EP1319438A1 - Improved plant for pre-crushing objects - Google Patents

Improved plant for pre-crushing objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1319438A1
EP1319438A1 EP02292972A EP02292972A EP1319438A1 EP 1319438 A1 EP1319438 A1 EP 1319438A1 EP 02292972 A EP02292972 A EP 02292972A EP 02292972 A EP02292972 A EP 02292972A EP 1319438 A1 EP1319438 A1 EP 1319438A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
installation according
shaft
installation
shredding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02292972A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1319438B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Siebert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CFF Recycling
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CFF Recycling
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1319438A1 publication Critical patent/EP1319438A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2233—Feed means of ram or pusher type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/24—Drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/04—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/168—User safety devices or measures in shredders

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a pre-grinding installation objects and in particular but not exclusively vehicle wrecks or other.
  • the operation of a grinding unit is subject to various risks such as explosions, fires, broken machinery etc. These incidents are mainly caused by the introduction into the crusher, among the wrecks, hollow bodies such as tanks, gas cylinders, tanks containing G.P.L., or massive parts.
  • the profitability of transporting automobile wrecks has led recycling professionals to initially compress wrecks.
  • the packets thus obtained have several disadvantages in terms of treatment made by grinding.
  • the packets are hardly absorbed by a grinder taking into account its density and hardness.
  • these packets may contain hollow bodies which may cause explosions during grinding.
  • the risk of explosion is also present with the treatment of uncompressed automobile wrecks, by example there may be fuel present in the tanks.
  • pre-shredders The principle of pre-shredders is to pass between two trees fitted with shredding hooks and rotating at different speeds materials to be pre-shredded.
  • Figure 1 attached schematically illustrates such a type pre-crusher known.
  • the rotational drive of the shafts 12 and 14 can be achieved using a single motor that directly drives one of the shafts, a system gear allowing the drive of the other shaft.
  • the present invention provides a solution technique which both reduces inertia and absorbs energy created by a sudden and violent blockage of the trees 12, 14.
  • the subject of the present invention is a pre-grinding installation objects comprising at least a first drive shaft for objects and a second tree for shredding driven objects, said trees being each provided with shredding hooks and being each driven in rotation by at least one motor, a speed reducer of each motor being disposed between each engine and the associated shaft, the installation comprising means for controlling said motors associated with parameter sensors of operation of the installation, and a means of acquisition and processing Datas.
  • the installation further comprises a universal joint arranged between the output shaft of each motor and the input shaft of each reducer, and each reducer is mounted to bear on a means damping which absorbs the energy created by shocks and / or torques above a given threshold at the fangs.
  • This feature of the invention creates elasticity between certain elements of the installation, so that shocks or other incidents at the level fangs do not lead to systematic destruction of all or part of the installation as is the case in known installations.
  • the damping means comprises an element damping such as a stack of Belleville washers or a jack hydraulic.
  • the installation according to the invention may comprise a sensor for safety arranged on each damping means and connected by means of data processing which reacts by stopping at least the motors when said sensors are actuated.
  • the safety sensor actually reacts to a large movement of the damping means, this displacement being due to a significant torque on the trees, that is to say, to an incident.
  • At least one force sensor placed on the depreciation means and linked to the acquisition and processing means data.
  • This information can also be processed by the means data acquisition and processing. For example we can make a display of the values in real time on a supervision screen with graphics (especially for the slow tree and the fast tree) and transcribe on a printer all data.
  • the installation also comprises means of separation between at least one of the shafts and the drive motor associated.
  • the separation means thus exercise a protective function against drive motors with respect to overtorques created for example by a shock violent.
  • the separation means include at minus a torque limiter.
  • this will preferably be mounted on the second shaft (from shredding) to protect the transmission line which has the speed of highest rotation and on which the torque created by a blockage is the most important.
  • the torque limiter (s) therefore provide a protection function for mechanical type of one or even of the two motors vis-à-vis an overtorque tree level.
  • a trigger detector can be provided on the one or more means of separation in order to have control of said triggering.
  • This aspect relating to the safety of the installation represents a improvement particularly interesting and appreciated by users.
  • the drive motors of the shafts are electric motors either direct current or alternating current.
  • the type of motor will be chosen according to the power to be supplied and / or of clutter.
  • FIG. 2 partially illustrates an embodiment of the invention.
  • tree 12 is the tree of shredding while the tree 14 is the so-called "drive" tree.
  • the tree 12 has a higher rotational speed than shaft 14.
  • These shafts are each linked to a mechanical reducer respectively referenced 3 and 4 which preferably constitutes a bevel gear. Entrance 3a, 4a of each reducer is coupled to a separation means such as a torque 5, 6, the output of which is connected to the input of a respective motor 7 and 8.
  • the torque limiter 5, 6 advantageously allows, in the event of impacts violent between the fangs 16 of the shafts 12, 14, to separate the motor 7, 8 vis-à-vis the associated reducer 3, 4.
  • the reducer is no longer linked to the motor associated and these two elements are in freewheeling.
  • This axial displacement (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the line of transmission) has the effect of releasing the two hubs 9 and 11 from one another, and therefore to separate the reduction gear 3 or 4, that is to say in fact the shaft 12 or 14 vis-à-vis the associated motor 7 or 8.
  • the separation is mechanical in the sense that when a couple higher than the taring value of the cartridge 13 is exerted on one of the hubs, then the cartridge 13 sinks into its housing, thus canceling the mechanical connection between the hubs 9, 11, therefore between the corresponding motor and the drive shaft.
  • the device 13 either manually or automatically.
  • the torque limiter 5, 6 is preferably placed on the transmission line of the shredding shaft 12 in order to effectively protect the drive motor of this line which, not only has the highest rotational speed, but at which the greatest torque is exerted in the event of a blockage.
  • each torque limiter advantageously making it possible to protect the motor 7, 8 to which it is connected vis-à-vis vibration, excessive torsion generated by a blockage at the level of trees.
  • the torque limiter is equipped with a detector (not referenced) intended to control its triggering, the detector being itself connected to the data processing assembly 100. It is indeed interesting to know in real time that a torque limiter is triggered; this information indicates that there is a problem with one of the transmission lines. In any case, the stopping of the two engines is linked. Furthermore, during the starting, a jamming at the hooks level 16 can only be detected level of the torque limiter, via its release.
  • the output shaft of the motor 8 is connected to a universal joint 4a which allows a relative angular displacement with respect to the input shaft of the associated gear unit 4.
  • the reduction gear 4 rests on a support 41 which itself is supported on a damping system 15 also called crutch in the rest of this text.
  • the system 15 makes the reduction gear 4 floating, that is to say mobile vertically, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 4 and 5.
  • a floating assembly comprising the shaft 14, its reduction gear 4 and the support reduction gear 41.
  • the fixed components of the installation include the motor 8 as well as the stand of the crutch 15.
  • the gimbal 4a ensures on the line of transmission, a link between the motor output shaft (fixed) and the shaft reducer inlet (floating).
  • a weighing device 15.1 intended to permanently measure the force on the reduction gear 4.
  • the device 15.1 is connected to the data acquisition and processing circuits 100 which can thus permanently determine the torque applied to the tree in question.
  • the stand 15 includes a safety sensor 15.2 which, during a displacement greater than a given threshold of the reducer 4, transmits this information by means 100 which reacts by stopping at least the motors 7, 8.
  • each sensor 15.2 can consist of two contactors reacting respectively to a positive and negative displacement of the stand to which they are attached, as will be explained in more detail in relationship to Figure 6.
  • the motor is referenced 7
  • the associated speed sensor takes the reference 71, cardan joint 3a, stand 17 (identical to stand 15) fitted weighing sensors 17.1 and displacement sensors 17.2.
  • the means 5 makes it possible to "protect" the motor 7 to which it is connected by preventing it from transmission of inadmissible torques generated at the shaft of the corresponding transmission.
  • each set constituted by the shaft and the reduction gear which is associated with it is mounted floating by relative to the ground thanks to the presence of the crutch, but these two sets are independent.
  • Figure 6 shows in more detail a preferred embodiment of the damping system or stand 15 on which one of the reducers 4 for example, or more precisely the support 41 of the reducer 4.
  • the support 41 and the force sensor 15.1 rest on the body of the damping device 15.
  • This may include a stack of Belleville washers 15.3 which act as shock absorbers.
  • a hydraulic cylinder or any other damping support can be used instead of washers Beautiful city.
  • This system is notably linked in translation, in its lower part, to a part 15.4 which has external pins 15.5 which, depending on their position axial, come into contact with either a "high” limit switch 15.6, or of a “low” limit switch 15.7.
  • the assembly forms the contactor said 15.2 security mentioned above, connected to the means 100 for acquisition and data processing.
  • the part 15.4 can therefore slide, depending on the forces transmitted by the reducer, on the stand 15.8 of the stand which is firmly fixed on the support structure of the pre-crusher or which is connected to the ground by a beam intermediate.
  • a stand 17 structurally close to the stand 15 which has just been described, supports the other reducer 3 in the same way as the stand 15 supports the reduction gear 4.
  • the circuits 100 for acquiring and data processing allows both to acquire data from different speed, effort, torque and parameters related to the operation of the installation. These acquisitions are made in permanently.
  • circuits 100 process this data, calculate others and can also control each of the motors 7, 8 according to the data received, almost instantly.
  • circuits 100 control at least one variator of speed (W) linked to motor 7 of the drive line, but preferably an individual control of each of the motors 7, 8 will be operated via a variable speed drive.
  • W variator of speed
  • the engines are stopped either by manual control or following an incident detected for example by information provided by displacement sensors 15.2, 17.2, as explained above.
  • the torque exerted by the "incompressible" object on each shaft 12, 14 does not increase any more, at least until each of the shock absorbers arrives in abutment on at least one of the sensors 15.2, 17.2. Shock absorbers 15, 17 thus allow to absorb the energy created by the forces exerted on the trees 12, 14.
  • the sensors 15.2, 17.2 are activated as soon as one of the dampers 15, 17 is moved significantly. Said sensors 15.2, 17.2 transmit then this information to the unit 100 which reacts by deactivating all the motors.
  • the sensors 15.2, 17.2 will not necessarily detect and in any case not immediately the problem.
  • the overtorque is then detected at level of at least one torque limiter 5 which immediately disconnects the motor with which it is associated 7 or 8 vis-à-vis the rest of the line transmission.
  • the motor 8 On the line of the drive shaft 14, the motor 8 has a power of 129 kW for a rotation speed of 820 rpm; its maximum speed being 1130 rpm.
  • the nominal torque of the motor 8 is 1500 Nm; its maximum torque of 1800 Nn.
  • the associated reduction gear 4 has a rotation speed of 2.6 rpm and supports a maximum output torque (admissible for deformation) of 10 6 Nm.
  • the motor 7 On the line of the shredding shaft 12, the motor 7 has a power of 396 kW for a rotation speed of 980 rpm; its maximum speed is 1350 rpm.
  • the nominal torque of the motor 7 is 3800 Nm and its maximum torque of 6000 Nm.
  • the reduction gear 3 has a rotation speed of 16 rpm and a maximum output torque admissible for deformation of the order of 1.5 x 10 6 Nm.
  • the present invention allows a preventive action before occurs the period of duration d1 during which the couple is infinite, with huge risk of breakage.
  • This duration is commonly of the order of 0.1 s.
  • the period d2 during which it is possible to intervene (between couples C1 and C2) and which precedes the period d1 is also of the order of 0.1 s.
  • the improvement brought by the invention is therefore very beneficial, particularly with regard to safety and its lifespan.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The crushing installation comprises a drive shaft (14) for driving articles and a shredding shaft (12) for shredding driven articles. Each shaft has a shredding teeth and is rotated by respective motors (7,8). The gear boxes (3,4) that are provided between respective motor and associated shaft, are mounted on a shock absorber (15) which absorbs energy created by impacts and torque at teeth of the shafts.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une installation de pré-broyage d'objets et notamment mais non exclusivement d'épaves de véhicules ou autres.The subject of the present invention is a pre-grinding installation objects and in particular but not exclusively vehicle wrecks or other.

On sait que pour la récupération de matériaux notamment métalliques à partir notamment d'épaves de véhicules automobiles ou autres, on utilise des installations de broyage.It is known that for the recovery of particularly metallic materials to in particular from wrecks of motor vehicles or others, we use grinding plants.

Le fonctionnement d'une unité de broyage est soumis à divers risques tels que des explosions, incendies, bris de machines etc. Ces incidents sont principalement provoqués par l'introduction dans le broyeur, parmi les épaves, de corps creux tels que des réservoirs, des bouteilles de gaz, des cuves contenant du G.P.L., ou des pièces massives.The operation of a grinding unit is subject to various risks such as explosions, fires, broken machinery etc. These incidents are mainly caused by the introduction into the crusher, among the wrecks, hollow bodies such as tanks, gas cylinders, tanks containing G.P.L., or massive parts.

La rentabilité du transport d'épaves automobiles a conduit les professionnels du recyclage à compresser initialement les épaves. Les paquets ainsi obtenus présentent plusieurs inconvénients au niveau du traitement effectué par broyage. D'une part, les paquets sont difficilement absorbés par un broyeur compte tenu de sa densité et de sa dureté. D'autre part, ces paquets peuvent renfermer des corps creux qui risquent de provoquer des explosions au moment du broyage. Le risque d'explosion est également présent avec le traitement d'épaves automobiles non compressées, par exemple il peut y avoir présence de carburant dans les réservoirs.The profitability of transporting automobile wrecks has led recycling professionals to initially compress wrecks. The packets thus obtained have several disadvantages in terms of treatment made by grinding. On the one hand, the packets are hardly absorbed by a grinder taking into account its density and hardness. On the other hand, these packets may contain hollow bodies which may cause explosions during grinding. The risk of explosion is also present with the treatment of uncompressed automobile wrecks, by example there may be fuel present in the tanks.

Pour résoudre ce problème on a proposé d'utiliser des pré-broyeurs qui sont destinés à préparer ces épaves compressées ou non compressées avant le broyage, par un pré-déchiquetage. Cette opération augmente considérablement la productivité des broyeurs et supprime les risques d'explosion.To solve this problem, it has been proposed to use pre-shredders which are intended to prepare these compressed or uncompressed wrecks before grinding, by pre-shredding. This operation increases considerably the productivity of the shredders and eliminates the risks explosion.

Le principe des pré-broyeurs consiste à faire passer entre deux arbres munis de crocs de déchiquetage et tournant à des vitesses différentes les matériaux à pré-déchiqueter.The principle of pre-shredders is to pass between two trees fitted with shredding hooks and rotating at different speeds materials to be pre-shredded.

La figure 1 annexée illustre schématiquement un tel pré-broyeur de type connu.Figure 1 attached schematically illustrates such a type pre-crusher known.

A l'intérieur d'une enceinte 10 on trouve deux arbres horizontaux parallèles entre eux 12 et 14 qui sont munis sur leurs périphéries de crocs de déchiquetage tels que 16. On trouve un arbre inférieur 14 servant essentiellement à entraíner les objets ou produits à pré-broyer et un arbre supérieur 12 qui, en combinaison avec la rotation de l'arbre 14, permet effectivement le pré-broyage, les deux arbres tournant dans des sens opposés et ayant des vitesses de rotation différentes. Inside an enclosure 10 there are two horizontal trees parallel to each other 12 and 14 which are provided on their peripheries with hooks of shredding such as 16. There is a lower shaft 14 serving essentially to train the objects or products to be pre-ground and a tree upper 12 which, in combination with the rotation of the shaft 14, allows actually pre-grinding, the two shafts rotating in opposite directions and having different rotational speeds.

L'entraínement en rotation des arbres 12 et 14 peut être réalisé à l'aide d'un seul moteur qui entraíne directement l'un des arbres, un système d'engrenage permettant alors l'entraínement de l'autre arbre.The rotational drive of the shafts 12 and 14 can be achieved using a single motor that directly drives one of the shafts, a system gear allowing the drive of the other shaft.

Une amélioration de cet entraínement a consisté, comme divulgué dans la demande de brevet WO 98/07519, à utiliser deux moteurs d'entraínement, chacun associé à un arbre 12, 14, lesdits moteurs étant commandés indépendamment, en fonction de certaines conditions de fonctionnement de l'installation.An improvement of this training consisted, as disclosed in patent application WO 98/07519, to use two drive motors, each associated with a shaft 12, 14, said motors being controlled independently, depending on certain operating conditions of installation.

Ceci améliore le rendement de l'installation puisque le contrôle permanent de certains paramètres de fonctionnement permet une meilleure adaptation aux conditions extérieures : nature de la charge, vitesse de la charge etc.This improves the efficiency of the installation since the control permanent certain operating parameters allows better adaptation to external conditions: nature of the load, speed of charge etc.

Cependant, ce type d'installation présente des problèmes au niveau des "casses", très fréquentes, dues à l'introduction dans le pré-broyeur de corps massifs qui peuvent casser les crocs 16, les arbres ou d'autres pièces de l'installation. De plus, les casses peuvent entraíner un arrêt de l'installation ; dans tous les cas, lorsque un trop grand nombre de crocs 16 sont détruits ou abímés, l'arbre correspondant doit être remplacé, ce qui est préjudiciable en termes de rendement et donc de coût.However, this type of installation presents problems in terms of "breakages", very frequent, due to the introduction into the pre-shredder massive which can break fangs 16, trees or other parts of installation. In addition, breakages can cause the installation to stop; in any case, when too many hooks 16 are destroyed or damaged, the corresponding tree must be replaced, which is detrimental in terms of yield and therefore cost.

Il a par ailleurs été constaté, sur ce type d'installation connu, que lors de l'introduction d'un objet massif, indéformable et/ou d'une dimension supérieure à l'entraxe des deux arbres 12, 14, un blocage violent survient générant, en une fraction de seconde, un surcouple infini au niveau des arbres.It has also been observed, on this type of known installation, that during the introduction of a massive, non-deformable object and / or a dimension greater than the distance between the two shafts 12, 14, a violent blockage occurs generating, in a fraction of a second, an infinite overshoot at the level of trees.

Vis-à-vis de ce problème, la présente invention propose une solution technique qui permet à la fois de diminuer les inerties et d'absorber l'énergie créée par un blocage soudain et violent des arbres 12, 14.With regard to this problem, the present invention provides a solution technique which both reduces inertia and absorbs energy created by a sudden and violent blockage of the trees 12, 14.

Ainsi, la présente invention a pour objet une installation de pré-broyage d'objets comprenant au moins un premier arbre d'entraínement des objets et un deuxième arbre de déchiquetage des objets entraínés, lesdits arbres étant chacun muni de crocs de déchiquetage et étant chacun entraíné en rotation par au moins un moteur, un réducteur de la vitesse de chaque moteur étant disposé entre chaque moteur et l'arbre associé, l'installation comprenant des moyens de commande desdits moteurs associés à des capteurs de paramètres de fonctionnement de l'installation, et un moyen d'acquisition et de traitement des données. Thus, the subject of the present invention is a pre-grinding installation objects comprising at least a first drive shaft for objects and a second tree for shredding driven objects, said trees being each provided with shredding hooks and being each driven in rotation by at least one motor, a speed reducer of each motor being disposed between each engine and the associated shaft, the installation comprising means for controlling said motors associated with parameter sensors of operation of the installation, and a means of acquisition and processing Datas.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'installation comprend en outre un cardan disposé entre l'arbre de sortie de chaque moteur et l'arbre d'entrée de chaque réducteur, et chaque réducteur est monté en appui sur un moyen d'amortissement ce qui permet d'absorber l'énergie créée par des chocs et/ou des couples supérieurs à un seuil donné au niveau des crocs.According to a characteristic of the invention, the installation further comprises a universal joint arranged between the output shaft of each motor and the input shaft of each reducer, and each reducer is mounted to bear on a means damping which absorbs the energy created by shocks and / or torques above a given threshold at the fangs.

Cette particularité de l'invention crée une élasticité entre certains éléments de l'installation, de sorte que les chocs ou autres incidents au niveau des crocs n'aboutissent pas à une destruction systématique de tout ou partie de l'installation comme c'est le cas dans les installations connues.This feature of the invention creates elasticity between certain elements of the installation, so that shocks or other incidents at the level fangs do not lead to systematic destruction of all or part of the installation as is the case in known installations.

De façon surprenante, bien que l'installation soit de taille et de poids considérables, on obtient cependant une certaine souplesse entre certains de ses constituants.Surprisingly, although the installation is of size and weight considerable, however, some flexibility is obtained between some of its constituents.

Avantageusement, le moyen d'amortissement comprend un élément d'amortissement tel qu'un empilement de rondelles Belleville ou un vérin hydraulique.Advantageously, the damping means comprises an element damping such as a stack of Belleville washers or a jack hydraulic.

Par ailleurs, l'installation selon l'invention peut comprendre un capteur de sécurité disposé sur chaque moyen d'amortissement et relié au moyen de traitement de données qui réagit en arrêtant au moins les moteurs d'entraínement lorsque lesdits capteurs sont actionnés.Furthermore, the installation according to the invention may comprise a sensor for safety arranged on each damping means and connected by means of data processing which reacts by stopping at least the motors when said sensors are actuated.

Le capteur de sécurité réagit en fait à un déplacement important du moyen d'amortissement, ce déplacement étant dû à un couple important sur les arbres c'est-à-dire à un incident.The safety sensor actually reacts to a large movement of the damping means, this displacement being due to a significant torque on the trees, that is to say, to an incident.

Ainsi, l'arrêt des moteurs suite à un blocage accidentel des crocs représente une sécurité tout à fait nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de l'installation.Thus, the stopping of the engines following an accidental locking of the fangs represents a security absolutely necessary for the proper functioning of installation.

Avantageusement, on trouve au moins un capteur d'efforts placé sur le moyen d'amortissement et relié au moyen d'acquisition et de traitement de données.Advantageously, there is at least one force sensor placed on the depreciation means and linked to the acquisition and processing means data.

Ce moyen permet de connaítre en permanence les efforts exercés sur chaque arbre. Cette information peut par ailleurs être traitée par le moyen d'acquisition et de traitement des données. Par exemple on peut réaliser un affichage des valeurs en temps réel sur un écran de supervision avec graphiques (notamment pour l'arbre lent et l'arbre rapide) et transcrire sur une imprimante toutes les données.This means it is possible to constantly know the forces exerted on each tree. This information can also be processed by the means data acquisition and processing. For example we can make a display of the values in real time on a supervision screen with graphics (especially for the slow tree and the fast tree) and transcribe on a printer all data.

Conformément à l'invention, l'installation comprend en outre des moyens de désolidarisation entre l'un au moins des arbres et le moteur d'entraínement associé. In accordance with the invention, the installation also comprises means of separation between at least one of the shafts and the drive motor associated.

Il s'agit de diminuer les inerties entre l'un au moins des arbres et le moteur associé en cas notamment de choc violent entre les deux arbres. Les moyens de désolidarisation exercent ainsi une fonction de protection des moteurs d'entraínement vis-à-vis de surcouples créés par exemple par un choc violent.It is a question of reducing the inertias between at least one of the trees and the associated motor in particular in the event of a violent impact between the two shafts. The separation means thus exercise a protective function against drive motors with respect to overtorques created for example by a shock violent.

De façon plus précise, les moyens de désolidarisation comprennent au moins un limiteur de couple.More specifically, the separation means include at minus a torque limiter.

Si l'on ne doit installer qu'un seul limiteur de couple dans l'installation, celui-ci sera préférentiellement monté sur le deuxième arbre (de déchiquetage) afin de protéger la ligne de transmission qui a la vitesse de rotation la plus élevée et sur laquelle le couple crée par un blocage est le plus important.If only one torque limiter is to be installed in the installation, this will preferably be mounted on the second shaft (from shredding) to protect the transmission line which has the speed of highest rotation and on which the torque created by a blockage is the most important.

Cependant, il est tout à fait possible et même avantageux d'installer un limiteur de couple sur chaque ligne d'arbre.However, it is entirely possible and even advantageous to install a torque limiter on each shaft line.

Le ou les limiteurs de couple assurent donc une fonction de protection de type mécanique de l'un voire des deux moteurs vis-à-vis d'un surcouple au niveau des arbres.The torque limiter (s) therefore provide a protection function for mechanical type of one or even of the two motors vis-à-vis an overtorque tree level.

Concernant les capteurs montés dans l'installation selon l'invention, ils sont de plusieurs types :

  • sur l'un au moins des moteurs (d'entraínement et/ou de déchiquetage) peut être disposé un capteur de vitesse, relié au moyen d'acquisition et de traitement des données.
    • Concerning the sensors mounted in the installation according to the invention, they are of several types:
  • on at least one of the motors (drive and / or shredding) can be arranged a speed sensor, connected to the data acquisition and processing means.

    • Par ailleurs, un détecteur de déclenchement peut être prévu sur le ou les moyens de désolidarisation afin d'avoir un contrôle dudit déclenchement.Furthermore, a trigger detector can be provided on the one or more means of separation in order to have control of said triggering.

    Bien entendu, ces différents capteurs sont reliés au moyen d'acquisition et de traitement de données qui, comme il sera explicité ci-après, permet non seulement un contrôle permanent et une gestion efficace et optimale de l'installation mais présente en outre l'avantage de réduire les temps de réaction lors d'un choc violent.Of course, these different sensors are connected to the acquisition means and data processing which, as will be explained below, allows not only permanent control and efficient and optimal management of installation but also has the advantage of reducing the reaction during a violent shock.

    Cet aspect relatif à la sécurité de l'installation représente une amélioration particulièrement intéressante et appréciée des utilisateurs.This aspect relating to the safety of the installation represents a improvement particularly interesting and appreciated by users.

    Préférentiellement, les moteurs d'entraínement des arbres sont des moteurs électriques soit à courant continu, soit à courant alternatif.Preferably, the drive motors of the shafts are electric motors either direct current or alternating current.

    On choisira le type de moteur en fonction de la puissance à fournir et/ou de l'encombrement. The type of motor will be chosen according to the power to be supplied and / or of clutter.

    D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

    • la figure 1, déjà décrite, présente le principe d'une installation de pré-broyage connue ;
    • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'une installation de pré-broyage selon l'invention ;
    • la figure 3 est une coupe simplifiée d'un limiteur de couple ;
    • la figure 4 est un schéma de la ligne d'arbre d'entraínement ;
    • la figure 5 est un schéma de la ligne d'arbre de déchiquetage ;
    • la figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale d'un système d'amortissement selon l'invention ;
    • la figure 7 est un synoptique des moyens de commande et de contrôle de l'installation, et ;
    • la figure 8 est une courbe définissant le couple exercé sur les arbres en fonction du temps.
    Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, in which:
    • Figure 1, already described, shows the principle of a known pre-grinding installation;
    • Figure 2 is a top view of a pre-grinding installation according to the invention;
    • Figure 3 is a simplified section of a torque limiter;
    • Figure 4 is a diagram of the drive shaft line;
    • Figure 5 is a diagram of the shredder shaft line;
    • Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a damping system according to the invention;
    • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the command and control means of the installation, and;
    • Figure 8 is a curve defining the torque exerted on the trees as a function of time.

    La figure 2 illustre partiellement un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Sur cette vue, on reconnaít les deux arbres 12 et 14 ; l'arbre 12 est l'arbre de déchiquetage tandis que l'arbre 14 est l'arbre dit "d'entraínement". L'arbre 12 présente une vitesse de rotation plus grande que l'arbre 14. Ces arbres sont chacun liés à un réducteur mécanique respectivement référencé 3 et 4 qui constitue préférentiellement un renvoi d'angle. L'entrée 3a, 4a de chaque réducteur est couplé à un moyen de désolidarisation tel qu'un limiteur de couple 5, 6 dont la sortie est reliée à l'entrée d'un moteur respectif 7 et 8.FIG. 2 partially illustrates an embodiment of the invention. In this view, we recognize the two trees 12 and 14; tree 12 is the tree of shredding while the tree 14 is the so-called "drive" tree. The tree 12 has a higher rotational speed than shaft 14. These shafts are each linked to a mechanical reducer respectively referenced 3 and 4 which preferably constitutes a bevel gear. Entrance 3a, 4a of each reducer is coupled to a separation means such as a torque 5, 6, the output of which is connected to the input of a respective motor 7 and 8.

    Le limiteur de couple 5, 6 permet avantageusement, en cas de chocs violents entre les crocs 16 des arbres 12, 14, de désolidariser le moteur 7, 8 vis-à-vis du réducteur 3, 4 associé. Ainsi, le réducteur n'est plus lié au moteur associé et ces deux éléments se trouvent en roue libre.The torque limiter 5, 6 advantageously allows, in the event of impacts violent between the fangs 16 of the shafts 12, 14, to separate the motor 7, 8 vis-à-vis the associated reducer 3, 4. Thus, the reducer is no longer linked to the motor associated and these two elements are in freewheeling.

    Un exemple de limiteur de couple 5, 6 est représenté de façon schématique sur la figure 3 où l'on peut voir qu'il comprend essentiellement trois éléments :

  • Un moyeu creux 11 accouplé au moteur correspondant 7 ou 8 ; un moyeu 9 pour l'accouplement côté réducteur 3 ou 4 ; et un dispositif de déclenchement 13 qui est une cartouche qui se déplace axialement lorsqu'un couple supérieur à une valeur limite (de préréglage) s'exerce sur le moyeu 9.
    • An example of a torque limiter 5, 6 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3 where it can be seen that it essentially comprises three elements:
  • A hollow hub 11 coupled to the corresponding motor 7 or 8; a hub 9 for the coupling on the reduction side 3 or 4; and a trigger device 13 which is a cartridge which moves axially when a torque greater than a limit value (of preset) is exerted on the hub 9.

    • Ce déplacement axial (perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de la ligne de transmission) a pour effet de dégager les deux moyeux 9 et 11 l'un de l'autre, et donc de désolidariser le réducteur 3 ou 4, c'est-à-dire en fait l'arbre 12 ou 14 vis-à-vis du moteur associé 7 ou 8.This axial displacement (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the line of transmission) has the effect of releasing the two hubs 9 and 11 from one another, and therefore to separate the reduction gear 3 or 4, that is to say in fact the shaft 12 or 14 vis-à-vis the associated motor 7 or 8.

    La désolidarisation est mécanique en ce sens que lorsqu'un couple supérieur à la valeur de tarage de la cartouche 13 s'exerce sur l'un des moyeux, alors la cartouche 13 s'enfonce dans son logement, annulant ainsi la liaison mécanique entre les moyeux 9, 11, donc entre le moteur correspondant et l'arbre de transmission.The separation is mechanical in the sense that when a couple higher than the taring value of the cartridge 13 is exerted on one of the hubs, then the cartridge 13 sinks into its housing, thus canceling the mechanical connection between the hubs 9, 11, therefore between the corresponding motor and the drive shaft.

    Pour solidariser à nouveau les éléments précités, on enclenche le dispositif 13 soit manuellement, soit de façon automatique.To secure the above-mentioned elements again, the device 13 either manually or automatically.

    Comme il a été brièvement évoqué ci-avant, le limiteur de couple 5, 6 est placé de préférence sur la ligne de transmission de l'arbre de déchiquetage 12 afin de protéger efficacement le moteur d'entraínement de cette ligne qui, non seulement présente la vitesse de rotation la plus élevée, mais sur laquelle s'exerce le couple le plus important en cas de blocage.As was briefly mentioned above, the torque limiter 5, 6 is preferably placed on the transmission line of the shredding shaft 12 in order to effectively protect the drive motor of this line which, not only has the highest rotational speed, but at which the greatest torque is exerted in the event of a blockage.

    Bien entendu, il est tout à fait possible et même conseillé d'installer un tel limiteur sur chaque ligne de transmission afin de protéger efficacement chacun des moteurs 7, 8 vis-à-vis d'un incident ; chaque limiteur de couple permettant avantageusement de protéger le moteur 7, 8 auquel il est relié vis-à-vis de vibrations, torsions excessives générées par un blocage au niveau des arbres.Of course, it is entirely possible and even advisable to install a such a limiter on each transmission line to effectively protect each of the motors 7, 8 vis-à-vis an incident; each torque limiter advantageously making it possible to protect the motor 7, 8 to which it is connected vis-à-vis vibration, excessive torsion generated by a blockage at the level of trees.

    Avantageusement, le limiteur de couple est équipé d'un détecteur (non référencé) destiné à contrôler son déclenchement, le détecteur étant lui-même relié à l'ensemble de traitement de données 100. Il est en effet intéressant de savoir en temps réel qu'un limiteur de couple est déclenché ; cette information indique qu'un problème se pose au niveau d'une des lignes de transmission. De toutes manières l'arrêt des deux moteurs est lié. Par ailleurs, en phase de démarrage, un coincement au niveau des crocs 16 ne peut être détecté qu'au niveau du limiteur de couple, via son déclenchement.Advantageously, the torque limiter is equipped with a detector (not referenced) intended to control its triggering, the detector being itself connected to the data processing assembly 100. It is indeed interesting to know in real time that a torque limiter is triggered; this information indicates that there is a problem with one of the transmission lines. In any case, the stopping of the two engines is linked. Furthermore, during the starting, a jamming at the hooks level 16 can only be detected level of the torque limiter, via its release.

    Les figures 4 et 5 illustrent respectivement les principaux constituants de la ligne d'arbre d'entraínement et de la ligne d'arbre de déchiquetage. Concernant plus particulièrement la figure 4 :

  • Fixé sur le moteur 8 de la ligne d'entraínement, on trouve un capteur tachymétrique 81 destiné à mesurer en permanence la vitesse de rotation dudit moteur 8. Le capteur 81 est relié à l'ensemble de traitement de données 100.
    • Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrate the main components of the drive shaft line and the shredder shaft line. Concerning more particularly FIG. 4:
  • Fixed to the motor 8 of the drive line, there is a tachometer sensor 81 intended to permanently measure the speed of rotation of said motor 8. The sensor 81 is connected to the data processing assembly 100.

    • L'arbre de sortie du moteur 8 est relié à un cardan 4a qui permet un déplacement angulaire relatif vis-à-vis de l'arbre d'entrée du réducteur associé 4.The output shaft of the motor 8 is connected to a universal joint 4a which allows a relative angular displacement with respect to the input shaft of the associated gear unit 4.

    Le réducteur 4 repose sur un support 41 qui lui-même est en appui sur un système d'amortissement 15 encore appelé béquille dans la suite de ce texte.The reduction gear 4 rests on a support 41 which itself is supported on a damping system 15 also called crutch in the rest of this text.

    Le système 15 rend le réducteur 4 flottant, c'est-à-dire mobile verticalement, comme indiqué par les flèches sur les figures 4 et 5. On réalise ainsi un ensemble flottant comprenant l'arbre 14, son réducteur 4 et le support de réducteur 41. Les éléments fixes de l'installation comprennent le moteur 8 ainsi que le pied de la béquille 15. Le cardan 4a assure sur la ligne de transmission, une liaison entre l'arbre de sortie du moteur (fixe) et l'arbre d'entrée du réducteur (flottant).The system 15 makes the reduction gear 4 floating, that is to say mobile vertically, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 4 and 5. We carry out thus a floating assembly comprising the shaft 14, its reduction gear 4 and the support reduction gear 41. The fixed components of the installation include the motor 8 as well as the stand of the crutch 15. The gimbal 4a ensures on the line of transmission, a link between the motor output shaft (fixed) and the shaft reducer inlet (floating).

    Par ailleurs, sur la béquille 15 est installé un dispositif de pesage 15.1 destiné à mesurer en permanence l'effort sur le réducteur 4. Le dispositif 15.1 est relié aux circuits 100 d'acquisition et de traitement de données qui peut ainsi déterminer en permanence le couple appliqué à l'arbre considéré.Furthermore, on the stand 15 is installed a weighing device 15.1 intended to permanently measure the force on the reduction gear 4. The device 15.1 is connected to the data acquisition and processing circuits 100 which can thus permanently determine the torque applied to the tree in question.

    Enfin, la béquille 15 comprend un capteur 15.2 de sécurité qui, lors d'un déplacement supérieur à un seuil donné du réducteur 4, transmet cette information au moyen 100 qui réagit en arrêtant au moins les moteurs 7, 8.Finally, the stand 15 includes a safety sensor 15.2 which, during a displacement greater than a given threshold of the reducer 4, transmits this information by means 100 which reacts by stopping at least the motors 7, 8.

    Plus précisément, chaque capteur 15.2 peut être constitué de deux contacteurs réagissant respectivement à un déplacement positif et négatif de la béquille à laquelle ils sont fixés, comme il sera explicité plus en détail en relation avec la figure 6.More specifically, each sensor 15.2 can consist of two contactors reacting respectively to a positive and negative displacement of the stand to which they are attached, as will be explained in more detail in relationship to Figure 6.

    L'ensemble des éléments qui viennent d'être décrits tant dans leur structure que dans leur arrangement mutuel se retrouve sur la ligne d'arbre de déchiquetage 12 telle que schématisée sur la figure 5.All the elements which have just been described both in their structure that in their mutual arrangement is found on the tree line of shredding 12 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5.

    Ainsi, le moteur est référencé 7, le capteur de vitesse associé prend la référence 71, le cardan 3a, la béquille 17 (identique à la béquille 15) équipée des capteurs de pesage 17.1 et de déplacement 17.2.Thus, the motor is referenced 7, the associated speed sensor takes the reference 71, cardan joint 3a, stand 17 (identical to stand 15) fitted weighing sensors 17.1 and displacement sensors 17.2.

    Sur cette ligne, on trouve en outre un moyen 5 destiné à désolidariser l'arbre de sortie du moteur 7 vis-à-vis du reste de la ligne lorsqu'un choc violent survient au niveau de l'entraxe des arbres 12 et 14.On this line, there is also a means 5 intended to separate the motor output shaft 7 vis-à-vis the rest of the line when a shock violent occurs at the center distance of trees 12 and 14.

    On évite ainsi un couple inadmissible pour les arbres 12, 14 avec les conséquences qui s'en suivent telles qu'exprimées en tête de la description. Le moyen 5 permet de "protéger" le moteur 7 auquel il est relié en lui évitant la transmission de couples inadmissibles générés au niveau de l'arbre de transmission correspondant.This avoids an inadmissible torque for the shafts 12, 14 with the consequences which follow as expressed at the beginning of the description. The means 5 makes it possible to "protect" the motor 7 to which it is connected by preventing it from transmission of inadmissible torques generated at the shaft of the corresponding transmission.

    On comprend que dans ce mode préféré de réalisation chaque ensemble constitué par l'arbre et le réducteur qui lui est associé est monté flottant par rapport au sol grâce à la présence de la béquille, mais ces deux ensembles sont indépendants.We understand that in this preferred embodiment each set constituted by the shaft and the reduction gear which is associated with it is mounted floating by relative to the ground thanks to the presence of the crutch, but these two sets are independent.

    La figure 6 montre plus en détail un mode préféré de réalisation du système d'amortissement ou béquille 15 sur lequel est appuyé un des réducteurs 4 par exemple, ou plus précisément le support 41 du réducteur 4.Figure 6 shows in more detail a preferred embodiment of the damping system or stand 15 on which one of the reducers 4 for example, or more precisely the support 41 of the reducer 4.

    Au-dessus de la béquille 15 se trouve l'axe de fixation 41.1 du support 41 du réducteur (non représenté en entier) qui est en appui sur le capteur d'effort 15.1 déjà cité.Above the stand 15 is the fixing pin 41.1 of the support 41 the reducer (not shown in full) which is supported on the force sensor 15.1 already cited.

    Le support 41 et le capteur d'effort 15.1 reposent sur le corps du dispositif d'amortissement 15. Celui-ci peut comprendre un empilement de rondelles Belleville 15.3 qui jouent le rôle d'amortisseurs.The support 41 and the force sensor 15.1 rest on the body of the damping device 15. This may include a stack of Belleville washers 15.3 which act as shock absorbers.

    Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, un vérin hydraulique ou tout autre support d'amortissement peut être utilisé en lieu et place des rondelles Belleville.Without departing from the scope of the invention, a hydraulic cylinder or any other damping support can be used instead of washers Beautiful city.

    Ce système est notamment lié en translation, dans sa partie inférieure, à une pièce 15.4 qui présente des ergots extérieurs 15.5 qui, selon leur position axiale, viennent au contact soit d'un contacteur fin de course "haut" 15.6, soit d'un contacteur fin de course "bas" 15.7. L'ensemble forme le contacteur dit de sécurité 15.2 évoqué ci-avant, relié au moyen 100 d'acquisition et de traitement des données.This system is notably linked in translation, in its lower part, to a part 15.4 which has external pins 15.5 which, depending on their position axial, come into contact with either a "high" limit switch 15.6, or of a "low" limit switch 15.7. The assembly forms the contactor said 15.2 security mentioned above, connected to the means 100 for acquisition and data processing.

    La pièce 15.4 peut donc coulisser, selon les efforts transmis par le réducteur, sur le pied 15.8 de la béquille qui est solidement fixé sur la charpente-support du pré-broyeur ou qui est relié au sol par une poutre intermédiaire.The part 15.4 can therefore slide, depending on the forces transmitted by the reducer, on the stand 15.8 of the stand which is firmly fixed on the support structure of the pre-crusher or which is connected to the ground by a beam intermediate.

    Bien entendu, une béquille 17 structurellement proche de la béquille 15 qui vient d'être décrite, supporte l'autre réducteur 3 de la même façon que la béquille 15 supporte le réducteur 4.Of course, a stand 17 structurally close to the stand 15 which has just been described, supports the other reducer 3 in the same way as the stand 15 supports the reduction gear 4.

    Comme illustré sur la figure 7, les circuits 100 d'acquisition et de traitement de données permet à la fois d'acquérir les données issues des différents capteurs de vitesse, effort, couple et les paramètres liés au fonctionnement de l'installation. Ces acquisitions sont réalisées en permanence. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the circuits 100 for acquiring and data processing allows both to acquire data from different speed, effort, torque and parameters related to the operation of the installation. These acquisitions are made in permanently.

    Par ailleurs, les circuits 100 traitent ces données, en calculent d'autres et peuvent en outre commander chacun des moteurs 7, 8 en fonction des données reçues, et ce quasi instantanément.Furthermore, the circuits 100 process this data, calculate others and can also control each of the motors 7, 8 according to the data received, almost instantly.

    Plus précisément, les circuits 100 commandent au moins un variateur de vitesse (W) lié au moteur 7 de la ligne d'entraínement, mais préférentiellement une commande individuelle de chacun des moteurs 7, 8 sera opérée via un variateur de vitesse.More specifically, the circuits 100 control at least one variator of speed (W) linked to motor 7 of the drive line, but preferably an individual control of each of the motors 7, 8 will be operated via a variable speed drive.

    L'arrêt des moteurs est déclenché soit par une commande manuelle, soit à la suite d'un incident détecté par exemple par une information fournie par des capteurs de déplacement 15.2, 17.2, comme explicité ci-dessus.The engines are stopped either by manual control or following an incident detected for example by information provided by displacement sensors 15.2, 17.2, as explained above.

    En fonction de la nature des éléments à pré-broyer, de leur débit etc., les informations venant des différents capteurs sont différenciées par le moyen 100 qui commande en conséquence la vitesse de rotation de chaque moteur.Depending on the nature of the elements to be pre-ground, their flow rate, etc. information from different sensors is differentiated by the means 100 which consequently controls the speed of rotation of each motor.

    Afin de mieux faire comprendre l'invention, on décrit ci-après une chronologie des réactions des différents moyens constitutifs de l'invention :

  • Lors d'un incident, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'un objet "incompressible" de dimension supérieure à l'entraxe des arbres 12, 14 est entraíné vers les arbres, un couple anormalement élevé est alors créé sur chacun des arbres 12, 14 puisque ceux-ci sont bloqués en rotation au niveau des crocs 16 alors qu'ils continuent d'être entraínés par leurs moteurs respectifs 7, 8.
    • In order to better understand the invention, a chronology of the reactions of the various constituent means of the invention is described below:
  • During an incident, that is to say when an "incompressible" object of dimension greater than the distance between the centers of the trees 12, 14 is driven towards the trees, an abnormally high torque is then created on each of the trees 12 , 14 since these are locked in rotation at the hooks 16 while they continue to be driven by their respective motors 7, 8.

    • Les arbres 12, 14 étant chacun relié à un réducteur "flottant" puisque en appui sur une béquille ou amortisseur 15, 17, cet effort (ou couple) est transmis à chaque amortisseur qui réagit en se déplaçant (vers le haut ou vers le bas).The shafts 12, 14 each being connected to a "floating" reducer since in support on a stand or shock absorber 15, 17, this effort (or torque) is transmitted to each shock absorber which reacts by moving (upwards or the bottom).

    Ainsi, le couple exercé par l'objet "incompressible" sur chaque arbre 12, 14 n'augmente plus, au moins jusqu'à ce que chacun des amortisseurs arrive en butée sur l'un au moins des capteurs 15.2, 17.2. Les amortisseurs 15, 17 permettent ainsi d'amortir l'énergie créée par les efforts exercés sur les arbres 12, 14.Thus, the torque exerted by the "incompressible" object on each shaft 12, 14 does not increase any more, at least until each of the shock absorbers arrives in abutment on at least one of the sensors 15.2, 17.2. Shock absorbers 15, 17 thus allow to absorb the energy created by the forces exerted on the trees 12, 14.

    Les capteurs 15.2, 17.2 sont sollicités dès que l'un des amortisseurs 15, 17 est déplacé de façon importante. Lesdits capteurs 15.2, 17.2 transmettent alors cette information à l'unité 100 qui réagit en désactivant tous les moteurs.The sensors 15.2, 17.2 are activated as soon as one of the dampers 15, 17 is moved significantly. Said sensors 15.2, 17.2 transmit then this information to the unit 100 which reacts by deactivating all the motors.

    Si l'incident précité se produit pendant le démarrage de l'installation, c'est-à-dire lorsque les vitesses des moteurs 7, 8 augmentent, les capteurs 15.2, 17.2 ne détecteront pas nécessairement et en tout cas pas immédiatement le problème. Par contre, le surcouple est alors détecté au niveau d'au moins un limiteur de couple 5 qui désolidarise immédiatement le moteur auquel il est associé 7 ou 8 vis-à-vis du reste de la ligne de transmission.If the above incident occurs during the start of the installation, that is to say when the speeds of the motors 7, 8 increase, the sensors 15.2, 17.2 will not necessarily detect and in any case not immediately the problem. On the other hand, the overtorque is then detected at level of at least one torque limiter 5 which immediately disconnects the motor with which it is associated 7 or 8 vis-à-vis the rest of the line transmission.

    On réalise ainsi une sécurisation de l'installation pendant les phases transitoires et notamment pendant la phase de démarrage.We thus secure the installation during the phases transient and especially during the start-up phase.

    A titre illustratif, les moteurs et réducteurs dont les caractéristiques suivent ont permis d'obtenir la courbe représentée sur la figure 8.By way of illustration, the motors and reducers whose characteristics follow allowed to obtain the curve represented on figure 8.

    Sur la ligne de l'arbre d'entraínement 14, le moteur 8 a une puissance de 129 kW pour une vitesse de rotation de 820 t/min ; sa vitesse maximale étant de 1130 t/min. Le couple nominal du moteur 8 est de 1500 Nm ; son couple maximal de 1800 Nn. Le réducteur associé 4 a une vitesse de rotation de 2,6 t/min et supporte un couple de sortie maximal (admissible à la déformation) de 106 Nm.On the line of the drive shaft 14, the motor 8 has a power of 129 kW for a rotation speed of 820 rpm; its maximum speed being 1130 rpm. The nominal torque of the motor 8 is 1500 Nm; its maximum torque of 1800 Nn. The associated reduction gear 4 has a rotation speed of 2.6 rpm and supports a maximum output torque (admissible for deformation) of 10 6 Nm.

    Sur la ligne de l'arbre de déchiquetage 12, le moteur 7 a une puissance de 396 kW pour une vitesse de rotation de 980 t/min ; sa vitesse maximale est de 1350 t/min. Le couple nominal du moteur 7 est de 3800 Nm et son couple maximal de 6000 Nm. Le réducteur 3 présente une vitesse de rotation de 16 t/min et un couple de sortie maximal admissible à la déformation de l'ordre de 1,5 x 106 Nm.On the line of the shredding shaft 12, the motor 7 has a power of 396 kW for a rotation speed of 980 rpm; its maximum speed is 1350 rpm. The nominal torque of the motor 7 is 3800 Nm and its maximum torque of 6000 Nm. The reduction gear 3 has a rotation speed of 16 rpm and a maximum output torque admissible for deformation of the order of 1.5 x 10 6 Nm.

    Sur la courbe de la figure 8 qui représente différents couples caractéristiques du fonctionnement de l'installation en fonction du temps, on trouve :

    • C1 est le couple maximal préréglé, de l'ordre de 700 000 Nm.
    • C2 est le couple maximal admissible au-delà duquel il y a destruction de l'installation (zone D). C2 est de l'ordre de 820 000 Nm.
    • Pour un couple compris entre C1 et C2, on se trouve encore dans une zone dite "de sécurité" de l'installation (zone S).
    • En deçà de C1, on se trouve dans une zone de fonctionnement normal.
    On the curve of FIG. 8 which represents different couples characteristic of the operation of the installation as a function of time, there are:
    • C 1 is the maximum preset torque, of the order of 700,000 Nm.
    • C 2 is the maximum allowable torque beyond which the installation is destroyed (zone D). C 2 is of the order of 820,000 Nm.
    • For a torque between C 1 and C 2 , we are still in a so-called "safety" zone of the installation (zone S).
    • Below C 1 , we are in a normal operating zone.

    La présente invention permet une action préventive avant que ne survienne la période de la durée d1 pendant laquelle le couple est infini, avec d'énormes risques de casse. Cette durée est couramment de l'ordre de 0,1 s.The present invention allows a preventive action before occurs the period of duration d1 during which the couple is infinite, with huge risk of breakage. This duration is commonly of the order of 0.1 s.

    Dans les installations connues la période d2 durant laquelle il est possible d'intervenir (entre les couples C1 et C2) et qui précède la période d1 est également de l'ordre de 0,1 s.In known installations the period d2 during which it is possible to intervene (between couples C1 and C2) and which precedes the period d1 is also of the order of 0.1 s.

    Grâce à la présence des béquilles cette durée d2 pendant laquelle une intervention est possible est portée à 0,4 s.Thanks to the presence of crutches this duration d2 during which a intervention is possible is increased to 0.4 s.

    L'amélioration apportée par l'invention est donc très bénéfique, notamment quant à la sécurité et à sa durée de vie.The improvement brought by the invention is therefore very beneficial, particularly with regard to safety and its lifespan.

    Claims (11)

    Installation de pré-broyage d'objets comprenant au moins un premier arbre d'entraínement (14) des objets et un deuxième arbre de déchiquetage (12) des objets entraínés, lesdits arbres étant chacun muni de crocs de déchiquetage (16) et étant chacun entraíné en rotation par au moins un moteur (7, 8), un réducteur (3, 4) de la vitesse de chaque moteur (7, 8) étant disposé entre chaque moteur et l'arbre associé (12, 14), l'installation comprenant en outre des moyens de commande desdits moteurs associés à des capteurs de paramètres de fonctionnement de l'installation, et un moyen (100) d'acquisition et de traitement des données, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un cardan (3a, 4a) disposé entre l'arbre de sortie de chaque moteur (7, 8) et l'arbre d'entrée de chaque réducteur (3, 4) et en ce que chaque réducteur est monté en appui sur un moyen d'amortissement (15, 17) ce qui permet d'absorber l'énergie créée par des chocs et/ou des couples supérieurs à un seuil donné au niveau des crocs (16).Installation for pre-shredding objects comprising at least a first drive shaft (14) for the objects and a second shredding shaft (12) for the driven objects, said shafts each being provided with shredding hooks (16) and each being driven in rotation by at least one motor (7, 8), a reduction gear (3, 4) of the speed of each motor (7, 8) being arranged between each motor and the associated shaft (12, 14), the installation further comprising means for controlling said motors associated with sensors for operating parameters of the installation, and means (100) for acquiring and processing data, characterized in that it further comprises a gimbal ( 3a, 4a) disposed between the output shaft of each motor (7, 8) and the input shaft of each reduction gear (3, 4) and in that each reduction gear is mounted in abutment on a damping means (15, 17) which makes it possible to absorb the energy created by shocks and / or higher torques at a given threshold at the fangs (16). Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'amortissement (15) comprend un élément d'amortissement tel qu'un empilement de rondelles Belleville ou un vérin hydraulique.Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping means (15) comprises a damping element such as a stack of Belleville washers or a hydraulic cylinder. Installation de pré-broyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un capteur de sécurité (15.2, 17.2) disposé sur chaque moyen d'amortissement (15, 17) et relié au moyen (100) qui réagit en arrêtant au moins les moteurs d'entraínement (7, 8) lorsque lesdits capteurs (15.2, 17.2) sont actionnés.Pre-grinding installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a safety sensor (15.2, 17.2) disposed on each damping means (15, 17) and connected to the means (100 ) which reacts by stopping at least the drive motors (7, 8) when said sensors (15.2, 17.2) are actuated. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les capteurs comprennent au moins un capteur d'efforts (15.1) placé sur le moyen d'amortissement (15) et relié au moyen (100) d'acquisition et de traitement de données.Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensors comprise at least one force sensor (15.1) placed on the damping means (15) and connected to the acquisition and processing means (100) of data. Installation de pré-broyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre des moyens de désolidarisation (5) entre l'un au moins des arbres (12, 14) et le moteur d'entraínement associé (7, 8).Pre-grinding installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises separation means (5) between at least one of the shafts (12, 14) and the associated drive motor (7, 8). Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de désolidarisation comprennent au moins un limiteur de couple (5).Installation according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the separation means comprise at least one torque limiter (5). Installation selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le limiteur de couple est associé au deuxième arbre (12). Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the torque limiter is associated with the second shaft (12). Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un limiteur de couple (5) associé à chacun des arbres (12, 14).Installation according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises a torque limiter (5) associated with each of the shafts (12, 14). Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les capteurs comprennent au moins un capteur (71, 81) de vitesse associé à au moins un des moteurs d'entraínement (8) et/ou de déchiquetage (7), et relié au moyen (100) d'acquisition et de traitement des données.Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensors comprise at least one speed sensor (71, 81) associated with at least one of the drive (8) and / or shredding (7) motors, and connected to the data acquisition and processing means (100). Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les capteurs comprennent au moins un détecteur placé sur les moyens de désolidarisation (5) afin d'en contrôler le déclenchement, le(s) détecteur(s) étant relié(s) au moyen (100) d'acquisition et de traitement des données.Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensors comprise at least one detector placed on the separation means (5) in order to control the triggering thereof, the detector (s) being connected ) by means (100) of data acquisition and processing. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le(ou lesdits) moteur(s) est un moteur électrique, soit à courant continu, soit à courant alternatif.Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (s) is an electric motor, either direct current or alternating current.
    EP02292972A 2001-12-05 2002-12-03 Improved plant for pre-crushing objects Expired - Lifetime EP1319438B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR0115699 2001-12-05
    FR0115699A FR2832939B1 (en) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 IMPROVED OBJECT GRINDING PLANT

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1319438A1 true EP1319438A1 (en) 2003-06-18
    EP1319438B1 EP1319438B1 (en) 2005-10-12

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP02292972A Expired - Lifetime EP1319438B1 (en) 2001-12-05 2002-12-03 Improved plant for pre-crushing objects

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    US (1) US6836089B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1319438B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE306327T1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2413605C (en)
    DE (1) DE60206588T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2250604T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2832939B1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    JP2004322076A (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-11-18 Komatsu Ltd Crushing control device of shearing crusher
    JP2004322075A (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-11-18 Komatsu Ltd Load display device of crusher
    US20100210386A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-19 Long Jr Thomas F Torque limiter arrangement for a horizontal grinder
    US8162246B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2012-04-24 Randall Long Multiple safety element torque limiter
    AU2011253613B2 (en) * 2010-11-30 2014-08-14 Joy Global Surface Mining Inc Moveable shaft assembly
    JP5967833B2 (en) * 2013-12-12 2016-08-10 株式会社キンキ 2-axis type bag breaking device
    CN109174369A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-11 湖北力帝机床股份有限公司 A kind of floating cutter head structure and control method for prebreaker

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    FR2292520A1 (en) * 1974-11-26 1976-06-25 Gaemmerler Hagen VIBRATING CRUSHER, ESPECIALLY FOR STONE
    DD134921A1 (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-04-04 Bernd Pester DRIVE FOR ROLLING MILLS
    US4346850A (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-08-31 Mitts & Merrill Inc. Shredding machine incorporating a torque cushioning assembly
    WO1998007519A1 (en) * 1996-08-21 1998-02-26 Compagnie Française Des Ferrailles Coarse crushing plant

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    US6836089B2 (en) 2004-12-28
    EP1319438B1 (en) 2005-10-12
    FR2832939B1 (en) 2004-02-27
    CA2413605A1 (en) 2003-06-05
    FR2832939A1 (en) 2003-06-06
    CA2413605C (en) 2010-11-30
    ATE306327T1 (en) 2005-10-15
    ES2250604T3 (en) 2006-04-16
    US20030102827A1 (en) 2003-06-05
    DE60206588D1 (en) 2006-02-23
    DE60206588T2 (en) 2006-07-13

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