EP1352172A1 - Silencer with a plurality of resonance chambers - Google Patents

Silencer with a plurality of resonance chambers

Info

Publication number
EP1352172A1
EP1352172A1 EP02701191A EP02701191A EP1352172A1 EP 1352172 A1 EP1352172 A1 EP 1352172A1 EP 02701191 A EP02701191 A EP 02701191A EP 02701191 A EP02701191 A EP 02701191A EP 1352172 A1 EP1352172 A1 EP 1352172A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
silencer
helmholtz resonators
component
silencer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02701191A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1352172B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Zirkelbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Filtersysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle Filtersysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7670911&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1352172(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Mahle Filtersysteme GmbH filed Critical Mahle Filtersysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1352172A1 publication Critical patent/EP1352172A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1352172B1 publication Critical patent/EP1352172B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
    • F02M35/1216—Flow throttling or guiding by using a plurality of holes, slits, protrusions, perforations, ribs or the like; Surface structures; Turbulence generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1255—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance
    • F02M35/1261—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1255—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance
    • F02M35/1266—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance comprising multiple chambers or compartments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/14—Combined air cleaners and silencers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silencer on or in a component in which a sound to be damped, in particular airborne sound, propagates.
  • Silencers are used, for example, in internal combustion engines to reduce noise emissions to the environment.
  • mufflers are arranged in an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine in order to dampen the sound generated by the internal combustion engine and propagating therein.
  • Mufflers are also used in motor vehicles in a fresh air tract of the internal combustion engine, for example to to dampen the sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger and propagating in the fresh air tract in an internal combustion engine charged with an exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • shunt resonators NN or “Helmholtz resonators are known for damping sound that propagates in a line.
  • a Helmholtz resonator essentially consists of a cavity, which communicates via a connection opening with the interior of the line, in which the sound to be damped propagates, the cavity being otherwise closed.
  • the inserted in the cavity closed gas volume acts as a "spring” and the gas volume in the connection opening acts as a "mass”, whereby an oscillatory system is formed.
  • This oscillation system can be excited to vibrate by sound waves, whereby energy is extracted from the sound waves, that is to say the sound is damped.
  • the damping effect of such a Helmholtz resonator is limited to a certain frequency or to a certain frequency band.
  • the frequency or the frequency band at which the Helmholtz resonator develops its damping effect depends, for example, on the geometry, the cross section, the length and thus on the volume of the cavity and the connection opening of the Helmholtz resonator.
  • a Helmholtz resonator can best exert its damping effect if it is positioned on the line in such a way that its connecting opening communicates with the inside of the line exactly where an antinode of a standing sound wave of the frequency that has developed from the Helmholtz resonator has formed in the line should be dampened.
  • the geometry of the line in which the sound propagates defines the positions in which a standing sound wave can form.
  • the exact position of an antinode can be calculated at a given frequency.
  • the Helmholtz resonator must then be connected to the line as precisely as possible at the calculated point.
  • it is possible to precisely maintain a desired assembly position can only be ensured with a relatively high effort.
  • the range of frequencies that can be damped with a conventional muffler equipped with a Helmholtz resonator is very narrow, so that only level peaks of certain frequencies can be damped regularly.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of specifying an embodiment for a muffler of the type mentioned at the outset which is relatively easy to assemble and / or integrate and which thereby ensures a high damping effect.
  • a silencer is to be specified which has an improved damping effect and in particular an enlarged broadband effect.
  • the silencer should be particularly inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of equipping a muffler with a plurality, in particular with a plurality, of Helmholtz resonators which are arranged with one another and develop their sound-absorbing effect in parallel with one another.
  • the arrangement of the Helmholtz resonators one behind the other in the direction of sound propagation does not depend on the exact positioning of the muffler on or in the component, for example a line in which the sound to be damped propagates, since at least one of the several Helmholtz resonators is necessarily close or direct is positioned on an antinode. Since no particularly precise assembly tolerances have to be observed, series production or the standard equipment of a component with the silencer according to the invention is made easier.
  • the muffler equipped with a plurality of Helmholtz resonators acting in parallel develops a relatively broadband damping effect, so that the muffler according to the invention has an overall improved damping effect.
  • This broadband effect results in particular from a desired or tolerated non-uniformity of the individual Helmholtz resonators, which results from their manufacture.
  • An embodiment is particularly advantageous in which, in an axial section of a hollow body of the silencer, in a zone extending in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction of the hollow body, a plurality of Helmholtz resonators acting in parallel are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction and next to one another in the circumferential direction. This results in a flat arrangement of a large number of Helmholtz resonators on the hollow body, as a result of which the damping effect or the broadband capability is additionally increased.
  • a compact design results when adjacent Helmholtz resonators are adjacent to one another.
  • An embodiment is advantageous in which the mutually adjoining Helmholtz resonators have common walls or common own wall sections. This simplifies the manufacture of the Helmholtz resonators.
  • An embodiment is particularly advantageous in which the cross sections of the Helmholtz resonators are small compared to the cross section of the hollow body. This forms an embodiment which is distinguished by its compactness and can therefore also be used with a relatively small installation space. It has been shown that the Helmholtz resonators, due to their large number, despite their small dimensions, have a relatively large damping effect, so that the muffler according to the invention has a smaller size than a conventional muffler, and has a sufficient damping effect with a wider bandwidth. Especially for high or higher frequencies, e.g. From around 900 Hz, large attenuation values can be achieved with a small-sized silencer.
  • At least some of the Helmholtz resonators can differ from one another in that their cavities and / or their connecting openings have different lengths and / or cross sections and / or geometries and / or orientations.
  • the silencer according to the invention can always be used when airborne sound is generated or transmitted in a device.
  • the muffler according to the invention is particularly suitable ⁇ because of its compact structure for use in or on smaller devices for damping high or higher frequencies, for example from 900 Hz.
  • the muffler according to the invention can be used in household appliances, for example washing machine, dishwasher , Tumble dryer, hair dryer, vacuum cleaner, extractor hood.
  • the silencer according to the invention can be used, for example, in exhaust air fans, cooling fans, air extraction systems, air conditioning systems, computers, in order to specifically dampen specific frequencies there.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram-like schematic representation of an internal combustion engine which is equipped with a silencer according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a silencer according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a cross section as in Fig. 3, but in another embodiment.
  • a muffler 1 can be used in an internal combustion engine 2 in order to dampen sound there, which is essentially generated by an exhaust gas turbocharger 3 of the internal combustion engine 2.
  • the silencer 1 is arranged in a fresh air tract 4 downstream of an air filter 5 and upstream of a compressor 6 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 3.
  • the silencer 1 is installed in a component, namely in a line 7 of the fresh air tract 4. tract 4 flows through transported air and forms part of the line 7.
  • the sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 propagates through the line 7, against the direction of flow and would - without silencer 1 - reach the air filter 5 relatively undamped and finally into the The environment.
  • the sound propagating in the line 7 can be damped with regard to certain frequencies or frequency bands, as a result of which the sound emission of the entire arrangement can be reduced.
  • the muffler 1 is preferably positioned as close as possible to the sound source whose sound is to be damped, ie here, close to the exhaust gas turbocharger 3.
  • the muffler 1 is arranged on the clean air side, that is to say downstream of the air filter 5; an arrangement on the raw air side is also possible.
  • FIG. 1 The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is preferably found in a motor vehicle which contains the internal combustion engine 2 as the drive motor.
  • the invention can also be applied to stationary internal combustion engines 2.
  • the higher-frequency sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 is essentially to be damped, at least in certain frequencies.
  • the silencer according to the invention has
  • the hollow body 8 can, as here, be cylindrical. Other embodiments, e.g. with a conical hollow body are also possible.
  • a plurality of Helmholtz resonators 10 are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction and next to one another in the circumferential direction on an outer side of the hollow body 8.
  • Each of these Helmholtz resonators 10 has a cavity 11, and each of these cavities
  • the silencer according to the invention can 1, especially at higher frequencies, e.g. from 900 Hz, develop a relatively strong damping effect, which is attributed to the large number of individual Helmholtz resonators 10 acting in parallel.
  • two zones 14 can be formed in the axial section 9 of the hollow body 8, in each of which Helmholtz resonators 10 arranged side by side and one behind the other are formed. These zones 14 extend only partially along the circumference of the hollow body 8 and are arranged opposite one another on the hollow body 8 according to FIG. 3.
  • a single zone 14 can also be formed, which extends along the entire circumference of the hollow body 8 and thus completely surrounds it in the circumferential direction.
  • the Helmholtz resonators 10 are also arranged next to one another on the hollow body 8 along the entire circumference.
  • Other embodiments can also have more than two such zones 14.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the Helmholtz resonators 10 or their cavities 11 and their connecting openings 12 radially to a longitudinal axis 15 of the hollow body 8 are aligned.
  • adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 adjoin one another.
  • the adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 have common walls or wall sections 16, which simplifies their manufacture.
  • the cavities 11 of the Helmholtz resonators 10 can in principle have any cross sections. However, circular, rectangular or hexagonal cross sections are preferred.
  • At least some of the Helmholtz resonators 10 can differ from one another in that their cavities 11 and / or their connecting openings 12 have different lengths and / or cross sections and / or geometries and / or orientations. As a result, the damping behavior, in particular the broadband effect, of the silencer 1 can be influenced.
  • the hollow body 8 has a circular cross section. It is clear that the hollow body 8 can basically have any cross-section, in particular in the area of its axial section 9, in particular a rectangular or polygonal cross-section.
  • an embodiment is preferred in which, at least in the axial direction of the hollow body 8, a distance 17 between the connection openings 12 of two adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 is smaller than a whole or half a wavelength of a frequency to be attenuated or smaller than a whole or a half average wavelength of a frequency band to be attenuated.
  • This design ensures that the muffler 1 according to the invention is not positioned precisely Muffler 1 arrives at or in line 7. Because as long as the axial section 9 equipped with the Helmholtz resonators 10 is positioned in the region of an antinode, at least one of the Helmholtz resonators 10 is located relatively close to or exactly at the maximum of the antinode. In this way, an optimal damping effect for the silencer 1 can always be guaranteed.
  • the silencer 1 according to the invention can be constructed such that the cavities
  • Helmholtz resonators 10 are formed in a common block, which has, for example, a honeycomb structure or "honeycomb structure". This block then forms a separately producible component that can be attached to a wall section of the hollow body 8. This wall section is with the connection openings
  • a suitable connection opening 12 is assigned to each cavity 11 by a suitable placement of the said block on the wall section provided for this purpose.
  • the wall section thus delimits the block radially on the inside.
  • the block is delimited radially on the outside, for example, by a common cover which closes the cavities 11 radially on the outside.
  • the two zones 14 provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 can each be formed in this way.
  • a type of housing can be formed on the hollow body 8, in which the separately produced block containing the cavities 11 can be inserted. By closing this housing with a suitable cover, the cavities 11 are simultaneously radially closed.
  • the block can be connected to the wall section of the hollow body 8 and / or with the cover in a suitable manner, in particular welded.
  • the component in which the sound to be damped propagates is formed by line 7 in the exemplary embodiment described.
  • the component in which the sound to be attenuated is formed by another component of the fresh air track, for example by the air filter 5 or by a fresh air collector 18, from which the fresh air supplied is directed to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine 2 distributed (see. Fig. 1).
  • the hollow body of the muffler then preferably forms a housing or a component, e.g. a housing wall, the component.
  • the silencer according to the invention can be formed on or in the cover of the air filter 5.
  • the muffler can be designed as an attachment or as an installation part which is mounted on or in the respective component. It is also possible to design the silencer as an integral part of the respective component.
  • the muffler is integrated in the housing of the air filter 5 or air collector 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sound absorber (1) mounted on or in a component (7), wherein a sound which is to be absorbed is propagated. The silencer (1) comprises a hollow body (8), which communicates with the component (7) or forms a component part of said component (7). A plurality of Helmholtz resonators (10) which operate in a parallel manner are arranged behind each other in the axial direction of the hollow body (8) in at least one axial part (9) of said hollow body (8).

Description

Schalldämpfer silencer
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalldämpfer an oder in einem Bauteil, in dem sich ein zu bedämpfender Schall, insbesondere Luftschall, ausbreitet.The invention relates to a silencer on or in a component in which a sound to be damped, in particular airborne sound, propagates.
Schalldämpfer werden beispielsweise bei Brennkraftmaschinen zur Reduzierung von Schallemissionen in die Umgebung benutzt. Zum Beispiel werden Schalldämpfer in einem Abgastrakt einer Brennkraftmaschine angeordnet, um den von der Brennkraftmaschine erzeugten und sich darin ausbreitenden Schall zu dämpfen. Ebenso kommen bei Kraftfahrzeugen Schalldämpfer in einem Frischlufttrakt der Brennkraftmaschine zur Anwendung, um z.B. bei einer mit einem Abgasturbulader aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine den vom Abgasturbolader erzeugten und sich im Frischlufttrakt ausbreitenden Schall zu dämpfen.Silencers are used, for example, in internal combustion engines to reduce noise emissions to the environment. For example, mufflers are arranged in an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine in order to dampen the sound generated by the internal combustion engine and propagating therein. Mufflers are also used in motor vehicles in a fresh air tract of the internal combustion engine, for example to to dampen the sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger and propagating in the fresh air tract in an internal combustion engine charged with an exhaust gas turbocharger.
Zur Dämpfung von Schall, der sich in einer Leitung ausbreitet, sind sogenannte „NebenschlußresonatorenNN oder „Helm- holtzresonatoren bekannt. Ein solcher Helmholtzresonator besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Hohlraum, der über eine Verbindungsöffnung mit dem Inneren der Leitung kommuniziert, in der sich der zu bedämpfende Schall ausbreitet, wobei der Hohlraum im übrigen geschlossen ist. Das im Hohlraum einge- schlossene Gasvolumen wirkt dabei als „Feder" und das Gasvolumen in der Verbindungsöffnung wirkt als „Masse", wodurch ein schwingungsfähiges Systems gebildet wird. Dieses Schwingungssystem ist durch Schallwellen zu Schwingungen anregbar, wobei den Schallwellen Energie entzogen wird, das heißt der Schall wird bedämpft. Die Dämpfungswirkung eines solchen Helmholtzresonators ist jedoch auf eine bestimmte Frequenz bzw. auf ein bestimmtes Frequenzband begrenzt. Die Frequenz bzw. das Frequenzband, bei dem der Helmholtzresonator seine Dämpfungswirkung entfaltet, hängt z.B. von der Geometrie, dem Querschnitt, der Länge und somit vom Volumen des Hohlraums sowie der Verbindungsöffnung des Helmholtzresonators ab. Ein Helmholtzresonator kann seine Dämpfungswirkung am besten dann entfalten, wenn er so an der Leitung positioniert wird, daß seine Verbindungsöffnung genau dort mit dem Inneren der Leitung kommuniziert, wo sich in der Leitung ein Schwingungsbauch einer stehenden Schallwelle von derjenigen Frequenz ausgebildet hat, die vom Helmholtzresonator bedämpft werden soll. Durch die Geometrie der Leitung, in der sich der Schall ausbreitet, sind diejenigen Positionen vorgegeben, in denen sich eine stehende Schallwelle ausbilden kann. Die genaue Position eines Schwingungsbauchs kann bei vorgegebener Frequenz berechnet werden. Um eine optimale Be- dämpfung einer bestimmten Frequenz zu erzielen, muß dann der Helmholtzresonator möglichst genau an der berechneten Stelle an die Leitung angeschlossen werden. Im Rahmen einer Großserienfertigung, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Produktion von Kraftfahrzeugen bzw. von Fahrzeugkomponenten die Regel ist, kann die genaue Einhaltung einer gewünschten Montageposition nur mit einem relativ hohen Aufwand sichergestellt werden. Darüber hinaus ist die Bandbreite der mit einem herkömmlichen, mit einem Helmholtzresonator ausgestatteten Schalldämpfer, bedämpfbaren Frequenzen sehr eng, so daß regelmäßig nur Pegelspitzen bestimmter Frequenzen bedämpfbar sind.So-called “shunt resonators NN ” or “Helmholtz resonators are known for damping sound that propagates in a line. Such a Helmholtz resonator essentially consists of a cavity, which communicates via a connection opening with the interior of the line, in which the sound to be damped propagates, the cavity being otherwise closed. The inserted in the cavity closed gas volume acts as a "spring" and the gas volume in the connection opening acts as a "mass", whereby an oscillatory system is formed. This oscillation system can be excited to vibrate by sound waves, whereby energy is extracted from the sound waves, that is to say the sound is damped. However, the damping effect of such a Helmholtz resonator is limited to a certain frequency or to a certain frequency band. The frequency or the frequency band at which the Helmholtz resonator develops its damping effect depends, for example, on the geometry, the cross section, the length and thus on the volume of the cavity and the connection opening of the Helmholtz resonator. A Helmholtz resonator can best exert its damping effect if it is positioned on the line in such a way that its connecting opening communicates with the inside of the line exactly where an antinode of a standing sound wave of the frequency that has developed from the Helmholtz resonator has formed in the line should be dampened. The geometry of the line in which the sound propagates defines the positions in which a standing sound wave can form. The exact position of an antinode can be calculated at a given frequency. In order to achieve optimal attenuation of a certain frequency, the Helmholtz resonator must then be connected to the line as precisely as possible at the calculated point. In the context of a large series production, as is the rule, for example, in the production of motor vehicles or vehicle components, it is possible to precisely maintain a desired assembly position can only be ensured with a relatively high effort. In addition, the range of frequencies that can be damped with a conventional muffler equipped with a Helmholtz resonator is very narrow, so that only level peaks of certain frequencies can be damped regularly.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für einen Schalldämpfer der eingangs genannten Art eine Ausführungsform anzugeben, die relativ einfach montierbar und/oder integrierbar ist und dabei eine hohe Dämpfungswirkung gewährleistet. Darüber hinaus soll ein Schalldämpfer angegeben werden, der eine verbesserte Dämpfungswirkung und insbesondere eine vergrößerte Breitbandwirkung aufweist. Außerdem soll der Schalldämpfer besonders preiswert herstellbar sein.The present invention is concerned with the problem of specifying an embodiment for a muffler of the type mentioned at the outset which is relatively easy to assemble and / or integrate and which thereby ensures a high damping effect. In addition, a silencer is to be specified which has an improved damping effect and in particular an enlarged broadband effect. In addition, the silencer should be particularly inexpensive to manufacture.
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Schalldämpfer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This problem is solved according to the invention by a silencer with the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, einen Schalldämpfer mit mehreren, insbesondere mit einer Vielzahl, Helmholtzresonatoren auszustatten, die beieinander angeordnet sind und parallel zueinander ihre schalldämpfende Wirkung entfalten. Durch die Anordnung der Helmholtzresonatoren in Schallausbreitungsrichtung hintereinander kommt es auf die genaue Positionierung des Schalldämpfers am oder im Bauteil, z.B. einer Leitung, in der sich der zu bedämpfende Schall ausbreitet, nicht an, da von den mehreren Helmholtzresonatoren wenigstens einer zwangsläufig nahe oder direkt an einem Schwingungsbauch positioniert ist. Da somit keine besonders genaue Montagetoleranzen eingehalten werden müssen, erleichtert sich die Serienherstellung bzw. die serienmäßige Ausstattung eines Bauteils mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfer .The invention is based on the general idea of equipping a muffler with a plurality, in particular with a plurality, of Helmholtz resonators which are arranged with one another and develop their sound-absorbing effect in parallel with one another. The arrangement of the Helmholtz resonators one behind the other in the direction of sound propagation does not depend on the exact positioning of the muffler on or in the component, for example a line in which the sound to be damped propagates, since at least one of the several Helmholtz resonators is necessarily close or direct is positioned on an antinode. Since no particularly precise assembly tolerances have to be observed, series production or the standard equipment of a component with the silencer according to the invention is made easier.
Desweiteren hat sich gezeigt, daß der mit mehreren, parallel wirkender Helmholtzresonatoren ausgestattete Schalldämpfer eine relativ breitbandige Dämpfungswirkung entfaltet, so daß der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer insgesamt über eine verbesserte Dämpfungswirkung verfügt. Diese Breitbandwirkung ergibt sich insbesondere aus einer gewollten oder tolerierten Ungleichförmigkeit der einzelnen Helmholtzresonatoren, die sich bei deren Herstellung ergibt.Furthermore, it has been shown that the muffler equipped with a plurality of Helmholtz resonators acting in parallel develops a relatively broadband damping effect, so that the muffler according to the invention has an overall improved damping effect. This broadband effect results in particular from a desired or tolerated non-uniformity of the individual Helmholtz resonators, which results from their manufacture.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der in einem Axialabschnitt eines Hohlkörpers des Schalldämpf rs in einer, sich in Achsrichtung und in U fangsrichtung des Hohlkörpers erstreckenden Zone mehrere, parallel wirkende Helmholtzresonatoren in Achsrichtung hintereinander und in Um- fangsrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine flächige Anordnung einer Vielzahl von Helmholtzresonatoren am Hohlkörper, wodurch die Dämpfungswirkung bzw. die Breitbandigkeit zusätzlich erhöht ist.An embodiment is particularly advantageous in which, in an axial section of a hollow body of the silencer, in a zone extending in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction of the hollow body, a plurality of Helmholtz resonators acting in parallel are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction and next to one another in the circumferential direction. This results in a flat arrangement of a large number of Helmholtz resonators on the hollow body, as a result of which the damping effect or the broadband capability is additionally increased.
Eine kompakte Bauform ergibt sich dann, wenn benachbarte Helmholtzresonatoren aneinander angrenzen. Vorteilhaft ist dabei eine Ausführungsform, bei der die aneinander angrenzenden Helmholtzresonatoren gemeinsame Wände bzw. gemeinsa- en Wandabschnitte besitzen. Hierdurch wird die Herstellung der Helmholtzresonatoren vereinfacht.A compact design results when adjacent Helmholtz resonators are adjacent to one another. An embodiment is advantageous in which the mutually adjoining Helmholtz resonators have common walls or common own wall sections. This simplifies the manufacture of the Helmholtz resonators.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Querschnitte der Helmholtzresonatoren klein sind im Vergleich zum Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers. Hierdurch wird eine Ausführungsform gebildet, die sich durch ihre Kompaktheit auszeichnet und somit auch bei einem relativ geringen Einbauraum verwendbar ist. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, daß die Helmholtzresonatoren aufgrund ihrer großen Anzahl trotz ihrer geringen Abmessungen eine relativ große Dämpfungswirkung entfalten, so daß der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen Schalldämpfer kleiner baut, dabei eine ausreichende Dämpfungswirkung bei größerer Bandbreite entfaltet. Insbesondere für hohe oder höhere Frequenzen, z.B. ab etwa 900 Hz können mit einem klein bauenden Schalldämpfer große Dämpfungswerte erzielt werden.An embodiment is particularly advantageous in which the cross sections of the Helmholtz resonators are small compared to the cross section of the hollow body. This forms an embodiment which is distinguished by its compactness and can therefore also be used with a relatively small installation space. It has been shown that the Helmholtz resonators, due to their large number, despite their small dimensions, have a relatively large damping effect, so that the muffler according to the invention has a smaller size than a conventional muffler, and has a sufficient damping effect with a wider bandwidth. Especially for high or higher frequencies, e.g. From around 900 Hz, large attenuation values can be achieved with a small-sized silencer.
Um die Dämpfungswirkung, insbesondere die Breitbandwirkung, des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers zu verbessern, können sich zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren dadurch voneinander unterscheiden, daß ihre Hohlräume und/oder ihre Verbindungsöffnungen unterschiedliche Längen und/oder Querschnitte und/oder Geometrien und/oder Orientierungen aufweisen.In order to improve the damping effect, in particular the broadband effect, of the silencer according to the invention, at least some of the Helmholtz resonators can differ from one another in that their cavities and / or their connecting openings have different lengths and / or cross sections and / or geometries and / or orientations.
Besondere Anwendungen und Verwendungen des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 22 bis 24. Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Particular applications and uses of the muffler according to the invention result from claims 22 to 24. Further important features and advantages of the invention result from the subclaims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawings.
Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the combination indicated in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Obwohl die nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispiele eine besondere Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfer bei einer Brennkraftmaschine erläutern, ist klar, daß dies ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit der vorliegenden Erfindung erfolgt. Insbesondere kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer stets dann zur Anwendung kommen, wenn in einem Gerät Luftschall erzeugt oder übertragen wird. Dabei eignet sich der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer auf¬ grund seines kompakten Aufbaus in besondere Weise für eine Verwendung in oder an kleineren Geräten zur Dämpfung hoher oder höherer Frequenzen, beispielsweise ab 900 Hz. Beispielsweise kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer bei Haushaltsgeräten zur Anwendung kommen, z.B. Waschmaschine, Spülmaschine, Wäschetrockner, Haartrockner, Staubsauger, Dunstabzugshaube. Ebenso ist eine Anwendung bei elektromotorisch betriebenen oder druckluftbetriebenen Werkzeugen möglich, die insbesondere mit hohen Drehzahlen arbeiten. Des- weiteren kann der Schalldämpfer nach der Erfindung z.B. bei Abluftgebläsen, Kühlgebläsen, Luftabsauganlagen, Klimaanlagen, Computern zum Einsatz kommen, um dort gezielt bestimmte Frequenzen zu bed mpfen.Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the description below. Although the following exemplary embodiments explain a particular use of the muffler according to the invention in an internal combustion engine, it is clear that this is done without restricting the generality of the present invention. In particular, the silencer according to the invention can always be used when airborne sound is generated or transmitted in a device. The muffler according to the invention is particularly suitable ¬ because of its compact structure for use in or on smaller devices for damping high or higher frequencies, for example from 900 Hz. For example, the muffler according to the invention can be used in household appliances, for example washing machine, dishwasher , Tumble dryer, hair dryer, vacuum cleaner, extractor hood. It is also possible to use tools operated by electric motors or compressed air, which work in particular at high speeds. Of- Furthermore, the silencer according to the invention can be used, for example, in exhaust air fans, cooling fans, air extraction systems, air conditioning systems, computers, in order to specifically dampen specific frequencies there.
Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,Each shows schematically
Fig. 1 eine schaltplanartige Prinzipdarstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine, die mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfer ausgestattet ist,1 is a circuit diagram-like schematic representation of an internal combustion engine which is equipped with a silencer according to the invention,
Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfer,2 shows a longitudinal section through a silencer according to the invention,
Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfer undFig. 3 shows a cross section through a silencer according to the invention and
Fig. 4 ein Querschnitt wie in Fig. 3, jedoch bei einer anderen Ausführungsform.Fig. 4 is a cross section as in Fig. 3, but in another embodiment.
Entsprechend Fig. 1 kann ein erfindungsgemäßer Schalldämpfer 1 bei einer Brennkraftmaschine 2 zum Einsatz kommen, um dort Schall zu dämpfen, der im wesentlichen von einem Abgasturbolader 3 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 erzeugt wird. Der Schalldämpfer 1 ist zu diesem Zweck in einem Frischlufttrakt 4 stromab eines Luftfilters 5 und stromauf eines Verdichters 6 des Abgasturboladers 3 angeordnet. Dabei ist der Schalldämpfer 1 in ein Bauteil, nämlich in eine Leitung 7 des Frisch- lufttraktes 4 eingebaut, wird somit von der im Frischluft- trakt 4 transportierten Luft durchströmt und bildet insoweit einen Bestandteil der Leitung 7. Der vom Abgasturbolader 3 erzeugte Schall breitet sich durch die Leitung 7, entgegen der Strömungsrichtung aus und würde - bei fehlendem Schalldämpfer 1 - relativ unbedämpft bis zum Luftfilter 5 gelangen und schließlich in die Umgebung austreten. Durch die Einbindung des Schalldämpfers 1 in die Leitung 7 kann der sich in der Leitung 7 ausbreitende Schall hinsichtlich bestimmter Frequenzen bzw. Frequenzbändern bedämpft werden, wodurch sich die Schallemission der gesamten Anordnung reduzieren läßt. Vorzugsweise wird der Schalldämpfer 1 möglichst nahe an der Schallquelle positioniert, deren Schall bedämpft werden soll, also hier, nahe am Abgasturbolader 3. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Schalldämpfer 1 reinluftseitig, also stromab des Luftfilters 5 angeordnet; ebenso ist eine rohluftseitige Anordnung möglich.1, a muffler 1 according to the invention can be used in an internal combustion engine 2 in order to dampen sound there, which is essentially generated by an exhaust gas turbocharger 3 of the internal combustion engine 2. For this purpose, the silencer 1 is arranged in a fresh air tract 4 downstream of an air filter 5 and upstream of a compressor 6 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 3. The silencer 1 is installed in a component, namely in a line 7 of the fresh air tract 4. tract 4 flows through transported air and forms part of the line 7. The sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 propagates through the line 7, against the direction of flow and would - without silencer 1 - reach the air filter 5 relatively undamped and finally into the The environment. By integrating the muffler 1 in the line 7, the sound propagating in the line 7 can be damped with regard to certain frequencies or frequency bands, as a result of which the sound emission of the entire arrangement can be reduced. The muffler 1 is preferably positioned as close as possible to the sound source whose sound is to be damped, ie here, close to the exhaust gas turbocharger 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the muffler 1 is arranged on the clean air side, that is to say downstream of the air filter 5; an arrangement on the raw air side is also possible.
Vorzugsweise findet sich die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug wieder, das die Brennkraftmaschine 2 als Antriebsmotor enthält. Ebenso ist die Erfindung auf stationäre Brennkraftmaschinen 2 anwendbar. Bei der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform soll im wesentlich der vom Abgasturbolader 3 erzeugte höherfrequente Schall zumindest in bestimmten Frequenzen bedämpft werden. Ebenso ist es z.B. bei einer Brennkraftmaschine ohne Abgasturbolader möglich, den von der Brennkraftmaschine oder Bestandteilen davon, z.B. von den Ventilen der Brennkraftmaschine 2, erzeugten Schall zu bedampfen. Entsprechend Fig. 2 weist der erfindungsgemäße SchalldämpferThe arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is preferably found in a motor vehicle which contains the internal combustion engine 2 as the drive motor. The invention can also be applied to stationary internal combustion engines 2. In the embodiment shown here, the higher-frequency sound generated by the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 is essentially to be damped, at least in certain frequencies. Likewise, it is possible, for example in an internal combustion engine without an exhaust gas turbocharger, to vaporize the sound generated by the internal combustion engine or components thereof, for example by the valves of the internal combustion engine 2. 2, the silencer according to the invention has
I einen rohrförmigen Hohlkörper 8 auf, der einen Bestandteil der Leitung 7 bildet, in welche der Schalldämpfer 1 eingebaut bzw. eingebunden ist. Der Hohlkörper 8 kann dabei, wie hier, zylindrisch ausgebildet sein. Andere Ausführungsformen, z.B. mit kegelförmigem Hohlkörper, sind ebenfalls möglich.I on a tubular hollow body 8, which forms part of the line 7, in which the silencer 1 is installed or integrated. The hollow body 8 can, as here, be cylindrical. Other embodiments, e.g. with a conical hollow body are also possible.
In einem durch eine geschweifte Klammer gekennzeichneten Axialabschnitt 9 des Hohlkörpers 8, der sich hier entlang des gesamten Hohlkörpers 8 erstreckt, sind an einer Außenseite des Hohlkörpers 8 eine Vielzahl von Helmholtzresonatoren 10 in Achsrichtung hintereinander und in Umfangsrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet. Jeder dieser Helmholtzresonatoren 10 weist einen Hohlraum 11 auf, und jeder dieser HohlräumeIn an axial section 9 of the hollow body 8, characterized by a brace, which extends here along the entire hollow body 8, a plurality of Helmholtz resonators 10 are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction and next to one another in the circumferential direction on an outer side of the hollow body 8. Each of these Helmholtz resonators 10 has a cavity 11, and each of these cavities
II kommuniziert über eine einzige Verbindungsöffnung 12 mit einem Inneren 13 des Hohlkörpers 8. Im übrigen sind die Hohlräume 11 der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 verschlossen. Durch die gewählte Anordnung der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 wirken diese gleichzeitig und somit parallel mit dem Inneren 13 des Hohlkörpers 8 bzw. der Leitung 7 zusammen. Bemerkenswert ist dabei, daß die einzelnen Helmholtzresonatoren 10 im Vergleich zur Leitung 7 relativ klein dimensioniert sind, da die Querschnitte der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 bzw. der Hohlräume 11 klein sind im Vergleich zum Querschnitt der Leitung 7 bzw. des Hohlkörpers 8. Dennoch kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer 1, insbesondere bei höheren Frequenzen, z.B. ab 900 Hz, eine relativ starke DämpfungsWirkung entfalten, was auf die große Anzahl der einzelnen, parallel wirksamen Helmholtzresonatoren 10 zurückgeführt wird.II communicates via a single connection opening 12 with an interior 13 of the hollow body 8. Otherwise, the cavities 11 of the Helmholtz resonators 10 are closed. Due to the selected arrangement of the Helmholtz resonators 10, they interact simultaneously and thus in parallel with the interior 13 of the hollow body 8 or the line 7. It is noteworthy that the individual Helmholtz resonators 10 are of relatively small dimensions compared to the line 7, since the cross sections of the Helmholtz resonators 10 or the cavities 11 are small compared to the cross section of the line 7 or the hollow body 8. Nevertheless, the silencer according to the invention can 1, especially at higher frequencies, e.g. from 900 Hz, develop a relatively strong damping effect, which is attributed to the large number of individual Helmholtz resonators 10 acting in parallel.
Entsprechend Fig. 3 können im Axialabschnitt 9 des Hohlkörpers 8 zwei Zonen 14 ausgebildet sein, in denen jeweils nebeneinander und hintereinander angeordnete Helmholtzresonatoren 10 ausgebildet sind. Dabei erstrecken sich diese Zonen 14 nur teilweise entlang des Umfangs des Hohlkörpers 8 und sind gemäß Fig. 3 einander gegenüberliegend am Hohlkörper 8 angeordnet. Im Unterschied dazu kann entsprechend den Ausführungsformen gemäß der Fig. 2 und 4 auch eine einzige Zone 14 ausgebildet sein, die sich entlang des gesamten Umfangs des Hohlkörpers 8 erstreckt und diesen somit in Umfangsrich- tung vollständig umschließt. Dementsprechend sind auch die Helmholtzresonatoren 10 entlang des gesamten Umfangs nebeneinander am Hohlkörper 8 angeordnet. Andere Ausführungsformen können auch mehr als zwei solcher Zonen 14 aufweisen.According to FIG. 3, two zones 14 can be formed in the axial section 9 of the hollow body 8, in each of which Helmholtz resonators 10 arranged side by side and one behind the other are formed. These zones 14 extend only partially along the circumference of the hollow body 8 and are arranged opposite one another on the hollow body 8 according to FIG. 3. In contrast to this, according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 4, a single zone 14 can also be formed, which extends along the entire circumference of the hollow body 8 and thus completely surrounds it in the circumferential direction. Accordingly, the Helmholtz resonators 10 are also arranged next to one another on the hollow body 8 along the entire circumference. Other embodiments can also have more than two such zones 14.
Während bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 die Helmholtzresonatoren 10 bzw. deren Hohlräume 11 und deren Verbindungsöffnungen 12 parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind, zeigt Fig. 4 eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Helmholtzresonatoren 10 bzw. deren Hohlräume 11 und deren Verbindungsöffnungen 12 radial zu einer Längsachse 15 des Hohlkörpers 8 ausgerichtet sind.While in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 the Helmholtz resonators 10 or their cavities 11 and their connecting openings 12 are aligned parallel to one another, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the Helmholtz resonators 10 or their cavities 11 and their connecting openings 12 radially to a longitudinal axis 15 of the hollow body 8 are aligned.
Bei den gezeigten Ausführungsformen grenzen benachbarte Helmholtzresonatoren 10 aneinander an. Darüber hinaus besitzen die aneinander angrenzenden Helmholtzresonatoren 10 ge- meinsame Wände bzw. Wandabschnitte 16, wodurch sich deren Herstellung vereinfacht. Dabei können die Hohlräume 11 der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 grundsätzlich beliebige Querschnitte aufweisen. Bevorzugt werden jedoch kreisförmige, rechteckige oder sechseckige Querschnitte.In the embodiments shown, adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 adjoin one another. In addition, the adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 have common walls or wall sections 16, which simplifies their manufacture. The cavities 11 of the Helmholtz resonators 10 can in principle have any cross sections. However, circular, rectangular or hexagonal cross sections are preferred.
Zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 können sich voneinander unterscheiden, indem ihre Hohlräume 11 und/oder ihre Verbindungsöffnungen 12 unterschiedliche Längen und/oder Querschnitte und/oder Geometrien und/oder Orientierungen besitzen. Hierdurch kann das Dämpfungsverhalten, insbesondere die Breitbandwirkung, des Schalldämpfers 1 beein- flusst werden.At least some of the Helmholtz resonators 10 can differ from one another in that their cavities 11 and / or their connecting openings 12 have different lengths and / or cross sections and / or geometries and / or orientations. As a result, the damping behavior, in particular the broadband effect, of the silencer 1 can be influenced.
Gemäß den Fig. 3 und 4 besitzt der Hohlkörper 8 einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Es ist klar, dass der Hohlkörper 8 zumindest im Bereich seines Axialabschnitts 9 grundsätzlich einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen kann, insbesondere einen rechteckigen oder polygonalen Querschnitt.3 and 4, the hollow body 8 has a circular cross section. It is clear that the hollow body 8 can basically have any cross-section, in particular in the area of its axial section 9, in particular a rectangular or polygonal cross-section.
Entsprechend Fig. 2 wird eine Ausführungsform bevorzugt, bei der zumindest in Achsrichtung des Hohlkörpers 8 ein Abstand 17 zwischen den Verbindungsöffnungen 12 zweier benachbarter Helmholtzresonatoren 10 kleiner ist als eine ganze oder eine halbe Wellenlänge einer zu bedämpfenden Frequenz oder kleiner ist als eine ganze oder eine halbe mittlere Wellenlänge eines zu bedämpfenden Frequenzbandes. Durch diese Bauweise wird erreicht, dass es bei der Montage des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers 1 nicht auf eine genaue Positionierung des Schalldämpfers 1 an bzw. in der Leitung 7 ankommt. Denn so lange der mit den Helmholtzresonatoren 10 ausgestattete Axialabschnitt 9 im Bereich eines Schwingungsbauches positioniert ist, befindet sich zumindest einer der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 relativ dicht oder genau am Maximum des Schwingungsbauches. Auf diese Weise kann stets eine optimale Dämpfungswirkung für den Schalldämpfer 1 gewährleistet werden.According to FIG. 2, an embodiment is preferred in which, at least in the axial direction of the hollow body 8, a distance 17 between the connection openings 12 of two adjacent Helmholtz resonators 10 is smaller than a whole or half a wavelength of a frequency to be attenuated or smaller than a whole or a half average wavelength of a frequency band to be attenuated. This design ensures that the muffler 1 according to the invention is not positioned precisely Muffler 1 arrives at or in line 7. Because as long as the axial section 9 equipped with the Helmholtz resonators 10 is positioned in the region of an antinode, at least one of the Helmholtz resonators 10 is located relatively close to or exactly at the maximum of the antinode. In this way, an optimal damping effect for the silencer 1 can always be guaranteed.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer 1 so aufgebaut sein, dass die HohlräumeIn a preferred embodiment, the silencer 1 according to the invention can be constructed such that the cavities
11 von zumindest einigen der Helmholtzresonatoren 10 in einem gemeinsamen Block ausgebildet sind, der beispielsweise eine Bienenwaben-Struktur oder „Honeycomb-Struktur" besitzt. Dieser Block bildet dann ein separat herstellbares Bauteil, das an einen Wandabschnitt des Hohlkörpers 8 angebaut werden kann. Dieser Wandabschnitt ist mit den Verbindungsöffnungen11 of at least some of the Helmholtz resonators 10 are formed in a common block, which has, for example, a honeycomb structure or "honeycomb structure". This block then forms a separately producible component that can be attached to a wall section of the hollow body 8. This wall section is with the connection openings
12 ausgestattet. Durch eine geeignete Plazierung des genannten Blocks am dafür vorgesehenen Wandabschnitt wird jedem Hohlraum 11 eine separate Verbindungsöffnung 12 zugeordnet. Der Wandabschnitt begrenzt somit den Block radial innen. Radial außen ist der Block beispielsweise durch einen gemeinsamen Deckel begrenzt, der die Hohlräume 11 radial außen verschließt. Beispielsweise können die bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 vorgesehenen zwei Zonen 14 jeweils auf diese Weise ausgebildet sein. Dabei kann am Hohlkörper 8 eine Art Gehäuse ausgebildet sein, in welches der separat hergestellte, die Hohlräume 11 enthaltende Block einsetzbar ist. Durch das Verschließen dieses Gehäuses mit einem geeigneten Deckel werden gleichzeitig die Hohlräume 11 radial au- ßen verschlossen. Der Block kann mit dem Wandabschnitt des Hohlkörpers 8 und/oder mit dem Deckel auf geeignete Weise verbunden, insbesondere verschweißt sein.12 equipped. A suitable connection opening 12 is assigned to each cavity 11 by a suitable placement of the said block on the wall section provided for this purpose. The wall section thus delimits the block radially on the inside. The block is delimited radially on the outside, for example, by a common cover which closes the cavities 11 radially on the outside. For example, the two zones 14 provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 can each be formed in this way. In this case, a type of housing can be formed on the hollow body 8, in which the separately produced block containing the cavities 11 can be inserted. By closing this housing with a suitable cover, the cavities 11 are simultaneously radially closed. The block can be connected to the wall section of the hollow body 8 and / or with the cover in a suitable manner, in particular welded.
Das Bauteil, in dem sich der zu bedämpfende Schall ausbreitet, ist im beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel durch die Leitung 7 gebildet. Ebenso sind andere Ausführungsformen möglich, bei denen das Bauteil, in dem sich der zu bedämpfende Schall ausbreitet, durch einen anderen 'Bestandteil des Frischlufttrackts gebildet ist, beispielsweise durch das Luftfilter 5 oder durch einen Frischluftsammler 18, von dem aus sich die zugeführte Frischluft auf die einzelnen Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine 2 verteilt (vgl. Fig. 1). Vorzugsweise bildet dann der Hohlkörper des Schalldämpfers ein Gehäuse oder einen Bestandteil, z.B. eine Gehäusewand, des Bauteils. Beispielsweise kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer am oder im Deckel des Luftfilters 5 ausgebildet sein. Grundsätzlich kann der Schalldämpfer als Anbauteil oder als Einbauteil ausgebildet sein, das am oder im jeweiligen Bauteil montiert wird. Ebenso ist es möglich, den Schalldämpfer als integralen Bestandteil des jeweiligen Bauteils auszugestalten. Beispielsweise ist der Schalldämpfer in das Gehäuse des Luftfilters 5 oder Luftsammlers 8 integriert . The component in which the sound to be damped propagates is formed by line 7 in the exemplary embodiment described. Other embodiments are also possible, in which the component in which the sound to be attenuated is formed by another component of the fresh air track, for example by the air filter 5 or by a fresh air collector 18, from which the fresh air supplied is directed to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine 2 distributed (see. Fig. 1). The hollow body of the muffler then preferably forms a housing or a component, e.g. a housing wall, the component. For example, the silencer according to the invention can be formed on or in the cover of the air filter 5. In principle, the muffler can be designed as an attachment or as an installation part which is mounted on or in the respective component. It is also possible to design the silencer as an integral part of the respective component. For example, the muffler is integrated in the housing of the air filter 5 or air collector 8.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Schalldämpfer an oder in einem Bauteil (7), in dem sich ein zu bedämpfender Schall ausbreitet, mit einem Hohlkörper1. Silencer on or in a component (7), in which a sound to be damped spreads, with a hollow body
(8), der mit dem Bauteil (7) kommuniziert oder einen Bestandteil des Bauteils (7) bildet, wobei zumindest in einem Axialabschnitt (9) des Hohlkörpers (8) mehrere, parallel wirkende Helmholtzresonatoren (10) in Achsrichtung des Hohlkörpers (8) hintereinander angeordnet sind.(8), which communicates with the component (7) or forms a component of the component (7), wherein at least in one axial section (9) of the hollow body (8) a plurality of Helmholtz resonators (10) acting in parallel in the axial direction of the hollow body (8) are arranged one behind the other.
2. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Axialabschnitt (9) des Hohlkörpers (8) mehrere, parallel wirkende Helmholtzresonatoren (10) in Umfangsrichtung des Hohlkörpers (8) nebeneinander angeordnet sind.2. Muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the axial section (9) of the hollow body (8) a plurality of parallel Helmholtz resonators (10) in the circumferential direction of the hollow body (8) are arranged side by side.
3. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch (2), dadurch gekennzeichne , daß im Axialabschnitt (9) des Hohlkörpers (8) in einer, sich in Achsrichtung und in Umfangsrichtung des Hohlkörpers (8) erstreckenden Zone (14) mehrere, parallel wirkende Helm¬ holtzresonatoren (10) in Achsrichtung des Hohlkörpers ('8) hintereinander und in Umfangsrichtung des Hohlkörpers (8) nebeneinander angeordnet sind. 3. Muffler according to claim (2), characterized in that in the axial section (9) of the hollow body (8) in a, in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction of the hollow body (8) extending zone (14) several, parallel acting helmet ¬ holtz resonators ( 10) in the axial direction of the hollow body ( ' 8) one behind the other and in the circumferential direction of the hollow body (8) are arranged side by side.
4. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß die Zone (14) den Hohlkörper (8) in Umfangsrichtung vollständig umschließt.4. Silencer according to claim 3, characterized in that the zone (14) completely surrounds the hollow body (8) in the circumferential direction.
5. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß zwei oder mehr Zonen (14) in Umfangsrichtung verteilt am Hohlkörper (8) ausgebildet sind.5. Silencer according to claim 3, characterized in that two or more zones (14) are formed in the circumferential direction on the hollow body (8).
6. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß benachbarte Helmholtzresonatoren (10) aneinandergrenzen.6. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that adjacent Helmholtz resonators (10) adjoin each other.
7. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aneinandergrenzende Helmholtzresonatoren (10) gemeinsame Wände bzw. Wandabschnitte (10) besitzen.7. Silencer according to claim 6, characterized in that adjacent Helmholtz resonators (10) have common walls or wall sections (10).
8. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß die Querschnitte der Helmholtzresonatoren (10) klein sind im Vergleich zum Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers (8) .8. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cross sections of the Helmholtz resonators (10) are small compared to the cross section of the hollow body (8).
9. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichn , daß jeder Helmholtzresonator (10) einen Hohlraum (11) aufweist, der über eine separate Verbindungsöffnung (12) mit dem Inneren (13) des Hohlkörpers (8) kommuniziert. 9. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each Helmholtz resonator (10) has a cavity (11) which communicates via a separate connection opening (12) with the interior (13) of the hollow body (8).
10. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennz ichne , daß ein Abstand (17) zwischen den Verbindungsöffnungen (12) benachbarter Helmholtzresonatoren (10) kleiner ist als eine oder eine halbe Wellenlänge einer zu bedämpfenden Frequenz oder kleiner ist als eine oder eine halbe mittlere Wellenlänge eines zu bedämpfenden Frequenzbandes.10. Muffler according to claim 9, characterized gekennz ichne that a distance (17) between the connection openings (12) of adjacent Helmholtz resonators (10) is less than one or half a wavelength of a frequency to be attenuated or less than one or half a medium wavelength of a frequency band to be attenuated.
11. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichne , dass jeder Helmholtzresonator (10) einen Hohlraum (11) aufweist, wobei die Hohlräume (11) mehrerer Helmholtzresonatoren (10) mit einer gemeinsamen Abdeckung radial außen verschlossen sind.11. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each Helmholtz resonator (10) has a cavity (11), the cavities (11) of a plurality of Helmholtz resonators (10) being closed radially on the outside with a common cover.
12. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichne , dass sich zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren (10) dadurch voneinander unterscheiden, dass ihre Hohlräume (11) und/oder ihre Verbindungsöffnungen (12) unterschiedliche Längen und/oder Querschnitte und/oder Geometrien und/oder Orientierungen aufweisen.12. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least some of the Helmholtz resonators (10) differ from one another in that their cavities (11) and / or their connecting openings (12) have different lengths and / or cross sections and / or Have geometries and / or orientations.
13. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichne , dass zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren (10) parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. 13. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least some of the Helmholtz resonators (10) are aligned parallel to one another.
14. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch geken zeichne , daß zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren (10) radial zu einer Längsachse (15) des Hohlkörpers (8) ausgerichtet sind.14. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least some of the Helmholtz resonators (10) are aligned radially to a longitudinal axis (15) of the hollow body (8).
15. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch geken zeichnet, daß zumindest einige der Helmholtzresonatoren (10) dadurch am Hohlkörper (8) ausgebildet sind, dass ein die Hohlräume (11) dieser Helmholtzresonatoren (10) enthaltender gemeinsamer Block radial außen durch einen gemeinsamen Deckel und radial innen durch einen gemeinsamen, die Verbindungsöffnungen (12) dieser Helmholtzresonatoren (10) enthaltenden Wandabschnitt des Hohlkörpers (8) begrenzt ist.15. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least some of the Helmholtz resonators (10) are formed on the hollow body (8) in that the cavities (11) of these Helmholtz resonators (10) containing common block radially through a common cover and radially inside by a common wall section of the hollow body (8) containing the connection openings (12) of these Helmholtz resonators (10).
16. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß der Block eine Honeycomb-Struktur besitzt.16. Silencer according to claim 15, characterized in that the block has a honeycomb structure.
17. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß der Hohlkörper (8) ein Gehäuse oder einen Gehäusebestandteil des Bauteils (7) bildet.17. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the hollow body (8) forms a housing or a housing component of the component (7).
18. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalldämpfer (1) als Anbauteil zum Anbau an das Bauteil (7) oder als Einbauteil zum Einbau in das Bauteil (7) oder als integraler Bestandteil des Bauteils (7) ausgebildet ist.18. Muffler according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the muffler (1) as an attachment for attachment to the component (7) or as an installation part for installation in the component (7) or as an integral part of the component (7).
19. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bauteil (7) einen Bestandteil eines Frischlufttraktes (4) oder eines Abgastraktes einer Brennkraftmaschine (2) bildet .19. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the component (7) forms part of a fresh air tract (4) or an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine (2).
20. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichn , daß der Schalldämpfer (1) im Frischlufttrakt (4) stromab eines Luftfilters (5) und stromauf eines Abgasturboladers (3) der Brennkraftmaschine (2) angeordnet ist.20. Silencer according to claim 19, characterized in that the silencer (1) in the fresh air tract (4) downstream of an air filter (5) and upstream of an exhaust gas turbocharger (3) of the internal combustion engine (2) is arranged.
21. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichne , daß das Bauteil durch eine Leitung (7) oder ein Luftfilter oder einen Luftsammler gebildet ist.21. Silencer according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the component is formed by a line (7) or an air filter or an air collector.
22. Verwendung eines Schalldämpfers (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21 an oder in einem Gerät, das mit einem Verbrennungsmotor oder mit einem Elektromotor oder mit Druckluft angetrieben- ist .22. Use of a silencer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21 on or in a device which is driven with an internal combustion engine or with an electric motor or with compressed air.
23. Verwendung nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennz ichne , daß das Gerät durch ein Kraftfahrzeug oder eine Waschmaschine oder eine Spülmaschine oder einen Wäschetrockner oder ei- nen Haartrockner oder einen Staubsauger oder ein Abluftgebläse oder eine Luftabsauganlage oder ein druckluftbetriebenes oder elektromotorisch betriebenes Werkzeug gebildet ist.23. Use according to claim 22, characterized in that the device by a motor vehicle or a washing machine or a dishwasher or a clothes dryer or egg a hair dryer or a vacuum cleaner or an exhaust fan or an air extraction system or a tool operated by compressed air or by an electric motor is formed.
24. Verwendung eines Schalldämpfers (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21 zum Bedampfen von Schall im Bereich relativ hoher Frequenzen, z.B. ab etwa 900 Hz. 24. Use of a silencer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21 for steaming sound in the range of relatively high frequencies, e.g. from about 900 Hz.
EP02701191A 2001-01-18 2002-01-15 Silencer with a plurality of resonance chambers Revoked EP1352172B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10102040A DE10102040A1 (en) 2001-01-18 2001-01-18 Silencer, for a motor exhaust or turbo charger air intake, has a hollow body at the component to be suppressed containing a number of parallel Helmholtz resonators
DE10102040 2001-01-18
PCT/DE2002/000094 WO2002057616A1 (en) 2001-01-18 2002-01-15 Silencer with a plurality of resonance chambers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1352172A1 true EP1352172A1 (en) 2003-10-15
EP1352172B1 EP1352172B1 (en) 2004-12-01

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EP02701191A Revoked EP1352172B1 (en) 2001-01-18 2002-01-15 Silencer with a plurality of resonance chambers

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US (1) US20040069563A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1352172B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10102040A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002057616A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50201672D1 (en) 2005-01-05
DE10102040A1 (en) 2002-07-25
WO2002057616A1 (en) 2002-07-25
US20040069563A1 (en) 2004-04-15
EP1352172B1 (en) 2004-12-01

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