EP1344589A2 - Process and device for treating an alloy melt before a casting operation - Google Patents

Process and device for treating an alloy melt before a casting operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1344589A2
EP1344589A2 EP03003899A EP03003899A EP1344589A2 EP 1344589 A2 EP1344589 A2 EP 1344589A2 EP 03003899 A EP03003899 A EP 03003899A EP 03003899 A EP03003899 A EP 03003899A EP 1344589 A2 EP1344589 A2 EP 1344589A2
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Prior art keywords
melt
crystallization
alloy
container
crystallization container
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1344589B1 (en
EP1344589A3 (en
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Evgenij Dr. Sterling
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for processing a melt of an alloy for a casting process, which in a partially solidified state is brought and crystallization nuclei distributed over their volume contains.
  • the invention has for its object a melt of an alloy to prepare in such a way that the distribution is as fine and homogeneous as possible the nuclei are present over the volume of the melt, before it is placed in a mold.
  • melt that is above has the melting temperature of the alloy, in a temperature below the melting temperature heated crystallization tank that brought this melt alloy is added as a powder in the crystallization container and that by means of electrical and / or magnetic forces melt and Powder are mixed together in the crystallization container.
  • the powdery particles of the alloy which by the Melt immediately enveloped, form crystallization nuclei, which means of the electrical and / or magnetic forces within the melt be distributed homogeneously.
  • the Melt is introduced as a jet into the crystallization tank extends between two electrodes to which an electrical voltage is created. Due to the so-called pinch effect, the Beam narrowed and compressed during the inflow is already partially broken down into individual, liquid drops.
  • the crystallization tank is not filled with a compact jet, but with a dispersed jet. This increases the area of the melt volume clearly, with degassing also taking place.
  • a magnetic field is formed in the crystallization container.
  • the magnetic field and the electric field act on the melt and the particles in it differ, so that the mixing effect is promoted.
  • the The melt is sucked into the crystallization vessel, which is pressurized becomes.
  • the incoming jet is out
  • the melt continues to disperse and dissolve into individual drops. Also this promotes the formation of crystallization nuclei.
  • the melt is fed to the crystallization container with the supply of protective gas.
  • the process is further improved, especially if the protective gas is supplied under pressure.
  • the protective gas prevents chemical reactions of the alloy with the atmosphere, which could adversely affect the subsequent casting process.
  • a crystallization container with an inlet for the melt and an inlet for alloy in powder form is provided, which has a heating device and which is provided in the region of its base and its inlet with electrodes applied to a voltage source.
  • a furnace 10 In a furnace 10 is a melt 11 of a metal alloy, for example AlSi 9, kept at a temperature above the Melting temperature of this alloy is.
  • the oven 10 is vacuum tight closed and kept under vacuum by means of a suction device 12.
  • the furnace 10 is connected to a crystallization container via a pouring line 13 14 connected.
  • the crystallization container 14 consists of a cylinder 15 made of electrically non-conductive material that has a thermal conductivity between 0.20 and 1.5W / mk.
  • the cylinder 15 is at the top closed a lid 16, which is also made of electrically non-conductive Material exists.
  • the line 13 connects to the cover.
  • the lid with an inlet piece 17 made of electrically conductive material connected.
  • the inlet piece 17 has a conically widening Inlet opening.
  • a suction line 18 connects to the cover 16, which is connected to a suction 19.
  • the lid 16 is also with a filler neck 20 through which alloy in Powder form can be entered into the crystallization container 14.
  • a piston 21, which also serves as the base of the crystallization container 14 consists of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the piston 21 is in an adjoining the crystallization container 14 Cylinder 22 guided, which is provided with a drain opening, not shown is.
  • the cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 is in the area its bottom provided with an electrode 23.
  • the inlet piece 17 is made of electrically conductive material. Between the electrode 23 and the inlet piece 17 is a voltage source 24 arranged, their tension and especially theirs Amperage is adjustable by means of an adjusting device 25.
  • the crystallization container 14 is a preferably electrical heating device 26 assigned, which is preferably adjustable and which Crystallization container 14 heated to a preselectable temperature and keeps at that temperature. Furthermore, the crystallization tank 14 assigned a solenoid 27 with which inside the Cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 builds up a magnetic field is.
  • the pouring channel 13 is equipped with a gate valve 28, via which the connection between the furnace 19 and the crystallization tank 14 can be released and locked.
  • a feed line 29 via which protective gas Overpressure can be supplied, for example argon.
  • melt 11 is first placed in the furnace 10 filled.
  • the oven 10 is turned on by means of the suction 12 Vacuum brought from 0.5mbar to 3mbar.
  • the crystallization tank 14 is heated to a temperature by means of the heating device 26, which 3% to 50% lower than the melting temperature of the alloy in question is.
  • suction 19 creates a vacuum that is stronger than the vacuum in the furnace 10th
  • the melt 11 is placed in the crystallization container 14 sucked in.
  • protective gas is supplied via the line 29 fed. Due to the suction effect, alloy is also in powder form sucked in via the inlet connection 20. The powder is in the Melt enclosed and distributed.
  • a voltage is applied to the electrode 23 and the inlet piece 17, so that a current flows in the beam of the melt, the size of which is less than 10A.
  • a mixture to be as homogeneously dispersed as possible is obtained by means of the magnetic coil 27 inside the crystallization container 14 generates a magnetic field that leads to a radial Movement of the melt leads.
  • the voltage source 24 is on two electrodes 30 and 31 of the cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 connected.
  • the second connection is made to the pouring channel 13.
  • the piston 21 moves during filling the melt continuously down, then one after the other the electrodes 30 and 31 are used, which with the piston movement can be switched on and off via switches 32 and 33.
  • a storage or transport container 34 passed on, in which they are in the processed state is held.
  • This container 34 is provided with a suction 35 so that a vacuum can be applied to it. He is with a heater 36 and a solenoid 37. As well it is equipped with an electrode 38.
  • the two end walls of the Container 34 are formed by pistons 39 and 40.
  • the container 34 can also be used for shaping.
  • the thermokinetic sequence can be predicted with the nomogram shown in FIG. 4.
  • the nomogram shown applies to the AlSi9Cu 3 alloy.
  • the amount of powdery alloy that is added with a grain size of about 125 microns to about 400 microns is applied in percentages.
  • the temperature difference ⁇ T in [C °] is the difference between the casting temperature and the melting temperature of the alloy. If an amount of powdery alloy is added which lies in the nomogram area A, this only brings about a reduction in the temperature of the melt. The melt is thus brought into a semi-solid state without the powdery particles forming nuclei. However, if an amount of powdery alloy is added so that the nomogram area B is reached, the powdery particles act as additional unmelted nuclei. If powdery particles are added in the nomogram area C, the two processes will take place side by side, ie a reduction in the overheating temperature and nucleation due to unmelted particles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Production of a melt of an alloy for casting comprises: (a) placing the melt having a temperature lying above the liquidus temperature of the alloy in a crystallization vessel (14) heated to a temperature lying below the liquidus temperature; (b) adding an alloy as a powder; and (c) mixing the melt and powder using electrical and/or magnetic forces. An Independent claim is also included for a device for carrying out the process. Preferred Features: The melt is introduced into the crystallization vessel as a beam extending between two electrodes (17, 23) to which an electrical voltage is applied. A magnetic field is formed in the crystallization vessel. The melt is suctioned into the vessel under pressure and with the introduction of a protective gas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten einer Schmelze einer Legierung für einen Gießvorgang, die in einen teilerstarrten Zustand gebracht wird und über ihr Volumen verteilte Kristallisationskeime enthält.The invention relates to a method and a device for processing a melt of an alloy for a casting process, which in a partially solidified state is brought and crystallization nuclei distributed over their volume contains.

Das Herstellen von halberstarrter Legierungen ist beispielsweise aus einem Beitrag von J.-P. Gabathuler und J. Erling "Thixocasting: ein moderndes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formbauteilen" bekannt, der in dem Tagungsband "Aluminium als Leichtbaustoff in Transport und Verkehr", ETH Zürich, S. 63 bis 77 vom 27.05.1994 bekannt.The manufacture of semi-rigid alloys is, for example, from a contribution by J.-P. Gabathuler and J. Erling "Thixocasting: a modern Process for the production of molded components "known in the conference volume "Aluminum as a lightweight building material in transport and traffic", ETH Zurich, pp. 63 to 77 from May 27, 1994.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schmelze einer Legierung so aufzubereiten, dass eine möglichst feine und homogene Verteilung der Kristallisationskeime über das Volumen der Schmelze vorliegt, bevor diese in eine Gießform eingebracht wird.The invention has for its object a melt of an alloy to prepare in such a way that the distribution is as fine and homogeneous as possible the nuclei are present over the volume of the melt, before it is placed in a mold.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass Schmelze, die eine oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Legierung liegende Temperatur aufweist, in einen auf eine unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur liegende Temperatur beheizten Kristallisationsbehälter gebracht wird, dass dieser Schmelze in dem Kristallisationsbehälter Legierung als Pulver zugegeben wird und dass mittels elektrischer und/oder magnetischer Kräfte Schmelze und Pulver in dem Kristallisationsbehälter miteinander vermischt werden.This problem is solved in that melt that is above has the melting temperature of the alloy, in a temperature below the melting temperature heated crystallization tank that brought this melt alloy is added as a powder in the crystallization container and that by means of electrical and / or magnetic forces melt and Powder are mixed together in the crystallization container.

Insbesondere die pulverförmigen Partikel der Legierung, die von der Schmelze sofort umhüllt werden, bilden Kristallisationskeime, die mittels der elektrischen und/oder magnetischen Kräfte innerhalb der Schmelze homogen verteilt werden.In particular, the powdery particles of the alloy, which by the Melt immediately enveloped, form crystallization nuclei, which means of the electrical and / or magnetic forces within the melt be distributed homogeneously.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, dass die Schmelze als Strahl in den Kristallisationsbehälter eingebracht wird, der sich zwischen zwei Elektroden erstreckt, an die eine elektrische Spannung angelegt wird. Aufgrund des sogenannten Pinch-Effektes wird der Strahl verengt und zusammengepresst, der während des Einströmens schon teilweise in einzelne, flüssige Tropfen aufgespalten wird. Der Kristallisationsbehälter wird somit nicht mit einem kompakten Strahl gefüllt, sondern mit einem dispergierten Strahl. Damit erhöht sich die Fläche des Schmelzenvolumens deutlich, wobei auch eine Entgasung stattfindet.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the Melt is introduced as a jet into the crystallization tank extends between two electrodes to which an electrical voltage is created. Due to the so-called pinch effect, the Beam narrowed and compressed during the inflow is already partially broken down into individual, liquid drops. The crystallization tank is not filled with a compact jet, but with a dispersed jet. This increases the area of the melt volume clearly, with degassing also taking place.

Wenn die Schmelze vollständig in den Kristallisationsbehälter eingeströmt ist, verschwindet der Schmelzenstrahl, so dass dann auch der Stromfluss unterbrochen wird. Um weiter eine Dispergierung zu erreichen und auch ein elektrisches Feld zu erzeugen, wird dann in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass nach Einbringen der Schmelze zwischen der Schmelze und einer Elektrode ein Lichtbogen gezündet wird.When the melt completely flows into the crystallization tank the melt jet disappears, so that then the Current flow is interrupted. To further achieve dispersion and also to generate an electric field is then used in another Embodiment of the invention provided that after the An arc melts between the melt and an electrode is ignited.

Um weiter das Durchmischen der in dem Kristallisationsbehälter befindlichen Schmelze zu fördern und dabei die Kristallisationskeime fein zu verteilen, wird in dem Kristallisationsbehälter ein Magnetfeld gebildet. Das Magnetfeld und das elektrische Feld wirken auf die Schmelze und die darin befindlichen Partikel unterschiedlich ein, so dass der Vermischungseffekt gefördert wird.To continue mixing the ones in the crystallization tank To promote melt and the crystallization nuclei to fine distribute, a magnetic field is formed in the crystallization container. The magnetic field and the electric field act on the melt and the particles in it differ, so that the mixing effect is promoted.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, dass die Schmelze in den unter Unterdruck gesetzten Kristallisationsbehälter eingesaugt wird. Durch die Erzeugung eines Vakuums in dem Kristallisationsbehälter wird weiter erreicht, dass der einströmende Strahl aus Schmelze weiter dispergiert und sich in einzelne Tropfen auflöst. Auch damit wird die Bildung von Kristallisationskeimen gefördert.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the The melt is sucked into the crystallization vessel, which is pressurized becomes. By creating a vacuum in the crystallization tank it is further achieved that the incoming jet is out The melt continues to disperse and dissolve into individual drops. Also this promotes the formation of crystallization nuclei.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, dass die Schmelze unter Zufuhr von Schutzgas dem Kristallisationsbehälter zugeführt wird. Insbesondere wenn das Schutzgas unter Druck zugeführt wird, wird der Prozess weiter verbessert. Darüber hinaus verhindert das Schutzgas chemische Reaktionen der Legierung mit der Atmosphäre, was den anschließenden Gießvorgang nachteilig beeinflussen könnte.
Bei einer Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens wird ein Kristallisationsbehälter mit einem Einlass für die Schmelze und einem Einlass für Legierung in Pulverform vorgesehen, der eine Heizeinrichtung aufweist und der im Bereich seines Bodens und seines Einlasses mit an eine Spannungsquelle angelegten Elektroden versehen ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the melt is fed to the crystallization container with the supply of protective gas. The process is further improved, especially if the protective gas is supplied under pressure. In addition, the protective gas prevents chemical reactions of the alloy with the atmosphere, which could adversely affect the subsequent casting process.
In a device for carrying out the method, a crystallization container with an inlet for the melt and an inlet for alloy in powder form is provided, which has a heating device and which is provided in the region of its base and its inlet with electrodes applied to a voltage source.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsformen.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung, die direkt an einen Ofen angeschlossen ist,
Fig. 2
eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer Zusatzeinrichtung zur Übernahme der aufbereiteten Schmelze und
Fig. 4
ein Nomogramm zur Voraussage des thermokinetischen Ablaufs.
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the embodiments shown in the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows a device according to the invention in section in a schematic representation, which is connected directly to an oven,
Fig. 2
a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a device according to the invention with an additional device for taking over the processed melt and
Fig. 4
a nomogram to predict the thermokinetic process.

In einem Ofen 10 wird eine Schmelze 11 einer Metalllegierung, beispielsweise AlSi 9, auf einer Temperatur gehalten, die oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur dieser Legierung liegt. Der Ofen 10 ist vakuumdicht verschlossen und mittels einer Absaugung 12 unter Vakuum gehalten.In a furnace 10 is a melt 11 of a metal alloy, for example AlSi 9, kept at a temperature above the Melting temperature of this alloy is. The oven 10 is vacuum tight closed and kept under vacuum by means of a suction device 12.

Der Ofen 10 ist über eine Gießleitung 13 mit einem Kristallisationsbehälter 14 verbunden. Der Kristallisationsbehälter 14 besteht aus einem Zylinder 15 aus elektrisch nicht leitendem Material, das eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit zwischen 0,20 und 1,5W/mk besitzt. Der Zylinder 15 ist oben mit einem Deckel 16 verschlossen, der ebenfalls aus elektrisch nicht leitendem Material besteht. An den Deckel schließt die Leitung 13 an. Hierzu ist der Deckel mit einem Einlassstück 17 aus elektrisch leitendem Material verbunden. Das Einlassstück 17 besitzt eine sich konisch erweiternde Einlassöffnung. An den Deckel 16 schließt eine Absaugleitung 18 an, die mit einer Absaugung 19 verbunden ist. Der Deckel 16 ist weiter mit einem Einfüllstutzen 20 versehen, durch welchen hindurch Legierung in Pulverform in den Kristallisationsbehälter 14 eingegeben werden kann.The furnace 10 is connected to a crystallization container via a pouring line 13 14 connected. The crystallization container 14 consists of a cylinder 15 made of electrically non-conductive material that has a thermal conductivity between 0.20 and 1.5W / mk. The cylinder 15 is at the top closed a lid 16, which is also made of electrically non-conductive Material exists. The line 13 connects to the cover. For this is the lid with an inlet piece 17 made of electrically conductive material connected. The inlet piece 17 has a conically widening Inlet opening. A suction line 18 connects to the cover 16, which is connected to a suction 19. The lid 16 is also with a filler neck 20 through which alloy in Powder form can be entered into the crystallization container 14.

Als Boden des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 dient ein Kolben 21, der ebenfalls aus einem elektrisch nicht leitenden Material besteht. Der Kolben 21 ist in einem an den Kristallisationsbehälter 14 anschließenden Zylinder 22 geführt, der mit einer nicht dargestellten Abflussöffnung versehen ist. Der Zylinder 15 des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 ist im Bereich seines Bodens mit einer Elektrode 23 versehen. Wie schon erwähnt wurde, ist das Einlassstück 17 aus elektrisch leitendem Material. Zwischen der Elektrode 23 und dem Einlassstück 17 ist eine Spannungsquelle 24 angeordnet, deren Spannung und vor allem auch deren Stromstärke mittels einer Verstelleinrichtung 25 einstellbar ist. A piston 21, which also serves as the base of the crystallization container 14 consists of an electrically non-conductive material. The piston 21 is in an adjoining the crystallization container 14 Cylinder 22 guided, which is provided with a drain opening, not shown is. The cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 is in the area its bottom provided with an electrode 23. As already mentioned the inlet piece 17 is made of electrically conductive material. Between the electrode 23 and the inlet piece 17 is a voltage source 24 arranged, their tension and especially theirs Amperage is adjustable by means of an adjusting device 25.

Dem Kristallisationsbehälter 14 ist eine vorzugsweise elektrische Heizeinrichtung 26 zugeordnet, die vorzugsweise regelbar ist und die den Kristallisationsbehälter 14 auf einer vorwählbare Temperatur aufheizt und auf dieser Temperatur hält. Des weiteren ist dem Kristallisationsbehälter 14 eine Magnetspule 27 zugeordnet, mit welcher im Innern des Zylinders 15 des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 ein Magnetfeld aufbaubar ist.The crystallization container 14 is a preferably electrical heating device 26 assigned, which is preferably adjustable and which Crystallization container 14 heated to a preselectable temperature and keeps at that temperature. Furthermore, the crystallization tank 14 assigned a solenoid 27 with which inside the Cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 builds up a magnetic field is.

Der Gießkanal 13 ist mit einem Absperrschieber 28 ausgerüstet, über welchen die Verbindung zwischen dem Ofen 19 und dem Kristallisationsbehälter 14 freigegeben und abgesperrt werden kann. An den Gießkanal 13 schließt eine Zuführleitung 29 an, über welche Schutzgas mit Überdruck zugeführt werden kann, beispielsweise Argon.The pouring channel 13 is equipped with a gate valve 28, via which the connection between the furnace 19 and the crystallization tank 14 can be released and locked. To the pouring canal 13 connects to a feed line 29 via which protective gas Overpressure can be supplied, for example argon.

Zum Aufbereiten einer Schmelze wird zunächst Schmelze 11 in den Ofen 10 eingefüllt. Der Ofen 10 wird mittels der Absaugung 12 auf ein Vakuum von 0,5mbar bis 3mbar gebracht. Der Kristallisationsbehälter 14 wird mittels der Heizeinrichtung 26 auf eine Temperatur aufgeheizt, die 3% bis 50% niedriger als die Schmelztemperatur der betreffenden Legierung ist. In dem Kristallisationsbehälter 14 wird mittels der Absaugung 19 ein Vakuum erzeugt, das stärker ist als das Vakuum in dem Ofen 10.To prepare a melt, melt 11 is first placed in the furnace 10 filled. The oven 10 is turned on by means of the suction 12 Vacuum brought from 0.5mbar to 3mbar. The crystallization tank 14 is heated to a temperature by means of the heating device 26, which 3% to 50% lower than the melting temperature of the alloy in question is. In the crystallization tank 14 by means of suction 19 creates a vacuum that is stronger than the vacuum in the furnace 10th

Sobald der Schieber 28 geöffnet wird, wird Schmelze 11 in den Kristallisationsbehälter 14 eingesaugt. Dabei wird Schutzgas über die Leitung 29 zugeführt. Aufgrund der Saugwirkung wird auch Legierung in Pulverform über den Einlassstutzen 20 angesaugt. Das Pulver wird in die Schmelze eingeschlossen und verteilt.As soon as the slide 28 is opened, the melt 11 is placed in the crystallization container 14 sucked in. In the process, protective gas is supplied via the line 29 fed. Due to the suction effect, alloy is also in powder form sucked in via the inlet connection 20. The powder is in the Melt enclosed and distributed.

An die Elektrode 23 und das Einlassstück 17 wird eine Spannung angelegt, so dass in dem Strahl der Schmelze ein Strom fließt, dessen Größe weniger als 10A beträgt. Um ein möglichst homogen dispergiertes Gemisch zu erhalten, wird mittels der Magnetspule 27 im Innern des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das zu einer radialen Bewegung der Schmelze führt.A voltage is applied to the electrode 23 and the inlet piece 17, so that a current flows in the beam of the melt, the size of which is less than 10A. In order for a mixture to be as homogeneously dispersed as possible is obtained by means of the magnetic coil 27 inside the crystallization container 14 generates a magnetic field that leads to a radial Movement of the melt leads.

Nachdem die gesamte Schmelze in den Kristallisationsbehälter eingeströmt ist, ist zunächst der Stromkreis unterbrochen. Jetzt wird die Spannung auf Werte von 150V bis 400V erhöht, so dass ein Lichtbogen gezündet wird, in welchem ein Strom mit einer Stärke bis zu 1300A strömen kann. Um eine gerichtete Kristallisation zu vermeiden, wird das elektromagnetische Feld, das mit der Magnetspule 27 erzeugt wird, variiert und beispielsweise in Richtung der Füllung kontinuierlich erhöht.After all of the melt has flowed into the crystallization tank the circuit is initially interrupted. Now that is Voltage increased to values from 150V to 400V, causing an arc is ignited, in which a current with a strength of up to 1300 A flows can. To avoid directional crystallization, this is electromagnetic field generated with the solenoid 27 varies and continuously increased in the direction of the filling, for example.

Nachdem die Schmelze in dieser Weise aufbereitet worden ist, wird der Kolben 21 abgesenkt, so dass die Schmelze über den Zylinder und dessen Abflussöffnung ausfließt und in geeigneter Weise weiter verarbeitet wird. Dabei können alle bekannten Gussverfahren angewandt werden.After the melt has been processed in this way, the Piston 21 lowered so that the melt over the cylinder and its Drain opening flows out and processed in a suitable manner becomes. All known casting processes can be used.

Bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform wird vorgesehen, dass die Elektrode 23 in den Kolben 21 integriert ist, der den Boden des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 bildet.In a modified embodiment it is provided that the Electrode 23 is integrated in the piston 21, which is the bottom of the crystallization container 14 forms.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ist die Spannungsquelle 24 an zwei Elektroden 30 und 31 des Zylinders 15 des Kristallisationsbehälters 14 angeschlossen. Der zweite Anschluss erfolgt an den Gießkanal 13. Bei dieser Ausführung bewegt sich der Kolben 21 während des Einfüllens der Schmelze kontinuierlich nach unten, wobei dann nacheinander die Elektroden 30 und 31 zum Einsatz kommen, die mit der Kolbenbewegung über Schalter 32 und 33 zu- und abgeschaltet werden.2, the voltage source 24 is on two electrodes 30 and 31 of the cylinder 15 of the crystallization container 14 connected. The second connection is made to the pouring channel 13. In this embodiment, the piston 21 moves during filling the melt continuously down, then one after the other the electrodes 30 and 31 are used, which with the piston movement can be switched on and off via switches 32 and 33.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 wird die in den Kristallisationsbehälter 14 aufbereitete Schmelze in einen Aufbewahrungs- oder Transportbehälter 34 weitergegeben, in welchem sie in dem aufbereiteten Zustand gehalten wird. Dieser Behälter 34 ist mit einer Absaugung 35 versehen, so dass an ihn ein Unterdruck angelegt werden kann. Er ist mit einer Heizeinrichtung 36 und einer Magnetspule 37 versehen. Ebenso ist er mit einer Elektrode 38 ausgerüstet. Die beiden Stirnwände des Behälters 34 werden von Kolben 39 und 40 gebildet. Der Behälter 34 kann auch zur Formgebung eingesetzt werden.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, it is placed in the crystallization container 14 processed melt in a storage or transport container 34 passed on, in which they are in the processed state is held. This container 34 is provided with a suction 35 so that a vacuum can be applied to it. He is with a heater 36 and a solenoid 37. As well it is equipped with an electrode 38. The two end walls of the Container 34 are formed by pistons 39 and 40. The container 34 can also be used for shaping.

Mit dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Nomogramm lässt sich der thermokinetische Ablauf voraussagen. Das dargestellte Nomogramm gilt für die Legierung AlSi9Cu3. Die Menge an pulverförmiger Legierung, die mit einer Korngröße von etwa 125µm bis etwa 400µm zugegeben wird, ist in Mengenprozentanteilen aufgetragen. Die Temperaturdifferenz ΔT in [C°] ist der Unterschied zwischen der Gießtemperatur und der Schmelztemperatur der Legierung. Wenn eine Menge an pulverförmiger Legierung zugegeben wird, die in dem Nomogrammbereich A liegt, so bewirkt diese nur eine Reduzierung der Temperatur der Schmelze. Die Schmelze wird damit in einem halberstarrten Zustand versetzt, ohne dass die pulverförmigen Partikel Kristallisationskeime bilden. Wenn jedoch eine Menge an pulverförmiger Legierung zugegeben wird, so dass der Nomogrammbereich B erreicht wird, so wirken die pulverförmigen Partikel als zusätzliche, nicht geschmolzene Kristallisationskeime. Erfolgt die Zugabe von pulverförmigen Partikeln in dem Nomogrammbereich C, so werden die beiden Vorgänge nebeneinander ablaufen, d.h. eine Verringerung der Überhitzungstemperatur und eine Keimbildung aufgrund nicht geschmolzener Partikel.The thermokinetic sequence can be predicted with the nomogram shown in FIG. 4. The nomogram shown applies to the AlSi9Cu 3 alloy. The amount of powdery alloy that is added with a grain size of about 125 microns to about 400 microns is applied in percentages. The temperature difference ΔT in [C °] is the difference between the casting temperature and the melting temperature of the alloy. If an amount of powdery alloy is added which lies in the nomogram area A, this only brings about a reduction in the temperature of the melt. The melt is thus brought into a semi-solid state without the powdery particles forming nuclei. However, if an amount of powdery alloy is added so that the nomogram area B is reached, the powdery particles act as additional unmelted nuclei. If powdery particles are added in the nomogram area C, the two processes will take place side by side, ie a reduction in the overheating temperature and nucleation due to unmelted particles.

Selbstverständlich müssen unterschiedliche Nomogramme für unterschiedliche Legierungen gebildet werden.Of course, different nomograms have to be made for different ones Alloys are formed.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Aufbereiten einer Schmelze einer Legierung für einen Gießvorgang, die in einen teilerstarrten Zustand gebracht wird und über ihr Volumen verteilte Kristallisationskeime enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze, die eine oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Legierung liegende Temperatur aufweist, in einen auf eine unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur liegende Temperatur beheizten Kristallisationsbehälter gebracht wird, dass dieser Schmelze in den Kristallisationsbehälter Legierung als Pulver zugegeben wird, und dass mittels elektrischer und/oder magnetischer Kräfte Schmelze und Pulver in dem Kristallisationsbehälter miteinander vermischt werden.Method for preparing a melt of an alloy for a casting process, which is brought into a partially solidified state and contains crystallization nuclei distributed over its volume, characterized in that the melt, which has a temperature above the melting temperature of the alloy, changes to a temperature below that Is brought melting temperature temperature heated crystallization container that this melt in the crystallization alloy is added as a powder, and that the melt and powder are mixed together in the crystallization container by means of electrical and / or magnetic forces. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze als Strahl in den Kristallisationsbehälter eingebracht wird, der sich zwischen zwei Elektroden erstreckt, an die eine elektrische Spannung angelegt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the melt is introduced as a beam into the crystallization container, which extends between two electrodes to which an electrical voltage is applied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Einbringen der Schmelze zwischen der Schmelze und eine Elektrode ein Lichtbogen gezündet wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an arc is ignited after the melt has been introduced between the melt and an electrode. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Kristallisationsbehälter ein Magnetfeld gebildet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a magnetic field is formed in the crystallization container. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze in den unter Unterdruck gesetzten Kristallisationsbehälter eingesaugt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the melt is sucked into the crystallization container which is pressurized. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze unter Zufuhr von Schutzgas dem Kristallisationsbehälter zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the melt is supplied to the crystallization vessel with the supply of protective gas. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Kristallisationsbehälter (14) mit einem Einlass (17) für die Schmelze und einem Einlass (20) für Legierung in Pulverform vorgesehen ist, der eine Heizeinrichtung (26) aufweist und der im Bereich seines Bodens und seines Einlasses mit an eine Spannungsquelle (24) angelegten Elektroden (17, 23; 17, 30, 31) versehen ist.Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a crystallization container (14) is provided with an inlet (17) for the melt and an inlet (20) for alloy in powder form, which has a heating device (26) and which is provided in the region of its base and its inlet with electrodes (17, 23; 17, 30, 31) applied to a voltage source (24). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kristallisationsbehälter (14) an Mittel (19) zum Erzeugen von Unterdruck angeschlossen ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the crystallization container (14) is connected to means (19) for generating negative pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kristallisationsbehälter (14) mit Mitteln (27) zum Erzeugen eines in seinem Inneren wirksamen Magnetfeldes versehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the crystallization container (14) is provided with means (27) for generating an effective magnetic field in its interior. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kristallisationsbehälter (14) über eine Leitung (13) mit einem Ofen (10) verbunden ist, die mit einem Zuführanschluss (29) für Schutzgas versehen ist.Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the crystallization container (14) is connected via a line (13) to an oven (10) which is provided with a supply connection (29) for protective gas.
EP03003899A 2002-03-13 2003-02-21 Process and device for treating an alloy melt before a casting operation Expired - Lifetime EP1344589B1 (en)

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DE10212349A DE10212349C1 (en) 2002-03-13 2002-03-13 Production of an alloy melt for casting comprises placing the melt having a temperature lying above the liquidus temperature of the alloy in a crystallization vessel, adding an alloy as a powder, and mixing the melt and powder

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JP6171216B2 (en) * 2013-05-09 2017-08-02 東芝機械株式会社 Semi-solid metal production apparatus, semi-solid metal production method, and molding method using semi-solid metal
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US6988529B2 (en) 2006-01-24
EP1344589B1 (en) 2008-06-04
ES2307838T3 (en) 2008-12-01
ATE397503T1 (en) 2008-06-15
NO20031112D0 (en) 2003-03-11
NO20031112L (en) 2003-09-15
AU2003200990B2 (en) 2008-05-22
CA2420931A1 (en) 2003-09-13
CA2420931C (en) 2011-05-03
US20040003912A1 (en) 2004-01-08
DK1344589T3 (en) 2008-10-13
JP4541650B2 (en) 2010-09-08
CN1443615A (en) 2003-09-24
AU2003200990A1 (en) 2003-10-02
MXPA03002089A (en) 2004-08-11
JP2004025302A (en) 2004-01-29
DE10212349C1 (en) 2003-08-28
BR0300491B1 (en) 2012-02-07
PT1344589E (en) 2008-08-13
EP1344589A3 (en) 2005-05-18
SI1344589T1 (en) 2008-10-31
DE50309939D1 (en) 2008-07-17
CN1275725C (en) 2006-09-20
KR100995490B1 (en) 2010-11-19
BR0300491A (en) 2004-08-17

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