EP1335805A1 - Method for making a vehicle wheel rim - Google Patents

Method for making a vehicle wheel rim

Info

Publication number
EP1335805A1
EP1335805A1 EP01980534A EP01980534A EP1335805A1 EP 1335805 A1 EP1335805 A1 EP 1335805A1 EP 01980534 A EP01980534 A EP 01980534A EP 01980534 A EP01980534 A EP 01980534A EP 1335805 A1 EP1335805 A1 EP 1335805A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ferrule
rim
thickness
shell
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01980534A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1335805B1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Guimard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Original Assignee
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS filed Critical Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Publication of EP1335805A1 publication Critical patent/EP1335805A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1335805B1 publication Critical patent/EP1335805B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B21D53/30—Making other particular articles wheels or the like wheel rims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
    • Y10T29/49524—Rim making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
    • Y10T29/49524—Rim making
    • Y10T29/49531—Roller forming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vehicle wheels and in particular an improved method for producing a wheel rim.
  • US Patent 5,579,578 discloses a method for producing a wheel rim for a vehicle comprising the following operations:
  • the operations of fluotoumage of the ferrule of a wheel rim are however likely to produce ferrules whose axial width can vary around their circumference.
  • These variations and faults can cause instabilities during the following operations of rolling the ferrule, they can also make it more difficult, locally, to hook the wheel balancing masses.
  • the invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing a wheel rim which significantly reduces the dispersion of manufacturing wheel rims. This process also makes it possible to obtain wheels of reduced weight.
  • the method of manufacturing a sheet metal rim of a wheel for a vehicle according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • a cut is made normal to the axis of the ferrule at least one lateral edge of the ferrule; - the ferrule is profiled to obtain the rim; and
  • the normal cutting operation at the axis of the ferrule of at least one lateral edge of the ferrule after the cylindrical flow forming operation has the advantage of eliminating all or part of the excess thickness of the two ends of the completed rim, this reduces the final weight of the rim. It should be noted that the reduction in thickness during a flow forming operation cannot be applied to the two lateral edges of the shell. This thickness is therefore necessarily identical to the thickness of the starting metal blank. This operation also makes it possible to guarantee that the edge of the ferrule is flat and that this plane is orthogonal to the axis of this same ferrule.
  • the cutting operation can be carried out on the interior side of the rim (that is to say on the side intended to be disposed towards the interior of the vehicle). This has the advantage of reducing the thickness of the inner hook of the rim, which is less exposed than the outer hook to impact.
  • the cutting operation can also relate to the two lateral edges of the shell. The advantage is then to maximize the reduction in weight of the rim and to obtain an excellent flatness of the lateral edges of the ferrule as well as a remarkable regularity of the axial width of the ferrule.
  • the cutting plane of an edge of the ferrule is defined by taking as a reference a point characteristic of the profile of the ferrule after the operation.
  • This characteristic point can in particular be a transition point between an area of constant thickness and an area of variable thickness.
  • FIG. 1 is a section of a conventional wheel with assembly under the mounting groove
  • FIG. 2 shows the different steps of a method of producing a wheel according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically a first type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations
  • - Figure 7 shows schematically a second type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations
  • - Figure 8 shows schematically a third type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations
  • FIG. 9 shows schematically a detail of a first ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotou age operations and the ' rim part resulting therefrom after profiling;
  • FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a detail of a second ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotoumage operations and the resulting rim part after profiling
  • FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a detail of a third ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotoumage operations and the resulting rim part after profiling.
  • Figure 1 a partial section of a conventional steel sheet wheel.
  • This wheel 1 comprises a rim 2 and a disc 3.
  • This figure illustrates the median plane of the wheel or plane P.
  • This plane is disposed at equal distance from the two hooks of the rim.
  • the axially interior and exterior positions are defined by taking as a reference the median plane P.
  • the rim has an external hook 4, an external seat 5, a safety boss or “hump” 6, a mounting groove 7, an internal seat 9 and an internal hook 10.
  • the disc 3 comprises a hub bearing 11, a zone transition 12 and an assembly edge 13. The assembly is carried out by fitting under the mounting groove 7.
  • This figure also shows the axis of rotation A of the wheel.
  • FIG. 2 A method of producing the rims of the wheels according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a blank of metal sheet (not shown) of steel, aluminum or alloys, is bent to give it a shape generally ferrule cylindrical 14 with two free edges.
  • the shell 14 is welded by a spark welding, resistance or other process.
  • This ferrule 14 has a constant thickness ( Figure 3).
  • the ferrule 14 is then preferably calibrated in extension using a calibration tool shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4.
  • the expansion is obtained by the displacement of a cam 15 which separates sectors 16 around which is installed the ferrule 14.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the next step which consists in obtaining, by cylindrical flow forming, the flat profile sought for the rims according to the invention.
  • the fluotoumage process used is reverse fluotoumage.
  • the ferrule 14 is mounted on a mandrel 17 and bears against a wall of the system 18 for blocking the ferrule 14.
  • the mandrel 17 is then rotated and at least two knurls 19 come to roll on the radially outer surface of the ferrule 14 in areas whose thickness must be reduced.
  • the rollers 19 are moved axially in the direction of the axis X by applying a radial and tangential force so that the flow of material flows in the direction of Y. This material flow takes place in the opposite direction movement of the knurls 19.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the ferrule 20 of variable profile obtained.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a first defect likely to be presented by the shell 20 after the fluotoumage operations.
  • This defect corresponds' to local variations in axial width of the ring 20. These changes are particularly observed driving side of the wheels.
  • the edge 24 is not perfectly cylindrical but has local variations in axial position. These variations are automatically reflected in the rim profile. It is thus possible to have variations in the profile of the edge of the hooks which can make it difficult locally to place or fix the balancing weights. Carrying out an operation of cutting the two edges of the ferrule after the flow-forming operations makes it possible to guarantee a constant width of the ferrule at all points thereof.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a second defect which can be observed: a defect of perpendicularity between the plane defined by the edge 24 of the ferrule 20 and that defined by the axis of the ferrule 20.
  • the angle ⁇ between these two planes can reach 1 to 2 degrees.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a third fault.
  • a partial profile of two ferrules 25 and 26 are substantially identical except for the length of the non-fluotoumée zones on the side abutting against the mandrel (on the left side of the figure).
  • These zones 27 for the shell 25 and 28 for the shell 26 differ by a length d. This difference is due to a variation in thickness of the starting blank between the two ferrules.
  • the ferrule 26 has a starting blank whose thickness is greater than that of the ferrule 25.
  • the profile of the two ferrules after flow forming is substantially identical since the relative displacement of the rollers is linked to the axial increase of the fluotoumées zones.
  • the effectively flow-turned area is axially smaller for a ferrule of greater thickness.
  • a variation in thickness of 0.05 mm can cause a variation in axial width of the non-flow-turned area on the abutment side of 5 mm.
  • This problem is resolved by taking as a reference a characteristic point R of the profile of the shell after the flow-forming operations to define the position of the planes Di and D 2 for cutting the edges of the shell.
  • This point R is advantageously taken adjacent to a zone of variable thickness and a zone of fixed thickness as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • a profile control system is used to determine the position of the cutting plane or two cutting planes as appropriate. It should be noted that it is not possible to take as a reference the edge of the ferrule on the attack side of the rollers because it is this edge which is most sensitive to variations and undulations as has already been indicated.
  • FIG. 9 (a) schematically illustrates the profile of one of the ends of the shell 20 after the fluotoumage operation.
  • This profile comprises an outer non-flow-turned area 21 of axial width L m i n j and of thickness e corresponding to the thickness of the starting blank, a transition area 22 in which the thickness gradually decreases and an area 23 of thickness and reduced.
  • Figure 9 (b) shows the profile of the outer edge of the resulting rim after the rolling profiling operations.
  • the first zone 21 corresponds to the rim 31 of the rim hook 4, the zone of reduced thickness 23 at the seat 5 of the rim and at the start 29 of the hook and the transition zone 22 to the intermediate zone 30.
  • the hook 4 of the rim thus has three adjacent zones: the zone 29 of reduced thickness identical to that of the seat 5, the transition zone 30 whose thickness gradually increases and the zone 31 of thickness e identical to that of the blank of departure.
  • the hook 4 of Figure 9 (b) thus has an extra thickness which may or may not be necessary depending on the type of wheel concerned.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show two forms of hooks resulting from two different cutting operations.
  • the cutting plane D is located axially at a distance L from the junction point between the non-flow-turned zone 21 of thickness e and the transition zone 22 of variable thickness between e and ei.
  • the hook 4 has, after the cutting operation, a reduced area 32 of thickness e.
  • the rim thus has a reduced weight.
  • the cutting plane is located in the zone 23, which has undergone a fluotou age to reduce its thickness from e to ei.
  • the hook resulting from the profiling operations therefore has an identical thickness over its entire length.
  • the weight reduction is then maximum. It should be noted that to improve the clarity of FIGS. 9 to 11, their scale in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the ferrule is five times greater than the scale in the direction of the axis of the ferrule.
  • the cutting of the edge of the ferrule can be carried out by any suitable process, in particular turning or cutting with a wheel.
  • the rims thus obtained are calibrated and then the casing is made with suitable discs.
  • Figure 2 includes a step of machining the casing area of the rim. This step is optional. The purpose of this step is to perfect the cylindrical geometry of the fitting zone in the case of a sensitive assembly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Testing Of Balance (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)

Abstract

A method of making a rim of sheet metal for a vehicle wheel, in which: a rectangular geometric shape is cut out of a blank of sheet metal; the blank is bent to obtain a cylindrical hoop; the two free edges of the hoop are welded together; at least one cylindrical flow spinning operation is performed to obtain a profile of given thickness of the hoop, zones of constant thickness being adjacent to zones of variable thickness; a cut is made perpendicular to the axis of the hoop out of at least one lateral edge of the hoop; the hoop is profiled to obtain the rim; and the size of the said rim is set.

Description

Procédé de fabrication d'une jante de roue de véhicule Method of manufacturing a vehicle wheel rim
L'invention concerne les roues de véhicules et notamment un procédé perfectionné pour réaliser une jante de roue.The invention relates to vehicle wheels and in particular an improved method for producing a wheel rim.
Le brevet US 5 579 578 divulgue un procédé de réalisation d'une jante de roue pour véhicule comportant les opérations suivantes :US Patent 5,579,578 discloses a method for producing a wheel rim for a vehicle comprising the following operations:
- découper un flan en tôle métallique pour obtenir une géométrie rectangulaire ;- cut a sheet of metal sheet to obtain a rectangular geometry;
- cintrer le flan pour obtenir une virole cylindrique ; - souder ensemble les deux bords libres de la virole ;- bend the blank to obtain a cylindrical shell; - weld together the two free edges of the ferrule;
- calibrer la virole à un diamètre donné ;- calibrate the shell to a given diameter;
- effectuer une opération de fluotoumage cylindrique de la virole pour obtenir un profil de la virole comportant deux extrémités axiales et une zone intermédiaire d'épaisseur réduite ; - effectuer un profilage de la virole par une série d'opérations de roulage pour obtenir la jante ; et- Perform a cylindrical flow forming operation of the shell to obtain a profile of the shell having two axial ends and an intermediate zone of reduced thickness; - perform a profiling of the shell by a series of rolling operations to obtain the rim; and
- calibrer ladite jante.- calibrate said rim.
Ce brevet indique que réaliser les opérations de fluotoumage avant celles de profilage par roulage permet d'obtenir une jante de roue avec de bonnes tolérances de fabrication.This patent indicates that carrying out the flow forming operations before those of rolling profiling makes it possible to obtain a wheel rim with good manufacturing tolerances.
Les opérations de fluotoumage de la virole d'une jante de roue sont cependant susceptibles de produire des viroles dont la largeur axiale peut varier sur leur circonférence. On peut aussi observer des défauts de perpendicularité entre le plan défini par le bord de la virole et celui défini par l'axe de la virole. Ces variations et défauts peuvent provoquer des instabilités lors des opérations suivantes de roulage de la virole, elles peuvent aussi rendre plus difficile, localement, l'accrochage des masses d'équilibrage des roues. L'invention a pour objet un procédé perfectionné de fabrication d'une jante de roue qui diminue sensiblement la dispersion de fabrication des jantes de roues. Ce procédé permet aussi d'obtenir des roues de poids réduit.The operations of fluotoumage of the ferrule of a wheel rim are however likely to produce ferrules whose axial width can vary around their circumference. One can also observe defects of perpendicularity between the plane defined by the edge of the ferrule and that defined by the axis of the ferrule. These variations and faults can cause instabilities during the following operations of rolling the ferrule, they can also make it more difficult, locally, to hook the wheel balancing masses. The invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing a wheel rim which significantly reduces the dispersion of manufacturing wheel rims. This process also makes it possible to obtain wheels of reduced weight.
Le procédé de fabrication d'une jante en tôle métallique d'une roue pour véhicule selon l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes :The method of manufacturing a sheet metal rim of a wheel for a vehicle according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- on découpe un flan en tôle métallique pour obtenir une géométrie rectangulaire ;- a sheet metal blank is cut to obtain a rectangular geometry;
- on cintre le flan pour obtenir une virole cylindrique ;- the blank is bent to obtain a cylindrical shell;
- on soude ensemble les deux bords libres de la virole ; - on effectue au moins une opération de fluotoumage cylindrique pour obtenir un profil donné d'épaisseur de la virole comportant des zones d'épaisseur constante adjacentes à des zones d'épaisseur variable ;- The two free edges of the ferrule are welded together; - At least one cylindrical flow forming operation is carried out to obtain a given profile of thickness of the ferrule comprising zones of constant thickness adjacent to zones of variable thickness;
- on effectue une découpe normale à l'axe de la virole d'au moins un bord latéral de la virole ; - on effectue un profilage de la virole pour obtenir la jante ; et- A cut is made normal to the axis of the ferrule at least one lateral edge of the ferrule; - the ferrule is profiled to obtain the rim; and
- on calibre ladite jante.- We calibrate said rim.
L'opération de découpe normale à l'axe de la virole d'au moins un bord latéral de la virole après l'opération de fluotoumage cylindrique a l'avantage de supprimer en tout ou partie la surépaisseur des deux extrémités de la jante terminée, cela réduit le poids final de la jante. Il est à noter que la réduction d'épaisseur lors d'une opération de fluotoumage ne peut pas s'appliquer aux deux bords latéraux de la virole. Cette épaisseur est donc nécessairement identique à l'épaisseur du flan métallique de départ. Cette opération permet aussi de garantir que le bord de la virole est bien plan et que ce plan est orthogonal à l'axe de cette même virole.The normal cutting operation at the axis of the ferrule of at least one lateral edge of the ferrule after the cylindrical flow forming operation has the advantage of eliminating all or part of the excess thickness of the two ends of the completed rim, this reduces the final weight of the rim. It should be noted that the reduction in thickness during a flow forming operation cannot be applied to the two lateral edges of the shell. This thickness is therefore necessarily identical to the thickness of the starting metal blank. This operation also makes it possible to guarantee that the edge of the ferrule is flat and that this plane is orthogonal to the axis of this same ferrule.
L'opération de découpe peut être effectuée du côté intérieur de la jante (c'est-à-dire du côté destiné à être disposé vers l'intérieur du véhicule). Cela a l'avantage de réduire l'épaisseur du crochet intérieur de la jante, crochet qui est moins exposé que le crochet extérieur à des chocs. L'opération de découpe peut aussi concerner les deux bords latéraux de la virole. L'avantage est alors de maximiser la réduction de poids de la jante et d'obtenir une excellente planéité des bords latéraux de la virole ainsi qu'une remarquable régularité de la largeur axiale de la virole.The cutting operation can be carried out on the interior side of the rim (that is to say on the side intended to be disposed towards the interior of the vehicle). This has the advantage of reducing the thickness of the inner hook of the rim, which is less exposed than the outer hook to impact. The cutting operation can also relate to the two lateral edges of the shell. The advantage is then to maximize the reduction in weight of the rim and to obtain an excellent flatness of the lateral edges of the ferrule as well as a remarkable regularity of the axial width of the ferrule.
On peut découper seulement une partie de la zone non fluotournée en bord de virole, dans ce cas on obtient tous les avantages liés à la qualité géométrique de la virole obtenue mais la réduction de poids est limitée.We can cut out only part of the non-flow-turned area at the edge of the shell, in this case we obtain all the advantages linked to the geometric quality of the shell obtained but the reduction in weight is limited.
On peut aussi découper au moins une partie de la zone fluotournée en bord de virole. La jante finale va alors avoir un gain de poids particulièrement sensible.It is also possible to cut out at least part of the flow-turned zone at the edge of the shell. The final rim will then have a particularly noticeable weight gain.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, on définit le plan de découpe d'un bord de la virole en prenant comme référence un point caractéristique du profil de la virole après l'opération .de fluotoumage. Ce point caractéristique peut notamment être un point de transition entre une zone d'épaisseur constante et une zone d'épaisseur variable.According to an advantageous embodiment, the cutting plane of an edge of the ferrule is defined by taking as a reference a point characteristic of the profile of the ferrule after the operation. This characteristic point can in particular be a transition point between an area of constant thickness and an area of variable thickness.
On peut ainsi ajuster la position des zones de transition entre zones fiuotournées et le bord de la virole. Cela' améliore le respect des tolérances des cotes de la jante finale.It is thus possible to adjust the position of the transition zones between fiuotournées zones and the edge of the shell. This' improves the tolerances for dimensions of the final rim.
Plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention. sont maintenant décrits à l'aide du dessin annexé dans lequel :Several embodiments of the invention. are now described with the aid of the appended drawing in which:
- la figure 1 est une coupe d'une roue usuelle avec assemblage sous la gorge de montage ;- Figure 1 is a section of a conventional wheel with assembly under the mounting groove;
- la figure 2 présente les différentes étapes d'un procédé de réalisation d'une roue selon l'invention ;- Figure 2 shows the different steps of a method of producing a wheel according to the invention;
- les figures 3, 4 et 5 illustrent schématiquement différentes étapes du procédé de réalisation d'une jante selon l'invention ;- Figures 3, 4 and 5 schematically illustrate different steps of the method of producing a rim according to the invention;
- la figure 6 présente schématiquement un premier type de défaut rencontré après les opérations de fluotoumage ; - la figure 7 présente schématiquement un second type de défaut rencontré après les opérations de fluotoumage ; - la figure 8 présente schématiquement un troisième type de défaut rencontré après les opérations de fluotoumage ;- Figure 6 shows schematically a first type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations; - Figure 7 shows schematically a second type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations; - Figure 8 shows schematically a third type of defect encountered after the flow forming operations;
- la figure 9 présente schématiquement un détail d'une première virole correspondant au crochet de jante après les opérations de fluotou age ainsi que la' partie de jante en résultant après profilage ;- Figure 9 shows schematically a detail of a first ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotou age operations and the ' rim part resulting therefrom after profiling;
- la figure 10 illustre schématiquement un détail d'une seconde virole correspondant au crochet de jante après les opérations de fluotoumage ainsi que la partie de jante en résultant après profilage ;- Figure 10 schematically illustrates a detail of a second ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotoumage operations and the resulting rim part after profiling;
- la figure 11 illustre schématiquement un détail d'une troisième virole correspondant au crochet de jante après les opérations de fluotoumage ainsi que la partie de jante en résultant après profilage.- Figure 11 schematically illustrates a detail of a third ferrule corresponding to the rim hook after the fluotoumage operations and the resulting rim part after profiling.
A la figure 1 est présentée une coupe partielle d'une roue usuelle en tôle d'acier. Cette roue 1 comprend une jante 2 et un disque 3. Cette figure illustre le plan médian de la roue ou plan P. Ce plan est disposé à égale distance des deux crochets de la jante. Les positions axialement intérieures et extérieures sont définies en prenant comme référence le plan médian P.In Figure 1 is shown a partial section of a conventional steel sheet wheel. This wheel 1 comprises a rim 2 and a disc 3. This figure illustrates the median plane of the wheel or plane P. This plane is disposed at equal distance from the two hooks of the rim. The axially interior and exterior positions are defined by taking as a reference the median plane P.
La jante présente un crochet extérieur 4, un siège extérieur 5, un bossage de sécurité ou " hump " 6, une gorge de montage 7, un siège intérieur 9 et un crochet intérieur 10. Le disque 3 comprend une portée moyeu 11, une zone de transition 12 et un bord d'assemblage 13. L'assemblage est réalisé par emboîtage sous la gorge de montage 7.The rim has an external hook 4, an external seat 5, a safety boss or "hump" 6, a mounting groove 7, an internal seat 9 and an internal hook 10. The disc 3 comprises a hub bearing 11, a zone transition 12 and an assembly edge 13. The assembly is carried out by fitting under the mounting groove 7.
On voit aussi sur cette figure l'axe de rotation A de la roue.This figure also shows the axis of rotation A of the wheel.
Dans ce qui suit, on utilisera les mêmes références pour les parties similaires des roues selon l'invention.In what follows, the same references will be used for similar parts of the wheels according to the invention.
Un procédé de réalisation des jantes des roues selon l'invention est illustré à la figure 2. Initialement, un flan de tôle métallique (non représenté) d'acier, d'aluminium ou d'alliages, est cintré pour lui donner une forme généralement cylindrique de virole 14 avec deux bords libres. Ensuite, la virole 14 est soudée par un procédé de soudure par étincelage, par résistance ou autre. Cette virole 14 a une épaisseur constante (figure 3). La virole 14 est ensuite, de préférence, calibrée en extension à l'aide d'un outil de calibrage schématisé à la figure 4. L'expansion est obtenue par le déplacement d'une came 15 qui écarte des secteurs 16 autour desquels est installée la virole 14. La figure 5 illustre l'étape suivante qui consiste à obtenir par fluotoumage cylindrique le profil à plat recherché pour les jantes selon l'invention. Le procédé de fluotoumage utilisé est le fluotoumage inverse. La virole 14 est montée sur un mandrin 17 et vient en appui contre une paroi du système 18 de blocage de la virole 14. Le mandrin 17 est alors mis en rotation et au moins deux molettes 19 viennent rouler sur la surface radialement extérieure de la virole 14 dans les zones dont l'épaisseur doit être diminuée. Relativement au mandrin 17, les molettes 19 sont déplacées axialement dans la direction de l'axe X en appliquant un effort radial et tangentiel de telle sorte que le flux de matière flue en direction de Y. Ce fluage de matière s'effectue en sens inverse du déplacement des molettes 19. La figure 5 illustre schématiquement la virole 20 de profil variable obtenue.A method of producing the rims of the wheels according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. Initially, a blank of metal sheet (not shown) of steel, aluminum or alloys, is bent to give it a shape generally ferrule cylindrical 14 with two free edges. Then, the shell 14 is welded by a spark welding, resistance or other process. This ferrule 14 has a constant thickness (Figure 3). The ferrule 14 is then preferably calibrated in extension using a calibration tool shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4. The expansion is obtained by the displacement of a cam 15 which separates sectors 16 around which is installed the ferrule 14. FIG. 5 illustrates the next step which consists in obtaining, by cylindrical flow forming, the flat profile sought for the rims according to the invention. The fluotoumage process used is reverse fluotoumage. The ferrule 14 is mounted on a mandrel 17 and bears against a wall of the system 18 for blocking the ferrule 14. The mandrel 17 is then rotated and at least two knurls 19 come to roll on the radially outer surface of the ferrule 14 in areas whose thickness must be reduced. Relative to the mandrel 17, the rollers 19 are moved axially in the direction of the axis X by applying a radial and tangential force so that the flow of material flows in the direction of Y. This material flow takes place in the opposite direction movement of the knurls 19. FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the ferrule 20 of variable profile obtained.
Ce procédé de fluotoumage inverse ne permet pas de réduire l'épaisseur de l'intégralité de la virole. En effet, on est contraint de laisser de chaque côté de la virole une zone non fluotournée : du côté d'attaque des molettes, cela risquerait de déstabiliser la virole et d'endommager les molettes ; du côté du dispositif de fixation de la virole faisant butée, il faut laisser une zone de largeur axiale Lmini pour que ce dispositif puisse pincer le bord de la virole et l'entraîner en rotation lors de l'opération de fluotoumage.This reverse flow-forming process does not allow the thickness of the entire ferrule to be reduced. Indeed, we are forced to leave on each side of the ferrule a non-rotatable zone: on the attack side of the rollers, this would risk destabilizing the ferrule and damaging the rollers; on the side of the ferrule fixing device making a stop, it is necessary to leave an axial width zone L m i n i so that this device can pinch the edge of the ferrule and cause it to rotate during the fluotoumage operation.
La figure 6 illustre un premier défaut susceptible d'être présenté par la virole 20 après les opérations de fluotoumage. Ce défaut correspond' à des variations locales de largeur axiale de la virole 20. Ces variations sont particulièrement observées du côté d'attaque des molettes. Le bord 24 n'est pas parfaitement cylindrique mais présente des variations locales de position axiale. Ces variations se répercutent automatiquement sur le profil de la jante. On peut ainsi avoir des variations du profil du rebord des crochets qui peuvent rendre difficile localement la mise en place ou la fixation des masses d'équilibrage. La réalisation d'une opération de découpe des deux bords de la virole après les opérations de fluotoumage permet de garantir une largeur constante de la virole en tout point de celle-ci.FIG. 6 illustrates a first defect likely to be presented by the shell 20 after the fluotoumage operations. This defect corresponds' to local variations in axial width of the ring 20. These changes are particularly observed driving side of the wheels. The edge 24 is not perfectly cylindrical but has local variations in axial position. These variations are automatically reflected in the rim profile. It is thus possible to have variations in the profile of the edge of the hooks which can make it difficult locally to place or fix the balancing weights. Carrying out an operation of cutting the two edges of the ferrule after the flow-forming operations makes it possible to guarantee a constant width of the ferrule at all points thereof.
La figure 7 illustre un second défaut qui peut être observé : un défaut de perpendicularité entre le plan défini par le bord 24 de la virole 20 et celui défini par l'axe de la virole 20. L'angle α entre ces deux plans peut atteindre 1 à 2 degrés.FIG. 7 illustrates a second defect which can be observed: a defect of perpendicularity between the plane defined by the edge 24 of the ferrule 20 and that defined by the axis of the ferrule 20. The angle α between these two planes can reach 1 to 2 degrees.
La réalisation d'une opération de découpe d'un bord de la virole après les opérations de fluotoumage permet de garantir l'orthogonalité du plan défini par ce bord de la virole et l'axe de cette virole.Carrying out an operation of cutting an edge of the shell after the flow-forming operations makes it possible to guarantee the orthogonality of the plane defined by this edge of the shell and the axis of this shell.
La figure 8 illustre un troisième défaut. Sur cette figure, on voit un profil partiel de deux viroles 25 et 26. Ces deux profils sont sensiblement identiques à l'exception de la longueur des zones non fluotoumées du côté en butée contre le mandrin (du côté gauche de la figure). Ces zones 27 pour la virole 25 et 28 pour la virole 26 diffèrent d'une longueur d. Cet écart est dû à une variation d'épaisseur du flan de départ entre les deux viroles. La virole 26 a un flan de départ dont l'épaisseur est supérieure à celle de la virole 25. En dépit de cette variation d'épaisseur initiale, le profil des deux viroles après fluotoumage est sensiblement identique car le déplacement relatif des molettes est lié à l'accroissement axial des zones fluotoumées. En revanche, pour une même largeur axiale de virole, la zone effectivement fluotournée est axialement plus petite pour une virole d'épaisseur supérieure. Pour une jante de roue tourisme de diamètre 15 pouces (381 mm), une variation d'épaisseur de 0,05 mm peut entraîner une variation de largeur axiale de la zone non fluotournée du côté en butée de 5 mm.Figure 8 illustrates a third fault. In this figure, we see a partial profile of two ferrules 25 and 26. These two profiles are substantially identical except for the length of the non-fluotoumée zones on the side abutting against the mandrel (on the left side of the figure). These zones 27 for the shell 25 and 28 for the shell 26 differ by a length d. This difference is due to a variation in thickness of the starting blank between the two ferrules. The ferrule 26 has a starting blank whose thickness is greater than that of the ferrule 25. Despite this initial thickness variation, the profile of the two ferrules after flow forming is substantially identical since the relative displacement of the rollers is linked to the axial increase of the fluotoumées zones. On the other hand, for the same axial width of the ferrule, the effectively flow-turned area is axially smaller for a ferrule of greater thickness. For a 15-inch (381 mm) diameter touring wheel rim, a variation in thickness of 0.05 mm can cause a variation in axial width of the non-flow-turned area on the abutment side of 5 mm.
Ce problème est réglé en prenant comme référence un point caractéristique R du profil de la virole après les opérations de fluotoumage pour définir la position des plans Di et D2 de découpe des bords de la virole. Ce point R est avantageusement pris adjacent à une zone d'épaisseur variable et une zone d'épaisseur fixe comme illustré sur la figure 8. Concrètement, on utilise un système de contrôle du profil pour déterminer la position du plan de découpe ou des deux plans de découpe selon le cas. Il est à noter qu'il n'est pas possible de prendre comme référence le bord de la virole du côté d'attaque des molettes car c'est ce bord qui est le plus sensible aux variations et ondulations comme il a déjà été indiqué.This problem is resolved by taking as a reference a characteristic point R of the profile of the shell after the flow-forming operations to define the position of the planes Di and D 2 for cutting the edges of the shell. This point R is advantageously taken adjacent to a zone of variable thickness and a zone of fixed thickness as illustrated in FIG. 8. Concretely, a profile control system is used to determine the position of the cutting plane or two cutting planes as appropriate. It should be noted that it is not possible to take as a reference the edge of the ferrule on the attack side of the rollers because it is this edge which is most sensitive to variations and undulations as has already been indicated.
La figure 9(a) illustre schématiquement le profil de l'une des extrémités de la virole 20 après l'opération de fluotoumage. Ce profil comprend une zone extérieure 21 non fluotournée de largeur axiale Lminj et d'épaisseur e correspondant à l'épaisseur du flan dé départ, une zone de transition 22 dans laquelle l'épaisseur diminue progressivement et une zone 23 d'épaisseur et réduite. La figure 9(b) présente le profil du bord extérieur de la jante résultante après les opérations de profilage par roulage. La première zone 21 correspond au rebord 31 du crochet de jante 4, la zone d'épaisseur réduite 23 au siège 5 de la jante et au début 29 du crochet et la zone de transition 22 à la zone 30 intermédiaire. Le crochet 4 de la jante a ainsi trois zones adjacentes : la zone 29 d'épaisseur réduite identique à celle du siège 5, la zone de transition 30 dont l'épaisseur augmente progressivement et la zone 31 d'épaisseur e identique à celle du flan de départ.FIG. 9 (a) schematically illustrates the profile of one of the ends of the shell 20 after the fluotoumage operation. This profile comprises an outer non-flow-turned area 21 of axial width L m i n j and of thickness e corresponding to the thickness of the starting blank, a transition area 22 in which the thickness gradually decreases and an area 23 of thickness and reduced. Figure 9 (b) shows the profile of the outer edge of the resulting rim after the rolling profiling operations. The first zone 21 corresponds to the rim 31 of the rim hook 4, the zone of reduced thickness 23 at the seat 5 of the rim and at the start 29 of the hook and the transition zone 22 to the intermediate zone 30. The hook 4 of the rim thus has three adjacent zones: the zone 29 of reduced thickness identical to that of the seat 5, the transition zone 30 whose thickness gradually increases and the zone 31 of thickness e identical to that of the blank of departure.
Le crochet 4 de la figure 9(b) présente ainsi une surépaisseur qui peut être nécessaire ou non selon le type de roue concernée.The hook 4 of Figure 9 (b) thus has an extra thickness which may or may not be necessary depending on the type of wheel concerned.
Les figures 10 et 11 présentent deux formes de crochets résultant de deux opérations de découpe différentes. Dans le cas de la figure 10, le plan de découpe D est situé axialement à une distance L du point de jonction entre la zone 21 non fluotournée d'épaisseur e et la zone de transition 22 d'épaisseur variable entre e et ei. Il en résulte que le crochet 4 présente, après l'opération de découpe, une zone réduite 32 d'épaisseur e. La jante a ainsi un poids réduit.Figures 10 and 11 show two forms of hooks resulting from two different cutting operations. In the case of FIG. 10, the cutting plane D is located axially at a distance L from the junction point between the non-flow-turned zone 21 of thickness e and the transition zone 22 of variable thickness between e and ei. As a result, the hook 4 has, after the cutting operation, a reduced area 32 of thickness e. The rim thus has a reduced weight.
A la figure 11, le plan de découpe se situe dans la zone 23, qui a subi un fluotou age pour réduire son épaisseur de e à ei. Le crochet résultant après les opérations de profilage a donc une épaisseur identique sur toute sa longueur. La réduction de poids est alors maximale. Il est à noter que pour améliorer la clarté des figures 9 à 11, leur échelle dans une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de la virole est cinq fois plus grande que l'échelle dans la direction de l'axe de la virole.In FIG. 11, the cutting plane is located in the zone 23, which has undergone a fluotou age to reduce its thickness from e to ei. The hook resulting from the profiling operations therefore has an identical thickness over its entire length. The weight reduction is then maximum. It should be noted that to improve the clarity of FIGS. 9 to 11, their scale in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the ferrule is five times greater than the scale in the direction of the axis of the ferrule.
La découpe du bord de la virole peut s'effectuer par tout procédé approprié, notamment tournage ou découpe à la molette.The cutting of the edge of the ferrule can be carried out by any suitable process, in particular turning or cutting with a wheel.
Après les opérations de profilage par roulage de la virole, on calibre les jantes ainsi obtenues puis on réalise l'emboîtage avec des disques appropriés.After the profiling operations by rolling the ferrule, the rims thus obtained are calibrated and then the casing is made with suitable discs.
La figure 2 comporte une étape d'usinage de la zone d'emboîtage de la jante. Cette étape est optionnelle. Cette étape a pour but de parfaire la géométrie cylindrique de la zone d'emboîtage dans le cas d'un assemblage sensible. Figure 2 includes a step of machining the casing area of the rim. This step is optional. The purpose of this step is to perfect the cylindrical geometry of the fitting zone in the case of a sensitive assembly.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'une jante (2) en tôle métallique d'une roue pour véhicule dans lequel : - on découpe un flan en tôle métallique pour obtenir une géométrie rectangulaire ;1. A method of manufacturing a metal sheet rim (2) of a wheel for a vehicle in which: - a sheet metal blank is cut to obtain a rectangular geometry;
- on cintre le flan pour obtenir une virole cylindrique (14) ;- the blank is bent to obtain a cylindrical shell (14);
- on soude ensemble les deux bords libres de la virole (14) ;- The two free edges of the ferrule (14) are welded together;
- on effectue au moins une opération de fluotoumage cylindrique pour obtenir un profil donné d'épaisseur de la virole (20, 25, 26) comportant des zones d'épaisseur constante adjacentes à des zones d'épaisseur variable ;- At least one cylindrical flow forming operation is carried out to obtain a given profile for the thickness of the shell (20, 25, 26) comprising zones of constant thickness adjacent to zones of variable thickness;
- on effectue une découpe normale à l'axe de la virole (20. 25, 26) d'au moins un bord latéral de la virole (20, 25, 26) ;- A cut normal to the axis of the ferrule (20, 25, 26) is made of at least one lateral edge of the ferrule (20, 25, 26);
- on effectue un profilage de la virole (20, 25, 26) pour obtenir la jante (2) ; et- profiling the ferrule (20, 25, 26) to obtain the rim (2); and
- on calibre ladite jante (2).- calibrating said rim (2).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, la jante (2) ayant un côté intérieur et un côté extérieur, on découpe le bord latéral de la virole (20, 25, 26) correspondant au côté intérieur de la jante (2).2. Method according to claim 1, in which, the rim (2) having an interior side and an exterior side, the lateral edge of the ferrule (20, 25, 26) corresponding to the interior side of the rim is cut out .
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on découpe les deux bords latéraux de la virole (20, 25, 26).3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the two lateral edges of the ferrule (20, 25, 26) are cut.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel on découpe une partie de la zone non fluotournée (21, 27, 28) en bord de virole (20, 25, 26).4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one cuts a part of the non-flow-turned area (21, 27, 28) at the edge of the shell (20, 25, 26).
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel on découpe au moins une partie de la zone fluotournée en bord de virole (20, 25, 26).5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least part of the flow-turned zone is cut at the edge of the shell (20, 25, 26).
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel on définit le plan de découpe d'un bord de la virole (20, 25, 26) en prenant comme référence un point caractéristique du profil de la virole (20, 25, 26) après l'opération de fluotoumage. 6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the cutting plane of an edge of the ferrule (20, 25, 26) is defined by taking as a reference a point characteristic of the profile of the ferrule (20, 25, 26) after the fluotoumage operation.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit point caractéristique correspond à un point de transition entre une zone d'épaisseur constante et une zone d'épaisseur variable.7. The method of claim 6, wherein said characteristic point corresponds to a transition point between an area of constant thickness and an area of variable thickness.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel, après avoir soudé ensemble les deux bords libres de la virole (20, 25, 26), on calibre ladite virole (20, 25, 26).8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, after having welded together the two free edges of the ferrule (20, 25, 26), calibrating said ferrule (20, 25, 26).
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel, après avoir calibré ladite jante (2), on usine la zone d'emboîtage de la jante. 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, after calibrating said rim (2), the casing area of the rim is machined.
EP01980534A 2000-11-13 2001-10-31 Method for making a vehicle wheel rim Expired - Lifetime EP1335805B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0014675A FR2816532B1 (en) 2000-11-13 2000-11-13 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A VEHICLE WHEEL RIM
FR0014675 2000-11-13
PCT/EP2001/012601 WO2002038303A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2001-10-31 Method for making a vehicle wheel rim

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ATE279276T1 (en) 2004-10-15
AU2002212354A1 (en) 2002-05-21
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EP1335805B1 (en) 2004-10-13
FR2816532B1 (en) 2003-01-24
DE60106477D1 (en) 2004-11-18
FR2816532A1 (en) 2002-05-17
WO2002038303A1 (en) 2002-05-16
DE60106477T2 (en) 2006-02-02
US6971173B2 (en) 2005-12-06
JP4653932B2 (en) 2011-03-16
ES2230375T3 (en) 2005-05-01
JP2004512963A (en) 2004-04-30

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