EP1271612A2 - Hochdruckentladungslampe - Google Patents
Hochdruckentladungslampe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1271612A2 EP1271612A2 EP02010340A EP02010340A EP1271612A2 EP 1271612 A2 EP1271612 A2 EP 1271612A2 EP 02010340 A EP02010340 A EP 02010340A EP 02010340 A EP02010340 A EP 02010340A EP 1271612 A2 EP1271612 A2 EP 1271612A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- electrodes
- alternating current
- pressure discharge
- discharge lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of Claim 1 and an operating method for a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 3.
- high-pressure discharge lamps which operate on a so-called conventional ballast with an essentially sinusoidal, mains frequency AC voltage were designed, also on a so-called electronic ballast with an essentially rectangular AC voltage a frequency from the range of approx. 100 Hz to 500 Hz can be operated are.
- Operation of these high-pressure discharge lamps on an electronic ballast has different compared to the operation on a conventional ballast Benefits. For example, better color consistency can be achieved by regulating the lamp power versus changes in lamp lamp voltage or the mains voltage can be guaranteed and a cessation of light flickering is eliminated become.
- a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a Operating methods according to the preamble of claim 3 are for example in European laid-open publications EP 1 045 622 A2 and EP 0 908 926 A2 disclosed.
- the first-mentioned publication describes a ballast for Operation of a mercury-free metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with a rectangular alternating current with a frequency between 50 Hz and 5 kHz.
- the other laid-open publication discloses a high pressure metal halide discharge lamp with a filling based on sodium and scandium, which with Rectangular pulses of 270 Hz is operated.
- the high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention has a discharge vessel with a discharge medium enclosed therein and cylindrical electrodes for generating a gas discharge in the discharge medium.
- the diameter of the electrodes is such that when the lamp is operated with its specified nominal power and with a substantially rectangular alternating current during the stable operating state of the high-pressure discharge lamp after the ignition phase has ended, the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cube root of the effective value of the AC has a constant value in the range between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the above range specification for the aforementioned product means an instruction for dimensioning the diameter of the cylindrical electrodes of the high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention , Only when the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value in the range between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 , is the blackening of the lamp vessel during operation the high pressure discharge lamp with a rectangular alternating current minimal.
- the electrode diameter of the lamp is dimensioned such that the product has a value smaller than 5 A 4/3 mm -2 , then an increased blackening of the lamp vessel occurs due to the increased sputtering of electrode material. If, however, the lamp electrodes are dimensioned such that the aforementioned product assumes a value greater than 10 A 4/3 mm -2 , there is an increased blackening of the lamp vessel due to the increased evaporation of electrode material.
- the electrodes are those of the invention High-pressure net discharge lamp cylindrical. That means at least the section of the electrodes protruding into the discharge space is uniform Has thickness or a uniform diameter. The discharge end however, the electrodes can be rounded. Such electrodes will be usually referred to as pin electrodes or as stick electrodes. To the thermal Optimizing the properties of these electrodes can be done on the discharge side An electrode coil arranged coaxially to the electrode rod at the end of the electrodes wear.
- the electrodes of the high-pressure discharge lamp are designed as cylindrical pins which consist of a high-melting metal, for example of tungsten.
- the thickness or the diameter of the pins is dimensioned such that when the lamp is operated with its nominal power and with a substantially rectangular alternating current during the stable operating state of the high-pressure discharge lamp after the ignition phase has ended, the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cube root of the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 , in order to ensure as little blackening of the lamp vessel as possible during operation.
- the electrodes of the high-pressure discharge lamp each consist of a cylindrical electrode pin which carries an electrode coil arranged coaxially to the electrode pin at its discharge end.
- the diameter of the electrode pin is dimensioned such that when the lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current during the stable operating state of the high-pressure discharge lamp after the ignition phase has ended, the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the substantially rectangular alternating current through the electrodes be dimensioned such that during the stable operating state of the high-pressure discharge lamp after the ignition phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp has ended, the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current have a constant value between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 . If a lower rectangular alternating current is applied to the electrodes, so that the above product assumes a smaller value than 5 A 4/3 mm -2 , then increased blackening of the lamp vessel occurs due to sputtering electrode material. On the other hand, if a higher rectangular alternating current is applied to the electrodes so that the above product assumes a value greater than 10 A 4/3 mm -2 , then evaporating electrode material causes an increased blackening of the lamp vessel.
- the frequency of the rectangular alternating current is advantageously one Value between 50 Hz and 500 Hz. Problems can occur at higher frequencies occur with acoustic resonances in the discharge medium. In addition, at higher Frequencies require complex electronics. At too low frequencies however, a flickering of the discharge arc of the lamp can be seen become.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a type of high-pressure discharge lamp Comparison of the blackening of the discharge vessel when operating with an essentially sinusoidal, line-frequency alternating current (curve 1) and during operation with an essentially rectangular alternating current (curve 2) at one frequency of 50 Hz.
- Curve 1 On the horizontal axis of the diagram of Figure 2 is the effective value of the lamp current and on the vertical axis (in logarithmic Scale) the blackening of the discharge vessel in each case in relative Units applied.
- the minimum of the blackening of the discharge vessel occurs when operating high-pressure discharge lamps that are empirically optimized for the slightest decrease in luminous flux during their service life on sinusoidal, line-frequency alternating current, especially when these lamps are charged with their nominal current.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value greater than 10 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the current density in the electrodes is set according to the invention such that the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A has 4/3 mm -2 .
- cylindrical electrodes which are preferably designed as pin electrodes and can additionally carry an electrode coil on their heads, this is achieved by correspondingly adapting their electrode pin diameter.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the structure the high-pressure discharge lamps according to all embodiments.
- the structure of the Lamp is essentially the same in all embodiments. You differentiate only in their dimensions and in their operating data.
- the high-pressure discharge lamp shown in FIG. 1 has a double-sided seal Discharge vessel 1 made of a translucent material such as Quartz glass or aluminum oxide ceramic is made.
- an ionizable discharge medium is enclosed in a gas-tight manner, that as an essential component metal halides and in addition an inert gas or also contains mercury.
- To generate a gas discharge in the discharge medium serve two electrodes 2 of the same design, which are in the discharge vessel are arranged diametrically.
- Each of the two electrodes 2 consists of a cylindrical one Electrode pin 2a, which at the discharge end is coaxial with the electrode pin 2a arranged electrode coil 2b carries.
- the discharge vessel 1 is in turn surrounded by a translucent outer bulb 3.
- the electrodes 2 are each melted into the discharge vessel ends 1a in a gastight manner Power supply 4 connected to the electrical contacts 5 of the lamp.
- the first exemplary embodiment of the invention is a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 70 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 0.41 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 1 A and the current density in the electrodes is 7.6 A / mm 2 .
- the power factor is approximately 1 and the operating voltage is 70 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 7.6 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the second exemplary embodiment of the invention is a metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 150 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 0.62 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 1.8 A and the current density in the electrodes is 6 A / mm 2 .
- the power factor is approximately 1 and the operating voltage is 83.3 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 7.3 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the third exemplary embodiment of the invention is a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 150 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 0.33 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 0.75 A and the current density in the electrodes is 8.8 A / mm 2
- the power factor is approximately 1 and the operating voltage is 200 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 8.0 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention is a mercury-free metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 150 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 0.72 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 2.5 A and the current density in the electrodes is 6.1 A / mm 2
- the power factor is approximately 1 and the operating voltage is 60 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 8.3 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention is a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 250 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 0.88 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 3 A and the current density in the electrodes is 4.9 A / mm 2 .
- the power factor is 1 and the operating voltage is 83.3 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 7.1 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the sixth embodiment of the invention is a metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption, ie with a nominal power, of 400 W.
- the electrode pins 2a of this lamp have a diameter of 1.1 mm.
- This lamp is operated with an essentially rectangular alternating current of 120 Hz.
- the effective value of the alternating current is 4 A and the current density in the electrodes is 4.2 A / mm 2 .
- the power factor is 1 and the internal voltage is 100 V.
- the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current is therefore calculated to be 6.7 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the electrodes can also be designed as pin electrodes, which consist of a high-melting metal, for example tungsten, and do not have an electrode coil.
- the thickness or the diameter of the pin must be such that the product of the current density in the electrodes and the cubic root of the effective value of the alternating current has a constant value between 5 A 4/3 mm -2 and 10 A 4/3 mm -2 .
- the application of the invention is not to a specific frequency of the rectangular alternating current is limited.
- the invention is not limited to those shown schematically in FIG. 1 double-ended sealed and double-ended high-pressure discharge lamps.
- the geometry of the discharge vessel and the base of the outer bulb are irrelevant to the invention.
- the invention is also based on High-pressure discharge lamps with discharge vessel sealed on one side and on single-ended high-pressure discharge lamps applicable.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einem Entladungsgefäß (1), mit einem darin eingeschlossenen Entladungsmedium und mit zylindrischen Elektroden (2) zur Erzeugung einer Gasentladung in dem Entladungsmedium, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser der Elektroden (2) derart bemessen ist, dass beim Betrieb der Lampe mit ihrer vorgegebenen Nenn-Leistung und mit einem im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Wechselstrom während des stabilen Betriebszustands der Hochdruckentladungslampe nach Beendigung der Zündphase das Produkt aus der Stromdichte in den Elektroden (2) und der Kubikwurzel des Effektivwertes des Wechselstroms einen konstanten Wert zwischen 5 A4/3mm-2 und 10 A4/3mm-2 besitzt.
- Hochdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (2) jeweils aus einen stabförmigen Elektrodenstift (2a) bestehen, der an seinem entladungsseitigen Ende eine koaxial zum Elektrodenstift (2a) angeordnete Elektrodenwendel (2b) trägt, wobei der Durchmesser des Elektrodenstiftes (2a) derart bemessen ist, dass beim Betrieb der Lampe mit einem im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Wechselstrom während des stabilen Betriebszustands der Hochdruckentladungslampe nach Beendigung der Zündphase das Produkt aus der Stromdichte in den Elektroden (2) und der Kubikwurzel des Effektivwertes des Wechselstroms einen konstanten Wert zwischen 5 A4/3mm-2 und 10 A4/3mm-2 besitzt.
- Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Hochdruckentladungslampe, die ein Entladungsgefäß (1) mit einem darin eingeschlossenen Entladungsmedium und Elektroden (2) zur Erzeugung einer Gasentladung in dem Entladungsmedium aufweist, mit einem im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Wechselstrom, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des stabilen Betriebszustandes der Hochdruckentladungslampe nach Beendigung der Zündphase der Hochdruckentladungslampe die Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einem im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Wechselstrom beaufschlagt wird, so dass das Produkt aus der Stromdichte in den Elektroden (2) und der Kubikwurzel des Effektivwertes des Wechselstroms einen konstanten Wert zwischen 5 A4/3mm-2 und 10 A4/3mm-2 aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10129229 | 2001-06-19 | ||
DE10129229A DE10129229A1 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2001-06-19 | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1271612A2 true EP1271612A2 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
EP1271612A3 EP1271612A3 (de) | 2006-04-19 |
Family
ID=7688513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010340A Withdrawn EP1271612A3 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-05-07 | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020190668A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1271612A3 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003022782A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2388902A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10129229A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009107051A3 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-11-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Gas discharge lamp and method of operating a gas discharge lamp |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006164709A (ja) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | 高圧放電ランプおよび高圧放電ランプ点灯装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3670195A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1972-06-13 | Japan Broadcasting Corp | Metal vapour discharge lamp |
US4910433A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1990-03-20 | U.S. Philips Corp. | Emitterless SDN electrode |
EP0903770A2 (de) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-03-24 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Beleuchtungssystem |
-
2001
- 2001-06-19 DE DE10129229A patent/DE10129229A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-07 EP EP02010340A patent/EP1271612A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-23 US US10/152,617 patent/US20020190668A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-04 CA CA002388902A patent/CA2388902A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-17 JP JP2002175260A patent/JP2003022782A/ja not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3670195A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1972-06-13 | Japan Broadcasting Corp | Metal vapour discharge lamp |
US4910433A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1990-03-20 | U.S. Philips Corp. | Emitterless SDN electrode |
EP0903770A2 (de) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-03-24 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Beleuchtungssystem |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PONCE M ET AL: "Electronic ballast for HID lamps with high frequency square waveform to avoid acoustic resonances" APEC 2001. 16TH. ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION. ANAHEIM, CA, MARCH 4 - 8, 2001, ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, Bd. VOL. 1 OF 2. CONF.16, 4. M{rz 2001 (2001-03-04), Seiten 658-663, XP010536065 ISBN: 0-7803-6618-2 * |
SHVARTSAS M ET AL: "A SPICE compatible model of high intensity discharge lamps" POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 1999. PESC 99. 30TH ANNUAL IEEE CHARLESTON, SC, USA 27 JUNE-1 JULY 1999, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, US, Bd. 2, 27. Juni 1999 (1999-06-27), Seiten 1037-1042, XP010346765 ISBN: 0-7803-5421-4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009107051A3 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-11-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Gas discharge lamp and method of operating a gas discharge lamp |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020190668A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
DE10129229A1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
CA2388902A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP1271612A3 (de) | 2006-04-19 |
JP2003022782A (ja) | 2003-01-24 |
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