EP1266973A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Formkörpers und Formkörper aus Metallschaum - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Formkörpers und Formkörper aus Metallschaum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1266973A2 EP1266973A2 EP02450137A EP02450137A EP1266973A2 EP 1266973 A2 EP1266973 A2 EP 1266973A2 EP 02450137 A EP02450137 A EP 02450137A EP 02450137 A EP02450137 A EP 02450137A EP 1266973 A2 EP1266973 A2 EP 1266973A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- cavities
- particles
- shaped body
- body according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/005—Casting metal foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F2003/1106—Product comprising closed porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a lightweight Shaped body, in which from a particle metal melt through Introducing gas or gas mixtures into a metal foam formed this at least partially introduced into a mold and its liquid phase in it is frozen.
- the invention further comprises a lightweight molded body made of metal foam consisting of a metal matrix, in which particles are embedded and which a variety of substantially spherical and / or substantially ellipsoidal Encloses cavities.
- Moldings made of metal foam naturally have a low density and have special mechanical material properties due to the structure.
- Moldings made of metal foam naturally have a low density and have special mechanical material properties due to the structure.
- Such bodies when applying two- or three-dimensional Compression stresses large deformations with degrees of compression up to 70% and more become.
- These materials with special properties are in the technological Application, for example as an energy absorber in automotive engineering and the like, can be used with advantage.
- EP-483 184 B describes a method for producing a particle-reinforced one Metal foam has become known, according to which cell-forming gas in a Introduced metal melt with finely divided reinforcing agents, foamed metal composite material formed and from the surface of the melted material, the accumulated foam is removed and solidified is left.
- this metal foam has bubbles of uncontrolled size or size distribution, resulting in a highly blurred property profile of the Foam or molded body results as well as functional uncertainties he brings.
- Another lightweight metal body according to EP 545 957 B1 and US 5 221 234 has a large number of closed and isolated, generally spherical pores with sizes in the range from 10 to 500 ⁇ m. Such small pores with large differences in diameter can indeed give a metal body formed with aluminum a lower specific weight than the solid material, a density of less than 1.0 g / cm 3 and a degree of compression of over 60% of the material under defined conditions are usually not reachable.
- the invention seeks to remedy the situation and aims at a method of type mentioned for the manufacture of a lightweight molded body specify with which the inner body structure can be formed such that the Material has essentially precise mechanical characteristics.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that a flowable metal foam with a monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities and one proportionally maximum longitudinal extent thereof in the range between 1.0 and 30.0 mm manufactured, placed in a mold or mold and in this is compressed substantially under all-round pressure, the hollow spaces including particle-containing molten metal walls at least partially flat areas are given and the heat of solidification the melt is removed.
- the advantages achieved with the invention can be seen essentially in the fact that a monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities in the metal foam Prerequisite for a material behavior under certain stress conditions he brings.
- the proportionate maximum diameter of the cavities is important for the height of the elastic limit of the material and the tolerable specific Surface stress when the part is subjected to compressive stress.
- Boundary walls and their node areas in the foam material for one mechanical support or buckling load can be set or shaped favorably. This means that when a defined value is exceeded Tension limit a buckling of the foam walls or a collapse of the Pores and energy absorption with high degrees of deformation or compression little solidification of the light body takes place.
- the further object of the invention in particular with regard to a desired Material behavior under mechanical load is solved in that the Metal foam of the molded body when viewed spatially a monomodal Distribution of the maximum longitudinal extent of the cavities in the area between 1.0 and 30.0 mm.
- the accuracy of the transition from an elastic change in shape plastic deformation of the material depending on the compressive stress be further increased if the spatial consideration of the metal foam Ratio of the maximum longitudinal extensions of two different ones Cavities on average over at least 20 pairs smaller than 30, preferably smaller than 15 and in particular less than 5. These values refer to created Cavities in the absence of solidification voids in the molded body.
- Particularly light molded articles can be produced according to the invention per se if the Metal matrix made of a light metal, preferably aluminum or one Aluminum alloy.
- the particles embedded in the metal matrix have a size of 1 to 50 um, preferably 3 to 20 microns, is a particularly advantageous Weight / property ratio achievable.
- non-metallic particles preferably SiC particles and / or Al 2 O 3 particles and / or those from intermetallic phases
- volume portion the embedded particles in the metal matrix between 10% by volume and 30% by volume, preferably between 15% by volume and 30% by volume.
- the favorable weight / property ratio of a lightweight molded body of the type according to the invention can be increased if the density of the metal foam is less than 1.05 g / cm 3 , preferably less than 0.7 g / cm 3 , in particular less than 0.3 g / cm 3 .
- the stress as a function of the compression deformation is shown in comparison in FIG. 3 on the test results of three shaped bodies.
- the structure of the lightweight moldings 1 and 2 with a density of 0.091 gcm -3 and 0.114 gcm -3 was in accordance with the invention, the comparison body 3 had a bimodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities with material concentrations in the nodes of the foam walls.
- an extremely low degree of solidification can be determined up to a degree of compression of approximately 70%.
- the comparative body 3 shows a significant solidification of the material up to a degree of compression of approximately 45%, which increases even further from this value. This indicates an effect of the bimodal distribution of the cavity dimensions.
- Fig. 4 shows knot shapes in the foam wall of light bodies using sectional images.
- A shows a sharp-edged knot of the wall between three cavities. Such knots tend to crack and break early in the connection area.
- Figure B shows a thickened wall knot. This knot formation leads to an increased specific weight and an unfavorable development of the force components when the body is under compression.
- Picture C shows a knot with wall parts, whereby both the thickness of the walls and the knot mass are favorably designed with regard to a high compression deformation with little solidification of the body at high compression levels.
- metal foam bodies formed according to the invention are shown in a top view without compression, the gas being introduced into the melt with protruding protruding inlet pipes with different separation parameters for the bubbles.
- a monomodal distribution of the respective dimensions of the gas bubbles can be seen.
- the body according to picture A has a specific weight of 0.1 gcm -3
- those according to picture B and picture C have a specific weight of 0.2 gcm -3 and 0.4 gcm -3 .
- Computer tomography records can be used to calculate values of the local density (density mapping) can be used.
- An averaging process for Calculation of the local density allows the material distribution between the Determine averaging volumes. Diagrams of the calculated density values of Studies can shed light on the homogeneity of a lightweight Give shaped body.
- the relative frequency of the mean local density in a molded body according to the invention is designated 1 and can be seen in a comparative body 2.
- the average local density of the body 1 has a narrow maximum at about 0.22 gcm -3 , which demonstrates a monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities and a narrow range of the proportionally maximum longitudinal extent thereof.
- the multimodal reference block is characterized by a broad course of the mean local density values, which shows a clear slump.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
In Bild A ist eine scharfkantige Knotenausbildung der Wand zwischen drei Hohlräumen wiedergegeben. Derartige Knoten neigen frühzeitig zu Rissen und Brüchen im Verbindungsbereich.
Aus Bild B ist ein verdickter Wandknoten ersichtlich. Diese Knotenausformung führt zu einem erhöhten spezifischen Gewicht und einer ungünstigen Ausbildung der Kraftkomponenten bei einer Stauchbelastung des Körpers.
Bild C zeigt einen Knoten mit Wandteilen, wobei sowohl die Dicke der Wandungen als auch die Knotenmasse im Hinblick auf eine hohe Stauchverformung mit geringer Verfestigung des Körpers bei hohen Stauchgraden günstig ausgebildet sind.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Formkörpers, bei welchem aus einer Partikel aufweisenden Metallschmelze durch Einbringen von Gas oder Gasgemischen in diese ein Metallschaum gebildet, dieser zumindest teilweise in eine Kokille eingebracht und dessen flüssige Phase in dieser erstarren gelassen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein fließfähiger Metallschaum mit einer monomodalen Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume und einer anteilsmäßig maximalen Längserstreckung derselben im Bereich zwischen 1,0 und 30,0 mm hergestellt, in eine Gießform oder Kokille eingebracht und in dieser im wesentlichen unter allseitigem Druck verdichtet wird, wobei den, die Hohlräume einschließenden Partikel beinhaltenden Metallschmelzen-Begrenzungswänden zumindest teilweise ebenflächige Bereiche erteilt werden und die Erstarrungswärme der Schmelze abgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erstellung der monomodalen Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume das Gas durch mindestens ein in die Schmelze vorspringend einragendes Eintragsrohr eingebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Verdichtung des fließfähigen Metallschaumes in einer Kokille mit Innenmaßen die den gewünschten Abmessungen des Formkörpers entsprechen, durchgeführt wird.
- Leichtgewichtiger Formkörper aus Metallschaum, bestehend aus einer Metallmatrix in welche Partikel eingelagert sind und welche eine Vielzahl von im wesentlichen sphärischen und/oder im wesentlichen ellipsoiden Hohlräumen umschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Metallschaum des Formkörpers bei räumlicher Betrachtung eine monomodale Verteilung der anteilsmäßig maximalen Längserstreckungen der Hohlräume im Beeich zwischen 1,0 und 30,0 mm aufweist.
- Formkörper nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest teilweise die Hohlräume einschließenden Begrenzungswände ebenflächige Bereiche aufweisen.
- Formkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei räumlicher Betrachtung des Metallschaumes das Verhältnis der maximalen Längserstreckungen zweier jeweils verschiedener Hohlräume im Mittel über zumindest 20 Paare kleiner als 45 ist.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei räumlicher Betrachtung des Metallschaumes das Verhältnis der maximalen Längserstreckungen zweier jeweils verschiedener Hohlräume im Mittel über zumindest 20 Paare kleiner als 30, vorzugsweise kleiner als 15 und insbesondere kleiner als 5 ist.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikel in der Metallmatrix gleichmäßig verteilt eingelagert sind.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aneinander angrenzende Hohlräume durch die Metallmatrix vollständig voneinander getrennt sind.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallmatrix aus einem Leichtmetall, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, besteht.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Metallmatrix eingelagerten Partikel eine Größe von 1 bis 50 µm, vorzugsweise 3 bis 20 µm aufweisen.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Metallmatrix nicht-metallische Partikel, vorzugsweise SiC Partikel und/oder Al2 O3 Partikel und/oder solche aus intermetallischen Phasen, eingelagert sind.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Volumsanteil der eingelagerten Partikel in der Metallmatrix zwischen 10 Vol.-% und 50 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 Vol.-% und 30 Vol.-%, beträgt.
- Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichte des Metallschaumes weniger als 1,05 g/cm3, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,7 g/cm3, insbesondere weniger als 0.3 g/cm-3, beträgt.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200231055T SI1266973T1 (sl) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Postopek izdelave lahkega ulitka in ulitek iz penjene kovine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0093501A AT410103B (de) | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen formkörpers und formkörper aus metallschaum |
AT9352001 | 2001-06-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1266973A2 true EP1266973A2 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
EP1266973A3 EP1266973A3 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
EP1266973B1 EP1266973B1 (de) | 2015-03-04 |
Family
ID=3683236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02450137.1A Expired - Lifetime EP1266973B1 (de) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Formkörpers und Formkörper aus Metallschaum |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1266973B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4158170B2 (de) |
AT (1) | AT410103B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2390766C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ304437B6 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2533772T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20022756L (de) |
PT (1) | PT1266973E (de) |
SI (1) | SI1266973T1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1419835A1 (de) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-05-19 | Hütte Klein-Reichenbach Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von fliessfähigem Metallschaum |
EP1482062A1 (de) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-01 | Universität Hannover | Kokillengiessverfahren und ein Schaumgiessverfahren sowie eine druckdicht verschliessbare Giessform zur Herstellung von Formteilen |
WO2019070487A1 (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-11 | Ih Holdings Limited | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHARGED METAL FOAMS |
CN110438360A (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-12 | 北京康普锡威科技有限公司 | 泡沫铝或铝合金材料的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10325819B4 (de) * | 2003-06-07 | 2005-06-23 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallschaumkörpers |
AT503824B1 (de) | 2006-07-13 | 2009-07-15 | Huette Klein Reichenbach Gmbh | Metallformkörper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE102008000100B4 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2013-10-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Grünkörpers, danach hergestellter leichtgewichtiger Grünkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen Formkörpers |
WO2010029864A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 発泡金属用前駆体および発泡金属の製造方法、並びに前記製造方法で製造された発泡金属用前駆体および発泡金属 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0483184A1 (de) * | 1989-07-17 | 1992-05-06 | Norsk Hydro As | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dispersionsverfestigten metallschaumes sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
US5281251A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-01-25 | Alcan International Limited | Process for shape casting of particle stabilized metal foam |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4973358A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1990-11-27 | Alcan International Limited | Method of producing lightweight foamed metal |
US5112697A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1992-05-12 | Alcan International Limited | Stabilized metal foam body |
DE69212157T2 (de) * | 1991-05-31 | 1996-11-21 | Alcan Int Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen profilierter platten aus teilchenstabilisiertem metallschaum |
-
2001
- 2001-06-15 AT AT0093501A patent/AT410103B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-06-10 NO NO20022756A patent/NO20022756L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-11 JP JP2002204813A patent/JP4158170B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-11 CZ CZ2002-2035A patent/CZ304437B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 PT PT2450137T patent/PT1266973E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-14 ES ES02450137.1T patent/ES2533772T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 EP EP02450137.1A patent/EP1266973B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 CA CA002390766A patent/CA2390766C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-14 SI SI200231055T patent/SI1266973T1/sl unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0483184A1 (de) * | 1989-07-17 | 1992-05-06 | Norsk Hydro As | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dispersionsverfestigten metallschaumes sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
US5281251A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-01-25 | Alcan International Limited | Process for shape casting of particle stabilized metal foam |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
MIYOSHI T ET AL: "Aluminum foam, 'ALPORAS': the production process, properties and applications" MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, PITTSBURG, PA, US, Bd. 521, 1998, Seiten 133-137, XP002225837 ISSN: 0272-9172 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1419835A1 (de) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-05-19 | Hütte Klein-Reichenbach Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von fliessfähigem Metallschaum |
US7144636B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2006-12-05 | Huette Klein-Reichenbach Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Process and device for manufacturing free-flowing metal foam |
US7959852B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2011-06-14 | Hütte Klein-Reichenbach Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Process and device for manufacturing free-flowing metal foam |
EP1482062A1 (de) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-01 | Universität Hannover | Kokillengiessverfahren und ein Schaumgiessverfahren sowie eine druckdicht verschliessbare Giessform zur Herstellung von Formteilen |
US7174946B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2007-02-13 | The University Of Hannover | Chill casting process and foam casting process as well as a pressure tight closable casting mold for manufacture of form parts |
WO2019070487A1 (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-11 | Ih Holdings Limited | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHARGED METAL FOAMS |
CN110438360A (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-12 | 北京康普锡威科技有限公司 | 泡沫铝或铝合金材料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ304437B6 (cs) | 2014-05-07 |
CA2390766A1 (en) | 2002-12-15 |
ATA9352001A (de) | 2002-06-15 |
CA2390766C (en) | 2007-06-12 |
NO20022756D0 (no) | 2002-06-10 |
NO20022756L (no) | 2002-12-16 |
SI1266973T1 (sl) | 2015-08-31 |
JP4158170B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
JP2003119526A (ja) | 2003-04-23 |
EP1266973A3 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
AT410103B (de) | 2003-02-25 |
CZ20022035A3 (cs) | 2003-02-12 |
EP1266973B1 (de) | 2015-03-04 |
PT1266973E (pt) | 2015-04-28 |
ES2533772T3 (es) | 2015-04-15 |
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