EP1344004A1 - Dispositif d'humidification et de deshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air - Google Patents

Dispositif d'humidification et de deshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air

Info

Publication number
EP1344004A1
EP1344004A1 EP01998775A EP01998775A EP1344004A1 EP 1344004 A1 EP1344004 A1 EP 1344004A1 EP 01998775 A EP01998775 A EP 01998775A EP 01998775 A EP01998775 A EP 01998775A EP 1344004 A1 EP1344004 A1 EP 1344004A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
hygroscopic liquid
regenerator
circuit
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01998775A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Hesse
Kurt Rapp
Burkhard Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1344004A1 publication Critical patent/EP1344004A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the continuous humidification and dehumidification of manufacturing processes and ventilation and air conditioning systems.
  • the compressed air used as supply air for manufacturing processes or ventilation and air conditioning systems is usually dried via a fixed bed adsorption or gas permeation.
  • dehumidification is carried out using absorption processes.
  • Absorption columns are used here, which are mainly used with hygroscopic glycol solutions, e.g. Polyethylene glycol or triethylene glycol can be operated as the absorber medium, in special applications solutions made of lithium chloride (Kathabar process) or other inorganic acid mixtures are used as the absorber medium. Due to the aseptic effect of the saline solution, these media are preferred for air conditioning in hygienically sensitive areas (e.g. hospital, pharmaceutical industry, food industry). In applications, low dew points as the target and high volume flows are often characteristic.
  • thermal treatment - cooling and condensation - is the most common technique for setting the desired air humidity.
  • the heat released during cooling and condensation is dissipated via a cooling process.
  • the cooled and dehumidified air often has to be warmed up to the desired supply air temperature.
  • the formation of free water on the surface of the heat exchanger is disadvantageous. It can cause serious fouling problems in air conditioning systems. With an increased degree of closure of the air circuit, these problems are exacerbated.
  • dehumidification with absorbers is advantageous in terms of energy saving and microbiological contamination.
  • absorber columns A major disadvantage of using absorber columns, however, is the narrow working area in which they can be operated safely and efficiently. For example, it must be ensured that the air is in constant contact with the absorber medium over the entire exchange surface. Short-circuit currents must also be avoided. In addition, liquid droplets must be prevented from being discharged from the column and entering the production area with the supply air.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for the continuous humidification and dehumidification of the supply air from manufacturing processes or ventilation and air conditioning systems, with which switching between humidification and dehumidification is possible with low energy consumption and a compact design.
  • the device comprises the following components:
  • a membrane contactor with a membrane wherein the supply air can be guided along one side of the membrane and a hygroscopic liquid can be guided along the other side of the membrane;
  • a control device connected to the metering device and the regenerator for controlling the water content of the hygroscopic liquid, so that, depending on the partial pressure difference of the water vapor between the supply air and the hygroscopic liquid, it can be switched between humidification and dehumidification of the supply air.
  • Continuous humidification and dehumidification of the supply air can be achieved by means of the membrane contactor, which is in flow connection with the regenerator.
  • the temperature and the water content of the hygroscopic liquid can be set via the control device. If the partial pressure of the water in the hygroscopic liquid is higher than that in the supply air, water is discharged from the hygroscopic liquid and thus to humidify the supply air. On the other hand, if the partial pressure of the water in the hygroscopic liquid is lower than that in the supply air, the supply air is dehumidified.
  • a control device for temperature and humidity control of the hygroscopic liquid can thus be used to switch between humidification and dehumidification of the supply air.
  • the regenerator can be switched off, since no regeneration of the hygroscopic liquid is required. A low energy consumption of the device according to the invention is thus achieved.
  • the membrane contactor, the metering device for adding water and the regenerator are connected in a circuit for the hygroscopic liquid.
  • a heat exchanger is advantageously connected to the circuit through which the hygroscopic liquid is passed.
  • the 15 heat exchanger can temper the hygroscopic liquid.
  • the heat exchanger cools the hygroscopic liquid supplied to the membrane contactor and in parallel heats up the hygroscopic liquid supplied to the regenerator.
  • the hygroscopic liquid is advantageously conveyed within a circuit by means of a pump through the device according to the invention.
  • two circuits for the hygroscopic liquid are available.
  • the membrane contactor and the metering device for adding water are connected to the first circuit.
  • the regenerator is connected to the second circuit.
  • the first circuit there is at least one supply line with which a partial flow from the hygroscopic liquid can be branched off from the first circuit and fed to the second circuit.
  • there is at least one additional supply line in the second circuit with which one from the second circuit Partial stream can be branched off from the hygroscopic liquid and fed to the first circuit. Part of the hygroscopic liquid can thus be passed from one circuit to the other circuit through these supply lines.
  • feed lines are advantageously routed through a heat exchanger.
  • This heat exchanger heats up the partial stream of the hygroscopic liquid which is led into the second circuit. At the same time, the heat exchanger cools the partial stream of the hygroscopic liquid that is led into the first circuit.
  • a further heat exchanger for temperature control of the hygroscopic liquid is expediently connected upstream of the membrane contactor and / or upstream of the regenerator.
  • the membrane contactor is advantageous with a microporous (pore size 0.1 ⁇ m - 0.2 ⁇ m) hydrophobic membrane, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl difluoride or polysulfone.
  • a microporous hydrophobic membrane e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl difluoride or polysulfone.
  • the pores of the membrane are not wetted by the hygroscopic liquid and remain largely air-filled. Due to the much faster diffusion in air-filled pores, there is less transport resistance for hydrophobic membrane materials than for hydrophilic ones.
  • the membrane inside the membrane contactor defines a controlled exchange surface between the hygroscopic liquid and the supply air to be conditioned. This prevents a phase dispersion of the hygroscopic liquid and the supply air, which enables phase separation without the effect of gravity.
  • the membrane within the membrane contactor is advantageously designed as a hollow fiber and the hygroscopic liquid flows through it. This achieves a high specific volume-related exchange area, in particular from 100 m 2 / m 3 to 500 m 2 / m 3 . Furthermore, a compact design can be realized by designing the membrane as a hollow fiber.
  • the hygroscopic liquid is advantageously a highly concentrated aqueous solution of polyhydric alcohols, for example ethylene glycol or glycerol, or a highly concentrated aqueous salt solution of biocidal hygroscopic salts, for example lithium chloride or cathene. This prevents pathogenic germs from getting into the supply air of the manufacturing process or the ventilation system during humidification or dehumidification.
  • the membrane contactor in ventilation ducts for the supply air of manufacturing processes or ventilation and air conditioning systems, in particular painting systems, can comprise a large number of hollow fibers.
  • the hollow fibers are arranged within the ventilation duct in such a way that the flow in the ventilation duct hits the hollow fibers at an angle of less than 90 °, in particular between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • the supply air flows through a large area of the hollow fibers. This significantly reduces the pressure loss in the flow in the ventilation duct.
  • the hollow fibers essentially cover the entire cross section of the ventilation duct.
  • the hollow fibers can expediently be combined into hollow fiber modules, which results in easy handling.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be used in ventilation ducts of e.g. Paint shops, hospitals, production rooms in the pharmaceutical or food industry are used.
  • Fig. '1 a first embodiment of an apparatus for humidification and dehumidification with a circuit for the hygroscopic liquid
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive device for humidification and dehumidification with two circuits for hygroscopic
  • FIG. 3 shows the flow conditions in a membrane contactor designed as a hollow fiber module in a cross-flow arrangement
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is integrated in a ventilation duct,
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram to illustrate the energy saving of the membrane absorption in comparison to the condensation for an exemplary application of the device according to the invention in a painting process.
  • 1 shows the device according to the invention for humidifying and dehumidifying supply air in a first exemplary embodiment, the membrane contactor 1 and the regenerator 7 being connected in a common circuit.
  • the regenerator 7 can be designed, for example, as a membrane contactor, a packed column, an evaporator or as a desorber.
  • the supply air to be conditioned is contacted with the hygroscopic liquid.
  • the supply air e.g. Fresh air or recirculated air, guided by a blower through the membrane contactor 1 over a membrane side.
  • the supply air and the hygroscopic liquid are separated by the membrane.
  • a blower 14 finally transports the conditioned supply air from the membrane contactor 1.
  • a buffer tank 3 for storing and storing the hygroscopic liquid is connected downstream of the membrane contactor 1.
  • a pump 4 transports the hygroscopic liquid from the buffer tank 3 through an internal heat exchanger 5 and a heater 6 to the regenerator 7.
  • the internal heat exchanger 5 and the heater 6 heat the hygroscopic liquid to the temperature required in the regenerator 7 for regeneration.
  • the heating medium can be e.g. the waste heat from cogeneration plants can be used.
  • the hygroscopic liquid is usually heated to a temperature of approx. 50 ° C - 70 ° C.
  • the heated hygroscopic liquid is in the regenerator 7 in a column, e.g. Packed column, atomized and brought into contact with the regeneration air passed through the regenerator 7 in countercurrent.
  • the regeneration air absorbs the water from the atomized hygroscopic liquid and is transported out of the regenerator 7 as exhaust air by means of a blower 15.
  • the regeneration of the hygroscopic liquid can take place in an evaporator in which the water vapor is expelled from the hygroscopic liquid.
  • This is a viable alternative if inexpensive superheated steam is available due to the specific operating conditions.
  • the hygroscopic liquid concentrated by the regeneration reaches a further buffer tank 9 in the regenerator outlet 8.
  • a pump 10 transports the hygroscopic liquid in the absorber feed 11 from the buffer tank 9 through the internal heat exchanger 5 and a further heat exchanger 12 into the membrane contactor 1, thereby closing the circuit becomes.
  • water is added to the hygroscopic liquid.
  • a metering device 22 is provided, which metered water into the buffer tank 9.
  • the water can only be metered into the buffer tank 3 or alternatively into both buffer tanks 3, 9.
  • the water it is also possible for the water to be fed directly into the circuit instead of into a buffer tank.
  • the heat exchanger 12 and the internal heat exchanger 5 serve as cooling or heating; in the case of humidification of the supply air, the hygroscopic liquid in the internal heat exchanger 5 is preheated and heated in the heat exchanger 12 to the corresponding inlet temperature in the membrane contactor 1. In the case of dehumidification, the internal heat exchanger 5 cools the hygroscopic liquid and the heat exchanger 12 upstream of the membrane contactor 1 cools the hygroscopic liquid to the corresponding inlet temperature in the membrane contactor 1.
  • a corresponding inlet temperature in the membrane contactor 1 is to be understood as the temperature at which a partial pressure difference for the water content is established in the supply air and the hygroscopic liquid such that, depending on the application, humidification or defrosting of the supply air is possible.
  • the heat exchanger 12 can be operated in an energy-optimized manner, for example with cooling tower water, surface water or well water. This variant of the method for online regeneration is particularly advantageous when the fresh air or circulating air supplied to the membrane contactor 1 is loaded with high moisture.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a process structure of the inventive device for humidifying and dehumidifying supply air, the membrane contactor 1 and the regenerator 7 being connected in two separate circuits, an absorber circuit 16 and a regenerator circuit 17.
  • the two separate circuits are connected to one another by an internal heat exchanger 5.
  • the air to be conditioned e.g. Fresh air or recirculated air is passed through the membrane contactor 1 as described in the first embodiment.
  • the hygroscopic liquid is pumped in the absorber circuit 16 by means of a pump 4 through the membrane contactor 1.
  • a buffer tank 3 and a heat exchanger 12 are connected downstream of the membrane contactor 1.
  • the hygroscopic liquid When the device for dehumidification according to the invention is in operation, the hygroscopic liquid must be regenerated.
  • a line 18 is present in the absorber circuit 16, which conducts a partial flow of the hygroscopic liquid from the absorber circuit 16 through an internal heat exchanger 5 into the buffer tank 9 of the regenerator circuit 17.
  • a further line 19 which leads a partial flow of the regenerated hygroscopic liquid from the regenerator circuit 17 through the internal heat exchanger 5 into the buffer tank 3 of the absorber circuit 16.
  • the internal heat exchanger 5 serves on the one hand to preheat the hygroscopic liquid supplied to the regenerator circuit 17. On the other hand, the heat exchanger 5 the hygroscopic liquid which is passed from the regenerator circuit 17 in the absorber circuit 16.
  • a pump 10 transports the hygroscopic liquid from the buffer tank 9 through a heater 6 into the regenerator 7.
  • the hygroscopic liquid is atomized, as described in FIG. 1.
  • the concentrated hygroscopic liquid then flows into the buffer tank 9, whereby the regenerator circuit 17 is closed.
  • the liquid-laden regeneration air is discharged from the regenerator 7 as exhaust air by means of a fan 15.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of the flow conditions in a membrane contact designed as a hollow fiber module in cross-flow.
  • the hollow fiber module is characterized in that the microporous hydrophobic membrane is designed as a hollow fiber.
  • a multitude of individual hollow fibers are thus combined in a hollow fiber module, the hollow fibers being traversed by the hygroscopic liquid on the lumen side (inside the hollow fiber).
  • the air to be conditioned is led past the outside of the membrane. In the cross-flow guide shown, the air to be conditioned hits the hollow fibers perpendicularly.
  • the membrane contactor 1 areally fills the entire Q uer4.000 of the ventilation duct 20 from.
  • the membrane contactor 1 comprises a plurality of individual hollow fiber modules 21, which comprise a plurality of hollow fibers. These hollow fiber modules 21 are in turn connected to one another, so that the hygroscopic liquid in the hollow fibers is distributed over the entire cross section of the ventilation duct 20.
  • the hollow fiber modules 21 in the ventilation duct 20 are arranged in a fluidically favorable manner.
  • the flow in the ventilation duct 20 impinges on the hollow fiber modules 21 at an angle of less than 90 °, in particular between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • this arrangement ensures a larger flow area. On the one hand, this allows a better exchange between the supply air and the hygroscopic liquid. On the other hand, this arrangement reduces the pressure loss of the flow when flowing through the hollow fiber modules 21.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in conditioning the supply air in a painting process in vehicle construction. It is necessary to adhere to a specified paint shop window with regard to temperature and relative air humidity. The consequence of this is that the outside air supplied to the process is heated and humidified in winter operation, but must be cooled and dehumidified in summer conditions. This process can be carried out by means of the dehumidification shown above by membrane absorption in combination with air temperature control.
  • FIG. 5 shows the process of dehumidification by means of condensation and the process of dehumidification by means of membrane absorption for a specific outside air condition A and a predetermined target value Z of the supply air in the Mollier-hx diagram.
  • Condition A and target value Z are given in the Mollier-hx diagram for a certain temperature with appropriate humidity.
  • h indicates the enthalpy in kJ per kg of dry air and x the water content in g per kg of dry air.
  • ⁇ indicates the relative humidity of the air in percent.
  • the enthalpy difference ⁇ h Kond » 5 between the enthalpy of the outside air and the enthalpy when the temperature falls below the dew point is thus 21.6 kJ / kg.
  • the required air volume L this results in an energy of 900.0 kW, which is required to dehumidify the outside air to the specified target value Z, the supply air, by means of condensation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'humidification et de déshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air. Selon l'invention, ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un contacteur (1) à membrane, l'air fourni pouvant être acheminé le long d'un côté de la membrane et un fluide hygroscopique pouvant être acheminé le long de l'autre côté de la membrane. Par ailleurs, on utilise un dispositif de dosage (22) d'addition d'eau pour augmenter la teneur en eau du fluide hygroscopique et un régénérateur (7) pour réduire la teneur en eau du fluide hygroscopique. Un dispositif de régulation relié au dispositif de dosage (22) et au régénérateur (7) régule la teneur en eau du fluide hygroscopique de façon à pouvoir passer, en fonction de la différence de pression partielle de la vapeur d'eau entre l'air fourni et le fluide hygroscopique, d'une humidification à une déshumidification de l'air fourni.
EP01998775A 2000-12-01 2001-11-21 Dispositif d'humidification et de deshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air Withdrawn EP1344004A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10059910 2000-12-01
DE10059910A DE10059910C2 (de) 2000-12-01 2000-12-01 Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Befeuchtung und Entfeuchtung der Zuluft von Fertigungsprozessen oder Raumlufttechnik-Anlagen
PCT/DE2001/004397 WO2002044624A1 (fr) 2000-12-01 2001-11-21 Dispositif d'humidification et de deshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1344004A1 true EP1344004A1 (fr) 2003-09-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01998775A Withdrawn EP1344004A1 (fr) 2000-12-01 2001-11-21 Dispositif d'humidification et de deshumidification en continu de l'air fourni dans des processus de fabrication et des installations de conditionnement de l'air

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6887303B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1344004A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10059910C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002044624A1 (fr)

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DE10059910A1 (de) 2002-06-20
US6887303B2 (en) 2005-05-03
US20040099140A1 (en) 2004-05-27
DE10059910C2 (de) 2003-01-16
WO2002044624A1 (fr) 2002-06-06

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