particular an ANC explosive
- a pumpable explosive in particular an emulsion explosive
- the separate conveying has the additional advantage that when components which may not initially be explosive may be mixed, the explosive only arises directly on or in the cavity to be filled. This limits the area in which explosive material is handled. This is advantageous from a safety point of view, since it prevents accidents, in particular misfires, when the components are transported to the cavity to be filled.
- the free-flowing explosive preferably has ammonium nitrate, solid oxidizable components, mineral oil products, ANC explosive or a mixture of the aforementioned substances.
- ANC explosive also called ANFO explosive
- ANFO is closer to the beginning ANC explosive described, based on ammonium nitrate.
- ANFO is free-flowing, granular and not pumpable. Pneumatic conveyance is possible.
- ANFO has a density of 0.7 to 0.8. Changing this density is only possible to a limited extent. ANFO is not water resistant.
- the method according to the invention is also readily applicable to other explosives or explosive components to be conveyed in a gas stream, which in the following are also assigned to the term free-flowing explosives, although they are not immediately referred to by experts as "explosives”.
- Solid oxidisable Portions are, for example, aluminum powder, mixtures containing aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate or wood flour, mineral oil products can be oil or diesel fuel, for example.
- the pumpable explosive preferably has an emulsion matrix, an emulsion explosive, a water gel, free-flowing explosive or a mixture of the aforementioned substances.
- the emulsion is an emulsion explosive or an emulsion matrix. These are based on water-in-oil emulsions that are created by emulsifying a highly concentrated nitrate salt solution with mineral oil. In addition, additives such as aluminum can be added. This water-in-oil emulsion becomes an ignitable explosive in that gas inclusions are generated in the emulsion or the density of the emulsion matrix is reduced.
- Emulsion explosives are flowable and quasi-liquid (viscous), pumpable and cannot be conveyed pneumatically. They have a density from 1.1 to 1.3 to - a change of this density is possible. Emulsion explosives are waterproof. All or part of the fuel can be added to produce an explosive with a balanced oxygen balance via the emulsion matrix or by adding oil to the ammonium nitrate.
- Water gels are so-called slurry explosives or explosive slurries, ie detonable mixtures of water, oxidizable salts and oxidizable substances with a slightly to viscous or granular-pulpy to gelatinous state.
- the pulp-like explosive is a mixture of the free-flowing explosive and the pumpable explosive.
- Such a paste-like explosive can preferably be a so-called heavy ANFO explosive.
- the mixing ratio of free-flowing to pumpable explosives can be chosen arbitrarily, preferably 10:90 to 90:10 - it is a mixture tailored to the individual case of the field of application. If, for example, ANC / ANFO and emulsion explosives are mixed, this can be done in any ratio to one another. If these components are mixed in a ratio of 80 to 20, a slurry-shaped heavy-ANFO explosive with a density of approximately 1.0 kg / 1 is formed and this explosive is given a better, but still limited water resistance due to the proportion of emulsion.
- the ANC explosive will be used as a preferred example of a free-flowing explosive.
- the emulsion explosive or the emulsion should be used in the following.
- the mixing area of the free-flowing explosive for example the ANC explosive with the pumpable explosive, for example the emulsion
- This mixing area can be a partial area of a device.
- the mixing area can also be a partial area of the cavity to be filled.
- the mixing area can be arranged at the filling opening of the cavity. In the case of a cavity designed as a vertical borehole, the mixed pulp-like explosive, for example the heavy ANFO explosive, falls from there into the borehole and fills it in the course of the filling.
- the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive is preferably carried into the borehole by the impulse of the emulsion and the ANC explosive encountered in the mixture, as well as their direction of flow, which is essentially oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the borehole, and is filled in after the mixing.
- the direction of flow of the mixed heavy-ANFO explosive for example by swiveling a device from which the mixed heavy-ANFO explosive emerges, it can be well distributed within the borehole and in particular within a non-cylindrical cavity.
- the mixing area can be located at the end point of the cavity furthest from the filling opening, for example the deepest of the borehole. From there the mixed one Heavy-ANFO explosives are distributed in the cavity by the incoming explosives.
- the cavity to be filled is any cavity to be filled with an explosive charge. Usually this is a borehole in a reason. This borehole is drilled into the ground for the blasting to be carried out and generally has a cylindrical shape. The reason for this is the designation of the surface that surrounds the filling opening.
- the bottom can run almost vertically, almost horizontally or in any other orientation, depending on the body in which a cavity is present and the position and orientation of the filling opening. Cavities can also be existing hollow spaces in the bottom, for example columns.
- a cavity in the sense of the invention can also be a cartridge or another vessel to be filled with explosives.
- the filling opening of the cavity is an opening which is accessible from the outside and through which the explosive can be introduced into the cavity.
- this is the mouth of the borehole.
- this can be an already existing opening or an opening specially added from the outside for access to the cavity.
- an opening which is to be closed after filling is usually provided during the manufacture of the cartridge or the vessel.
- the method of the present invention results in lower mechanical stresses when conveying and loading the free-flowing and pumpable explosive and the pulp-like explosive than in the screw system of the prior art. There is therefore preferably no finished explosive in or on the mixed loading vehicle, and even smaller borehole diameters of less than 115 cm can be used an output of more than 100 kg / min, preferably more than 150 kg / min.
- the vehicles can be built and operated with lower drive power and simpler mechanics.
- the free-flowing explosive is conveyed in a flow and the pumpable explosive is introduced into the flow of the free-flowing explosive.
- the proportion of free-flowing explosives is generally higher than that of the pumpable explosives. Since, in addition, the free-flowing explosive is conveyed in a gas stream, while the pumpable explosive is delivered as a pumpable substance as such, better mixing is achieved if the preferably lower-volume pumpable explosive is introduced into the preferably higher-volume flow of the free-flowing explosive.
- the free-flowing explosive is preferably blown through the injected pumpable explosive stream at a high speed.
- the flow of the free-flowing explosive or the ANC explosive is preferably an air or gas flow in which the ANC explosive consisting of individual particles is conveyed.
- the flow rate can also be a trickle, for example the material flow that arises from a container when the ANC explosive is poured, into which the pumpable explosive is introduced.
- the free-flowing explosive and the pumpable explosive are conveyed in separate conveying streams, with a difference in the conveying speed between the conveying stream of the free-flowing explosive and the conveying stream of the pumpable explosive at the time of mixing the one conveying stream with the other . is set.
- a difference in the conveying speed between the conveying stream of the free-flowing explosive and the conveying stream of the pumpable explosive at the time of mixing the one conveying stream with the other . is set.
- a difference in speed creates turbulence in the flow, which supports thorough mixing.
- the point in time of mixing is understood to be any point at which particles of the free-flowing explosive on the flow of the pumpable explosive or the Impact or parts of the emulsion. This may be the point where the ANC explosive and emulsion first meet. However, it can also be any further point at which unmixed partial flows or parts of the two flow rates meet.
- a difference in the conveying speed can be generated in that the mass flow of one conveying flow is lower than that of the other.
- the emulsion can be delivered more slowly than the ANC explosive.
- a difference can also be generated by accelerating a delivery flow by subjecting it to a cross-sectional narrowing.
- a difference in the conveying speed can be generated by slowing down a conveying flow by impact, for example by directing it onto objects, in particular baffle plates.
- a further slowdown of a delivery flow can be generated by subjecting the delivery flow to a cross-sectional expansion.
- the free-flowing or ANC explosive and the emulsion are conveyed in separate conveying streams, the conveying direction of the conveying stream of the emulsion being at an angle to the conveying direction of the conveying stream of the ANC explosive at the time of mixing.
- the different conveying direction means that the particles of the ANC explosive hit the emulsion and break it up, so that greater mixing takes place.
- the conveying direction of the conveying flow of the emulsion is the direction in which the emulsion or parts of the emulsion move shortly before the time of mixing. This can be the direction of flow of a closed stream of emulsion emerging from an opening. But it can also be the direction of movement of individual emulsion parts that move in the mixing area.
- the direction of delivery of the ANC explosive flow is the direction in which the ANC explosive particles are moved shortly before the time of mixing. This can be the main direction of the particles being conveyed in a gas stream, but can also be the direction that a single particle has before the time of mixing.
- a closed flow of the pumpable explosive or the emulsion is dissolved.
- a closed delivery flow is the material flow of the pumpable explosive or the emulsion emerging from an opening.
- a closed delivery flow can also be a partial flow of a material flow of the emulsion emerging from an opening, which is broken down into individual material flows, for example by dividing it on a wedge-shaped element.
- a closed flow is released when it is broken down into a number of smaller partial flows or divided into individual parts that no longer flow in a coherent flow. This can take place through a nozzle which is arranged at the end of a delivery line for the emulsion and through which the closed delivery flow is divided, for example sprayed in a spray cone. Furthermore, a closed delivery stream can be divided into a number of partial streams by a nozzle plate at the end of a delivery line for the emulsion. Likewise, a closed flow can be caused by impact on objects, for example
- the mixing area remains at the same location in relation to the cavity during filling. In this way, measures can be dispensed with that would cause the mixing area to be shifted. This makes the process easy to carry out.
- the mixing area is moved in relation to the cavity during filling.
- the mixing area can lie in an end area of the cavity that is distant from the filling opening, for example in the deepest borehole, and can be moved in the direction of the filling opening during the filling, in particular depending on the increasing filling of the cavity with heavy ANFO explosive.
- the mixing of the emulsion and the ANC explosive and thus the generation of poorly flowable heavy ANFO explosives then takes place at a location from which the heavy ANFO explosive no longer has to be moved. Problems with the transport of heavy ANFO explosives, in particular sticking to surfaces or the use of high transport energies to promote the poorly flowable material, do not occur with this configuration.
- the mixing area is moved in relation to the cavity when a device, at the end of which ANC explosive and emulsion emerge separately from one another, is brought into the end area, for example the deepest hole, at the beginning of the filling with this end.
- the flow of emulsion and ANC explosives emerging from the end then mix in this mixing area in the end area to form Heavy-ANFO explosives.
- the mixing area is moved from the end area towards the filling opening by partially pulling the device out of the cavity. In this way, the mixing area can be kept in the area of the cavity that has not yet been filled with Heavy-ANFO explosives and the Heavy-ANFO explosives can be filled into the cavity in layers.
- the mixing area is moved in relation to the cavity when a device into which the mixing area is at least partially integrated and from which fully or partially mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive emerges from an end of the car is brought into the end area at the beginning of the filling with the exit end and is then pulled out of the cavity in relation to the degree of filling of the cavity with Heavy-ANFO explosives.
- This can be done in a device that is telescopic, so that when the device rests on the filling opening, the outlet end of the device can be retracted in the direction of the filling opening.
- the mixing ratio of the emulsion and the ANC explosive is changed during the filling.
- Cavity can be limited by different materials or material layers for whose optimal detonation different compositions of Heavy-ANFO explosives are necessary.
- the degree of moisture within the cavity can differ, so that a higher proportion of emulsion is required for good explosive properties of the explosive in moist areas, while large amounts of ANC explosive are also sufficient in drier areas to achieve good explosive properties.
- An emulsion explosive is therefore preferably suitable as a so-called foot load, while ANC / ANFO is often a more preferred top load, especially if water is still deep in the borehole.
- the mixing ratio is the percentage by weight of the respective component - emulsion and ANC explosive - in the total weight of the added components.
- this mixing ratio is 10-90% by weight, preferably 20-30% by weight, emulsion matrix or emulsion explosive and 90-10% by weight, preferably 80-70% by weight, ANC explosive.
- the cavity is first partially filled with heavy ANFO explosive mixed from ANC explosive and emulsion and then completely filled with ANC explosive.
- This configuration makes it possible to fill moist areas located deeper in the cavity with Heavy-ANFO explosives in order to obtain an ignitable explosive, and to fill dry, upper areas with inexpensive ANC explosives which detonate in dry areas even without the addition of emulsion.
- a filling device for filling a cavity with pulp-like explosives, the first delivery line for a first flow of free-flowing explosives, a second delivery line for a second flow of pumpable explosives and an end to be attached to a filling opening of the cavity or has a connecting element to be introduced through the filling opening into the cavity for bringing together the first and the second delivery stream.
- the components ANC explosive and emulsion to be mixed into a pulp-like heavy ANFO explosive and emulsion are conveyed separately from one another in a first delivery line and a second delivery line to a filling opening of the cavity and are only brought together there or even in the cavity by a connecting element.
- the heavy-ANFO explosive which is difficult to flow and is produced by mixing the ANC explosive and emulsion when the first and second conveying streams are brought together, is only generated at the filling opening of the cavity or in the cavity.
- the elaborate elements required to transport heavy ANFO explosives for example transport screws, can thus be dispensed with.
- a conveyor line is a component that is suitable for conveying the material to be transported in it. It can be a pipeline, hose line, a channel or another element carrying a mass flow.
- the material of the conveying line can also be matched to the material to be conveyed.
- the delivery line for emulsion and ANC explosives are hoses made of plastic.
- the delivery lines can also be made of metal, in particular aluminum, or other suitable material.
- the separate conveyance of free-flowing and pumpable explosives or ANC explosives and emulsions, as well as the possibility of conveying them in hoses, mean that in the device according to the invention these components can easily be conveyed to the cavity from a storage position away from the cavity. Particularly when filling a large number of boreholes, the production line and the connecting element can easily be carried from borehole to borehole without the vehicle used having to be moved.
- the connecting element serves to bring together the first and the second flow at the filling opening or in the cavity. It leads the first and the second flow in such a way that the ANC explosive and the emulsion mix at the filling opening or in the cavity to form Heavy-ANFO explosive.
- the connecting element can be an element through which the conveying flows flow in lines, and can be mixed in the connecting element.
- the connecting element can also be any element that holds the delivery lines together and influences the flow direction of the delivery flows during mixing by the way they are held together.
- the connecting element connects the ends of the first delivery line to the end of the second delivery line in such a way that the delivery flows emerging from the ends emerge side by side in almost the same direction of flow.
- the conveying streams partially meet and lead to a mixing of the ANC explosive and the emulsion.
- Mixing can be supported by connecting the ends to one another in such a way that the emerging flow rates are directed at one another at an angle.
- the mixing of preferably ANC explosive and emulsion takes place outside the filling device, for example in the cavity.
- the connecting element can be a simple band, which is wound around the parallel and adjacent ends of the conveyor lines for connecting the same.
- the connecting element thus connects a first outlet for ANC explosive provided in the flow direction at the end of the first delivery line with a second outlet for emulsion provided in the flow direction at the end of the second delivery line.
- the device according to the invention can also be used to fill only emulsion or ANC explosives into a cavity.
- other components that are mixed in the cavity to form explosives can also be conveyed in the delivery lines for emulsion and ANC explosives.
- mixtures containing aluminum powder can be conveyed in the first line, which is mixed in the cavity with emulsion from the second delivery line.
- the second delivery line runs at least partially in the first delivery line.
- the filling device can be designed in this way that it can also be inserted into narrow filling openings, for example the mouth of a narrow borehole.
- the one flow of flow emerges within the other flow of flow, as a result of which a good mixture of the flow of flows is generated.
- the second delivery line for the entire filling device can be guided within the first delivery line by a correspondingly large choice of the diameter of the first delivery line.
- the second delivery line is held coaxially to the first delivery line at least at the end of the first delivery line by connecting elements, in particular webs.
- the connecting element can also be designed as a tube which is connected to the first delivery line and into which the second delivery line is inserted.
- the mixing of the first delivery flow with the second delivery flow is preferably controlled in that the second outlet arranged in the flow direction at the end of the second delivery line has at least one nozzle.
- the second flow is accelerated by a nozzle. It can be achieved that the second
- a nozzle can the second flow on
- a nozzle is any cross-sectional narrowing of the flow.
- any element that leads to expansion, dispersion or fragmentation or to its (partial) change in direction of the flow is suitable as a nozzle.
- the first delivery line can also have a nozzle.
- the mixing of the flow rates can take place in the cavity itself, but also in the connecting element.
- the connecting element has a mixing chamber for bringing the first and the second delivery stream together.
- a mixing chamber provided in the connecting element allows the mixing conditions to be kept the same regardless of the cavity to be filled.
- the mixing chamber can thus be designed for a particularly favorable combination of the delivery flows.
- a mixture of the flow rates in the cavity can be inefficient if, for example, the cavity has a very large cross section in relation to the cross sections of the delivery line and the flow rates to be mixed are not brought together well. In such a case in particular, it is advantageous if a consistently good mixture of the flow rates is generated by a predefined mixing chamber.
- a mixing chamber is an area where the flow flows meet and are mixed together.
- the mixing chamber can be a delimited space in the connecting element, which has feed lines for free-flowing and pumpable explosives and an outlet for the mixed flow rates.
- the mixing chamber can also be a partial area of an element in which the delivery flows are brought together.
- the mashing area can thus be part of a pipe in which the first flow is conveyed and into which the emulsion is introduced through a feed line.
- the mixing of the flow rates does not have to be completed when leaving the mixing chamber.
- the conveying flows can be brought together in the mixing chamber of the connecting element and partly mixed, while the complete mixing of free-flowing and pumpable explosives into pulp-like (heavy ANFO) explosives is only completed in the cavity.
- the connecting element can be designed as a simple component with an interior, for example as a tube, into which the second outlet, for example in the form of a feed line, opens.
- the mixing in the mixing chamber is improved by providing static mixers and / or dynamic mixers in the mixing chamber. These supply energy to the intermixed conveying flows or the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive and change their direction of flow. The conveying flows to be mixed are thus brought into better contact with one another, so that an improved mixing is achieved.
- Static mixers are objects arranged in the mixing chamber that hinder a flow. These can be rods, plates, cones or other elements that change the direction of flow of the delivery flow from the side into the mixing chamber. Static mixers can also be baffle plates on which a flow, for example the second flow, strikes and is broken down into partial flows or parts on this baffle plate. Dynamic mixers are driven elements that not only change the flow direction of a delivery flow, but also supply energy to the delivery flow in this change, for example by accelerating it in one direction.
- the filling process can be carried out more easily by providing a support plate projecting from the connecting element.
- the connecting element is inserted into the cavity through a filling opening, it is advantageous if the position of the connecting element is held by the support plate, which rests on the surrounding surface of the filling opening. Then the user of the filling device does not have to hold the filling device during the filling process, which leads to easier operation.
- a support plate can be any element that is suitable for holding the connecting element in its position inserted into the filling opening.
- the support plate will generally be a mostly round plate which rests on the edge of the filling opening.
- a support plate can also be made Individual elements, for example stands, which hold the filling device in the filling opening.
- the support plate can be a tripod.
- the support plate has support elements, for example support feet.
- the support elements can be designed in such a way that they penetrate well into the base surrounding the filling opening.
- the support elements can be conical.
- the connecting element can preferably be moved particularly easily by an operator from borehole to borehole without the conveyor vehicle having to be moved.
- the first delivery line for the free-flowing explosive is connected to a delivery blower and a container for A- ⁇ -ammonium nitrate (AN) or free-flowing explosive or ANC explosive.
- AN prills or ANC explosives can be easily transported in a gas rom as a substance consisting of individual free-flowing particles.
- a conveyor blower is a component that generates a gas flow in which the AN or ANC explosive particles are transported. This can be a blower or a pump, but also the outlet of a pressure vessel or a nozzle, which accelerates an existing gas flow.
- a container for ANC explosives or AN prills is any form of storage for ANC explosives or AN prills from which the ANC explosive particles or AN prills can be introduced into a gas stream.
- These can be closed containers, partly open containers or fill.
- the containers can be stationary or movable containers.
- the container can be mounted on a vehicle, so that the AN prills or the ANC explosives can be transported to the blasting site and filled into the cavity by means of the filling device.
- the connecting element is designed such that it does not close the filling opening of the cavity.
- the gas which is not introduced into the mixed, pulp-like explosive, preferably Heavy-ANFO can escape well from the cavity without the complete filling of the cavity with explosive being hindered by gas inclusions.
- the second delivery line for pumpable explosives or emulsion is connected to a delivery pump which is connected to a mixer for an oil-emulsifier mixture and aqueous nitrate salt solution. The easiest way to convey the emulsion as a pumpable material is with a feed pump.
- an emulsion consisting of an oil-emulsifier mixture and nitrate salt solution with a sensitizing component or a density regulating agent only immediately before it is introduced into the second delivery line.
- Mixing the components oil-emulsifier mixture and nitrate salt solution creates an emulsion matrix which, after mixing with the density regulating agent, forms an emulsion explosive after a reaction time has elapsed. So that no ignitable explosives have to be conveyed in the second delivery line, the components are mixed in such a way that the ignitable emulsion explosives only form when mixed with AN prills or ANC explosives or even only in the cavity.
- the oil-emulsifier mixture and the nitrate salt solution are preferably stored in containers, which containers can be stationary or movable.
- these containers can be provided on a vehicle and mixed with ANC explosive at the blasting site by means of the filling device and filled into a cavity.
- the pumpable explosive or the emulsion can also be stored mixed in a container and, if necessary, transported on a vehicle. This eliminates the mixing process of the emulsion at the blasting site.
- the device can be made simpler, since no mixing and metering elements have to be provided for mixing the emulsion.
- Fig. 2 shows a second filling device in cross section and Fig. 3 shows the first filling device and a filling vehicle used for filling in cross section.
- a first delivery line 2, a second delivery line 3 and an essentially tubular connecting element 1 are shown.
- the first delivery line 2 is connected to the connecting element 1 by means of a first connection 10.
- the second line is connected to the connecting element 1 by means of a connection 15.
- the connecting element 1 has a tubular main body 17 which is angled toward the connection 10.
- a feed line 16 leads from the connection 15 to the main body 17, the feed line being provided at the angle of the main body.
- a nozzle 25 is provided at the end of the feed line 16.
- the feed line 16 forms a sleeve 18 which is aligned at right angles to the flow direction of the ANC explosive in the connection 10.
- a mixing chamber 4 is provided in the tubular main body 17.
- 20 rods are arranged as static mixers, which are directed inwards from the edge of the mixing chamber 4.
- these mixers 20 are purely optional.
- the tubular main body 17 has an outlet 5.
- the first delivery line 2 leads to a delivery blower, not shown, and a container for ANC explosives.
- the second delivery line 3 leads to a mixer for the emulsion, likewise not shown in more detail, mixed from an oil-emulsifier mixture and an aqueous nitrate salt solution.
- a support plate 40 is arranged around the connecting element 1 and protruding therefrom at right angles.
- the support plate 40 has conical support elements 41.
- the connecting element 1 with the outlet 5 is inserted into the filling opening of the cavity until the support elements 41 of the support plate 40 are seated on the base surrounding the filling opening.
- the support elements 41 secure the support plate 40 against displacement and ensure a distance between the base and the support plate 40 through which gas can escape.
- 2 ANC explosives are conveyed through the first delivery line and 3 emulsion into the main body 17 through the second delivery line.
- the emulsion and the ANC explosive are in the mixing chamber 4 of the main body 17 mixed. Due to the arrangement of the sleeve 18, the ANC explosive and the emulsion only meet when they both flow downward almost parallel within the main body 17 in the mixing chamber 4.
- the sleeve 18 prevents the emulsion from being pressed against the wall of the main body 17 by the flow of the ANC explosive and adhering there.
- the flow of the emulsion is expanded conically by the nozzle 25 so that it mixes well with the flow of the ANC explosive. Mixing is further assisted by mixers 20 which swirl the mixture in the mixing chamber.
- the heavy ANFO explosive mixed from ANC explosive and emulsion emerges through outlet 5.
- connection element 1A shows a connection element 1A while retaining the same reference numerals for the same elements, which can be connected to a first delivery line via a connection 10 and to a second delivery line via a connection 15.
- a line 35 connects to the connection 15 and leads through the main body 17 to an outlet 7.
- the outlet 7 has a nozzle 26.
- the main body 17 has an outlet 6.
- the connecting element 1 A is inserted into a filling opening of the cavity.
- ANC explosive enters the main body 17 through the delivery line 2 and is expelled at its outlet 6.
- Emulsion enters the line 35 through the delivery line 3 and is expelled from it through the nozzle 26 of the outlet 7.
- the emulsion emerging from outlet 7 and the ANC explosive emerging from outlet 6 mix into heavy-ANFO explosive in the cavity.
- the mixing process is supported by the expansion of the flow of the emulsion at the nozzle 26.
- FIG. 3 shows a filling vehicle 50 to which the first delivery line 2, the second delivery line 3 and the connecting element 1 are connected while retaining the same reference numbers for the same elements.
- the filling vehicle 50 In order to avoid repetitions, only the structure of the filling vehicle 50 will be described below.
- the filling vehicle 50 carries a number of containers. These are a container 51 for oil-emulsifier mixture, a container 52 for aqueous nitrate salt solution, a container 53 for fuel, a container 54 for aluminum powder and a container 56 for ammonium nitrate prills.
- a transport screw 57 leads through the container 56 to a cellular wheel sluice 58, which is placed on a blow-out pipe 59.
- the blow-out pipe 59 is on an air transport hose 62 is connected, at the other end of which a conveying fan 55 is arranged.
- the first delivery line 2 connects to the blow-out pipe 59.
- a continuous mixer 61 and a feed pump 60 are provided on the filling vehicle 50, the second feed line 3 connecting to the feed pump 60.
- connection element 1 is inserted into the borehole mouth 31 of a borehole 30.
- ANC explosives are produced on the filling vehicle by mixing fuel from the container 53 and ammonium nitrate prills from the container 56 in the transport screw 57.
- the ANC explosive metered by the cellular wheel sluice 58 is introduced into the air flow set by the feed pump 55. With the air flow, it forms the flow of the ANC explosive, which is conveyed through the delivery line 2 to the connecting element 1.
- the emulsion and the ANC explosive are mixed to form Heavy-ANFO explosive, which is introduced into the borehole 30 through the outlet 5.
- the diameter of the main body 17 is chosen such that it is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, so that the gas used to convey the ANC explosive can escape well from the borehole 30 and does not form gas inclusions in the borehole 30.
- explosives can be conveyed into the borehole at a conveying speed of 100 to 200 kg / min. Drill holes with a diameter of only 90 mm can also be filled.
- the filling device according to the invention can be complex Conveyors for heavy ANFO explosives are dispensed with. Smaller borehole diameters can also be filled. The method according to the invention is therefore economical.
- Outlet 0 first connection 5 second connection 6 supply line 7 main body 0 static mixer 5 nozzle 6 nozzle 0 drill hole 1 hole mouth 0 support plate 1 support element 0 filling vehicle 1 container for oil-emulsifier mixture 2 containers for aqueous nitrate salt solution 3 containers for fuel 4 containers for aluminum powder 5 Delivery blower 6 Container for ammonium nitrate prills 7 Transport screw 8 Cell wheel lock 9 Blow-out pipe 0 Delivery pump 1 Mixer 2 Air transport hose
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10105590A DE10105590B4 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2001-02-06 | Method and apparatus for filling a cavity with mash explosive |
DE10105590 | 2001-02-06 | ||
PCT/EP2002/001251 WO2002063234A1 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1360456A1 true EP1360456A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1360456B1 EP1360456B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
Family
ID=7673198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02711841A Expired - Lifetime EP1360456B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosive |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1360456B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10105590B4 (en) |
PL (1) | PL198045B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002063234A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103424043B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 青岛拓极采矿服务有限公司 | Underground lift emulsion field mixed loading truck |
FR3106073B1 (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-01-21 | Nitrates & Innovation | Installation for preparing an explosive composition and process for preparing an explosive composition |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL32183A (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1973-01-30 | Int Research & Dev Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for mixing and pumping fluid explosive compositions |
BE793571A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-04-16 | Nitro Nobel Ab | PRODEDE AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING EXPLOSIVES IN DRILL HOLES |
US4614146A (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1986-09-30 | Les Explosifs Nordex Ltee/Nordex Explosives Ltd. | Mix-delivery system for explosives |
GB2187490B (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1989-12-06 | Aeci Ltd | Charging of explosives into boreholes |
DE3642139A1 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-23 | Msw Chemie Gmbh | Composition and process for producing an ammonium nitrate explosive |
CA1315573C (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1993-04-06 | Phil O'garr | Method and apparatus for charging waterlogged boreholes with explosives |
AUPM955094A0 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1994-12-15 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | Apparatus and process for explosives mixing and loading |
DE19637024C2 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1999-04-08 | Appenzeller Albert | Method and device for producing explosives and for filling explosive and boreholes |
US5907119A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-05-25 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Method of preventing afterblast sulfide dust explosions |
-
2001
- 2001-02-06 DE DE10105590A patent/DE10105590B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 WO PCT/EP2002/001251 patent/WO2002063234A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-06 PL PL362871A patent/PL198045B1/en unknown
- 2002-02-06 DE DE50203620T patent/DE50203620D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-06 EP EP02711841A patent/EP1360456B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02063234A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1360456B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
DE50203620D1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
DE10105590A1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
PL362871A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
WO2002063234A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
DE10105590B4 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
PL198045B1 (en) | 2008-05-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2202246C3 (en) | Method and apparatus for filling an upwardly sloping borehole in rock formations | |
DE69409561T2 (en) | Process for loading essentially horizontal boreholes with explosives | |
EP2621698B1 (en) | Mixing apparatus for pumpable mixtures and method related thereto | |
WO2001076728A1 (en) | Foam, spray or atomizer nozzle | |
EP1566211A1 (en) | Static mixer and use thereof | |
EP1571136A2 (en) | High-viscosity emulsion explosive, process for the production thereof and process for transferring it | |
EP0136523B1 (en) | Process and device for pneumatic output of hydromechanically transported hydraulic building material in underground mining | |
DE2012992C3 (en) | Method and device for producing a filler-containing foam | |
EP0206224B1 (en) | Device for the pneumatic application of a hardenable building material hydromechanically transported in a highly viscous flow, particularly of a hydraulically injected concrete or mortar | |
DE2239644A1 (en) | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF EXPLOSIVE Sludge in the mining industry | |
EP1360456B1 (en) | Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosive | |
AT521824B1 (en) | Process and device for forming binder-soil mixture bodies | |
DE4329568C2 (en) | Device for conveying a dry, spreadable building material and method for using this device in earth building | |
DE2241113A1 (en) | Rotatable feed nozzle - for mixing/homogenizing systems has nozzle flow axis vertical to axis of rotation | |
EP0616839A1 (en) | Method and device for continuously mixing of several solid and/or liquid components especially for making concrete | |
DE19932954C2 (en) | injection molding | |
DE10016926C2 (en) | Foaming device | |
DE3709236A1 (en) | Device for the production and conveying of floor screed | |
DE10310599A1 (en) | Spraying concrete spray onto an object via nozzles with addition of carbon dioxide to the concrete useful as a safety measure in tunnel and side wall construction and for construction of mine walls | |
DE4334801A1 (en) | Method and device for the continuous mixing of several solid and / or liquid material components, in particular for the production of concrete | |
DE19637024C2 (en) | Method and device for producing explosives and for filling explosive and boreholes | |
EP3939695A1 (en) | Device and method for feeding and mixing in an additive into a hydraulically settable mixture | |
EP0906875B1 (en) | Silo | |
DE2339601A1 (en) | Introduction of explosive slurry and powder into boreholes - using compressed air and filling hose | |
DE3600547A1 (en) | Process and device for producing and conveying a construction material |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030908 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20040212 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: RO |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050713 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50203620 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050818 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051024 |
|
GBV | Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed] |
Effective date: 20050713 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20060418 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CA Effective date: 20130419 Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Owner name: MAXAM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH Effective date: 20130419 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 50203620 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: LORENZ SEIDLER GOSSEL RECHTSANWAELTE PATENTANW, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20190227 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20190227 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20190225 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50203620 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20200229 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200229 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200229 |