EP1275748A2 - Hochtemperaturbeständiger Schutzüberzug mit eingebetteten lokalen Erhebungen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schutzüberzuges - Google Patents
Hochtemperaturbeständiger Schutzüberzug mit eingebetteten lokalen Erhebungen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schutzüberzuges Download PDFInfo
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- EP1275748A2 EP1275748A2 EP02405527A EP02405527A EP1275748A2 EP 1275748 A2 EP1275748 A2 EP 1275748A2 EP 02405527 A EP02405527 A EP 02405527A EP 02405527 A EP02405527 A EP 02405527A EP 1275748 A2 EP1275748 A2 EP 1275748A2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- mcraiy
- substrate surface
- rivets
- intermediate layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12451—Macroscopically anomalous interface between layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12937—Co- or Ni-base component next to Fe-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high temperature resistant protective coating over a metallic substrate surface, the at least one material layer consisting of MCrAIY, where M at least one of the elements from one is a group of substances consisting of Fe, Co and Ni. Furthermore, a method for Manufacture of such a protective cover described.
- High temperature resistant protective coatings of the aforementioned type find preferred use in the field of gas turbine technology, so for example in combustion chambers, on wing profile parts and in the form of external ones Air seals.
- the construction of external air seals has State of the art has received considerable attention and is constantly growing searched for new, effective embodiments of such sealing systems.
- sprockets extend from blades in both the Compression as well as in the turbine section of the gas turbine system Rotor arrangement radially outward over the flow path of the working gas.
- a outer air seal attached to the stator assembly surrounds the tips of the Blades of each blade ring to prevent the leakage of working gases over the Reduce tips of the blades.
- Any outside air seal will conventionally constructed from several sealing segments that end up are arranged around the engine.
- the opposite ones Surfaces of the segments are usually made of a grindable Made of material that is intolerant to initial conditions without being destructive Contact with the blade tips in transition states allows.
- a grindable Made of material that is intolerant to initial conditions without being destructive Contact with the blade tips in transition states allows.
- Honeycomb structures made from appropriately deformed thin sheets, e.g. Hasteloy-X or PM2000, exist on the outer tip of a gas turbine blade joined by welding or soldering technology and with a suitable High temperature resistant material, preferably of the NiAl or NiCrAI type filled.
- a suitable High temperature resistant material preferably of the NiAl or NiCrAI type filled.
- Such honeycomb structures which in the case of grazing between the Gas turbine blade and the fixed housing element are removed and in this way to a minimal game between rotating and fixed Help components, but have the disadvantage that they do not have the have the desired temperature resistance, especially the required welded or soldered connections no reliable permanent Compounds due to the prevailing high operating temperatures or these thin sheets are not themselves resistant to oxidation.
- EP 0 965 730 describes a component which is provided with a ceramic coating and which Sealing gap delimited with a gas turbine blade tip, described.
- abrasionable layer material MCrAIY material to use directly as the thick Layer is deposited on a metallic substrate surface.
- MCrAIY layer with the metallic substrate surface a permanent, firm, intimate joint connection is made, this points directly to the Substrate surface or indirectly by at least one intermediate layer of the Substrate surface separated, distributed over a large area a variety of local surveys, so-called rivets, which are fixed to the substrate surface or the intermediate layer are decreed.
- rivets are preferred mushroom-shaped or web-like and with the substrate surface or Intermediate layer over a metallurgical substance compound, for example in the Can be made by a soldered or welded connection.
- the rivets can be designed as wires running longitudinally to the substrate surface be, which preferably run parallel to each other on the substrate surface or are arranged on the intermediate layer.
- MCrAIY Material layer deposited such that the MCrAIY layer Completely covers the substrate surface or intermediate layer, as well as the rivets completely surrounds the areas between neighboring rivets completely filled in and towered over the rivets. Measured from the substrate surface or The MCrAIY layer has a layer thickness of up to 20 mm and forms a largely homogeneous flat surface. Since the Structure height of the individual rivets corresponds to a few millimeters, i.e. 1 to 5 mm, the rivets with a MCrAlY layer with a free rubbing thickness of up to 15 mm surmounted.
- an oxidation-resistant protective layer for example in the form of a highly compressed MCrAIY layer.
- a ceramic TBC layer can be deposited, which To significantly reduce the thermal load on the component or the substrate can.
- the further MCrAIY layer in the deposited in the manner described above.
- the individual rivets which are also preferably made of compressed or high-density MCrAIY wire are made with the metallic Substrate surface or an intermediate layer thereon by means of a Has welded or soldered connection.
- MCrAIY layer that on the substrate surface or on the intermediate layer as well as the rivets deposited MCrAIY layer is typically under a thermal Flame spraying process produced in which the compactness or density of the deposited layer material by the choice of the deposition parameters, such as Spray speed, application temperature and the associated Degree of softening of the individual heated MCrAIY particles, to name just a few, can be set individually. So it is possible to use a MCrAIY layer deposit homogeneously distributed over the layer thickness density or porosity, whereby make sure that the porosity allows a desired material abrasion, by touching the tip of the blade and the fixed part of the housing Run-in process of a gas turbine plant results.
- the deposition parameters can be used in the production of the MCrAIY layer can also be chosen such that that of the substrate surface or intermediate layer closest layer areas of the MCrAIY layer have a higher density and thus have lower porosity than areas of the MCrAIY layer close to it Surface.
- the high-temperature resistant design according to the invention allows Protective cover also the provision of a direct cooling air supply from the side metallic substrate surface, in which corresponding cooling channels are incorporated are that lead to this.
- Due to the basically porous design Structural structure of the MCrAIY layer can differ from that of the metallic Spread cooling air emerging from the substrate surface within the MCrAIY braid and for effective cooling of the MCrAIY layer and that with the metallic one Joining connections coming into the substrate surface, for example with the rivets, contribute.
- To produce the protective coating according to the invention are in a first Step the rivets directly on the substrate surface or, after the previous one Deposition of an intermediate layer on the substrate surface on which To have a fixed intermediate layer.
- the disposal of preferably made of MCrAIY material existing rivets are preferably made using welding or soldering technology.
- MCrAIY material remains on the Substrate surface or on the intermediate layer and on the rivets deposited until the rivets are completely surrounded by MCrAIY material, Areas between adjacent rivets completely filled with MCrAIY material and the rivets are surmounted by the MCrAIY material.
- the MCrAIY material separation takes place in such a way that the developing Surface area of the MCrAIY material layer is porous and can therefore be rubbed off.
- the MCrAIY material deposition using Thermal flame spraying takes place, the structure of the structure that develops MCrAIY layer can be set individually with regard to porosity or density.
- the deposition parameters are preferably set such that the directly on the substrate surface or intermediate layer as well as on the rivets deposited material has a high material density and that the Material density with increasing distance from the substrate surface or Intermediate layer gradually or gradually decreases to a high in this way To achieve porosity and good rubbing behavior.
- high temperature resistant protective cover consisting of from an MCrAIY layer is particularly preferred as Layer coating on those fixed housing components within one Gas turbine plant against which the blade tips of the compressor unit or the gas turbine stage are initially in grinding engagement. Because of the porous The material structure of the MCrAIY layer can depend on the blade tips parts of the MCrAIY layer are removed and applied to their thermal elongation this way a minimal sealing gap between the standing and rotating To produce components.
- the substrate S made of metal represents, for example, a heat shield which is attached to the fixed gas turbine housing and the substrate surface 1 of which faces the interior of the housing.
- the intermediate layer 2, which preferably consists of MCrAIY, has a high density, which is obtained by a suitable choice of the deposition parameters determining the deposition process for producing the intermediate layer 2.
- the rivets 3 shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are as wires arranged parallel to one another on the intermediate layer 2, with each with a circular wire cross-section.
- the wire-shaped rivets 3 are with the Intermediate layer 2 has a welded or soldered connection.
- the layer 4 made of MCrAlY material (M stands for Ni, Fe or CO) which is deposited on the surface of the intermediate layer 2 and completely surrounds the rivets is preferably produced by means of thermal flame spraying.
- the layer thickness of the MCrAIY layer 4 is typically up to 20 mm and clearly exceeds the structural height of the rivets 3 in terms of its thickness.
- the intermediate layer 2 which also consists of MCrAlY material the MCrAIY layer 4 has a much lower density and thus has a porosity which corresponds to a desired abrasion behavior.
- the flame spraying process used in the production of the MCrAIY layer 4 stipulates that a powdered MCrAIY material up to above the Softening temperature of MCrAIY is heated and by means of a hot, gaseous carrier stream at high speed to be coated Is directed substrate surface on which the softened or liquefied MCrAIY drops open, wet the surface and then to a solid Solidify layer coating.
- the spray parameters that determine the coating process can have different coating structures in the MCrAIY layer that forms can be set. For example, if you work with completely liquefied MCrAlY powder particles and aligns the resulting drops with a very high application speed on the substrate surface to be coated, so as a layer result, a very compact and dense MCrAIY layer 4, as in the 2a is obtained. Will the Application speed and the degree of softening of the individual MCrAIY particles reduced, so there are layers with increasing porosity, as shown in FIG. 2b and 2c can be seen.
- Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a substrate S with a metallic Substrate surface 1, on which an intermediate layer 2 consisting of high-density MCrAIY material, is deposited.
- the intermediate layer 2 protruding rivets 3 are formed as mushroom-shaped elements and uniform distributed on the metallic substrate surface.
- the rivets have a largest diameter of 1.4 mm and are at a clear mutual distance of approx. 3 mm on the metallic Substrate surface 1 arranged.
- Heat resistance is a ceramic on the intermediate layer 2 high temperature resistant layer 5 deposited, a so-called TBC layer (thermal barrier coating).
- the MCrAIY layer 4 is on the TBC layer 5 suitably adjusted porosity.
- For cooling purposes at least a cooling channel 6 which penetrates the intermediate layer 2 from the side of the substrate S. and in the porous region of the TBC layer 5 and the MCrAlY layer located thereover 4 opens.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- schematisierte Querschnittsdarstellung durch eine Substratoberfläche mit einer darauf abgeschiedenen hochtemperaturbeständigen Schutzschicht,
- Fig. 2a bis e
- Gefügedarstellungen einer im Wege des Flammspritzverfahrens abgeschiedenen MCrAIY-Schicht mit unterschiedlicher Porosität,
- Fig. 3
- Substratoberfläche mit darüber abgeschiedener hochtemperaturbeständiger Schutzschicht mit heterogener Porosität, sowie
- Fig. 4
- Substratoberfläche mit hochtemperaturbeständigem Schutzüberzug mit Zwischenschichten.
Die vorzugsweise aus MCrAIY bestehende Zwischenschicht 2 weist eine hohe Dichte auf, die durch geeignete Wahl der den Abscheideprozess zur Herstellung der Zwischenschicht 2 bestimmenden Abscheideparameter erhalten wird.
Die Schichtdicke der MCrAIY-Schicht 4 beträgt typischerweise bis zu 20 mm und überragt dabei in ihrer Mächtigkeit die Strukturhöhe der Rivets 3 deutlich. Die MCrAIY-Schicht 4 weist im Gegensatz zu der ebenfalls aus MCrAlY-Material bestehenden Zwischenschicht 2 eine weitaus geringere Dichte auf und verfügt somit über eine Porosität, die einem gewünschten Abreibverhalten entspricht.
- 1
- Metallische Substratoberfläche
- 2
- Zwischenschicht
- 3
- Rivets
- 4
- MCrAIY-Schicht
- 5
- TBC-Schicht
- 6
- Kühlkanal
Claims (21)
- Hochtemperaturbeständiger Schutzüberzug über eine metallische Substratoberfläche (1), der wenigstens eine Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY aufweist, wobei M wenigstens eines der Elemente aus einer aus Fe, Co und Ni bestehenden Stoffgruppe ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unmittelbar auf der Substratoberfläche (1) oder mittelbar durch wenigstens eine Zwischenschicht (2) von der Substratoberfläche (1) getrennt auf dieser flächig verteilt eine Vielzahl lokaler Erhebungen, sogenannte Rivets (3), vorgesehen sind, die mit der Substratoberfläche (1) oder der Zwischenschicht (2) fest verfügt sind,
dass wenigstens eine Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY auf der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. Zwischenschicht (2) derart abgeschieden ist, das die Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY die Rivets (3) vollständig umgibt, Bereiche zwischen benachbarten Rivets (3) vollständig ausfüllt und die Rivets (3) überragt. - Schutzüberzug nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY eine Schichtoberfläche aufweist, die eine porös abreibbare Konsistenz aufweist. - Schutzüberzug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rivets (3) stegartig oder pilzförmig ausgebildet sind und mit der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. der Zwischenschicht (2) über eine metallurgische Stoffverbindung verbunden sind. - Schutzüberzug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rivets (3) als Drähte ausgebildet sind und mit der Substratoberfläche (1) oder auf der Zwischenschicht (2) fest verfügt sind. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rivets (3) eine von der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. Zwischenschicht (2) ausgehende Strukturhöhe im Millimeterbereich aufweisen. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei benachbarte Rivets (3) einen lichten Abstand im Millimeterbereich bishin zu wenigen Zentimetern aufweisen. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rivets (3) aus MCrAIY-Material bestehen, insbesondere aus SV 20 oder SV 34, und über eine hohe Materialfestigkeit verfügen. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht (2) eine Oxidationsschutzschicht ist. - Schutzüberzug nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht (2) aus MCrAIY-Material hoher Festigkeit, insbesondere aus SV 20 oder SV 34, besteht. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht (2) zwei Schichtlagen aufweist, eine erste bestehend aus MCrAIY-Material hoher Festigkeit, insbesondere aus SV 20 oder SV 34, und eine zweite bestehend aus einer wärmedämmenden Keramikschicht (5), einer sogenannten TBC-Schicht. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY eine homogene poröse Schichtstruktur aufweist. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY eine Materialschichtung aufweist, deren der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. der Zwischenschicht (2) nächstliegenden Schichtbereiche (41) eine höhere Materialdichte aufweist als jene Schichtbereiche, die von der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. der Zwischenschicht (2) weiter entfernt liegen, und dass der Schichtbereich (43) an der Oberfläche der Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY über die geringste Materialdichte bzw. die größte Porosität verfügt. - Schutzüberzug nach Anspruch 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Materialdichte innerhalb der Materialschichtung graduell oder stufenweise ändert. - Schutzüberzug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Kühlkanäle (6) vorgesehen sind, die die Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. und die Zwischenschicht (2) durchragen und in Richtung der Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY geöffnet sind. - Verwendung des Schutzüberzug als hochtemperaturbeständiges Abreibelement zwischen einem rotierendem Schaufelende in einer axialdurchströmten Strömungsmaschine und einem feststehenden Teil zur Reduzierung eines sich zwischen dem rotierendem Schaufelende und dem feststehenden Teil ergebenden Dichtspaltes.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der als Abreibelement dienende Schutzüberzug an dem als Substratoberfläche dienende Heatshield (stehendes Gehäuse) angebracht ist. - Verwendung nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der als Abreibelement dienende Schutzüberzug an dem als Substratoberfläche dienenden Rotor (drehendes Teil) angebracht ist. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schutzüberzuges nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Rivets (3) unmittelbar auf der Substratoberfläche (1) oder nach vorheriger Abscheidung einer Zwischenschicht (2) auf der Substratoberfläche (1) auf der Zwischenschicht (2) fest verfügt werden,
dass im Wege eines Abscheidevorganges MCrAIY-Material solange auf der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. Zwischenschicht (2) sowie auf den Rivets (3) abgeschieden wird bis die Rivets (3) vollständig von dem MCrAIY-Material (4) umgeben sind, Bereiche zwischen benachbarten Rivets (3) vollständig von MCrAlY-Material (4) ausgefüllt und die Rivets (3) von MCrAIY-Material (4) überragt werden, und
dass das MCrAIY-Material (4) derart abgeschieden wird, dass zumindest ein sich bildender Oberflächenbereich der Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY porös ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 18,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abscheidevorgang des MCrAIY-Materials mittels thermischen Flammspritzen durchgeführt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die das Flammspritzen bestimmenden Abscheideparameter derart eingestellt werden, dass die sich ausbildende Materialschicht (4) bestehend aus MCrAIY über eine ihre Materialdicke homogene oder heterogene Porosität verfügt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die das Flammspritzen bestimmenden Abscheideparameter derart eingestellt werden, dass das unmittelbar an der Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. Zwischenschicht (2) sowie an den Rivets (3) abgeschiedene Material eine hohe Materialdichte aufweist und dass die Materialdichte mit zunehmenden Abstand zur Substratoberfläche (1) bzw. Zwischenschicht (2) graduell oder stufenweise abnimmt.
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CH13042001 | 2001-07-13 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6720087B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 |
EP1275748A3 (de) | 2004-01-07 |
US20040009365A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
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