EP1354522A2 - Cigarette filter and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Cigarette filter and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1354522A2 EP1354522A2 EP03004594A EP03004594A EP1354522A2 EP 1354522 A2 EP1354522 A2 EP 1354522A2 EP 03004594 A EP03004594 A EP 03004594A EP 03004594 A EP03004594 A EP 03004594A EP 1354522 A2 EP1354522 A2 EP 1354522A2
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- Prior art keywords
- filter
- fibers
- length
- component
- strand
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
- A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
- A24D3/065—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers with sheath/core of bi-component type structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
- A24D3/163—Carbon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a filter for articles tobacco processing industry, especially for cigarettes, comprising at least two filter components, wherein a filter component is a type of multi-component fiber is.
- the invention further relates to a Process for producing a corresponding filter for articles of the tobacco processing industry, in particular for cigarettes.
- DE 30 28 328 A1 describes a method for manufacturing a filter mass, especially for cigarette filters known.
- the process is based on a fiber containing mass, which is a homogeneous mixture represents different types of fibers.
- This is a synthetic, at a relatively low temperature melting and thereby causing fiber and also a more heat resistant, pollutant Tobacco smoke absorbing fiber contained in the mixture, even before applying heat to a cylindrical one Body is shaped, for example the Dimensions of a cigarette filter.
- the process sees the use of at least two different ones Types of fibers before, one against the applied Insensitive to heat, but absorbs pollutants in the smoke is.
- the second fiber melts under the one used Heat completely, resulting in that of this fiber originally occupied space in all directions extending network of interconnected Pore forms, which is open to the passage of smoke remains.
- the molten mass forms at the crossing points of the absorbent fibers these together connecting droplets.
- the filters produced in this way have the disadvantage that an inhomogeneous distribution over the filter produced of the drag is caused. Furthermore which the tobacco smoke, or the components from the Fibers absorbing tobacco smoke through the melted Components partially covered, so that the absorption properties deteriorate.
- it is an object of the present invention specify a filter that has a homogeneous structure has that is easy to manufacture, and the very variable from the filter properties can be. It is also an object of the present Invention to provide a corresponding method with the appropriate filter simple, effective and can be produced in a variable and homogeneous manner can.
- a filter for articles the tobacco processing industry especially for Cigarettes comprising at least two filter components, which is further developed in that a filter component is a type of multi-component fiber, the length of the multi-component fibers being smaller is than the length of the filter.
- the inventive development of the known Filters can be very homogeneous, a corresponding variability is made possible and an easy manufacture.
- the length is preferred of the multi-component fibers between 0.5 mm and 30 mm. Also preferred is the length of the multi-component fibers between 2 mm and 8 mm and in particular between 3 mm and 6 mm.
- the Shell material has a lower melting point than that Having core material can be a very secure bond of fibers are generated in the filter, doing this the filter or the mixture of fibers to which the filter is made, to a temperature brought, which is slightly above the melting point of the Cover material is, so that a corresponding gluing of filter components is made possible.
- the multi-component fiber is a bicomponent fiber. With a corresponding bicomponent fiber can be made of polyethylene (PE) and the core for example made of polyester (PET) respectively Polyethylene terephthalate. The melting point of the shell is then at 127 ° C and the melting point of the core 256 ° C.
- a corresponding Bicomponent fiber is made by Trevira (65926 Frankfurt, Germany).
- the Trevira company has the type designation 255, has a titer of 3.0 dtex, a cutting length between 3 and 6 mm, a core made of PES (chemical fiber made of polyester) and a coat or a shell Copolyethylene, the jacket or the Envelope is modified increased liability, that is, with Additives are provided which result in a lower surface tension to lead.
- stick and / or stick on at least some of the filter components Points of contact with the multi-component fibers.
- the term “contact point” includes also the terms “crossing point” and "attachment point”. Adhesion and / or sticking is then achieved if the filter components and especially the Multi-component fibers heated to a temperature be above the melting temperature of the shell lies. In this case, the shell softens accordingly or melts them, so that an adhesive bond or adhesive connection to others Components of the filter arise at points of contact can. After the corresponding filter components have cooled down a very dimensionally stable filter is created.
- another type of fiber another Filter component is a very environmentally friendly Filters are made, namely if the further Type of fibers, for example, biodegradable or are bio-producible.
- the coal can be activated.
- It other fibers can also be used, for example Hemp fiber or cotton fiber or the like. These fibers adsorb and / or absorb preferably components of tobacco smoke effectively.
- the length of the other type of fiber is preferred smaller than the length of the filter and is preferably between 0.1 mm and 30 mm and in particular between 0.2 mm and 10 mm.
- a powdery or granular material is another filter component, it is possible very to effectively filter gaseous smoke.
- the powdery or granular material preferably around activated carbon powder or granules from activated carbon.
- it can also are appropriate catalysts the absorption of smoke components increase respectively a chemical conversion into smokers harmless Cause components.
- a major advantage the invention is that the effective surface of the powder or granules, the one is another filter component, compared to corresponding Filters made from cellulose acetate, the are mixed with powder, for example, significantly increased is because there is no adhesive like triacitine on the surface covered.
- the proportion of multi-component fibers is between 2% and 100% and the share of other fibers between 0% and 98%.
- the percentages are within the scope of the invention the proportions of materials, especially as To understand weight percentages.
- a particularly effective way of binding cigarette smoke Filter is given when the proportion of powder or granular material between 80% by weight or 100% by weight and preferably 90% by weight.
- the filter is preferably part of a multiple filter.
- the term includes Multiple filters also include the term multi-segment filter.
- the filter according to the invention is thus the entire filter for example a cigarette or a segment of one Multiple filter.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to to produce a very homogeneous filter, one inexpensive manufacture is possible and being a correspondingly high variability in production given is.
- the temperature at which the fiber strand is heated is preferably greater than the melting temperature the shell or the outer jacket of the multi-component fibers. This is available from a cover For example, polyethylene at over 127 ° C.
- Bicomponent fiber used is a polyester core preferred, which has a melting temperature of 256 ° C. has, so that the fiber strand preferably to a Temperature is heated below 256 ° C.
- the fiber strand in a temperature range between 127 ° C and 150 ° C heated.
- a very cost-effective and also environmentally friendly Filters can be manufactured.
- Another suitable ingredient is for example a cellulose fiber.
- Appropriate Cellulose fibers can be obtained, for example, from Stora Enso Pulp, from Falun, Sweden. On corresponding cellulose fiber type, which is preferred is used is called Stora Fluff EF.
- Stora Fluff EF As another component can also be a powder or granular Part of an adsorber, absorber, catalyst or flavors are used.
- a particularly effective and simple procedure is given if at least to generate the strand part of the components on a grant is formed.
- an appropriate one Filter strand or corresponding filter on particularly homogeneous way It becomes this referred to the manufacture of tobacco strands that is described for example in DE 36 24 098 C2.
- a corresponding method can preferably also be used for Manufacture of filters are used, the Starting components in a loose mixture of the production of the strand, and then accordingly as in the manufacture of tobacco rod in particular onto a suction belt and then processed further to become.
- the content of DE 36 24 098 C2 can insofar for the manufacturing process of filters respectively Filter strands are applied.
- the shivered Fibers are present in a length that is preferably less than the length of the one to be produced Filter.
- a particularly effective and inexpensive Filters can be produced if at least one another ingredient in powder form or as granules is added to the strand during heating or when Seek the multi-component fibers or the Mix is added. If, for example, a powder is added from activated carbon, so it is possible to get one very large surface area on the carbon powder particles provide so that effectively fewer carbon particles must be added. Furthermore, it is not then more necessary, an activated carbon granulate filter for one To provide multiple filters, which is relatively expensive is in the making. It is also a more homogeneous one Mixing of the powder in the multi-component fibers or possible in the mixture of fibers than at a granulate filter. In addition, the draft resistance more constant and easier to influence.
- the strand is shaped using a format set is produced, in particular a cylindrical shape , it is possible to obtain the required gauge blocks to produce filters in a simple manner manufacture.
- a format set is produced, in particular a cylindrical shape
- DE 36 24 098 C2 referenced in the corresponding format set is described, by means of which, however, a cigarette rod is produced.
- a corresponding, on the physical Properties of the filter components adapted Format furniture can be used according to this invention Find.
- the strand is preferably used during molding compacted. It is also in one embodiment possible to cover the strand with a wrapping material envelop.
- a paper strip is suitable as wrapping material, that of a bobbin, for example is pulled off and on a driven format tape is placed.
- the format tape transports the Filter strand or the fiber strand and the Paper strips through a corresponding format set, in which the paper strip is folded around the fiber strand is so that an edge protrudes from a Glue is glued in a known manner. Finally the adhesive seam is closed and a seam plate dried.
- the strand is heated in or after the Forming in the format set. Preferably happens the heating after cutting the filter strand in Filter n times the length of use or filter rods. Finally the filter is cut to length or cut off.
- filters of n times the working length are generated, which are then used to manufacture, for example Filter cigarettes continue to be used.
- n is here a natural number and preferably even. If, for example the filter then between two Brought tobacco sticks and connected to them, is n two, so the filter is twice the usable length after connecting with the tobacco sticks in the middle is cut to act as a filter for two cigarettes to serve.
- a filter is preferably manufactured according to inventive method or a preferred Embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided.
- a cigarette with a tobacco stick and one of the aforementioned according to the invention Provide filters or preferred filters.
- FIGS. 1a to 1d show a schematic Cross-sectional representation of filter cigarettes.
- the respective Filters 10 in FIGS. 1a to 1d are each different built up.
- the filter 10 consists of bicomponent fibers 12, for example from bicomponent fibers of the type 255 from Trevira (65926 Frankfurt, Germany), the described above with regard to their properties were.
- the bicomponent fibers 12 consist of a Core 20, for example, made of PES, i.e. a chemical fiber made of polyester or PET, i.e. polyester.
- the envelope 21 consists in this embodiment of PE (polyethylene).
- the melting point of the shell is 127 ° C and the Melting temperature of the core 256 ° C.
- To a corresponding Making filters is the bicomponent fiber mixed accordingly, with loose fibers one finite length that is less than the length of the filter to be manufactured.
- the bicomponent fibers have one Cutting length of 6 mm.
- the filter to be manufactured has a length of 21 mm.
- the bicomponent fibers are used to manufacture the Filters onto a suction conveyor to get one Electricity or a strand of bicomponent fibers to build.
- This stream or strand off Bicomponent fibers are then made using a format set into the filter shape, preferably a cylindrical one, shaped and wrapped with wrapping paper 17.
- a format set into the filter shape preferably a cylindrical one, shaped and wrapped with wrapping paper 17.
- the sheath 21 of the bicomponent fibers 12 so that the shell melts or melts.
- To a subsequent cooling then turned to the Crossing points 18 of the bicomponent fibers connections formed to a composite of the bicomponent fibers lead in the strand.
- the corresponding warming of the Strands can be placed in the format set before the filter is formed happen.
- a filter which consists of a Mixture of fibers consists, on the one hand bicomponent fibers 12 find use and on the other hand cellulose fibers 13.
- a mixture is preferably formed from 20 to 30% bicomponent fibers and 70 to 80% cellulose fibers used.
- the cellulose fibers serve here as absorption or adsorption fibers and the bicomponent fibers with the appropriate gluing points the crossing points 18 as a scaffold. It should be noted that not only the bicomponent fibers together are glued, but also the cellulose fibers to the Crossing points 18 with the bicomponent fibers.
- a further filter which consists of consists of three components, being an additional component an activated carbon granulate 14 is used.
- This Activated carbon granulate particles or activated carbon powder particles stick to one corresponding attachment point 19 on the bicomponent fibers. Because of the small sticking point or glue point the carbon particle 14 on the bicomponent fiber 12 results there is a large free surface in the carbon particles, that is active.
- Granules or powders can also other adsorbates, catalysts and / or flavors Find use.
- the grain size of the activated carbon powder is preferably at most 10 ⁇ m. It can for example 20 mg corresponding to a filter to be added.
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image a corresponding part of a filter with a Mixture of bicomponent fibers 12, cellulose fibers 13 and particles of an activated carbon powder 14. It can be seen particularly well that the activated carbon particles 14 stick to the bicomponent fibers. However, there are also some activated carbon particles 14 on a cellulose fiber 13 arranged that adhere there, but less fixed than on the bicomponent fiber 12.
- a multiple filter 10 ' is shown, the consists of a filter element 16, for example can comprise a conventional cellulose acetate and one Filter element 16 ', for example the filter element from Fig. 1c correspond to the composition can.
- a filter manufactured according to the invention preferably has a length of 21 mm, a diameter of 7.8 mm, a weight of 110 mg, a tensile resistance of 55 mm water column.
- the filter comprises 75% cellulose fibers of the type stora Fluff EF with a fiber length of 0.4 mm and 25% Type 255 bicomponent fibers from Trevira a cutting length of 6 mm and a diameter of 25 microns.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a cross section through a filter cigarette corresponding to the Figures 1a to 1d.
- the filter according to the invention two filter elements 16 and 16 ', the filter element 16 'a mixture of bicomponent fibers 12 and granular activated carbon 14 or activated carbon powder 14.
- On particularly preferred mixture comprises between 80 and 95 % Activated carbon granules or powder 14 and 5 to 20% Bicomponent fibers 12.
- A is particularly preferred Mixing ratio of approx. 90% activated carbon granules or powder 14 and about 10% bicomponent fibers 12. Im The percentages in particular are within the scope of this invention Percentages by weight.
- the activated carbon granulate or powder is, for example Granules Norit GCN 3060 from Norit Nederland B.V.
- the grain size for 90% of the granules is between 0.25 mm and 0.59 mm.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image a section through a filter according to the invention, comprising approx. 10% bicomponent fibers 12 and approx. 90% Activated carbon granules 14. This is a 205x magnification.
- a scale is displayed that covers a total of 1 mm, the units within this scale 100 microns are great.
- the activated carbon granules 14 can be seen in FIG. 6 is held in a matrix of bicomponent fibers 12, where holding in particular by adhering to the Bicomponent fibers is possible after this when Manufacturing process of the filter for melting the Coat have been brought.
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- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Filter für Artikel der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie, insbesondere für Zigaretten, umfassend wenigstens zwei Filterkomponenten, wobei eine Filterkomponente eine Sorte einer Mehrfachkomponentenfaser ist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines entsprechenden Filters für Artikel der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie, insbesondere für Zigaretten.The invention relates to a filter for articles tobacco processing industry, especially for cigarettes, comprising at least two filter components, wherein a filter component is a type of multi-component fiber is. The invention further relates to a Process for producing a corresponding filter for articles of the tobacco processing industry, in particular for cigarettes.
Aus der DE 30 28 328 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Filtermasse, insbesondere für Zigarettenfilter bekannt. Das Verfahren geht hierbei von einer Fasern enthaltenden Masse aus, die sich als homogenes Gemisch verschiedenartiger Fasern darstellt. Hierzu ist eine synthetische, bei verhältnismäßig niederer Temperatur schmelzende und dabei Adhäsion bewirkende Faser und außerdem eine mehr wärmebeständige, Schadstoffe aus Tabakrauch absorbierende, Faser in dem Gemisch enthalten, das schon vor der Wärmeanwendung zu einem zylindrischen Körper geformt wird, der beispielsweise die Abmessungen eines Zigarettenfilters hat. Hierbei wird erreicht, daß der Durchsaugwiderstand bei gesteigerter Filterwirkung verbessert wird. Das Verfahren sieht hierbei die Verwendung von wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Arten von Fasern vor, deren eine gegen die angewandte Wärme unempfindlich, aber Schadstoffe im Rauch absorbierend ist. Die zweite Faser schmilzt unter der angewandten Wärme völlig, wodurch der von dieser Faser ursprünglich eingenommene Raum ein sich in allen Richtungen erstreckendes Netz untereinander verbundener Poren bildet, der für den Durchtritt des Rauches offen bleibt. Die geschmolzene Masse bildet an den Kreuzungspunkten der absorbierenden Fasern diese miteinander verbindende Tröpfchen.DE 30 28 328 A1 describes a method for manufacturing a filter mass, especially for cigarette filters known. The process is based on a fiber containing mass, which is a homogeneous mixture represents different types of fibers. This is a synthetic, at a relatively low temperature melting and thereby causing fiber and also a more heat resistant, pollutant Tobacco smoke absorbing fiber contained in the mixture, even before applying heat to a cylindrical one Body is shaped, for example the Dimensions of a cigarette filter. Here will achieved that the suction resistance at increased Filter effect is improved. The process sees the use of at least two different ones Types of fibers before, one against the applied Insensitive to heat, but absorbs pollutants in the smoke is. The second fiber melts under the one used Heat completely, resulting in that of this fiber originally occupied space in all directions extending network of interconnected Pore forms, which is open to the passage of smoke remains. The molten mass forms at the crossing points of the absorbent fibers these together connecting droplets.
Die derart hergestellten Filter haben den Nachteil, daß über den hergestellten Filter eine inhomogene Verteilung des Zugwiderstandes hervorgerufen wird. Ferner werden die den Tabakrauch, bzw. die Bestandteile aus dem Tabakrauch absorbierenden Fasern durch die geschmolzenen Bestandteile teilweise überdeckt, so daß die Absorptionseigenschaften verschlechtert werden.The filters produced in this way have the disadvantage that an inhomogeneous distribution over the filter produced of the drag is caused. Furthermore which the tobacco smoke, or the components from the Fibers absorbing tobacco smoke through the melted Components partially covered, so that the absorption properties deteriorate.
Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Filter anzugeben, der einen homogenen Aufbau aufweist, der einfach hergestellt werden kann, und der von den Filtereigenschaften sehr variabel eingestellt werden können. Es ist ferner eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein entsprechendes Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem ein entsprechender Filter einfach, effektiv und entsprechend variabel und homogen hergestellt werden kann.In contrast, it is an object of the present invention specify a filter that has a homogeneous structure has that is easy to manufacture, and the very variable from the filter properties can be. It is also an object of the present Invention to provide a corresponding method with the appropriate filter simple, effective and can be produced in a variable and homogeneous manner can.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Filter für Artikel der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie, insbesondere für Zigaretten, umfassend wenigstens zwei Filterkomponenten, der dadurch weitergebildet ist, daß eine Filterkomponente eine Sorte einer Mehrfachkomponentenfaser ist, wobei die Länge der Mehrfachkomponentenfasern kleiner ist als die Länge des Filters.This task is solved by a filter for articles the tobacco processing industry, especially for Cigarettes comprising at least two filter components, which is further developed in that a filter component is a type of multi-component fiber, the length of the multi-component fibers being smaller is than the length of the filter.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung des bekannten Filters kann dieser sehr homogen ausgestaltet sein, wobei eine entsprechende Variabilität ermöglicht ist und eine einfache Herstellung. Vorzugsweise ist die Länge der Mehrfachkomponentenfasern zwischen 0,5 mm und 30 mm. Ferner vorzugsweise ist die Länge der Mehrfachkomponentenfasern zwischen 2 mm und 8 mm und insbesondere zwischen 3 mm und 6 mm.The inventive development of the known Filters can be very homogeneous, a corresponding variability is made possible and an easy manufacture. The length is preferred of the multi-component fibers between 0.5 mm and 30 mm. Also preferred is the length of the multi-component fibers between 2 mm and 8 mm and in particular between 3 mm and 6 mm.
Sofern die Mehrfachkomponentenfasern einen Kern und eine Hülle unterschiedlichen Materials umfassen, wobei das Hüllenmaterial einen niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt als das Kernmaterial aufweist, kann ein sehr sicherer Verbund der Fasern in dem Filter erzeugt werden, wobei hierzu der Filter beziehungsweise das Gemisch aus Fasern, aus dem der Filter hergestellt wird, auf eine Temperatur gebracht wird, die etwas oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Hüllenmaterials liegt, so daß ein entsprechendes Verkleben von Filterkomponenten ermöglicht ist. Vorzugsweise ist die Mehrfachkomponentenfaser eine Bikomponentenfaser. Bei einer entsprechenden Bikomponentenfaser kann die Hülle aus Polyethylen (PE) sein und der Kern beispielsweise aus Polyester (PET) beziehungsweise Polyethylenterephthalat. Der Schmelzpunkt der Hülle liegt dann bei 127° C und der Schmelzpunkt des Kerns bei 256° C. Hierdurch ist eine sehr formstabile Bikomponentenfaser gegeben, deren Hüllenmaterial einen niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt aufweist als das Kernmaterial. Eine entsprechende Bikomponentenfaser wird von der Fa. Trevira (65926 Frankfurt, Deutschland) angeboten. Eine beispielsweise und vorzugsweise verwendete Bikomponentenfaser der Fa. Trevira trägt die Typenbezeichnung 255, hat einen Titer von 3,0 dtex, eine Schnittlänge zwischen 3 und 6 mm, einen Kern aus PES (Chemiefaser aus Polyester) und einen Mantel beziehungsweise eine Hülle aus Copolyethylen, wobei der Mantel beziehungsweise die Hülle haftungserhöht modifiziert ist, das heißt mit Additiven versehen ist, die zu einer geringeren Oberflächenspannung führen.If the multi-component fibers have a core and a Include envelope of different material, the Shell material has a lower melting point than that Having core material can be a very secure bond of fibers are generated in the filter, doing this the filter or the mixture of fibers to which the filter is made, to a temperature brought, which is slightly above the melting point of the Cover material is, so that a corresponding gluing of filter components is made possible. Preferably the multi-component fiber is a bicomponent fiber. With a corresponding bicomponent fiber can be made of polyethylene (PE) and the core for example made of polyester (PET) respectively Polyethylene terephthalate. The melting point of the shell is then at 127 ° C and the melting point of the core 256 ° C. This is a very dimensionally stable bicomponent fiber given, the shell material a lower Has melting point as the core material. A corresponding Bicomponent fiber is made by Trevira (65926 Frankfurt, Germany). For example and preferably used bicomponent fiber the Trevira company has the type designation 255, has a titer of 3.0 dtex, a cutting length between 3 and 6 mm, a core made of PES (chemical fiber made of polyester) and a coat or a shell Copolyethylene, the jacket or the Envelope is modified increased liability, that is, with Additives are provided which result in a lower surface tension to lead.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform haften und/oder kleben wenigstens ein Teil der Filterkomponenten an Berührungspunkten mit den Mehrfachkomponentenfasern. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung umfaßt der Begriff "Berührungspunkt" auch den Begriff "Kreuzungspunkt" und "Anhaftstelle". Ein Anhaften und/oder Kleben wird dann erreicht, wenn die Filterkomponenten und insbesondere die Mehrfachkomponentenfasern auf eine Temperatur erhitzt werden, die oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hülle liegt. In diesem Fall weicht die Hülle entsprechend auf beziehungsweise schmilzt diese an, so daß eine Haftverbindung beziehungsweise Klebeverbindung zu weiteren Komponenten des Filters an Berührungspunkten entstehen können. Nach Erkalten der entsprechenden Filterkomponenten wird so ein sehr formstabiler Filter erzeugt.In a preferred embodiment, stick and / or stick on at least some of the filter components Points of contact with the multi-component fibers. in the Within the scope of this invention, the term “contact point” includes also the terms "crossing point" and "attachment point". Adhesion and / or sticking is then achieved if the filter components and especially the Multi-component fibers heated to a temperature be above the melting temperature of the shell lies. In this case, the shell softens accordingly or melts them, so that an adhesive bond or adhesive connection to others Components of the filter arise at points of contact can. After the corresponding filter components have cooled down a very dimensionally stable filter is created.
Wenn vorzugsweise eine andere Sorte Fasern eine weitere Filterkomponente ist, kann ein sehr umweltschonender Filter hergestellt werden, wenn nämlich die weitere Sorte Fasern beispielsweise biologisch abbaubar oder biologisch herstellbar sind. Hierbei sei insbesondere vorzugsweise an Cellulosefasern gedacht oder an Kohlefasern, wobei die Kohle hierbei aktiviert sein kann. Es können auch weitere Fasern Verwendung finden wie beispielsweise Hanffasern oder Baumwollfaser oder dergleichen. Diese Fasern adsorbieren und/oder absorbieren vorzugsweise Bestandteile von Tabakrauch effektiv. Die Länge der anderen Sorte Fasern ist hierbei vorzugsweise kleiner als die Länge des Filters und liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 mm und 30 mm und insbesondere zwischen 0,2 mm und 10 mm.If preferably another type of fiber another Filter component is a very environmentally friendly Filters are made, namely if the further Type of fibers, for example, biodegradable or are bio-producible. Here in particular preferably thought of cellulose fibers or carbon fibers, the coal can be activated. It other fibers can also be used, for example Hemp fiber or cotton fiber or the like. These fibers adsorb and / or absorb preferably components of tobacco smoke effectively. The The length of the other type of fiber is preferred smaller than the length of the filter and is preferably between 0.1 mm and 30 mm and in particular between 0.2 mm and 10 mm.
Wenn in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein pulverförmiges oder granulatförmiges Material eine weitere Filterkomponente ist, ist es möglich, sehr effektiv gasförmigen Rauch zu filtern. Bei dem pulverförmigen bzw. granulatförmigen Material handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Aktivkohlepulver beziehungsweise Granulat aus Aktivkohle. Es kann sich hierbei allerdings auch um entsprechende Katalysatoren handeln, die die Absorption von Bestandteilen von Rauch erhöhen beziehungsweise eine chemische Umwandlung in für den Raucher ungefährliche Bestandteile hervorrufen. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß die wirksame Oberfläche des Pulvers beziehungsweise des Granulats, das eine weitere Filterkomponente ist, im Vergleich zu entsprechenden aus Celluloseacetat hergestellten Filtern, die mit beispielsweise Pulver versetzt sind, deutlich erhöht ist, da kein Klebemittel wie Triacitin die Oberfläche bedeckt. Es findet lediglich eine Anhaftung beispielsweise an den Mehrfachkomponentenfasern statt, so daß der Teil der Oberfläche, der nicht an der Faser klebt, frei bleibt und somit für die Adsorption bzw. Absorption zur Verfügung steht. Als pulver- oder granulatförmiges Material können auch entsprechend Geschmacksstoffe gewählt werden, wovon dann im Rahmen der Erfindung weniger Menge Verwendung finden muß, um einen gleichen Geschmackseffekt zu erzielen. Bei dem pulver- beziehungsweise granulatförmigen Material handelt es sich bevorzugt um ein adsorbierendes Material.If in a preferred embodiment of the invention a powdery or granular material is another filter component, it is possible very to effectively filter gaseous smoke. In the powdery or granular material preferably around activated carbon powder or granules from activated carbon. However, it can also are appropriate catalysts, the absorption of smoke components increase respectively a chemical conversion into smokers harmless Cause components. A major advantage the invention is that the effective surface of the powder or granules, the one is another filter component, compared to corresponding Filters made from cellulose acetate, the are mixed with powder, for example, significantly increased is because there is no adhesive like triacitine on the surface covered. There is only an attachment, for example on the multi-component fibers instead, so that the Part of the surface that does not stick to the fiber is free remains and thus for adsorption or absorption Available. As powder or granular Material can also be flavored accordingly can be selected, of which then within the scope of the invention less amount needs to be used to get the same To achieve a taste effect. With the powder respectively granular material preferably around an adsorbent material.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist der Anteil an Mehrfachkomponentenfasern zwischen 2 % und 100 % und der Anteil der anderen Fasern zwischen 0 % und 98 %. Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind die Prozentangaben der Anteile von Materialien, insbesondere als Gewichtsprozentangaben zu verstehen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention the proportion of multi-component fibers is between 2% and 100% and the share of other fibers between 0% and 98%. The percentages are within the scope of the invention the proportions of materials, especially as To understand weight percentages.
Ein den Zigarettenrauch besonders effektiv bindender Filter ist dann gegeben, wenn der Anteil des pulverförmigen oder granulatförmigen Materials zwischen 80 Gew.% oder 100 Gew.% und vorzugsweise bei 90 Gew.% liegt.A particularly effective way of binding cigarette smoke Filter is given when the proportion of powder or granular material between 80% by weight or 100% by weight and preferably 90% by weight.
Vorzugsweise ist der Filter Bestandteil eines Mehrfach-Filters. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung umfaßt der Begriff Mehrfachfilter auch den Begriff Multisegmentfilter. Der Filter gemäß der Erfindung ist somit der gesamte Filter einer beispielsweise Zigarette oder ein Segment eines Mehrfachfilters.The filter is preferably part of a multiple filter. In the context of this invention, the term includes Multiple filters also include the term multi-segment filter. The The filter according to the invention is thus the entire filter for example a cigarette or a segment of one Multiple filter.
Die Erfindung wird ferner durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Filters für Artikel der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie gelöst, das die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfaßt:
- Erzeugen eines Strangs, umfassend wenigstens eine Sorte Mehrfachkomponentenfasern, deren Länge kleiner ist als die Länge des herzustellenden Filters, als Bestandteil des Strangs,
- Erwärmen des Faserstrangs auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hülle der wenigstens einen Sorte Mehrfachkomponentenfasern, und
- Abkühlen des Faserstrangs auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hülle der wenigstens einen Sorte Mehrfachkomponentenfasern.
- Producing a strand comprising at least one type of multi-component fibers, the length of which is shorter than the length of the filter to be produced, as part of the strand,
- Heating the fiber strand to a temperature above the melting temperature of the casing of the at least one type of multi-component fibers, and
- Cooling the fiber strand to a temperature below the melting temperature of the casing of the at least one type of multi-component fibers.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist es möglich, einen sehr homogenen Filter herzustellen, wobei eine kostengünstige Herstellung möglich ist und wobei eine entsprechend hohe Variabilität bei der Herstellung gegeben ist. Die Temperatur, auf die der Faserstrang erwärmt wird, ist vorzugsweise größer als die Schmelztemperatur der Hülle bzw. des Außenmantels der Mehrfachkomponentenfasern. Diese liegt bei einer Hülle aus beispielsweise Polyethylen bei über 127° C. Werden Bikomponentenfasern verwendet, ist ein Kern aus Polyester bevorzugt, der eine Schmelztemperatur von 256° C hat, so daß der Faserstrang vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur unter 256° C erwärmt wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Faserstrang in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 127° C und 150° C erwärmt.The method according to the invention makes it possible to to produce a very homogeneous filter, one inexpensive manufacture is possible and being a correspondingly high variability in production given is. The temperature at which the fiber strand is heated, is preferably greater than the melting temperature the shell or the outer jacket of the multi-component fibers. This is available from a cover For example, polyethylene at over 127 ° C. Bicomponent fiber used is a polyester core preferred, which has a melting temperature of 256 ° C. has, so that the fiber strand preferably to a Temperature is heated below 256 ° C. Preferably the fiber strand in a temperature range between 127 ° C and 150 ° C heated.
Wenn vorzugsweise vor dem Erzeugen des Strangs wenigstens ein weiterer Bestandteil zu der wenigstens einen Sorte Mehrfachkomponentenfasern hinzugemischt wird, ist ein sehr kostengünstiger und auch umweltschonender Filter herstellbar. Als weiterer Bestandteil eignet sich beispielsweise eine Cellulosefaser. Entsprechende Cellulosefasern können beispielsweise bei der Fa. Stora Enso Pulp, aus Falun, Schweden, erworben werden. Ein entsprechender Cellulosefaserntyp, der bevorzugt verwendet wird, heißt Stora Fluff EF. Als weiterer Bestandteil kann auch ein pulverförmiger bzw. granulatförmiger Bestandteil aus einem Adsorber, Absorber, Katalysator oder Geschmacksstoffen Verwendung finden.If preferably at least before creating the strand another component to the at least one Type of multi-component fibers is added a very cost-effective and also environmentally friendly Filters can be manufactured. Another suitable ingredient is for example a cellulose fiber. Appropriate Cellulose fibers can be obtained, for example, from Stora Enso Pulp, from Falun, Sweden. On corresponding cellulose fiber type, which is preferred is used is called Stora Fluff EF. As another component can also be a powder or granular Part of an adsorber, absorber, catalyst or flavors are used.
Eine besonders effektive und einfache Verfahrensführung ist dann gegeben, wenn zum Erzeugen des Strangs wenigstens ein Teil der Bestandteile auf ein Fördermittel aufgeschauert wird. Auf diese Art wird ein entsprechender Filterstrang bzw. entsprechende Filter auf besonders homogene Art und Weise hergestellt. Es wird hierzu verwiesen auf die Herstellung von Tabaksträngen, die beispielsweise in der DE 36 24 098 C2 beschrieben ist. Ein entsprechendes Verfahren kann vorzugsweise auch zur Herstellung von Filtern Verwendung finden, wobei die Ausgangskomponenten zunächst in einem losen Gemisch vor der Herstellung des Strangs vorliegen, um dann entsprechend wie bei der Tabakstrangherstellung insbesondere auf ein Saugband aufgeschauert und dann weiterverarbeitet zu werden. Der Inhalt der DE 36 24 098 C2 kann insofern für das Herstellverfahren von Filtern beziehungsweise Filtersträngen angewendet werden.A particularly effective and simple procedure is given if at least to generate the strand part of the components on a grant is thrilled. In this way, an appropriate one Filter strand or corresponding filter on particularly homogeneous way. It becomes this referred to the manufacture of tobacco strands that is described for example in DE 36 24 098 C2. A corresponding method can preferably also be used for Manufacture of filters are used, the Starting components in a loose mixture of the production of the strand, and then accordingly as in the manufacture of tobacco rod in particular onto a suction belt and then processed further to become. The content of DE 36 24 098 C2 can insofar for the manufacturing process of filters respectively Filter strands are applied.
Vorzugsweise werden wenigstens diejenigen Bestandteile aufgeschauert, die in Faserform vorliegen. Die aufgeschauerten Fasern liegen hierbei in einer Länge vor, die vorzugsweise geringer ist als die Länge des herzustellenden Filters. Ein besonders effektiver und kostengünstiger Filter ist dann herstellbar, wenn wenigstens ein weiterer Bestandteil in Pulverform oder als Granulat vor dem Erwärmen dem Strang hinzugefügt wird oder beim Aufschauern den Mehrfachkomponentenfasern oder der Mischung hinzugefügt wird. Wenn als Beispiel ein Pulver aus Aktivkohle hinzugefügt wird, ist es so möglich, eine sehr große Oberfläche an den Kohlepulverpartikeln vorzusehen, so daß effektiv weniger Kohlepartikel hinzugemischt werden müssen. Ferner ist es dann nicht mehr notwendig, einen Aktivkohlegranulatfilter für einen Mehrfachfilter vorzusehen, der relativ kostenintensiv ist bei der Herstellung. Zudem ist eine homogenere Mischung des Pulvers in den Mehrfachkomponentenfasern oder in der Mischung aus den Fasern möglich als bei einem Granulatfilter. Außerdem ist der Zugwiderstand konstanter und besser beeinflußbar.At least those components are preferred exasperated, which are in fiber form. The shivered Fibers are present in a length that is preferably less than the length of the one to be produced Filter. A particularly effective and inexpensive Filters can be produced if at least one another ingredient in powder form or as granules is added to the strand during heating or when Seek the multi-component fibers or the Mix is added. If, for example, a powder is added from activated carbon, so it is possible to get one very large surface area on the carbon powder particles provide so that effectively fewer carbon particles must be added. Furthermore, it is not then more necessary, an activated carbon granulate filter for one To provide multiple filters, which is relatively expensive is in the making. It is also a more homogeneous one Mixing of the powder in the multi-component fibers or possible in the mixture of fibers than at a granulate filter. In addition, the draft resistance more constant and easier to influence.
Wenn der Strang mittels einer Formatgarnitur geformt wird, wobei insbesondere eine zylindrische Form erzeugt wird, ist es möglich, die gewünschten Endmaße des herzustellenden Filters auf einfache Art und Weise herzustellen. Hierzu wird wiederum auf die DE 36 24 098 C2 verwiesen, bei der eine entsprechende Formatgarnitur beschrieben ist, mittels der allerdings ein Zigarettenstrang erzeugt wird. Eine entsprechende, auf die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Filterbestandteile angepaßte Formatgarnitur kann gemäß dieser Erfindung Verwendung finden. Hierbei wird der Strang vorzugsweise beim Formen verdichtet. Zudem ist es in einem Ausführungsbeispiel möglich, den Strang mit einem Umhüllungsmaterial zu umhüllen. Als Umhüllungsmaterial eignet sich ein Papierstreifen, der beispielsweise von einer Bobine abgezogen wird und auf ein angetriebenes Formatband gelegt wird. Das Formatband transportiert hierbei den Filterstrang beziehungsweise den Faserstrang und den Papierstreifen durch eine entsprechende Formatgarnitur, in dem der Papierstreifen um den Faserstrang gefaltet wird, so daß noch eine Kante absteht, die von einem Leimapparat in bekannter Weise beleimt wird. Schließlich wird die Klebnaht geschlossen und von einer Nahtplätte getrocknet. If the strand is shaped using a format set is produced, in particular a cylindrical shape , it is possible to obtain the required gauge blocks to produce filters in a simple manner manufacture. For this purpose, turn to DE 36 24 098 C2 referenced in the corresponding format set is described, by means of which, however, a cigarette rod is produced. A corresponding, on the physical Properties of the filter components adapted Format furniture can be used according to this invention Find. Here, the strand is preferably used during molding compacted. It is also in one embodiment possible to cover the strand with a wrapping material envelop. A paper strip is suitable as wrapping material, that of a bobbin, for example is pulled off and on a driven format tape is placed. The format tape transports the Filter strand or the fiber strand and the Paper strips through a corresponding format set, in which the paper strip is folded around the fiber strand is so that an edge protrudes from a Glue is glued in a known manner. Finally the adhesive seam is closed and a seam plate dried.
Die Erwärmung des Strangs geschieht in oder nach der Formung in der Formatgarnitur. Vorzugsweise geschieht die Erwärmung nach dem Schneiden des Filterstrangs in Filter n-facher Gebrauchslänge bzw. Filterstäbe. Abschließend wird der Filter abgelängt bzw. abgeschnitten. Hierzu werden Filter n-facher Gebrauchslänge erzeugt, die anschließend zur Herstellung von beispielsweise Filterzigaretten weiter verwendet werden. n ist hierbei eine natürliche Zahl und vorzugsweise gerade. Wenn beispielsweise der Filter anschließend zwischen zwei Tabakstöcke gebracht und mit diesen verbunden wird, beträgt n Zwei, so daß der Filter zweifacher Gebrauchslänge nach dem Verbinden mit den Tabakstöcken mittig durchgeschnitten wird, um als Filter für zwei Zigaretten zu dienen.The strand is heated in or after the Forming in the format set. Preferably happens the heating after cutting the filter strand in Filter n times the length of use or filter rods. Finally the filter is cut to length or cut off. For this purpose, filters of n times the working length are generated, which are then used to manufacture, for example Filter cigarettes continue to be used. n is here a natural number and preferably even. If, for example the filter then between two Brought tobacco sticks and connected to them, is n two, so the filter is twice the usable length after connecting with the tobacco sticks in the middle is cut to act as a filter for two cigarettes to serve.
Vorzugsweise ist ein Filter, hergestellt nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren oder einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise ist eine Zigarette mit einem Tabakstock und einem der vorstehend genannten erfindungsgemäßen Filter beziehungsweise bevorzugten Filter versehen.A filter is preferably manufactured according to inventive method or a preferred Embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided. Preferably a cigarette with a tobacco stick and one of the aforementioned according to the invention Provide filters or preferred filters.
Nachstehend wird ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen die Erfindung beschrieben, wobei auf alle im Text nicht näher erläuterten erfindungsgemäßen Einzelheiten ausdrücklich auf die Zeichnungen verwiesen wird. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1a - Fig. 1d
- schematische Querschnitte durch Filterzigaretten,
- Fig. 2
- eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme von miteinander verklebten Fasern,
- Fig. 3
- eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme von einem Gemisch aus entsprechenden Fasern,
- Fig. 4
- eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme von einem Gemisch aus verschiedenen Fasern, wobei ein weiterer pulverförmiger Bestandteil hinzugefügt wurde,
- Fig. 5
- ein weiterer schematischer Querschnitt durch eine Filterzigarette, und
- Fig. 6
- eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme von einem Gemisch aus einer Bikomponentenfaser sowie eines Kohleaktiv-Granulats.
- Figures 1a-1d
- schematic cross sections through filter cigarettes,
- Fig. 2
- a scanning electron microscope image of fibers glued together,
- Fig. 3
- a scanning electron microscope image of a mixture of corresponding fibers,
- Fig. 4
- a scanning electron micrograph of a mixture of different fibers, with another powdery component being added,
- Fig. 5
- another schematic cross section through a filter cigarette, and
- Fig. 6
- a scanning electron microscope image of a mixture of a bicomponent fiber and a carbon active granulate.
Die Figuren 1a bis 1d zeigen in einer schematischen
Querschnittsdarstellung Filterzigaretten. Die jeweiligen
Filter 10 in den Figuren 1a bis 1d sind jeweils unterschiedlich
aufgebaut. An jedem Filter ist ein Tabakstock
11 angebracht, wobei der Tabakstock 11 und der Filter
10, wie schematisch dargestellt ist, mit einem Umhüllungspapier
17 versehen sind.Figures 1a to 1d show a schematic
Cross-sectional representation of filter cigarettes. The respective
Filters 10 in FIGS. 1a to 1d are each different
built up. There is a tobacco stick on each
In Fig. 1a besteht der Filter 10 aus Bikomponentenfasern
12, beispielsweise aus Bikomponentenfasern des Typs 255
der Fa. Trevira (65926 Frankfurt, Deutschland), die
vorstehend bezüglich deren Eigenschaften beschrieben
wurden. Die Bikomponentenfasern 12 bestehen aus einem
Kern 20 beispielsweise aus PES, also einer Chemiefaser
aus Polyester oder PET, also Polyester. Die Hülle 21
besteht in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus PE (Polyethylen).
Der Schmelzpunkt der Hülle beträgt 127° C und die
Schmelztemperatur des Kerns 256° C. Um einen entsprechenden
Filter herzustellen, werden die Bikomponentenfasern
entsprechend gemischt, wobei lose Fasern einer
endlichen Länge Verwendung finden, die kleiner ist als
die Länge des herzustellenden Filters. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel
haben die Bikomponentenfasern eine
Schnittlänge von 6 mm. Der herzustellende Filter hat
eine Länge von 21 mm.In Fig. 1a, the
Die Bikomponentenfasern werden für die Herstellung des
Filters auf einen Saugförderer aufgeschauert, um einen
Strom beziehungsweise einen Strang aus Bikomponentenfasern
zu bilden. Dieser Strom beziehungsweise Strang aus
Bikomponentenfasern wird dann mittels einer Formatgarnitur
in die Filterform, vorzugsweise eine zylindrische,
geformt und mit einem Umhüllungspapier 17 umhüllt. Um
eine entsprechende Stabilität des Filters zu erzielen,
wird dieser auf eine Temperatur von über der Schmelztemperatur
der Hülle 21 der Bikomponentenfasern 12 gebracht,
so daß die Hülle schmilzt bzw. anschmilzt. Nach
einem anschließenden Abkühlen haben sich dann an den
Kreuzungspunkten 18 der Bikomponentenfasern Verbindungen
gebildet, die zu einem Verbund der Bikomponentenfasern
in dem Strang führen. Die entsprechende Erwärmung des
Strangs kann vor der Formung des Filters in der Formatgarnitur
geschehen. Diese kann allerdings auch während
der Formung oder danach geschehen. Eine entsprechende
Verklebung der Bikomponentenfasern ist in der Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme
aus Fig. 2 sehr gut zu
erkennen. Hier ist mit 18 der Kreuzungspunkt sehr gut
dargestellt, in dem das Hüllmaterial entsprechend
verschmolzen ist. Die Längenangabe im unteren Bereich
der Fig. 2 ist 10 µm. Durch diese Verbindung ist es
möglich, einen sehr formstabilen Filter herzustellen.The bicomponent fibers are used to manufacture the
Filters onto a suction conveyor to get one
Electricity or a strand of bicomponent fibers
to build. This stream or strand off
Bicomponent fibers are then made using a format set
into the filter shape, preferably a cylindrical one,
shaped and wrapped with wrapping
In Fig. 1b ist ein Filter dargestellt, der aus einem
Gemisch von Fasern besteht, wobei zum einen Bikomponentenfasern
12 Verwendung finden und zum anderen Cellulosefasern
13. In bevorzugter Weise wird ein Gemisch aus
20 bis 30 % Bikomponentenfasern und 70 bis 80 % Cellulosefasern
verwendet. Die Cellulosefasern dienen hierbei
als Absorptions- bzw. Adsorptionsfasern und die Bikomponentenfasern
mit den entsprechenden Verklebestellen an
den Kreuzungspunkten 18 als Gerüst. Es ist zu beachten,
daß nicht nur die Bikomponentenfasern miteinander
verklebt werden, sondern auch die Cellulosefasern an den
Kreuzungspunkten 18 mit den Bikomponentenfasern.In Fig. 1b, a filter is shown, which consists of a
Mixture of fibers consists, on the one
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, das nicht dargestellt ist, werden 20 % Bikomponentenfasern verwendet, 70 % Cellulosefasern und 10 % Kohlefasern, wobei es sich hierbei vorzugsweise um aktivierte Kohlefasern handelt. Der Vorteil eines derartigen Filters aus drei Faserkomponenten besteht darin, daß auch gasförmige Schadstoffe aus dem Rauch gut adsorbiert werden. Ein entsprechender Filter ist günstiger herzustellen als ein Aktivkohlegranulatfilter. Ferner ist ein sehr homogener Filter realisierbar. Schließlich ist eine höhere Aktivität gegeben, da die aktiven Fasern nicht mit einem Klebemittel wie beispielsweise Triacetin verklebt sind und somit eine größere aktive Oberfläche ermöglicht ist. Eine weitere Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Gemisch aus 20 % Bikomponentenfasern und 80 % Cellulosefasern. In another embodiment, which is not shown 20% bicomponent fibers are used, 70% cellulose fiber and 10% carbon fiber, being it this is preferably activated carbon fibers. The advantage of such a filter made of three fiber components is that gaseous pollutants are well adsorbed from the smoke. A corresponding one Filters are cheaper to manufacture than an activated carbon granulate filter. It is also a very homogeneous filter realizable. After all, there is higher activity given because the active fibers are not covered with an adhesive such as triacetin are glued and thus a larger active surface is possible. Another scanning electron micrograph is in Fig. 3 shown. This is a Mixture of 20% bicomponent fibers and 80% cellulose fibers.
In Fig. 1c ist ein weiterer Filter dargestellt, der aus
drei Komponenten besteht, wobei als zusätzliche Komponente
ein Aktivkohlegranulat 14 Verwendung findet. Diese
Aktivkohlegranulatpartikel beziehungsweise Aktivkohlepulverpartikel
haften beziehungsweise kleben an einer
entsprechenden Anhaftstelle 19 an den Bikomponentenfasern.
Aufgrund der kleinen Anhaftstelle bzw. Klebestelle
der Kohlepartikel 14 an der Bikomponentenfaser 12 ergibt
sich eine große freie Oberfläche bei den Kohlepartikeln,
die aktiv ist. Anstelle der Aktivkohlepartikel, beziehungsweise
Granulate, beziehungsweise Pulver können auch
andere Adsorbate, Katalysatoren und/oder Geschmacksstoffe
Verwendung finden. Die Korngröße des Aktivkohlepulvers
beträgt vorzugsweise maximal 10 µm. Es können
beispielsweise 20 mg zu einem Filter entsprechend
hinzugefügt werden.In Fig. 1c, a further filter is shown, which consists of
consists of three components, being an additional component
an activated
In Fig. 4 ist eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme
eines entsprechenden Teils eines Filters mit einem
Gemisch aus Bikomponentenfasern 12, Cellulosefasern 13
und Partikeln eines Aktivkohlepulvers 14 dargestellt.
Besonders gut ist erkennbar, daß die Aktivkohlepartikel
14 an den Bikomponentenfasern kleben. Es sind allerdings
auch einige Aktivkohlepartikel 14 an einer Cellulosefaser
13 angeordnet, die dort anhaften, allerdings weniger
fest als an der Bikomponentenfaser 12.4 is a scanning electron microscope image
a corresponding part of a filter with a
Mixture of
In Fig. 1d ist ein Mehrfachfilter 10' dargestellt, der
aus einem Filterelement 16 besteht, der beispielsweise
ein übliches Celluloseacetat umfassen kann und einem
Filterelement 16', der beispielsweise dem Filterelement
aus Fig. 1c bezüglich der Zusammensetzung entsprechen
kann. In Fig. 1d, a multiple filter 10 'is shown, the
consists of a
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Filter und das erfindungsgemäße Herstellverfahren des erfindungsgemäßen Filters ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Bestandteile des Filters so auszuwählen und so zu mischen, daß gezielt Rauchinhaltsstoffe herausgefiltert werden können.Through the filter according to the invention and the inventive Manufacturing process of the filter according to the invention the possibility arises of the components of the Select filters and mix them so that targeted Smoke ingredients can be filtered out.
Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Filter hat vorzugsweise eine Länge von 21 mm, einen Durchmesser von 7,8 mm, ein Gewicht von 110 mg, einen Zugwiderstand von 55 mmWS. Der Filter umfaßt 75 % Cellulose Fasern des Typs stora Fluff EF mit einer Faserlänge von 0,4 mm und 25 % Bikomponentenfasern vom Typ 255 der Fa. Trevira mit einer Schnittlänge von 6 mm und einem Durchmesser von 25 µm. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Filter werden Teerwerte von 12 mg/Zig. und Nikotinwerte von 0,87 mg/Zig. bei einer Ventilation von 18 % erreicht.A filter manufactured according to the invention preferably has a length of 21 mm, a diameter of 7.8 mm, a weight of 110 mg, a tensile resistance of 55 mm water column. The filter comprises 75% cellulose fibers of the type stora Fluff EF with a fiber length of 0.4 mm and 25% Type 255 bicomponent fibers from Trevira a cutting length of 6 mm and a diameter of 25 microns. In the filter according to the invention, tar values of 12 mg / cig. and nicotine levels of 0.87 mg / cig. at ventilation of 18%.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts
durch eine Filterzigarette entsprechend den
Figuren 1a bis 1d. Im Vergleich zu den Beispielen der
Figuren 1a bis 1d umfaßt der erfindungsgemäße Filter
zwei Filterelemente 16 und 16', wobei das Filterelement
16' ein Gemisch aus Bikomponentenfasern 12 und Aktivkohlegranulat
14 bzw. Aktivkohlepulver 14 ist. Ein
besonders bevorzugtes Gemisch umfaßt zwischen 80 und 95
% Aktivkohlegranulat bzw. -pulver 14 und 5 bis 20 %
Bikomponentenfasern 12. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein
Mischungsverhältnis von ca. 90 % Aktivkohlegranulat bzw.
-pulver 14 und ca. 10 % Bikomponentenfasern 12. Im
Rahmen dieser Erfindung sind die Prozentangaben insbesondere
Gewichtsprozentangaben.5 shows a schematic illustration of a cross section
through a filter cigarette corresponding to the
Figures 1a to 1d. Compared to the examples of
Figures 1a to 1d includes the filter according to the invention
two
Das Aktivkohlegranulat bzw. -pulver ist bspw. das Granulat Norit GCN 3060 der Fa. Norit Nederland B.V. Die Korngröße liegt für 90 % des Granulats zwischen 0,25 mm und 0,59 mm.The activated carbon granulate or powder is, for example Granules Norit GCN 3060 from Norit Nederland B.V. The The grain size for 90% of the granules is between 0.25 mm and 0.59 mm.
In Fig. 6 ist eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme
eines Schnitts durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Filter,
umfassend ca. 10 % Bikomponentenfasern 12 und ca. 90 %
Aktivkohlegranulat 14. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine
205-fache Vergrößerung. Im unteren Bereich der Fig. 6
ist eine Skala angezeigt, die insgesamt 1 mm umfaßt,
wobei die Einheiten innerhalb dieses Maßstabes 100 µm
groß sind.6 is a scanning electron microscope image
a section through a filter according to the invention,
comprising approx. 10
Das Aktivkohlegranulat 14 ist, wie in Fig. 6 zu erkennen
ist, in einer Matrix aus Bikomponentenfasern 12 gehalten,
wobei ein Halten insbesondere durch Anhaften an den
Bikomponentenfasern ermöglicht ist, nachdem diese beim
Herstellungsverfahren des Filters zum Anschmelzen des
Mantels gebracht worden sind. The activated
- 1010
- Filterfilter
- 10'10 '
- MehrfachfilterMultiple filter
- 1111
- Tabakstocktobacco rod
- 1212
- Bikomponentenfaserbicomponent
- 1313
- Cellulosefasercellulose fiber
- 1414
- AktivkohlegranulatGranular Activated Carbon
- 1515
- Celluloseacetat-FilterelementCellulose acetate filter element
- 1616
- Filterelementfilter element
- 16'16 '
- Filterelementfilter element
- 1717
- Umhüllungspapierwrapping paper
- 1818
- Kreuzungspunktintersection
- 1919
- AnhaftstelleAnhaftstelle
- 2020
- Kerncore
- 2121
- Hülleshell
Claims (25)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10217410A DE10217410A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-18 | Cigarette filter and method of making the same |
DE10217410 | 2002-04-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1354522A2 true EP1354522A2 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
EP1354522A3 EP1354522A3 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1354522B1 EP1354522B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
Family
ID=28458920
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03004594A Expired - Lifetime EP1354522B1 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2003-03-01 | Cigarette filter and method for producing the same |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030213496A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1354522B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004024242A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1451325A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE312522T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0301195A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2424810A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10217410A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2252562T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03003057A (en) |
MY (1) | MY135364A (en) |
PL (1) | PL359692A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2311858C2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE10354797A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Method and device for producing a wrapping material strip-free filter strand of the tobacco processing industry |
EP1695636A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau AG | Filter for articles of the tobacco processing industry |
US7318797B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2008-01-15 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Continuous rod machine arrangement for producing nonwoven filters |
EP1905317A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-02 | Hauni Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for warming and hardening filter rods |
WO2009080368A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Filter including randomly-oriented fibers for reduction of particle breakthrough |
WO2011141735A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Filter additive |
CN102273732A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-12-14 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Weakly polar cigarette paper filter material and preparation and application methods thereof |
US9788572B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2017-10-17 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacture of smoking article filter assembly including electrostatically charged fibers |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE50304210D1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-08-24 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Process for the preparation of finite fibers and finite fiber processing equipment for use in the manufacture of filters |
DE502004003664D1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-06-14 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Method and device for producing a filter strand |
DE102006018102A1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-10-25 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Fiber filter production |
DE102006038973A1 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2008-03-20 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Paper gluing during strand production |
TW200936065A (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-09-01 | Filtrona Int Ltd | Tobacco smoke filter |
GB0805773D0 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2008-04-30 | British American Tobacco Co | Method and apparatus for the plasma processing of filter |
US8375958B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2013-02-19 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette filter comprising a carbonaceous fiber |
US8613284B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2013-12-24 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber |
WO2009143338A2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-26 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Apparatus and associated method for forming a filter component of a smoking article and smoking articles made therefrom |
DE102010000680A1 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-07 | Hauni Maschinenbau AG, 21033 | Production of filter strands and filter rod machine |
US20120000479A1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Sebastian Andries D | Biodegradable cigarette filter |
US20120000480A1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Sebastian Andries D | Biodegradable cigarette filter |
US8720450B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-05-13 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material |
US10064429B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2018-09-04 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Mixed fiber product for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements and related methods, systems, and apparatuses |
GB2503644A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2014-01-08 | British American Tobacco Co | Filter |
US9179709B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2015-11-10 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Mixed fiber sliver for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements |
US9119419B2 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2015-09-01 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Filter material for a filter element of a smoking article, and associated system and method |
US10524500B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2020-01-07 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Staple fiber blend for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements |
SG10201903923SA (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-03-30 | Ysq Int Pte Ltd | Apparatus and method for producing a filter element |
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DE3028328A1 (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1981-02-19 | Job Ets Bardou Job Pauilhac | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FILTER DIMENSION, IN PARTICULAR FOR CIGARETTE FILTER |
GB2143867A (en) * | 1983-07-26 | 1985-02-20 | Shirley Inst The | Three-dimensional textile structures |
US6103181A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-15 | Filtrona International Limited | Method and apparatus for spinning a web of mixed fibers, and products produced therefrom |
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MY128157A (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2007-01-31 | Philip Morris Prod | High efficiency cigarette filters having shaped micro cavity fibers impregnated with adsorbent or absorbent materials |
-
2002
- 2002-04-18 DE DE10217410A patent/DE10217410A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-03-01 EP EP03004594A patent/EP1354522B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-01 DE DE50301891T patent/DE50301891D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-01 AT AT03004594T patent/ATE312522T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-01 ES ES03004594T patent/ES2252562T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-08 CA CA002424810A patent/CA2424810A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-08 MX MXPA03003057A patent/MXPA03003057A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-10 BR BR0301195-0A patent/BR0301195A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-14 PL PL03359692A patent/PL359692A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-16 JP JP2003111894A patent/JP2004024242A/en active Pending
- 2003-04-17 RU RU2003111044/12A patent/RU2311858C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-17 MY MYPI20031443A patent/MY135364A/en unknown
- 2003-04-17 US US10/417,221 patent/US20030213496A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-18 CN CN03122637.XA patent/CN1451325A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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US4173504A (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1979-11-06 | Chisso Corporation | Method for producing tobacco filters |
DE3028328A1 (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1981-02-19 | Job Ets Bardou Job Pauilhac | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FILTER DIMENSION, IN PARTICULAR FOR CIGARETTE FILTER |
GB2143867A (en) * | 1983-07-26 | 1985-02-20 | Shirley Inst The | Three-dimensional textile structures |
US6103181A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-15 | Filtrona International Limited | Method and apparatus for spinning a web of mixed fibers, and products produced therefrom |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7318797B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2008-01-15 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Continuous rod machine arrangement for producing nonwoven filters |
DE10354797A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Method and device for producing a wrapping material strip-free filter strand of the tobacco processing industry |
EP1695636A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau AG | Filter for articles of the tobacco processing industry |
EP1905317A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-02 | Hauni Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for warming and hardening filter rods |
WO2009080368A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Filter including randomly-oriented fibers for reduction of particle breakthrough |
EA017412B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-12-28 | Филип Моррис Продактс С.А. | Filter including randomly-oriented fibers for reduction of particle breakthrough |
US9788572B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2017-10-17 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacture of smoking article filter assembly including electrostatically charged fibers |
US10226070B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2019-03-12 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Filter rod including electrostatically charged fibers |
WO2011141735A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Filter additive |
AU2011251791B2 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-11-14 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Filter additive |
CN102273732A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-12-14 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Weakly polar cigarette paper filter material and preparation and application methods thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA03003057A (en) | 2005-10-19 |
MY135364A (en) | 2008-03-31 |
BR0301195A (en) | 2004-08-17 |
ES2252562T3 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
CN1451325A (en) | 2003-10-29 |
DE50301891D1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
JP2004024242A (en) | 2004-01-29 |
EP1354522A3 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
ATE312522T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
DE10217410A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
EP1354522B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
US20030213496A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
RU2311858C2 (en) | 2007-12-10 |
PL359692A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
CA2424810A1 (en) | 2003-10-18 |
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