EP1300200A1 - Method and apparatus for selecting plastics and other materials on the basis of colour and composition - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for selecting plastics and other materials on the basis of colour and composition Download PDFInfo
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- EP1300200A1 EP1300200A1 EP02022206A EP02022206A EP1300200A1 EP 1300200 A1 EP1300200 A1 EP 1300200A1 EP 02022206 A EP02022206 A EP 02022206A EP 02022206 A EP02022206 A EP 02022206A EP 1300200 A1 EP1300200 A1 EP 1300200A1
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- Prior art keywords
- material particles
- spectrometer
- inclined plane
- channel
- nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3422—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour using video scanning devices, e.g. TV-cameras
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
- B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the separation of materials Part 1 of claim 1.
- it relates to the separation of Plastics of various types such.
- B. the selection of polyethylene terephthalate in blends with polyolefins, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. as well for sorting out of different colored plastics under colorless plastics and for the removal of metals and other substances, such as As aluminum, wood, paper, etc. in process streams for recycling of recyclable materials.
- the process is exemplary in the recycling process of plastics that come from beverage bottles and already at least once with mineral water or soft drinks or with alienated with Pollutants filled were explained. It is however in the same way, also to the Separation of various components of other free-flowing multicomponents Suitable mixtures.
- the basic principle of sorters according to the prior art consists in that the material to be sorted when passing through parabolic webs in the air in Case of bad detection of perpendicular to the trajectory nozzle jet pulses so distracted that they are in a separate collection container for land lower-grade plastics. Because of the statistically strongly fluctuating Shape and fluctuating weight of the plastic pieces gives way to the respective trajectory However, the plastic pieces partly strong from the parabolic shape, which is why the sorting nozzles to avoid collisions with the plastic pieces in large Distance from the ideal trajectory must be mounted. From this distance the passing bad substances are no longer concentrated Jet detected directly before the nozzle opening selectively, but only from a widened and turbulence-prone, weak jet distracted uncertainly together with nearby acceptances. The episode is a mixture of high and low quality plastics associated with a loss of quality and a loss of volume of the high-quality plastic fraction. Both disadvantages lead to economic problems that affect the economy endanger the overall process.
- the object is achieved by a method for the identification and separation of material particles, in particular for the detection of colorations and for the identification of various types of plastic and contaminated with contaminants plastics using at least one lighting unit, at least one optical spectrometer with analysis unit for the measurement and evaluation of spectra and a separation unit, wherein the material particles are classified during their path on an inclined plane by an optical recognition system and separated according to the classification in the separation unit in at least 2 material fractions. solved.
- the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method, the at least one illumination unit at least one separation unit with at least one optical spectrometer with analysis unit for the measurement and evaluation of spectra of the material particles, an inclined plane for transporting the material particles and a separating device, the Particles according to the signals of the spectrometer in at least two fractions separates.
- the at least one spectrometer can be selected from Fluorescence spectrometers, IR spectrometers, UVNIS spectrometers.
- the plastic parts illuminating light source for generating fluorescent light another Light source used to irradiate the plastic particles and in particular to efficiently enhance color recognition and detection non-fluorescent and / or non-transparent fabrics, e.g. from Wood or metal particles, serves.
- the separation unit can have a plurality of channel-shaped channels into which Low point of the cross section profile clocked nozzles for sorting more characteristic Material particles are integrated in at least two material fractions.
- Several nozzles can be accommodated in each channel channel on one surface which is not larger than the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted is.
- the channel channels preferably have a depression to guide the particles to the nozzle.
- the inclined plane has channel troughs, wherein in each Channel gutter several nozzles are housed on a surface that is not larger as the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted.
- the nozzles are designed as supersonic nozzles. All nozzles are preferably supplied with compressed air via a common transverse pipe (18) and pulsed on and off under the control of the analysis unit. For example. However, the material particles can also be lifted out of the channel via a weak jet and then sucked off via a hood pressurized with negative pressure.
- the channels of the inclined plane may be closed in the section between material application and the separating device on the top, wherein within the channels, a gas flow is generated, which supports the acceleration of the material particles during the slide down and keeps it at a steady speed. It may be useful that the channels of the inclined plane ends immediately after the nozzles and the trajectories of the material supports supported by a baffle directly in the collection containers.
- the separation unit the Faculty Sort Schlierenden material particles via a corona discharge on a Metal tip above the flow of material in each channel an electrical charge spray on and these selectively charged material particles then during a free fall deflected by an electric field and thus separated become.
- the sliding on an inclined plane plastic parts illuminated with optical radiation, wherein, for example, from the plastic parts as Sequence of fluorescence emitted by spectral analysis of the fluorescence Plastic type, if necessary the color and possible contamination of the respective plastic particle as a result of foreign substances and recognized as inferior Plastic parts from a nozzle integrated in the inclined plane with a Compressed air pulse to be ejected.
- Essential for the invention is the The fact that the compressed air opening integrated in the inclined plane serves as a nozzle for Generation of a concentrated bundled high speed flow, even at supersonic speed, for example, as a Laval nozzle is formed.
- the system shown in Fig. 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention has a conveyor unit 4 for the material particles 14, an inclined plane thirteenth with supersonic nozzles 15, lighting devices 6, 7 for fluorescence, one Separation unit for high-quality and low-grade material, an optical one Spectrometer 10 with beam scanner, evaluation unit and valve control
- a conveyor unit 4 for the material particles 14 for carrying out the method according to the invention
- the contained in a reservoir 1 optically to be analyzed and then separated into different fractions 2 and 3 particulate material 14 with a conveyor system 4 on the inclined plane 5, over which it slides down by gravity.
- the channel grooves on a recess as shown in Fig. 4a can be seen.
- the channels of the inclined plane end immediately after the nozzles 21 and the trajectories of the material particles 14 ends, supported by a separating plate ends directly in the collecting containers.
- nozzles 15 are supplied via a common cross tube 18 with compressed air and pulsed under the control of the analysis unit switched on and off.
- the respective Nozzle 15 is connected via a stub 19 and the high-speed valve 20 with the Cross channel 18 connected
- the opening and closing function of the respective quick-acting valve 20 takes place after activation by the analysis unit 11 according to FIG. 1.
- An essential part of the invention is based on the use of high-speed, in particular supersonic nozzles 15. The latter is due to the fact that for economic reasons, a minimum mass flow of material particles 14th must be supported by the arrangement. so the particle speed on the inclined plane reaches 13 values, which is a maximum speed of a Supersonic jet 21 require to prevent. that too many, high quality Material particles 14 before or after the Ausblaslui of each devissortierenden Undesirable into the inferior fraction.
- the inclined plane 13 from Fig.2 consists according to Fig, 4a / b of numerous channel-shaped Tracks 30, which are concave in cross-section 31 and a formed precise guidance of the material particles 14 relative to the nozzle openings 15 guarantee.
- the lighting of the material ponds 14 takes place here for excitation with light from both 2 sides by means of two light sources 36 and 37.
- the latter are with a translucent disc 23 made of quartz glass, facing the Channel has a smaller angle of inclination to a smooth transition to reach between gutter and glass.
- the respectively on the spectrometer with analysis system 11 according to FIG. 1 fluorescent light beam is through the beam 22nd shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- FIG. Light source 41 which transilluminates the material particles with a downstream color spectrometer e.g. made of milky polyolefins or from Aluminum existing caps identified by beverage bottles become.
- a downstream color spectrometer e.g. made of milky polyolefins or from Aluminum existing caps identified by beverage bottles become.
- contaminants such as e.g. Wood and metal foils are identified and rejected.
- the Light passage through the channel 30 through a UV-radiation reflecting filter 38 the radiation of the light source for the excitation of fluorescent light on the Bottom of the plastic parts directs, in combination with an optical High pass filter 40, which light a halogen light source 41 above a Wavelength of about 480 nm for spectral analysis passes allows.
- the filter 38 is protected by a protective plate 42 against wear, in particular mechanical, protected.
- the particle separation takes place by that the particles to be sorted out according to FIG. 4c via a high voltage corona discharge 43 is sprayed on a metal tip 44, an electric charge and these electrostatically charged material particles subsequently during the free fall distracted by an electric field 45 and thus in the fractions high-quality 46 and low-grade plastics 47 are separated.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Trennung von Materialien nach Teil 1 des Patentanspruches 1. Insbesondere bezieht es sich auf die Trennung von Kunststoffen verschiedener Typen wie z. B. die Selektierung von Polyethylenteraphtalat in Mischungen mit Polyolefinen, Polycarbonat, Polyvinylchlorid, etc. sowie zur Aussortierung von mit verschiedenen Farben eingefärbten Kunststoffen unter farblosen Kunststoffen und zur Ausscheidung von Metallen und anderen Stoffen, wie z. B. Aluminium, Holz, Papier etc. in Prozessströmen, die zur Wiederverwertung von Wertstoffen konzipiert sind. Das Verfahren sei beispielhaft am Recyclingprozess von Kunststoffen, welche aus Getränkeflaschen stammen und bereits mindestens einmal mit Mineralwasser oder Softdrinks oder zweckentfremdet mit Schadstoffen befüllt waren erläutert. Es ist jedoch in gleicher Weise, auch zur Trennung verschiedener Bestandteile anderer rieselfähiger Multikomponenten Stoffgemische geeignet.The present invention relates to a method for the separation of materials Part 1 of claim 1. In particular, it relates to the separation of Plastics of various types such. B. the selection of polyethylene terephthalate in blends with polyolefins, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. as well for sorting out of different colored plastics under colorless plastics and for the removal of metals and other substances, such as As aluminum, wood, paper, etc. in process streams for recycling of recyclable materials. The process is exemplary in the recycling process of plastics that come from beverage bottles and already at least once with mineral water or soft drinks or with alienated with Pollutants filled were explained. It is however in the same way, also to the Separation of various components of other free-flowing multicomponents Suitable mixtures.
Zur Herstellung von Kunststoff Getränkeflaschen - bspw. aus Polyethylenteraphtalat PET wird in der Regel neues Material, welches aus Polymerisationsprozessen stammt, verwendet, In neuerer Zeit geht man jedoch dazu über die bereits als Lebensmittelverpackungen verwendeten Gebinde nach einem Recyclingprozess wieder für die Verpackung von Lebensmitteln, insbesondere für Getränkeflaschen, einzusetzen. Der Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise liegt einerseits in einem günstigeren Preis für das recyclierte PET Material im Vergleich zu Neumaterial und andererseits darin. daß die Entsorgungsproblematik für gebrauchte Kunststoffe entfällt. Zur Garantie der Lebensmittelqualität müssen jedoch zusätzliche sensorsystemtechnische Massnahmen, mit dem Ziel der Aussortierung unzulässiger Bestandteile getroffen werden, welche die Vorschriften der internationalen Gesetzgebung erfüllenFor the production of plastic beverage bottles - eg made of polyethylene terephthalate PET is usually new material, which consists of polymerization processes originates, used, in more recent time one goes however over it already as food packaging used containers after a recycling process again for the packaging of food, especially for drinks bottles, use. The advantage of this approach is on the one hand in a cheaper Price for the recycled PET material compared to virgin material and on the other hand in this. that the disposal problem for used plastics is eliminated. to However, food quality warranties need additional sensor system engineering Measures taken with the aim of sorting out inadmissible components which comply with the rules of international law
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden derzeit die zu recyclierenden Kunststoffteile, z. B. Getränkeflaschen oder andere Lebensmittelverpackungen, in kleine Stücke mit den Kantenlängen von 5 bis 12 mm zerkleinert, einem kontinuierlichen Reinigungsprozess unterzogen und danach mit einem Kamerasystemen auf Farben geprüft. Alle gefärbten Kunststoffteile werden in einem sich anschliessenden Sortierer aus dem Plastikstrom über Luftdüsen herausgeblasen und zu niederwertigeren Kunststoffen weiterverarbeitet. In weiterentwickelten Anordnungen gemäß dem Stand der Technik erfolgt zusätzlich eine Aussortierung von PVC - Kunststoffteilen, indem ausgenutzt wird, daß durch Erhitzung eine Schwärzung dieses Kunststofftyps auftritt weiche vom Farbsortierer erkannt wird.According to the state of the art, currently the plastic parts to be recycled, z. As beverage bottles or other food packaging, in small Pieces chopped with the edge lengths of 5 to 12 mm, a continuous Subjected to cleaning process and then with a camera systems on colors checked. All colored plastic parts are in a subsequent sorter blown out of the plastic stream via air nozzles and to niedwertigeren Plastics further processed. In further developed arrangements according to the According to the state of the art, a sorting out of PVC plastic parts additionally takes place. exploiting that by heating a blackening of this type of plastic occurs soft from the color sorter is detected.
Das Grundprinzip von Sortierern gemäß dem Stand der Technik besteht - darin, daß das zu sortierende Material beim Durchlaufen von Parabelbahnen in der Luft im Falle der Schlechtdetektion von senkrecht zur Flugbahn verlaufenden Düsenstrahlimpulsen so abgelenkt worden, dass sie in einem separaten Auffangbehätter für niederwertigere Kunststoffe landen. Wegen der statistisch stark schwankenden Form und schwankendem Gewicht der Kunststoffstücke weicht die jeweilige Flugbahn der Kunststoffstücke jedoch zum Teil stark von der Parabelform ab, weshalb die Sortierdüsen zur Vermeidung von Kollisionen mit den Kunststoffstücken in grossem Abstand von der Idealflugbahn montiert werden müssen. Aus dieser Entfernung werden die vorbeifliegenden Schlechtstoffe nicht mehr vom konzentrierten Düsenstrahl unmittelbar vor der Düsenöffnung selektiv erfasst, sondern nur noch von einem aufgeweiteten und mit Turbolenzen behafteten, schwachen Düsenstrahl zusammen mit sich in der Nähe befindlichem Gutstoff unsicher abgelenkt. Die Folge ist eine Vermischung von hoch- und niederwertigen Kunststoffen verbunden mit einem Qualitätsverlust sowie einem Mengenverlust der hochwertigen Kunststofffraktion. Beide Nachteile führen zu wirtschaflichen Problemen, die die Ökonomie des, Gesamtprozesses gefährden.The basic principle of sorters according to the prior art consists in that the material to be sorted when passing through parabolic webs in the air in Case of bad detection of perpendicular to the trajectory nozzle jet pulses so distracted that they are in a separate collection container for land lower-grade plastics. Because of the statistically strongly fluctuating Shape and fluctuating weight of the plastic pieces gives way to the respective trajectory However, the plastic pieces partly strong from the parabolic shape, which is why the sorting nozzles to avoid collisions with the plastic pieces in large Distance from the ideal trajectory must be mounted. From this distance the passing bad substances are no longer concentrated Jet detected directly before the nozzle opening selectively, but only from a widened and turbulence-prone, weak jet distracted uncertainly together with nearby acceptances. The episode is a mixture of high and low quality plastics associated with a loss of quality and a loss of volume of the high-quality plastic fraction. Both disadvantages lead to economic problems that affect the economy endanger the overall process.
Es ist demgegenüber Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden.It is accordingly an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art to avoid the technique.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zur Identifikation und zur
Separation von Materialteilchen, insbesondere zur Erkennung von Einfärbungen
sowie zur Identifizierung von verschiedenen Kunststofftypen und von mit Kontaminationen
verunreinigten Kunststoffen unter Verwendung von
mindestens einer Beleuchtungseinheit,
mindestens einem optischen Spektrometer mit Analyseeinheit zur Messung und
Auswertung von Spektren sowie
einer Separationseinheit, wobei die Materialteilchen während ihres Weges auf einer
schiefen Ebene durch ein optisches Erkennungssystem klassifiziert werden und
entsprechend der Klassifizierung in der Separationseinheit in mindestens 2 Materialfraktionen
getrennt werden. gelöst. Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auch auf
eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, die mindestens eine Beleuchtungseinheit
mindestens eine Separationseinheit mit mindestens einem optischen
Spektrometer mit Analyseeinheit zur Messung und Auswertung von Spektren der
Materialteilchen, einer schiefen Ebene zum Transport der Materialteilchen und einer
Trenneinrichtung, die die Teilchen entsprechend den Signalen des Spektrometers in
mindestens 2 Fraktionen trennt, aufweist.The object is achieved by a method for the identification and separation of material particles, in particular for the detection of colorations and for the identification of various types of plastic and contaminated with contaminants plastics using
at least one lighting unit,
at least one optical spectrometer with analysis unit for the measurement and evaluation of spectra and
a separation unit, wherein the material particles are classified during their path on an inclined plane by an optical recognition system and separated according to the classification in the separation unit in at least 2 material fractions. solved. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method, the at least one illumination unit at least one separation unit with at least one optical spectrometer with analysis unit for the measurement and evaluation of spectra of the material particles, an inclined plane for transporting the material particles and a separating device, the Particles according to the signals of the spectrometer in at least two fractions separates.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.
Falls verschiedene Spektrenbereiche bzw. physikalische Phänomene zur Identifikation der zu separierenden Teilchen ausgewertet werden sollen/müssen, kann es vorteilhaft sein., daß die Materialteilchen von zusätzlichen Strahlungsquellen mit einem anderen Emissions-Spektrum be/durchstrahlt werden und der resultierende optische Transmissions/Reflexionsstrahl mit mindestens einem dafür geeignetem Spektrometer erfasst wird.If different spectral ranges or physical phenomena for identification the particles to be separated should / must be evaluated, it can be advantageous., That the material particles of additional radiation sources with a different emission spectrum be / irradiated and the resulting optical transmission / reflection beam with at least one suitable Spectrometer is detected.
Dabei kann bevorzugt das mindestens eine Spektrometer ausgewählt sein aus Fluoreszenz-Spektrometern, IR-Spektrometern, UVNIS-Spektrometern.In this case, preferably, the at least one spectrometer can be selected from Fluorescence spectrometers, IR spectrometers, UVNIS spectrometers.
In einer Ausbildung der Erfindung wird zusätzlich zu einer, die Kunststoffteile beleuchtenden Lichtquelle zur Erzeugung von Fluoreszenzlicht eine weitere Lichtquelle eingesetzt, die zur Durchstrahlung der Kunststoffteilchen und insbesondere zur effizienten Verbesserung der Erkennung von Farben sowie zur Erkennung von nicht fluoreszierenden und/oder nicht transparenten Stoffen, wie z.B. von Holz oder von Metallteilchen, dient.In one embodiment of the invention, in addition to one, the plastic parts illuminating light source for generating fluorescent light another Light source used to irradiate the plastic particles and in particular to efficiently enhance color recognition and detection non-fluorescent and / or non-transparent fabrics, e.g. from Wood or metal particles, serves.
Die Separationseinheit kann mehrere rinnenförmige Kanäle aufweisen, in welche im Tiefpunkt des Querschnittproflils getaktete Düsen zur Aussortierung charakteristischer Materialteilchen in mindestens zwei Materialfraktionen integriert sind. Dabei können mehrere Düsen in jeder Kanalrinne auf einer Fläche untergebracht sein, die nicht größer ist als die Fläche des kleinsten zu sortierenden Materialteilchens ist. Bevorzugt weisen im Bereich der Düse die Kanalrinnen eine Vertiefung auf, um die Teilchen an die Düse zu führen.The separation unit can have a plurality of channel-shaped channels into which Low point of the cross section profile clocked nozzles for sorting more characteristic Material particles are integrated in at least two material fractions. Several nozzles can be accommodated in each channel channel on one surface which is not larger than the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted is. In the region of the nozzle, the channel channels preferably have a depression to guide the particles to the nozzle.
Es kann sinnvoll sein, daß die schiefe Ebene Kanalrinnen aufweist, wobei in jeder Kanalrinne mehrere Düsen auf einer Fläche untergebracht sind, die nicht größer ist als die Fläche des kleinsten zu sortierenden Materialteilchens ist.It may be useful that the inclined plane has channel troughs, wherein in each Channel gutter several nozzles are housed on a surface that is not larger as the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Düsen als Überschalldüsen ausgebildet. Alle Düsen
werden bevorzugt über ein gemeinsames Querrohr (18) mit Druckluft versorgt und
gepulst unter Ansteuerung durch die Analyseeinheit ein- und ausgeschaltet.
Bspw. können die Materialteilchen aber auch über einen schwachen Düsenstrahl
aus dem Kanal angehoben und anschliessend über eine mit Unterdruck beaufschlagte
Haube abgesaugt werden.Advantageously, the nozzles are designed as supersonic nozzles. All nozzles are preferably supplied with compressed air via a common transverse pipe (18) and pulsed on and off under the control of the analysis unit.
For example. However, the material particles can also be lifted out of the channel via a weak jet and then sucked off via a hood pressurized with negative pressure.
Dabei können die Kanäle der schiefen Ebene im Abschnitt zwischen Materialaufgabe
und der Separiereinrichtung auf der Oberseite verschlossen sein , wobei
innerhalb der Kanäle ein Gasstrom erzeugt wird, der die Beschleunigung der Materialteilchen
während dem Hinabrutschen unterstützt und im weiteren Verlauf auf
gleichmässiger Geschwindigkeit hält.
Es kann sinnvoll sein, daß die Kanäle der schiefen Ebene unmittelbar nach den
Düsen enden und die Flugbahnen der Materialteilchen unterstützt durch ein
Trennblech direkt in den Sammelbehältern enden.In this case, the channels of the inclined plane may be closed in the section between material application and the separating device on the top, wherein within the channels, a gas flow is generated, which supports the acceleration of the material particles during the slide down and keeps it at a steady speed.
It may be useful that the channels of the inclined plane ends immediately after the nozzles and the trajectories of the material supports supported by a baffle directly in the collection containers.
Anstelle oder gemeinsam mit dem Düsenstrahlverfahren kann die Separationseinheit den auszusortierenden Materialteilchen über eine Koronaentladung an einer Metallspitze über dem Materialstrom in jedem Kanal eine elektrische Ladung aufsprühen und diese so selektiv geladenen Materialteilchen anschliessend während eines freien Falls durch ein elektrisches Feld abgelenkt und somit separiert werden.Instead of or together with the jet stream method, the separation unit the auszusortierenden material particles via a corona discharge on a Metal tip above the flow of material in each channel an electrical charge spray on and these selectively charged material particles then during a free fall deflected by an electric field and thus separated become.
Durch die Erfindung ist es möglich, eine verbesserte Trennung der verschiedenen Materialfraktionen zu erzielen. By the invention it is possible, an improved separation of the various To achieve material fractions.
Es kann auch sinnvoll sein, daß die über einen schwachen Düsenstrahl aus dem Kanal angehobenen Materialteilchen anschliessend über eine mit Unterdruck beaufschlagte Haube abgesaugt werden.It may also be useful that the over a weak jet from the Channel raised material particles then on one with negative pressure be charged hood sucked.
Erfindungsgemäss werden die auf einer schiefen Ebene gleitenden Kunststoffteile mit optischer Strahlung beleuchtet, wobei bspw. aus der von den Kunststoffteilen als Folge der Beleuchtung ausgesandten Fluoreszenz durch Spektralanalyse der Kunststofftyp, ggf. die Farbe und eventuelle Kontaminationen des jeweiligen Kunststoffteilchens infolge von Fremdstoffen ermittelt werden und als minderwertig erkannte Kunststoffteile von einer in der schiefen Ebene integrierten Düse mit einem Druckluftimpuls ausgestossen werden. Für die Erfindung wesentlich ist dabei die Tatsache, dass die in der schiefen Ebene integrierte Druckluftöffnung als Düse zur Erzeugung einer konzentriert gebündelten Hochgeschwindigkeitsströmung, sogar mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit, z.B, als Lavaldüse, ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, the sliding on an inclined plane plastic parts illuminated with optical radiation, wherein, for example, from the plastic parts as Sequence of fluorescence emitted by spectral analysis of the fluorescence Plastic type, if necessary the color and possible contamination of the respective plastic particle as a result of foreign substances and recognized as inferior Plastic parts from a nozzle integrated in the inclined plane with a Compressed air pulse to be ejected. Essential for the invention is the The fact that the compressed air opening integrated in the inclined plane serves as a nozzle for Generation of a concentrated bundled high speed flow, even at supersonic speed, for example, as a Laval nozzle is formed.
Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand
der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung näher erläutert, auf
die diese keineswegs beschränkt ist. Dabei zeigt:
In den Figuren werden gleich wirkende Einrichtungen mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.In the figures, the same acting devices with the same reference numerals designated.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens
besitzt eine Fördereinheit 4 für die Materialteilchen 14, eine schiefe Ebene 13
mit Überschalldüsen 15, Beleuchtungseinrichtungen 6, 7 für Fluoreszenz, eine
Separationseinheit für hochwertiges und niederwertiges Material, ein optisches
Spektrometer 10 mit Strahlscanner, Auswerteeinheit und Ventilansteuerung
Dabei wird, wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, das in einem Vorratsbehälter 1 enthaltene optisch
zu analysierende und anschliessend in verschiedene Fraktionen 2 und 3 zu trennende
teilchenförmige Material 14 mit einem Fördersystem 4 auf die schiefe Ebene
5 gebracht, über die es durch Schwerkraftwirkung hinabgleitet. Bei Beleuchtung mit
den Lichtquellen 6 und 7 mit hohem UV-Anteil emittieren die meisten Kunststoff-Materialteilchen
Fluoreszenzlicht 8 , welches mit einem an sich bekannten Scannersystem
9 quer zur Transportrichtung auf der gesamten Breite der schiefen Ebene
erfasst und auf ein optisches Spektrometer 10 geleitet wird. Ein ebenfalls an sich
bekanntes Analysesystem 11 berechnet aus den Spektren sowohl den Typ des jeweiligen
Kunststoffes, als auch die Farbe, als auch eventuelle Verunreinigungen der
Kunststoffpartikel, z.B. durch Benzin, Diesel, Motoröl, Farbverdünner, Urin, Pflanzenschutzmittel
etc. Sofern reines, d.h. für Lebensmittelverpackungen geeignetes
Kunststoffmaterial, wie Polyethylen, detektiert wird, läuft es per Schwerkraft in den
Kanal 2 und wird dem Kunststoffrecycling für Getränkeflaschen oder für andere Lebensmittelverpackungen
zugeführt. Sollten Kontaminationen oder Einfärbungen
oder andere Kunststoffmaterialien vorliegen, werden die so klassifizierten Materialteilchen
per Überschallstrahl in den Kanal 3 abgelenkt und im Rahmen einer
Wiederverwertung zur Erzeugung untergeordneter Kunststoffe eingesetzt.The system shown in Fig. 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention
has a conveyor unit 4 for the
Hier weisen im Bereich der Düse die Kanalrinnen eine Vertiefung auf, wie aus Fig.
4a ersichtlich.
Die Kanäle der schiefen Ebene enden unmittelbar nach den Düsen 21 und die
Flugbahnen der Materialteilchen 14 enden, unterstützt durch ein Trennblech direkt
in den Sammelbehältern enden. Here, in the region of the nozzle, the channel grooves on a recess, as shown in Fig. 4a can be seen.
The channels of the inclined plane end immediately after the
Hier werden alle Düsen 15 über ein gemeinsames Querrohr 18 mit Druckluft versorgt
und gepulst unter Ansteuerung durch die Analyseeinheit ein- und ausgeschaltet.Here all
Beim Verfahren zur erfindungsgemäßen Trennung der Materialteilchen per Vielfach
Überschall - Düsensystem gemäss Fig, 2, Fig. 3 und Fig. 4a/b wird das vom Vibrationslinearförderer
12 auf die schiefe Ebene 13 gelangende Teilchenmaterial 14
durch die Überschalldüse 15 in den Recyclingkanal 16 für minderwertigere Kunststoffe
bzw. alternativ in den Recyclingkanal 17 für lebensmitteltaugliche Kunststoffe
per Schwerkraft sortiert. Quer zur Transportrichtung sind eine Vielzahl von identischen
Düsen 15 in den Figuren in ihrer Gesamtheit nicht dargestellt, im Abstand
der Abmessungen der Materialteiichen 14 angeordnet. Sämtliche Düsen 15, 25
werden mit ölfreier, trockener Druckluft über den Querkanal 18 versorgt. Die jeweilige
Düse 15 ist über eine Stichleitung 19 und das Schnellschaltventil 20 mit dem
Querkanal 18 verbunden Die Öffnungs- und Schließfunktion des jeweiligen Schnellschaltventils
20 erfolgt nach Ansteuerung durch die Analyseeinheit 11 gemäß Fig. 1.
Ein wesentlicher Teil der Erfindung beruht auf dem Einsatz von Hochgeschwindigkeits-,
insbesondere Überschalldüsen 15. Letzteres ist dadurch bedingt, dass
aus Wirtschaftlichkeitsgründen ein Mindestmassenstrom von Materialteilchen 14
durch die Anordnung gefördert werden muß. so dass die Teilchengeschwindigkeit
auf der schiefen Ebene 13 Werte erreicht, die eine maximale Geschwindigkeit eines
Überschallstrahles 21 erfordern, um zu verhindern. dass zu viele, hochwertige
Materialteilchen 14 vor bzw. nach dem Ausblasprozess des jeweils auszusortierenden
Teilchens unerwünscht in die minderwertige Fraktion geleitet werden.
Die schiefe Ebene 13 aus Fig.2 besteht gemäß Fig, 4a/b aus zahlreichen rinnenförmigen
Spuren 30 , die konkav gemäß Querschnitt 31 ausgebildet sind und eine
präzise Führung der Materialteilchen 14 relativ zu den Düsenöffnungen 15
gewährleisten. Vorteilhafterweise ist jede Düseneinheit gemäß Fig. 4a/b mit
mehreren Düsenöffnungen 15 versehen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass das für
Überschallgeschwindigkeit erforderliche kritische Expansionsverhältnis auf jeden
Fall erreicht wird und dass ein auf die Materialteilchenfläche gleichmässig verteilter
mechanischer Kraftstoß resultiert. In the process for the separation of the material particles according to the invention by a multiple
Supersonic nozzle system according to Fig, 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4a / b is that of the vibrating
Die Beleuchtung der Materialteichen 14 erfolgt hier zur Anregung mit Licht von beiden
Seiten gemäss Fig. 2 mittels zwei Lichtquellen 36 und 37. Um den Lichtdurchgang
durch die rinnenförmigen Spuren 30, 31 zu gewährleisten, sind letztere mit
einer lichtdurchlässigen Scheibe 23 aus Quarzglas versehen, die gegenüber der
Rinne einen kleineren Neigungswinkel aufweist, um einen störungsfreien Übergang
zwischen Rinne und Glas zu erreichen. Der jeweils auf das Spektrometer mit Analysesystem
11 gemäss Fig.1 treffende Fluoreszenzlichtstrahl ist durch die Strahlne 22
in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellt.The lighting of the
Zur Optimierung der Farberkennung ist in der Ausführungsform der Fig. 5 eine
Lichtquelle 41, die die Materialteilchen durchleuchtet wobei mit einem
nachgeschalteten Farbspektrometer z.B. die aus milchigen Polyolefinen oder aus
Aluminium bestehenden Verschlußkappen von Getränkeflaschen identifiziert
werden. Mit dieser Anordnung können insbesondere auch Störstoffe, wie z.B. Holz
und Metallfolien identifiziert und ausgeschleust werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird der
Lichtdurchtritt durch die Rinne 30 durch ein UV-Strahlung reflektierendes Filter 38,
das die Strahlung der Lichtquelle zur Anregung von Fluoreszenzlicht auf die
Unterseite der Kunststoffteile lenkt, in Kombination mit einem optischen
Hochpassfilter 40 , welches Licht einer Halogenlichtquelle 41 oberhalb einer
Wellenlange von ca. 480 nm zur Spektralanalyse durchläßt, ermöglicht. Das Filter
38 wird durch eine Schutzscheibe 42 vor Verschleiss, insbesondere mechanischem,
geschützt.In order to optimize the color recognition, in the embodiment of
In einer besonderen Ausbildung der Erfindung erfolgt die Partikelrennung dadurch,
daß den auszusortierenden Teilchen gemäß Fig. 4c über eine Hochspannungskoronaentladung
43 an einer Metallspitze 44 eine elektrische Ladung aufgesprüht wird
und diese elektrostatisch geladenen Materialteilchen anschliessend während des
freien Falls durch ein elektrisches Feld 45 abgelenkt und somit in die Fraktionen
hochwertige 46 und niederwertige Kunststoffe 47 separiert werden.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the particle separation takes place by
that the particles to be sorted out according to FIG. 4c via a high
Während die Erfindung anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und möglicher Alternativen beschrieben worden ist, sind dem Fachmann, an den sich diese Beschreibung richtet, mannigfache alternative Anordnungen und Auslegungen zur Durchführung der Erfindung, wie sie durch die Ansprüche definiert wird, offensichtlich und geläufig. While the invention based on a preferred embodiment and possible Alternatives have been described to those skilled in this description directed, manifold alternative arrangements and interpretations to Implementation of the invention as defined by the claims, obviously and common.
- 11
- Vorratsbehälterreservoir
- 22
- Fraktion oder KanalFaction or channel
- 33
- Fraktionfraction
- 44
- Fördersystemconveyor system
- 55
- schiefe Ebeneinclined plane
- 66
- Lichtquellelight source
- 77
- Lichtquellelight source
- 88th
- Fluoreszenzlichtfluorescent light
- 99
- Scannersystemscanner system
- 1010
- Spektrometerspectrometer
- 1111
- Analysesystem oder AnalyseeinheitAnalysis system or analysis unit
- 1212
- VibrationslinearfördererLinear vibratory conveyor
- 1313
- schiebe Ebeneslide level
- 1414
- Teilchenmaterialparticulate
- 1515
- Überschalldüse oder DüsenöffnungSupersonic nozzle or nozzle opening
- 1616
- Recyclingkanalrecycling channel
- 1717
- Recyclingkanalrecycling channel
- 1818
- QuerkanalQuerkanal
- 1919
- Stichleitungstub
- 2020
- SchnellschaltventilFast switching valve
- 2121
- ÜberschallstrahlSupersonic jet
- 2222
- Strahlbeam
- 2323
- Scheibedisc
- 2525
- Überschalldüse oder DüsenöffnungSupersonic nozzle or nozzle opening
- 3030
- Spuren, RinnenTraces, gutters
- 3131
- Querschnitt durch 30Cross section through 30
- 3636
- Lichtquellelight source
- 3737
- Lichtquellelight source
- 3838
- Filterfilter
- 3939
- UV-LichtquelleUV-light source
- 4040
- HochpassfilterHigh Pass Filter
- 4141
- Lichtquelle light source
- 4242
- Schutzscheibewindscreen
- 4343
- HochspannungskoronaentladungHigh-voltage corona discharge
- 4444
- Metallspitzemetal tip
- 4545
- elektrisches Feldelectric field
- 4646
- Kunststoffeplastics
- 4747
- Kunststoffeplastics
Claims (10)
mindestens einer Beleuchtungseinheit,
mindestens einem optischen Spektrometer mit Analyseeinheit zur Messung und Auswertung von Spektren sowie
einer Separationseinheit,
wobei die Materialteilchen während ihres Weges auf einer schiefen Ebene durch ein optisches Erkennungssystem klassifiziert werden und entsprechend der Klassifizierung in der Separationseinheit in mindestens 2 Materialfraktionen getrennt werden.Process for the identification and separation of material particles, in particular for the detection of colorings and for the identification of various types of plastics and of contaminated plastics using
at least one lighting unit,
at least one optical spectrometer with analysis unit for the measurement and evaluation of spectra and
a separation unit,
wherein the material particles are classified during their path on an inclined plane by an optical recognition system and separated according to the classification in the separation unit in at least 2 material fractions.
mindestens eine Separationseinheit mit mindestens einem optischen Spektrometer (10) mit Analyseeinheit zur Messung und Auswertung von Spektren der Materialteilchen (14), einer schiefen Ebene (13) zum Transport der Materialteilchen und eine Separationseinheit, die die Teilchen (14) entsprechend den Signalen des mindestens einen Spektrometers in mindestens 2 Fraktionen trennt, aufweist.Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising at least one lighting unit (6, 7, 39)
at least one separation unit with at least one optical spectrometer (10) with an analysis unit for measuring and evaluating spectra of the material particles (14), an inclined plane (13) for transporting the material particles and a separation unit which separates the particles (14) according to the signals of the at least separates a spectrometer into at least 2 fractions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10149505A DE10149505A1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2001-10-02 | Method and device for selecting plastics and other materials with regard to color and composition |
DE10149505 | 2001-10-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1300200A1 true EP1300200A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
EP1300200B1 EP1300200B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
Family
ID=7701744
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02022206.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1300200B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2002-10-01 | Method and apparatus for indentification and separation of plastic particles |
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DE (1) | DE10149505A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
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EP1967294A2 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | Picvisa Machine Vision Systems, S.L. | Machine with artificial sight for automatic separation by colour of recyclable plastics, with multispectral sight |
US7633614B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2009-12-15 | Tomra Systems Asa | Device and a method for detection of characteristic features of a medium |
CH702891A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-30 | Qualysense Ag | Device for classifying and sorting agricultural organic particles e.g. grains, of cereals e.g. wheat, according to e.g. quality classes, has appropriate collecting containers utilized for sorting particles according to quality classes |
WO2015200111A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | Tsi, Inc. | Rapid material analysis using libs spectroscopy |
DE102016214496A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Gunther Krieg | Device for the identification of substances |
WO2018095583A1 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh | System for analyzing and sorting material |
SE1751115A1 (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-15 | Bomill Ab | Object conveying and/or sorting system |
US10316173B2 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2019-06-11 | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. | Systems and methods for marking plastics |
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EP1967294A3 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2010-11-17 | Picvisa Machine Vision Systems, S.L. | Machine with artificial sight for automatic separation by colour of recyclable plastics, with multispectral sight |
EP1967294A2 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | Picvisa Machine Vision Systems, S.L. | Machine with artificial sight for automatic separation by colour of recyclable plastics, with multispectral sight |
CH702891A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-30 | Qualysense Ag | Device for classifying and sorting agricultural organic particles e.g. grains, of cereals e.g. wheat, according to e.g. quality classes, has appropriate collecting containers utilized for sorting particles according to quality classes |
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EP1300200B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
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