EP1264009B1 - Verfahren zum aufbringen einer metallschicht auf leichtmetalloberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum aufbringen einer metallschicht auf leichtmetalloberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1264009B1 EP1264009B1 EP01929243A EP01929243A EP1264009B1 EP 1264009 B1 EP1264009 B1 EP 1264009B1 EP 01929243 A EP01929243 A EP 01929243A EP 01929243 A EP01929243 A EP 01929243A EP 1264009 B1 EP1264009 B1 EP 1264009B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- iron
- layers
- deposition
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/20—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
Definitions
- tungsten carbide particles in one Metal matrix for example in a cobalt or cobalt / chrome layer, on the Surfaces are applied so that a very adhesive and in particular corrosion-resistant layer is formed.
- plasma spraying can also be made of tungsten carbide layers, which is a very have good tribological behavior.
- the layers mentioned differ depending on the manufacturing process Disadvantages: Partly the production of these layers is extraordinary elaborate and therefore expensive, so that they are for mass application as is not suitable in automobile construction (for example detonation syringes and HVOF technique).
- the described electroplated Nickel / phosphor layers do not have sufficiently good tribological layers Properties on.
- the latter have not been used as a coating for cylinder running surfaces proven because the emergency running properties of the engine, i.e. its suitability, a temporary tearing of the oil film on the treads without damage to survive were unsatisfactory in this case. That was because of one unsatisfactory corrosion resistance of the layers with permanently too low Oil temperature and / or against fuels containing a lot of sulfur and on the associated poor wear properties.
- An alternative coating system is specified in DE 196 53 210 A1. It These are corrosion-resistant layers of iron that are 0.02 to Contain 0.5 wt .-% nitrogen. It is stated that these layers are based on electroplated on aluminum and its alloys can be. The application of such layers is exemplified coating the inside of aluminum cylinders of internal combustion engines specified.
- An iron (II) ion is used to deposit the layers containing deposition bath used and the layer electrolytically below Use of an anode made of iron or preferably under Using an insoluble anode deposited from a film from an oxide of ruthenium, iridium, tantalum, tungsten, rhodium, cobalt or manganese titanium plate.
- US-A-4,746,412 describes a bath for the deposition of iron / phosphorus alloy layers disclosed.
- Such baths contain iron (II) ions, hypophosphorous Acid, a hypophosphite, phosphorous acid or an orthophosphite and optionally boric acid or aluminum chloride.
- the received Layers have a phosphorus content of 0.1 to 9.9% by weight.
- the Layers are, for example, on the inner walls of pistons of internal combustion engines applied.
- the layers have according to the information in this Document good tribological properties.
- the present invention is therefore based on the problem, the disadvantages to avoid the known coating processes and in particular a Process to be found with the functional layers on the light metal surfaces are formed, on the one hand, with regard to specific applications required wear properties, corrosion resistance as well as the adhesive strength of the layers on the surfaces Specifications met.
- the process is intended for industrial mass production can be used. For this purpose, it should be easy to monitor, so that the need for ongoing analysis and constant replenishment of Chemicals for the bath composition does not exist.
- the Properties of the layers that can be deposited using the method only in one fluctuate within a narrow tolerance range without and control technology required. Rather, the process is supposed to have the greatest possible automation potential. With the procedure in particular, it may also be possible to reproducibly produce such functional layers on cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines in more uniform Deposit thickness.
- a step according to the invention of the claimed method therefore goes into essentially from the problem that the Fe (II) compounds by the Iron deposition is consumed and that fluctuating concentrations the bath components, especially the Fe (II) compounds, are intolerable are.
- the solution to this problem is to close the Fe (II) compounds form that the Fe (III) compounds formed on their oxidation at the anodes be brought into contact with iron parts and chemically with them be implemented, whereby the iron parts dissolve.
- the iron parts dissolve.
- the iron parts will also dissolve with the formation of hydrogen largely suppressed by the acidic electrolyte, so that the Formation of the Fe (II) compounds depends essentially on the concentration of the Fe (III) compounds in the deposition bath.
- the claimed method is compared to methods where the Fe (II) compounds in the form of dissolved salts to the plating bath be added when insoluble anodes are used, extremely elegant and easy to carry out since Fe (II) compounds essentially form Fe (III) compounds only to an extent, such as at the anode are formed by the electrochemical oxidation reaction. So that poses the content of the Fe (II) compounds almost automatically changes to the desired one Value. This value is exceeded with the previous setting suitable process parameters are practically excluded as well as falling below this value. This eliminates error-prone monitoring and management of the bath through ongoing analyzes and replenishment in the With regard to the Fe (II) concentration as when supplemented with solutions from Fe (II) compounds or their solid salts. Therefore, by this alone Measure already a largely constant concentration of Fe (II) compounds reached in the bathroom, so that the need is eliminated, continuously iron salts to have to dose.
- the iron parts are preferably housed in a separate container.
- the deposition bath is circulated between the treatment compartment, in which the surfaces to be coated and the anode are located, and this separate container.
- the bath solution is preferably passed into the separate container, for example pumped, immediately after contact with the anode, on which Fe (III) compounds are formed by electrochemical reaction, in order to ensure that the Fe (III) compounds come into contact with the Avoid cathode surface. Otherwise, the Fe (III) compounds would be parasitically reduced to Fe (II) compounds at this point, so that the cathodic current yield would be reduced even further.
- Fe 3+ ions are consumed in the separate container in accordance with the following reaction equation, again forming Fe 2+ ions: 2 Fe 3+ + Fe 0 ⁇ 3 Fe 2+ (dissolution reaction on the iron parts)
- the composition of the deposition solution nevertheless changes with prolonged operation. This was found in particular when the method was carried out at a relatively high cathodic current density.
- a high anodic current density for example in the range from 10 A / dm 2 to 100 A / dm 2 , is required for industrial use of the method, in particular in mass production, for economic reasons.
- the change in the composition of the bath (increase in the iron concentration) could be attributed to the low cathodic current efficiency of the iron deposition under these conditions, while the anodic current efficiency is in principle not affected.
- the anode also becomes oxygen in an equimolar amount formed from the aqueous separation bath, so that the formation balance for the Fe (II) compounds in the overall system is therefore constant.
- a side reaction only finds the water electrolysis by the two electrochemical Sub-processes on the cathodic light metal surface and the anode surface instead of.
- the geometry of the Anode chosen for a certain cathodic current density are to be processed Components with different sized workpiece surfaces are used or if the current density is changed, the cathodic one also changes Current density, so that to adapt to these changed conditions an anode with also adapted dimensions must be used.
- this is expensive and in an industrial industry requiring flexibility Manufacturing process not easily feasible.
- the Ratio of the switch-off to switch-on duration set to a value on average is so large that the anodic current efficiency for the oxidation of the Fe (II) -connections to Fe (III) -connections is, in terms of time, just as large as the cathodic current efficiency for iron deposition from the deposition bath.
- the anodic current density is temporarily increased by lower anodic electricity yield and in this way the educational balance keep the Fe (II) compounds constant in the overall system over time.
- the production rate of Fe (III) compounds to Fe (II) compounds is adjusted to the respective conditions, so that in steady state on the one hand Fe (II) compounds cathodic reaction are consumed on the workpiece surface, on the other hand the Fe (II) compounds are formed by the dissolution of the iron parts by their reaction with the Fe (III) compounds and finally by the anode reaction Fe (II) compounds, each adapted to the changing conditions, are consumed: 2 Fe 3+ + Fe 0 ⁇ 3 Fe 2+ (dissolution reaction on the iron parts) Fe 2+ + 2e - ⁇ Fe 0 (cathode reaction on the workpiece surface) Fe 3+ + e - ⁇ Fe 2+ (anode reaction)
- concentrations of the Fe (II) and Fe (III) compounds can therefore be determined by controlling the anodic current yield according to the invention Targeted at any time in a very simple way.
- a preferred method of controlling (lowering) the anodic Current efficiency for the oxidation of the Fe (II) - to the Fe (III) compounds exists also in surrounding the anode with a diaphragm.
- a diaphragm a liquid-permeable fabric can be used for this.
- At least the convective transport of Fe (II) compounds becomes Anode prevented or at least severely hindered.
- the overvoltage of the anodic partial reaction rises sharply (Increase in concentration overvoltage), so that alternatively oxygen at the Anode is developed.
- the amount of oxygen generated at the anode becomes thus via the diffusion limit current of the oxidation of the Fe (II) compounds set.
- the deposition solution additionally contains at least one compound from the group consisting of hypophosphite, orthophosphite, molybdenum compounds and tungsten compounds.
- the salts for example alkali metal salts (NaHPO 2 , KHPO 2 , Na 2 HPO 3 , K 2 HPO 3 etc.) and their acids (H 2 PO 2 , H 3 PO 3 ) can be used as hypophosphite and orthophosphite compounds.
- Alkali molybdates in particular can be used as molybdenum compounds and alkali tungstates in particular, but also other molybdates and tungstates, can be used as tungsten compounds.
- Alloys are present in the presence of the compounds mentioned in the deposition bath of iron with phosphorus, molybdenum and / or tungsten.
- very hard functional layers are formed to the separating bath, which in addition have a high wear resistance.
- the using of molybdenum and / or tungsten compounds in the deposition bath Layers also have high hardness and very good corrosion resistance on.
- the tribological properties of those with the aforementioned Layers of bath additives are very good: for tribological ones Tests did not show any tears from those applied to the light metal surfaces Layers found.
- the layers that can be produced with these additives are because of their hardness and wear resistance especially for the Coating of cylinder surfaces of internal combustion engines is suitable.
- hypophosphite and orthophosphite compounds on the inert, dimensionally stable anode not oxidized. Therefore, their usability was under the conditions chosen here unpredictable with an inert anode.
- iron / phosphor layers are deposited which contain phosphorus in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight. These layers were examined using physical methods (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies). It was found that the iron / phosphorus alloys produced are nanocrystalline, ie consist of crystallites with a size of at most about 500 nm, preferably at most 200 nm. This was determined with scanning electron microscope examinations using the backscattering method.
- the aqueous separation bath preferably contains the bath components in dissolved form Shape.
- hypophosphite, orthophosphite, Molybdenum and / or tungsten compounds can also give the bath acids for example inorganic acids, preferably hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, Fluoroboric acid and / or perchloric acid.
- organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, amidosulfonic acid, formic acid and acetic acid.
- the bath can also be a complexing agent for iron to influence the deposition potential and other additives, such as wetting agents for influencing the surface tension of the bath, organic Inhibitors to influence the deposition properties, others the Deposition-influencing additives or other additives.
- additives such as wetting agents for influencing the surface tension of the bath, organic Inhibitors to influence the deposition properties, others the Deposition-influencing additives or other additives.
- Additives are common from the electroplating of metals known.
- the individual treatment liquids are each filled into the cylinder cavities become.
- the cavities are covered with suitable pump systems the separate container containing the iron parts and further storage containers connected in which the individual treatment liquids are located.
- the Treatment fluids and the rinse water one after the other exactly pumped predetermined schedule into the cavities, there for leave for a certain period of time and after completion of the respective treatment removed again.
- the other necessary procedural conditions set in the cavities for example a suitable one forced convection in the treatment fluids, flushing the Liquids with oxygen or air and setting the desired treatment temperatures.
- the formation rate of Fe 3+ was determined as a function of the set cathodic current density (cathodic current efficiency of 60%) : current density [A / dm 2 ] Formation rate Fe 3+ [G / min] 30 3.95 20 2.60 10 1.32
- the regeneration process could also be carried out under technically practicable conditions.
- the deposition was carried out under the following conditions: current density 10 - 20 A / dm 2 bath temperature 60 ° C PH value 1 pump speed 21 ml / s Bath volume soluble iron anode 5 l
- the hardness of the layer measured according to Vickers, was 700 ⁇ 20 HV 0.1 .
- the layers showed tensile stress (deflection approximately 290 °).
- the values obtained corresponded to those obtained with electrodeposition Nickel and electrolessly deposited nickel / phosphor layers.
- the wear coefficient k v was determined in [mm 3 / Nm], ie the volume removal on the piston ring and the cylinder surface.
- the coefficient of friction f a was also determined as a coefficient from the torque and the applied normal force F N.
- the determined wear coefficients k v [mm 3 / Nm] were: iron layer cast iron On the piston ring 1 ⁇ 10 -8 - 1 ⁇ 10 -9 1 ⁇ 10 -8 - 1 ⁇ 10 -10 On the cylinder wall 2 ⁇ 10 -6 - 5 ⁇ 10 -7 2 ⁇ 10 -6 - 5 ⁇ 10 -8
- the comparison values in the right column replace the values for gray cast iron the iron coating.
- the determined coefficients of friction f a were: iron layer cast iron At the start 0.14 ⁇ 0.02 0.12 ⁇ 0.02 At the end 0.12 ⁇ 0.02 0.12 ⁇ 0.03
- the comparison values in the right column replace the values for gray cast iron the iron coating.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a preferred electrochemical arrangement for iron deposition on the wall surfaces of cylinders of internal combustion engines.
- the interior 2 of a cylinder 1 consisting of an aluminum alloy is filled with electrolyte liquid up to level 3 .
- An anode 4 made of titanium, which is coated with ruthenium oxide, is sunk concentrically into the interior 2 .
- the anode 4 is surrounded by a diaphragm 5 which is resistant to the electrolyte liquid and which is made, for example, of polypropylene.
- the interior 2 is closed with a lid (not shown).
- the cylinder 1 is also connected via a feed line 6 to the negative pole and the anode 4 via a feed line 7 to the positive pole of a current source (not shown).
Description
40 g/l FeCl3 · 6 H2O
40 g/l FeCl3 · 6 H2O
15 g/l Na2HPO3 · 5 H2O
Stromdichte [A/dm2] | Bildungsrate Fe3+ [g/min] |
30 | 3,95 |
20 | 2,60 |
10 | 1,32 |
Stromdichte [A/dm2] | notwendige Fläche [cm2] |
30 | 321 |
20 | 211 |
10 | 107 |
Schritt | Bad | Temperatur [°C] | Behandlungszeit [sec] |
1. Entfetten | Netzmittel enthaltende Lösung | 60 | 300 - 600 |
2. Beizen | NaOH (33 Gew.-%) | 60 | 30 |
3. Spülen | Leitungswasser | Raumtemperatur | 10 |
4. Eisen-Beize | 50 g/l FeCl3 50 g/l HCl | 70 | 30 |
5. Spülen | Leitungswasser | Raumtemperatur | 10 |
Stromdichte | 10 - 20 A/dm2 |
Badtemperatur | 60°C |
pH-Wert | 1 |
Pumpgeschwindigkeit | 21 ml/s |
Badvolumen lösliche Eisenanode | 5 l |
Fe-Gehalt [%] | P-Gehalt [%] | C-Gehalt [%] | O-Gehalt [%] |
92-95 | 0,9-1,2 | 2-4 | 2,5-3,5 |
Geschwindigkeit des Ringes | v = 0,3 m/s |
Normalkraft auf die Zylinderwand | FN = 50 N |
Öltemperatur | T = 170°C |
Gleitweg | s = 24 km |
Eisenschicht | Grauguß | |
Am Kolbenring | 1 · 10-8 - 1 · 10-9 | 1 · 10-8 - 1 · 10-10 |
Auf der Zylinderwand | 2 · 10-6 - 5 · 10-7 | 2 · 10-6 - 5 · 10-8 |
Eisenschicht | Grauguß | |
Zu Beginn | 0,14 ± 0,02 | 0,12 ± 0,02 |
Am Ende | 0,12 ±0.02 | 0,12 ±0,03 |
Claims (7)
- Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Metallschicht auf Oberflächen von Leichtmetallen, bei dem Eisen aus einem Fe(II)-Verbindungen enthaltenden wäßrigen Abscheidebad unter Verwendung von dimensionsstabilen, in dem Abscheidebad unlöslichen Anoden auf den Oberflächen elektrolytisch abgeschieden wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fe(II)-Verbindungen in einer Reaktion von bei der Oxidation der Fe(II)-Verbindungen an den Anoden entstehenden Fe(III)-Verbindungen mit Eisenteilen gebildet werden und daß die Stromdichte an der Anodenoberfläche zumindest zeitweise so weit erhöht wird, daß die anodische Stromausbeute für die Oxidation der Fe(II)-Verbindungen zu den Fe(III)-Verbindungen zumindest zeitgemittelt genauso groß wird wie die kathodische Stromausbeute für die Eisenabscheidung aus dem Abscheidebad.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der Anodenoberfläche intermittierend an- und abgeschaltet wird, wobei das Verhältnis der Ab- zur Anschaltdauer im Zeitmittel auf einen Wert eingestellt wird, der so groß ist, daß die anodische Stromausbeute für die Oxidation der Fe(II)-Verbindungen zu den Fe(III)-Verbindungen zeitgemittelt genauso groß ist wie die kathodische Stromausbeute für die Eisenabscheidung aus dem Abscheidebad.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die anodische Stromdichte durch Wahl der Anodenoberfläche auf den gewünschten Wert eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein die Anode umgebendes Diaphragma vorgesehen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Abscheidebad zusätzlich mindestens eine Verbindung, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, umfassend Hypophosphit-, Orthophosphit-, Molybdän- und Wolfram-Verbindungen, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Oberflächen von Leichtmetallen aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Aluminium, Magnesium und deren Legierungen, beschichtet werden.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche zum Beschichten von Zylinderlaufflächen von Verbrennungsmotoren und von rotationssymmetrischen Teilen mit Schichten mit sehr hoher Verschleißbeständigkeit, insbesondere von Ventilen, Düsen und anderen Teilen von Hochdruckeinspritzsystemen für Kraftfahrzeugmotoren.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10013298A DE10013298C2 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2000-03-09 | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Metallschicht auf Leichtmetalloberflächen und Anwendung des Verfahrens |
DE10013298 | 2000-03-09 | ||
PCT/DE2001/000944 WO2001066830A2 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-03-07 | Verfahren zum aufbringen einer metallschicht auf leichtmetalloberflächen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1264009A2 EP1264009A2 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
EP1264009B1 true EP1264009B1 (de) | 2004-12-01 |
Family
ID=7635296
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01929243A Expired - Lifetime EP1264009B1 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-03-07 | Verfahren zum aufbringen einer metallschicht auf leichtmetalloberflächen |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7138043B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1264009B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4431297B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE283935T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU5611301A (de) |
DE (2) | DE10013298C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2232618T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1264009E (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001066830A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10159890B4 (de) * | 2001-12-06 | 2006-02-16 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren für das Beschichten von Aluminiumwerkstoffen mit Funktionsschichten aus Eisen |
DE10347145B4 (de) * | 2003-10-10 | 2006-01-12 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verschleißschutzschicht |
US7494578B2 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2009-02-24 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Iron-phosphorus electroplating bath and method |
JP4054813B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2008-03-05 | 株式会社共立 | アルミニウム合金製素材のめっき方法 |
DE102006029835A1 (de) | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Fahrwerksrahmen eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
US20090242081A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Richard Bauer | Aluminum Treatment Composition |
JP5223449B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-12 | 2013-06-26 | スズキ株式会社 | めっき処理ライン |
CN102787933A (zh) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-11-21 | 芜湖鼎恒材料技术有限公司 | 具有纳米合金涂层的气缸 |
CN103966634B (zh) * | 2014-04-09 | 2017-01-04 | 上海大学 | 直接电镀得到纳米铁镀层的方法 |
US10941766B2 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2021-03-09 | Halliburton Energy Sendees, Inc. | Multi-layer coating for plunger and/or packing sleeve |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1945107A (en) * | 1931-05-27 | 1934-01-30 | Frederic A Eustis | Method of making ductile electrolytic iron |
US3086927A (en) * | 1960-08-29 | 1963-04-23 | Horst Corp Of America V D | Iron-phosphorus electroplating |
US4101389A (en) | 1976-05-20 | 1978-07-18 | Sony Corporation | Method of manufacturing amorphous alloy |
CA1255246A (en) | 1983-05-14 | 1989-06-06 | Toshio Irie | Corrosion resistant surface-treated steel strip and process for making |
US4533441A (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-08-06 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Practical amorphous iron electroform and method for achieving same |
US4746412A (en) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-05-24 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Iron-phosphorus electroplating bath and electroplating method using same |
EP0265887B1 (de) * | 1986-10-31 | 1994-01-05 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Plattierungslösung |
JPH0248635B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-10-25 | Uemura Kogyo Kk | Tetsu*rindenkimetsukyoku |
JPH04372907A (ja) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-25 | Canon Inc | 導波型分岐、結合素子 |
US5368719A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1994-11-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method for direct plating of iron on aluminum |
GB2308387B (en) | 1995-12-21 | 1998-01-14 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Corrosion resistant iron plating film and method of forming the same |
JPH09228092A (ja) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-09-02 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 耐腐食性鉄メッキ膜およびメッキ方法 |
DE19706524A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 | 1998-08-20 | Basf Ag | Feinteiliges phosphorhaltiges Eisen |
-
2000
- 2000-03-09 DE DE10013298A patent/DE10013298C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-07 AT AT01929243T patent/ATE283935T1/de active
- 2001-03-07 DE DE50104686T patent/DE50104686D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 US US10/220,939 patent/US7138043B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-07 ES ES01929243T patent/ES2232618T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 JP JP2001565431A patent/JP4431297B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-07 EP EP01929243A patent/EP1264009B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 WO PCT/DE2001/000944 patent/WO2001066830A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-07 AU AU56113/01A patent/AU5611301A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-07 PT PT01929243T patent/PT1264009E/pt unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7138043B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
AU5611301A (en) | 2001-09-17 |
WO2001066830A2 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
US20030116442A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
WO2001066830A3 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
ATE283935T1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1264009A2 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
JP2003526015A (ja) | 2003-09-02 |
DE10013298C2 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
DE10013298A1 (de) | 2001-09-20 |
JP4431297B2 (ja) | 2010-03-10 |
DE50104686D1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
ES2232618T3 (es) | 2005-06-01 |
PT1264009E (pt) | 2005-04-29 |
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