EP1256761B1 - Process and apparatus for cleaning incineration boilers during operation - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for cleaning incineration boilers during operation Download PDFInfo
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- EP1256761B1 EP1256761B1 EP02009244A EP02009244A EP1256761B1 EP 1256761 B1 EP1256761 B1 EP 1256761B1 EP 02009244 A EP02009244 A EP 02009244A EP 02009244 A EP02009244 A EP 02009244A EP 1256761 B1 EP1256761 B1 EP 1256761B1
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- water
- cleaning
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- hose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
- F28G1/16—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for boiler cleaning of incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants.
- the incinerators are often equipped with three empty trains to redirect the flue gases and break the thermals from the furnace. Another advantage of this diversion is certainly also seen in the reduction in the height of the plant.
- empty trains usually no convective heating surfaces - ie transverse to the flue gas flow tubes - installed. To increase the heating surfaces, if required, bulkheads are arranged in the direction of the flue gas.
- the steam in the superheater is heated in the convective area above the saturated steam temperature and the feed water in the economizer is heated to approximately the boiling point of the associated pressure in the boiler drum.
- the flue gas heat that is above this requirement in the balance is used in the convective evaporator to evaporate boiler water.
- the flue gas generally exits the economiser at temperatures between 180 and 280 ° C and is cleaned in the flue gas cleaning.
- the boiler systems are then run for cleaning when the flue gas temperature after the economizer is higher than the downstream flue gas cleaning permits or rises above the superheater to about 650 ° C.
- the flue gases for the arranged in the convective part superheater heating surfaces are particularly aggressive and dough doughy.
- the travel time - in most cases the time from a cleaning-related shutdown to the next - is crucial for the availability of the boiler system.
- the maximum flue gas temperature of 650 ° C before the superheater often leads to increased corrosive wear in the superheater, the boiler system must be operated with this high flue gas temperature in order to achieve sufficient availability.
- the heating surfaces are cleaned by high-pressure steam-operated lances.
- the steam occurs at the steam sound velocity - which is several times the speed of sound of normal air - from the nozzles of the lance and cleans the heating surfaces.
- the pulse of the resulting Free jet in accordance with the kinetic laws remains virtually unchanged, the speed of the free jet decreases by suction of ambient flue gas very quickly, so that the success of cleaning in the vicinity of the beam is very good, but at a distance from the lance leaves something to be desired.
- Due to the high speeds water droplets and dust particles in the vicinity of the lance can have an abrasive effect on the heating surfaces.
- the endangered heating surfaces are therefore often protected with special protective shells against abrasion.
- a cleaning method with water lance blowers has proven very successful in large-scale boiler plants for power generation and has also been used successfully in waste incineration plants.
- moving water nozzles are installed on the outer heating walls of the boiler plants, which clean the opposite heating surfaces and also parts of the side walls via an automated drive.
- the water jet is in this case performed in rows on the ablated heating surface and thus occurs only in one place.
- large cleaning successes can be achieved by the large dimensions of the radiation trains and the large areas to be cleaned off with a few water lance blowers.
- the cleaning itself is done both by the associated with the cooling Thermal stress as well as the fact that the water jet gets under pressure by the pressure under the coverings and this lifts off by overpressure.
- the disadvantage of this method is that the device can be installed only on outer walls and thus can clean only the associated opposite walls or parts of the side walls.
- the method is not suitable to clean all walls.
- the heating surface to be cleaned per water lance blower is limited by the angle with which the water impinges. Therefore, in particular, it is possible to advantageously clean up empty ducts with broad dimensions.
- the incinerators of waste incinerators are generally lean. This is especially true when installing Schottenflower. With idle heights of 10 meters, the distances between the adjacent bulkheads and the distances between the bulkheads and the outer walls of the boiler can be less than one meter.
- a mounting of water lances on the boiler ceiling is basically possible, but has not been carried out practically because of the boiler drum mounted there, connected to the boiler drum boiling water pipes and steam pipes and the high ambient temperatures for the purification of waste incineration plants.
- the DE3106421A1 is a method and apparatus for cleaning the flame tube of a boiler provided with at least one flame tube known. During operation of the boiler this is traversed by a flue gas in a predetermined direction. For cleaning the wall at least two separate blast medium jets are provided. The BlasstrahlaufThese Schle on the wall of the flame tube describe mutually offset helical tracks. For this it is necessary that the blowing device is rotated during the cleaning process.
- the DD112512C describes a fixed blow head for sootblowers.
- the blow head has a mushroom-shaped guide, which projects beyond the blow tube in diameter.
- At the tip of the blow head four slot nozzles are placed on a cutting plane in the blowpipe immediately behind the mushroom-shaped guide.
- the slot nozzles are chamfered to both sides and to the rear by large chamfers.
- the DE289072C describes a blowpipe for cleaning the opposite heating pipes of double boiler with communal smoke chamber.
- the blowpipe has at its front end a nozzle which has a circular outlet.
- To change the gap width of the nozzle two conical parts which define the gap, relative to each other adjustable.
- Tubular cleaning devices are basically also known from other technical fields, such as z, B, from the US 2,735,794 , There, a tubular cleaning and sterilization device is described, in particular for the Use in the food industry or milk production.
- the object of the invention is to develop a method and a device which makes it possible to hitherto insufficiently to be cleaned with the devices and methods according to the prior art heating surfaces of Leerscopen of incinerators, especially of waste incineration plants during operation of coverings and thus to ensure the heat utilization of the flue gases in the associated temperature range of the boiler.
- the inventive method for cleaning heating surfaces of incinerators, especially of waste-fired incinerators, with vertical Leermann that pollute during operation characterized by the drop of water at speeds that are below an abrasive effect, preferably less than 50m / s, for simultaneous All-round cleaning of the contaminants (deposits) on a level that is used for the cleaning areas of the empty runs.
- the cleaning level is moved vertically during the cleaning, whereby the cleaning during the operation of the incinerator, ie online, is performed.
- the amount of cleaning water is chosen so small that substantially no cleaning water enters a funnel of the incinerator.
- the water supply takes place via a vertically downwardly hanging heat-resistant flexible hose, wherein at least one nozzle for distributing the water is provided at the lower end of the hose.
- a Umlenkrunddüse drained on a flexible hose in the boiler can be used for online cleaning also in previously unachievable boiler areas.
- the flexible hose is introduced through a suitable feed pipe at the point in the boiler, under which the surfaces to be cleaned are arranged.
- the inventively developed Umlenkungsrunddüse brings through the heavy, vertically downwardly directed nozzle lance the water evenly on all surfaces (ceiling and sides) of the boiler area to be cleaned. Even with comparatively low saturated steam and flue gas temperatures, there is no danger that the water will get into the dust conveying system with the hard coverings detached by thermal shock.
- the cleaning water in the plane to be cleaned at the same time wets all side walls of the cleaning area of the train.
- the drop size is selected so that less than 5% of the water before vaporizing on the wall.
- the speed is chosen so that damage to the heating surface by abrasion is substantially avoided.
- the device for cleaning heating surfaces of a combustion plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, with vertical Leermann that pollute during operation is characterized in that the water supply takes place via a vertically hanging from above heat-resistant hose.
- the tube is introduced via a feed tube at the upper end of the Leeryakes, wherein the lower end of the hose is provided at least one nozzle for distributing the water.
- a control unit is used to adjust the altitude of the nozzle and to adjust the amount of water or water pressure.
- the control unit along with a hose length measurement, monitors the altitude of the nozzle and sets an appropriate setpoint of water or water pressure in front of the nozzle.
- the nozzle is designed such that the reaction forces of the escaping water cancel each other out.
- the nozzle lance is provided above the Umlenkrunddüse with spacers, which prevent the Umlenkrunddüse is damaged by wear in the feed tube.
- the pads removed by the thermal shock are unexpectedly small in size and can therefore be carried away easily with the installed dust conveyor system.
- the water pressure in front of the Umlenkrunddüse must only be chosen so high that the throw parabola formed from the exit angle ⁇ of the Umlenkrunddüse and the free fall reaches the ablated heating surface.
- the method according to the invention has several advantages:
- the incineration plant In order to achieve a particularly effective temperature shock in the coverings, the incineration plant must be driven during cleaning advantageous at maximum load. The power availability is thus not adversely affected by the cleaning.
- the travel time of the boiler system is no longer determined by the contamination of the heating surfaces of the empty trains.
- the impulse of the occurring water jet can be set so low that even the refractory lining in the first Leeryak can be cleaned without damage.
- the coverings are generally so soft that, according to previous experience, the water droplets penetrate as far as the heating surfaces or the refractory lining and there evaporate through the Leidenfrost'sche phenomenon without cooling the surfaces and thereby the adhesive pads very effectively blow away.
- the device can be fully automated and remains fully transportable with the exception of the feed tube.
- An installed pressure measurement and quantity measurement immediately detects faults by comparison with the setpoints.
- the flue gas temperatures before the superheater can be kept so low that the necessary superheat temperature of the live steam is just reached.
- Optimum service life of the heating surfaces of the superheaters is achieved with this criterion by minimal corrosion.
- the specific amount of water applied to the heating surfaces ensures that the water evaporates and does not get into the dust extraction system with the dust.
- the illustration 1 shows a waste incineration plant with a furnace 1 and three empty trains 2, 3, 4 wherein the third Leeryak 4 is equipped with bulkheads 5.1, 5.2.
- the boiler drum 6.1, the boiling water pipes 6.2 and steam pipes 6.3 are arranged.
- the superheaters 7.1-7.5, the evaporator 8.1-8.2 and the economizer 9.1-9.4 are installed in the convective area.
- the waste is passed through the feed chute 10 and the allocator 11 on the grate 12 and burns in the furnace 1.
- the flue gases cool in the boiler shown by way of example in the blanks 2, 3, 4 and the superheater 7.1-7.5, evaporator 8.1-8.2 and Economiser 9.1-9.4 to the exhaust gas temperature of 180 to 220 ° C from.
- the cleaning device is shown schematically.
- the reel 16 is connected via a quantity measurement 17, a control valve 18 and a pressure measurement 19 to a pressurized water connection 20.
- the reel 16 is driven by a torque-controlled, variable-speed drive 21.
- On the reel 16 of the flexible heat-resistant tube 22 is rolled up and connected.
- the reel 16 is connected to the pressurized water connection 20.
- On the flexible heat-resistant tube 22, the nozzle lance 23 is connected to the Umlenkrunddüse 24.
- the Umlenkrunddüse 24 can be adjusted via a threaded rod 25 and secured with the lock nut 26.
- the proper position of the tube 22 is monitored via an end position monitoring device 27.
- the hose length measurement 28 switches in automatic operation, the direction of movement of the reel 16 in the end positions and gives the control unit 29 information about the position of the Umlenkrunddüse 24.
- the control unit 29 provides with this information optionally the amount of water or water pressure in front of the reel 16 to the appropriate target value , To protect the Umlenkrunddüse 24 against wear in the feed tube 15 24 spacers 33 are mounted on the Umlenkrunddüse.
- the feed tube 15 is provided with the feed tube closure 30, which is closed when the cleaning is completed. During cleaning 31 air is supplied via the blocking air valve.
- the reel 16 together with accessories is brought into position above the inlet of the feed tube 15 and connected to the pressurized water connection 20 and the feed tube closure 30 and the blocking air valve 31.
- the program is started.
- the barrier air valve 31 and the Zugarrohrverschluß 30 open automatically and the hose 22 moves from the predetermined cleaning height according to the predetermined number of cycles. Thereafter, the tube 22 is moved back and first the Zunaturalrohrverschluß 30 and then the sealing air valve 31 is closed.
- the system shown is cleaned after a travel time of 3 weeks, each with 10 cycles.
- the Figure 3 shows the nozzle lance 23 with a centrally disposed threaded rod 25.
- the Umlenkrunddüse 24 can be adjusted and secured with the lock nut 26 that the gap thickness s between Umlenkrunddüse 24 and nozzle lance 23 the desired amount of water exits at the appropriate speed.
- the angle ⁇ of the nozzle lance 23 and the Umlenkrunddüse 24 determines the exit angle of the free jet.
- On the nozzle lance spacers 33 are mounted, which prevent the Umlenkrunddüse 24 is damaged when passing through the feed tube 15.
- the nozzle diameter d was selected in the examples of Figures 4a and b and 5 with 27 mm, the gap thickness s set to 0.7 mm.
- the water capacity is 3.0 m 3 / h, the cleaning height is -0.2 to -10 m from the boiler ceiling.
- the overpressure in front of the Umlenkrunddüse 24 is 1.0 bar.
- the entire length of the simultaneously wetted heating surface is in Figure 4a and 4b 12 m and in Figure 5 24 m, so that the specific water output was only 0.25 m 3 / hm and 0.125 m 3 / hm.
- the height of 10 m is passed through in 150 seconds.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Kesselreinigung von Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen.The invention relates to a method and a device for boiler cleaning of incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants.
Trotz aller politischer Bemühungen fallen noch Abfälle an, deren Recycling weder wirtschaftlich noch hygienisch vertretbar ist. Die Verbrennung dieser Restabfälle in geeigneten Abfallverbrennungsanlagen ist auch in Zukunft sicherlich umweltverträglicher als die Deponierung. Im Laufe der Jahre hat die Industrie Anlagen bereitgestellt, die bei Einhaltung der gesetzlichen Vorschriften ein Höchstmaß an Umweltschutz und Nutzung der Energie bieten. Die Verbrennung hat aufgrund der langjährigen Erfahrungen gegenüber allen anderen Behandlungsmethoden den am weitest entwickelten Stand der Technik eingenommen.Despite all political efforts, waste still accumulates whose recycling is neither economically nor hygienically justifiable. The incineration of this residual waste in suitable waste incineration plants is certainly more environmentally friendly in the future than landfilling. Over the years, the industry has provided facilities that provide the highest levels of environmental protection and energy use while complying with regulatory requirements. The combustion has taken the most advanced state of the art due to many years of experience compared to all other treatment methods.
Bei der Verbrennung entstehen zunächst neben den üblichen Verbrennungsgasen aggressive Gase, Metalldämpfe und Stäube, die durch die Verbrennungsführung und durch Abgasreinigungsvorrichtungen weitestgehend entfernt werden. Ein Teil dieser Stoffe belegt die Heizflächen der Verbrennungsanlagen, behindert damit die Wärmenutzung und kann zur Verlegungen des Rauchgasweges führen. Die Dämpfe von Alkalisalzen und Metallen wirken hierbei durch Kühlung und Kondensation in den Belägen als Kleber. Es hat sich als technisch erfolgreich erwiesen, die Rauchgastemperatur von der adiabaten Verbrennungstemperatur, die bei 1200 bis 1400 °C liegt, auf ca. 450 bis 650 °C über Wärmestrahlung im Feuerraum und in Leerzügen (
Wegen der großen freien Abmessungen können in Leerzügen auch durch starke Ablagerungen keine Verlegungen des Rauchgasweges auftreten. Leerzüge sind Kesselräume, die im Gegensatz zu konvektiven Kesselbereichen, wie Überhitzer, Verdampfer und Economiser, nicht mit einer großen Zahl von Wärmetauscherrohren ausgerüstet sind. Zur optimalen Wärmenutzung - bei Rauchgastemperaturen zwischen 200 und 400 °C ist der Wärmeübergang durch Strahlung vergleichsweise gering - sind zum Temperaturabbau nach den Leerzügen konvektive Heizflächen (Überhitzer, Verdampfer und Economiser) angeordnet. Dort sind zur Verbesserung des konvektiven Wärmeübergangs die Rohre quer zur Rauchgasrichtung angeordnet. Je nach Bedarf und Rauchgastemperaturniveau wird im konvektiven Bereich der Dampf im Überhitzer über die Sattdampftemperatur erhitzt und das Speisewasser im Economiser bis annähernd Siedetemperatur des zugehörigen Druckes in der Kesseltrommel erwärmt. Die bilanzmäßig über diesem Bedarf liegende Rauchgaswärme wird im konvektiven Verdampfer zur Verdampfung von Kesselwasser genutzt. Das Rauchgas tritt im allgemeinen mit Temperaturen zwischen 180 und 280 °C aus dem Economiser aus und wird in der Rauchgasreinigung gereinigt.Due to the large free dimensions can not occur in Leerzügen by heavy deposits no laying of the flue gas path. Empty trains are boiler rooms which, unlike convective boiler areas such as superheaters, evaporators and economizers, are not equipped with a large number of heat exchanger tubes. For optimal heat utilization - at flue gas temperatures between 200 and 400 ° C, the heat transfer by radiation is comparatively low - convective heating surfaces (superheater, evaporator and economizer) are arranged to reduce the temperature after the blank trains. There, the pipes are arranged transversely to the flue gas direction to improve the convective heat transfer. Depending on requirements and flue gas temperature level, the steam in the superheater is heated in the convective area above the saturated steam temperature and the feed water in the economizer is heated to approximately the boiling point of the associated pressure in the boiler drum. The flue gas heat that is above this requirement in the balance is used in the convective evaporator to evaporate boiler water. The flue gas generally exits the economiser at temperatures between 180 and 280 ° C and is cleaned in the flue gas cleaning.
Die Kesselanlagen werden zur Reinigung dann abgefahren, wenn die Rauchgastemperatur nach dem Economiser höher ist als die nachgeschaltete Rauchgasreinigung es zuläßt oder vor dem Überhitzer auf über 650 °C steigt. In diesem Temperaturbereich werden die Rauchgase für die im konvektiven Teil angeordneten Überhitzerheizflächen besonders aggressiv und die Beläge teigig. Die Reisezeit - in den meisten Fällen die Zeit von einer reinigungsbedingten Abstellung zur nächsten - ist entscheidend für die Verfügbarkeit der Kesselanlage. Obwohl die maximale Rauchgastemperatur von 650 °C vor dem Überhitzer häufig zu verstärktem korrosiven Verschleiß bei den Überhitzern führt, muß die Kesselanlage mit dieser hohen Rauchgastemperatur betrieben werden, um eine ausreichende Verfügbarkeit zu erreichen.The boiler systems are then run for cleaning when the flue gas temperature after the economizer is higher than the downstream flue gas cleaning permits or rises above the superheater to about 650 ° C. In this Temperature range, the flue gases for the arranged in the convective part superheater heating surfaces are particularly aggressive and dough doughy. The travel time - in most cases the time from a cleaning-related shutdown to the next - is crucial for the availability of the boiler system. Although the maximum flue gas temperature of 650 ° C before the superheater often leads to increased corrosive wear in the superheater, the boiler system must be operated with this high flue gas temperature in order to achieve sufficient availability.
Durch die vorab beschriebene Kondensation von Alkali- und Metalldämpfen sowie durch Sintereffekte bei hohen Temperaturen haften die Beläge besonders in den Leerzügen und sehr stark an den Heizflächen. Um die Heizflächen abzureinigen, wurden mit der Entwicklung der Abfallverbrennungsanlagen verschiedene Reinigungssysteme entwickelt und mit mehr oder weniger viel Erfolg eingesetzt.Due to the previously described condensation of alkali and metal vapors as well as sintering effects at high temperatures, the deposits adhere particularly in the empty runs and very strongly on the heating surfaces. In order to clean up the heating surfaces, with the development of waste incinerators different cleaning systems were developed and used with more or less success.
Bei der Abklopfung werden die von außen erreichbaren Heizflächen durch starke Schläge mit einem pneumatisch oder hydraulisch angetriebenen Klopfer erschüttert. Es wurden auch Versuche unternommen, den Schlagimpuls über wassergekühlte Rohre auf Heizflächen einzubringen, die nicht von außen zugängig waren. Die während des Betriebes durchgeführte Reinigung der Heizflächen der Leerzüge war jedoch wenig erfolgreich. Sie konnte durch Abfahren der Anlage aufgrund der dadurch in den Belägen auftretenden Temperaturspannungen geringfügig verbessert werden. Der Klopfimpuls kann im allgemeinen nicht gesteigert werden, da sowohl Schäden an den Klopfern als auch an den Heizflächen entstehen.When knocking off, the heating surfaces that can be reached from outside are shaken by heavy blows with a pneumatically or hydraulically driven knocker. Attempts have also been made to apply the impact pulse via water cooled pipes to heating surfaces which were not externally accessible. However, the cleaning of the blank heating surfaces during operation was unsuccessful. It could be slightly improved by shutting down the plant due to the resulting in the linings temperature stresses. The knock pulse can not be increased in general, since both damage to the knockers and on the heating surfaces arise.
Bei Dampfbläsern werden die Heizflächen über mit Hochdruckdampf betriebene Lanzen abgereinigt. Der Dampf tritt dabei mit der Dampfschallgeschwindigkeit - die mehrfach über der Schallgeschwindigkeit der normalen Luft liegt - aus den Düsen der Lanze aus und reinigt die Heizflächen ab. Während der Impuls des resultierenden Freistrahls entsprechend den kinetischen Gesetzen annähernd unverändert bleibt, nimmt die Geschwindigkeit des Freistrahls durch Ansaugen von Umgebungsrauchgas sehr schnell ab, so daß der Erfolg der Reinigung im Nahbereich des Strahls sehr gut ist, in größerer Entfernung von der Lanze aber zu wünschen übrig läßt. Durch die hohen Geschwindigkeiten können Wassertropfen und Staubpartikel im Nahbereich der Lanze abrasiv auf die Heizflächen einwirken. Die gefährdeten Heizflächen werden daher häufig mit speziellen Schutzschalen gegen die Abrasion geschützt.In steam blowers, the heating surfaces are cleaned by high-pressure steam-operated lances. The steam occurs at the steam sound velocity - which is several times the speed of sound of normal air - from the nozzles of the lance and cleans the heating surfaces. While the pulse of the resulting Free jet in accordance with the kinetic laws remains virtually unchanged, the speed of the free jet decreases by suction of ambient flue gas very quickly, so that the success of cleaning in the vicinity of the beam is very good, but at a distance from the lance leaves something to be desired. Due to the high speeds, water droplets and dust particles in the vicinity of the lance can have an abrasive effect on the heating surfaces. The endangered heating surfaces are therefore often protected with special protective shells against abrasion.
In den letzen Jahren wurden Reinigungstechniken entwickelt, bei denen die Heizflächen und die darauf anhaftenden Beläge durch den Impuls einer dosierten Sprengladung abgereinigt werden. Hierfür wird eine wassergekühlte Sprengstoffladung in den entsprechenden Kesselbereich gebracht und dort elektrisch gezündet. Die Reinigungserfolge sind gut. Die mit dem Sprengstoffumgang verbundenen genehmigungstechnischen Anforderungen und Auflagen machen das Verfahren sehr aufwendig.In recent years, cleaning techniques have been developed in which the heating surfaces and the adhering pads are cleaned by the pulse of a metered explosive charge. For this purpose, a water-cooled explosive charge is placed in the corresponding boiler area and ignited there electrically. The cleaning successes are good. The licensing requirements and requirements associated with explosives make the process very expensive.
Ein Reinigungsverfahren mit Wasserlanzenbläsern hat sich in Großkesselanlagen zur Stromerzeugung sehr gut bewährt und wurde auch erfolgreich in Abfallverbrennungsanlagen eingesetzt. Hierfür werden an den äußeren Heizwänden der Kesselanlagen bewegliche Wasserdüsen installiert, die über einen automatisierten Antrieb die gegenüberliegenden Heizflächen und auch Teile der Seitenwände abreinigen.A cleaning method with water lance blowers has proven very successful in large-scale boiler plants for power generation and has also been used successfully in waste incineration plants. For this purpose, moving water nozzles are installed on the outer heating walls of the boiler plants, which clean the opposite heating surfaces and also parts of the side walls via an automated drive.
Der Wasserstrahl wird hierbei zeilenförmig über die abzureinigende Heizfläche geführt und tritt damit nur auf einer Stelle auf. In Großkraftwerken können durch die großen Abmessungen der Strahlungszüge und die damit großen abzureinigenden Flächen mit wenigen Wasserlanzenbläsern große Reinigungserfolge erzielt werden. Die Abreinigung selbst erfolgt sowohl durch die mit der Abkühlung verbundenen Wärmespannung als auch dadurch, daß der Wasserstrahl durch den Druck unter die Beläge gerät und diese durch Überdruck abhebt.The water jet is in this case performed in rows on the ablated heating surface and thus occurs only in one place. In large power plants large cleaning successes can be achieved by the large dimensions of the radiation trains and the large areas to be cleaned off with a few water lance blowers. The cleaning itself is done both by the associated with the cooling Thermal stress as well as the fact that the water jet gets under pressure by the pressure under the coverings and this lifts off by overpressure.
Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens liegt darin, daß die Vorrichtung nur an Außenwänden installiert werden und damit nur die zugehörigen gegenüberliegenden Wände oder Teile der Seitenwände abreinigen kann. Bei Einsatz von Schottenheizflächen ist das Verfahren nicht geeignet, alle Wände abzureinigen. Die je Wasserlanzenbläser abzureinigende Heizfläche wird durch den Winkel begrenzt, mit der das Wasser auftrifft. Daher können besonders Leerzüge mit breiten Abmessungen vorteilhaft abgereinigt werden. Die Leerzüge von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen sind jedoch im allgemeinen schlank. Dies gilt besonders bei Installation von Schottenheizflächen. Bei Leerzughöhen von 10 Metern können die Abstände der nebeneinander liegenden Schotten und die Abstände der Schotten zu den Kesselaußenwänden unter einem Meter liegen.The disadvantage of this method is that the device can be installed only on outer walls and thus can clean only the associated opposite walls or parts of the side walls. When using Schottenheizflächen the method is not suitable to clean all walls. The heating surface to be cleaned per water lance blower is limited by the angle with which the water impinges. Therefore, in particular, it is possible to advantageously clean up empty ducts with broad dimensions. However, the incinerators of waste incinerators are generally lean. This is especially true when installing Schottenheizflächen. With idle heights of 10 meters, the distances between the adjacent bulkheads and the distances between the bulkheads and the outer walls of the boiler can be less than one meter.
Eine Montage der Wasserlanzenbläser auf der Kesseldecke ist grundsätzlich möglich, wurde jedoch wegen der dort aufgestellten Kesseltrommel, der an der Kesseltrommel angeschlossenen Siedewasserrohre und Dampfrohre sowie der hohen Umgebungstemperaturen für die Reinigung von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen bisher praktisch nicht durchgeführt.A mounting of water lances on the boiler ceiling is basically possible, but has not been carried out practically because of the boiler drum mounted there, connected to the boiler drum boiling water pipes and steam pipes and the high ambient temperatures for the purification of waste incineration plants.
Bei Einsatz von Wasserlanzenbläsern besteht zudem die Gefahr, daß das punktförmig aufgebrachte Wasser bei vergleichsweise tiefen Rauchgas- und Wandtemperaturen nicht auf den Heizflächen verdampft und mit den Belägen abgefördert wird. Hierdurch kann es zur Blockierung des nachgeschalteten Staubfördersystems kommen.When using water lances blowers there is also the danger that the punctiform applied water is not evaporated at comparatively low flue gas and wall temperatures on the heating surfaces and carried away with the coverings. This can lead to the blockage of the downstream dust conveyor system.
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Aus der
Schlauchförmige Reinigungsgeräte sind grundsätzlich auch aus anderen technischen Gebieten bekannt, wie z,B, aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu entwickeln, die es ermöglicht, bisher mit den Vorrichtungen und Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik nur unzureichend abzureinigende Heizflächen von Leerzügen von Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen im laufenden Betrieb von Belägen zu befreien und damit die Wärmenutzung der Rauchgase in dem zugehörigen Temperaturbereich des Kessels sicherzustellen.The object of the invention is to develop a method and a device which makes it possible to hitherto insufficiently to be cleaned with the devices and methods according to the prior art heating surfaces of Leerzügen of incinerators, especially of waste incineration plants during operation of coverings and thus to ensure the heat utilization of the flue gases in the associated temperature range of the boiler.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. durch eine Vorrichtung mit dem Merkmal des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens bzw. der Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der jeweils abhängigen Patentansprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Reinigung von Heizflächen von Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere von abfallbefeuerter Verbrennungsanlagen, mit vertikalen Leerzügen, die während des Betriebes verschmutzen, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, das Wassertropfen mit Geschwindigkeiten, die unterhalb einer abrasiven Wirkung liegen, vorzugsweise kleiner 50m/s, zur gleichzeitigen allseitigen rundum Abreinigung der Verschmutzungen (Beläge) auf einer Ebene der zur reinigenden Bereiche der Leerzüge genutzt werden. Die Reinigungsebene wird während der Reinigung vertikal verschoben, wobei die Reinigung während des Betriebes der Verbrennungsanlage, d.h. online, durchgeführt wird. Die Menge des Reinigungswassers ist dabei so klein gewählt, dass im wesentlichen kein Reinigungswasser in einen Trichter der Verbrennungsanlage gelangt.The inventive method for cleaning heating surfaces of incinerators, especially of waste-fired incinerators, with vertical Leerzügen that pollute during operation, characterized by the drop of water at speeds that are below an abrasive effect, preferably less than 50m / s, for simultaneous All-round cleaning of the contaminants (deposits) on a level that is used for the cleaning areas of the empty runs. The cleaning level is moved vertically during the cleaning, whereby the cleaning during the operation of the incinerator, ie online, is performed. The amount of cleaning water is chosen so small that substantially no cleaning water enters a funnel of the incinerator.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Wasserzuführung über einen vertikal nach unten hängenden hitzebeständigen flexiblen Schlauch erfolgt, wobei am unteren Ende des Schlauches mindestens eine Düse zur Verteilung des Wassers vorgesehen ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is proposed that the water supply takes place via a vertically downwardly hanging heat-resistant flexible hose, wherein at least one nozzle for distributing the water is provided at the lower end of the hose.
Überraschend hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine an einem flexiblen Schlauch in den Kessel abgelassene Umlenkrunddüse auch in bisher nicht erreichbaren Kesselbereichen zur Online-Reinigung genutzt werden kann. Hierfür wird der flexible Schlauch durch ein geeignetes Zuführrohr an der Stelle in den Kessel eingebracht, unter der die abzureinigenden Flächen angeordnet sind. Die erfindungsgemäß entwickelte Umlenkungsrunddüse bringt durch die schwere, senkrecht nach unten gerichtete Düsenlanze das Wasser gleichmäßig auf alle Flächen (Decke und Seiten) des abzureinigenden Kesselbereiches auf. Auch bei vergleichsweise tiefen Sattdampf- und Rauchgastemperaturen besteht nicht die Gefahr, daß das Wasser mit den durch Temperaturschock abgelösten harten Belägen in das Staubfördersystem gelangt.Surprisingly, it has been found that a Umlenkrunddüse drained on a flexible hose in the boiler can be used for online cleaning also in previously unachievable boiler areas. For this purpose, the flexible hose is introduced through a suitable feed pipe at the point in the boiler, under which the surfaces to be cleaned are arranged. The inventively developed Umlenkungsrunddüse brings through the heavy, vertically downwardly directed nozzle lance the water evenly on all surfaces (ceiling and sides) of the boiler area to be cleaned. Even with comparatively low saturated steam and flue gas temperatures, there is no danger that the water will get into the dust conveying system with the hard coverings detached by thermal shock.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Reinigungswasser in der zu reinigenden Ebene alle Seitenwänden des reinigenden Bereichs des Zuges gleichzeitig benetzt.According to an advantageous development of the method, it is proposed that the cleaning water in the plane to be cleaned at the same time wets all side walls of the cleaning area of the train.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, dass das Reinigungswasser die Decke des zu reinigenden Bereiches des Leerzuges gleichzeitig ringförmig benetzt.It has proven to be advantageous that the cleaning water simultaneously wets the ceiling of the area to be cleaned of the Leerzuges annular.
Zu einer noch weiteren Verbesserung der Reinigungswirkung, ohne dass es zu einer Beschädigung der Komponenten der Verbrennungsanlage kommt, wird gemäß einer noch weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens vorgeschlagen, dass die Tropfengröße so gewählt wird, dass weniger als 5% des Wassers vor dem Auftreffen auf der Wand verdampft. Durch diesen Vorschlag wird auch eine Minimierung des Verbrauches des Reinigungswassers erzielt.For a further improvement of the cleaning effect, without causing damage to the components of the incinerator, it is proposed according to a still further advantageous embodiment of the method that the drop size is selected so that less than 5% of the water before vaporizing on the wall. By this proposal, a minimization of the consumption of cleaning water is achieved.
Die Geschwindigkeit ist so gewählt, dass eine Beschädigung der Heizfläche durch Abrasion im wesentlichen vermieden wird.The speed is chosen so that damage to the heating surface by abrasion is substantially avoided.
Die Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Heizflächen einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage, mit vertikalen Leerzügen, die während des Betriebes verschmutzen, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Wasserzuführung über einen vertikal von oben hängenden hitzebeständigen Schlauch erfolgt. Der Schlauch ist über eine Zuführrohr am oberen Ende des Leerzuges eingeführt, wobei das untere Ende des Schlauchs mindestens eine Düse zur Verteilung des Wassers vorgesehen ist. Eine Steuereinheit dient dabei zur Einstellung der Höhenlage der Düse sowie zur Einstellung der Wassermenge oder des Wasserdruckes. Die Steuereinheit überwacht zusammen mit einer Schlauchlängenmessung die Höhenlage der Düse und stellt einen geeigneten Sollwert von Wassermenge oder Wasserdruck vor der Düse ein.The device for cleaning heating surfaces of a combustion plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, with vertical Leerzügen that pollute during operation, is characterized in that the water supply takes place via a vertically hanging from above heat-resistant hose. The tube is introduced via a feed tube at the upper end of the Leerzuges, wherein the lower end of the hose is provided at least one nozzle for distributing the water. A control unit is used to adjust the altitude of the nozzle and to adjust the amount of water or water pressure. The control unit, along with a hose length measurement, monitors the altitude of the nozzle and sets an appropriate setpoint of water or water pressure in front of the nozzle.
Vorzugsweise ist die Düse derart ausgestaltet, dass die Reaktionskräfte des austretenden Wassers sich gegenseitig aufheben.Preferably, the nozzle is designed such that the reaction forces of the escaping water cancel each other out.
Durch den in Schlauchrichtung schräg nach oben gerichteten Austrittswinkel α der Umlenkrunddüse können auch Heizflächen, z. B. Kesseldecken, gereinigt werden, die über der Düsenlanze liegen.By in the hose direction obliquely upwardly directed exit angle α of the Umlenkrunddüse also heating surfaces, for. B. boiler covers, are cleaned, which lie above the nozzle lance.
Die Düsenlanze ist oberhalb der Umlenkrunddüse mit Abstandshaltern versehen, die verhindern, daß die Umlenkrunddüse durch Verschleiß im Zuführrohr beschädigt wird.The nozzle lance is provided above the Umlenkrunddüse with spacers, which prevent the Umlenkrunddüse is damaged by wear in the feed tube.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, daß der Reinigungsvorgang an der gleichen Heizfläche mit vergleichsweise geringer Wassermenge mehrfach wiederholt wird, um den Belag durch ausreichende Beheizzeit wieder auf annähernd Rauchgastemperatur zu bringen und damit bei der folgenden Reinigung einen besonders effektiven Temperaturschock zu bewirken. Durch eine installierte Schlauchlängenmessung, die Mengenmessung und Druckmessung des Wassers und der zugehörigen Steuereinheit kann ein automatischer Betrieb durchgeführt werden, mit dem ein Reinigungsvorgang entsprechend den Erfahrungen mehrfach wiederholt wird. Die Steuereinheit stellt die zur Höhenlage der Umlenkrunddüse geeignete Wassermenge ein und korrigiert damit den mit der Schlauchlänge zunehmenden statischen Wasserdruck vor der Umlenkrunddüse.It has been found to be advantageous for the cleaning process to be repeated several times on the same heating surface with a comparatively small amount of water is to bring the coating back to near flue gas temperature by sufficient heating time and thus to cause a particularly effective thermal shock in the subsequent cleaning. Through an installed hose length measurement, the quantity measurement and pressure measurement of the water and the associated control unit, an automatic operation can be carried out, with a cleaning process is repeated several times according to experience. The control unit adjusts the amount of water suitable for the height of the Umlenkrunddüse and thus corrects the increasing with the hose length static water pressure in front of the Umlenkrunddüse.
Es hat sich weiterhin gezeigt, daß durch die Umlenkrunddüse bei Betrieb mit geringem Überdruck besonders große Wassertropfen gebildet werden, die vor dem Auftreffen auf den Heizflächen durch ihre geringe spezifische Oberfläche kaum verdampfen.It has also been shown that particularly large drops of water are formed by the Umlenkrunddüse when operating at low pressure, which hardly evaporate before hitting the heating surfaces by their low specific surface area.
Die durch den Temperaturschock abgelösten Beläge sind unerwartet kleinstückig und können daher problemlos mit dem installierten Staubfördersystem abgefördert werden.The pads removed by the thermal shock are unexpectedly small in size and can therefore be carried away easily with the installed dust conveyor system.
Der Wasserdruck vor der Umlenkrunddüse muß nur so hoch gewählt werden, daß die aus dem Austrittswinkel α der Umlenkrunddüse und dem freien Fall gebildete Wurfparabel die abzureinigende Heizfläche erreicht.The water pressure in front of the Umlenkrunddüse must only be chosen so high that the throw parabola formed from the exit angle α of the Umlenkrunddüse and the free fall reaches the ablated heating surface.
Bei der Erfindung des Verfahrens wurde zunächst mit Trinatriumphosphat konditioniertes Wasser eingesetzt, da zu erwarten war, daß die im Rauchgas von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen mitgeführte Salzsäure schwere Korrosionsschäden an den unlegierten Heizflächen verursachen würde. Es hat sich überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß die Alkalisierung nicht notwendig ist, da der bei der Reinigung an der Wand entstehende Dampf den Zutritt der Salzsäure aus dem Rauchgas verhindert.In the invention of the method initially with trisodium phosphate conditioned water was used, since it was expected that the entrained in the flue gas of waste incineration hydrochloric acid would cause severe corrosion damage to the unalloyed heating surfaces. It has surprisingly been found that the alkalization is not necessary because of the cleaning Steam generated on the wall prevents the access of hydrochloric acid from the flue gas.
Neben der einfachen Gestaltung hat das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mehrere Vorteile:In addition to the simple design, the method according to the invention has several advantages:
Alle Heizflächen der Leerzüge können unabhängig von der äußeren Zugangssituation abgereinigt werden.All heating surfaces of the Leerzüge can be cleaned independently of the external access situation.
Um einen besonders effektiven Temperaturschock in den Belägen zu erreichen, muß die Verbrennungsanlage bei der Reinigung vorteilhaft bei maximaler Last gefahren werden. Die Leistungsverfügbarkeit wird durch die Reinigung somit nicht nachteilig beeinflußt.In order to achieve a particularly effective temperature shock in the coverings, the incineration plant must be driven during cleaning advantageous at maximum load. The power availability is thus not adversely affected by the cleaning.
Die Reisezeit der Kesselanlage wird nicht mehr durch die Verschmutzung der Heizflächen der Leerzüge bestimmt.The travel time of the boiler system is no longer determined by the contamination of the heating surfaces of the empty trains.
Der Impuls des auftretenden Wasserstrahls kann so gering eingestellt werden, daß sogar die Feuerfestzustellung im ersten Leerzug ohne Schädigung abgereinigt werden kann. Im oberen und mittleren Bereich des ersten Zuges sind die Beläge im allgemeinen so weich, daß nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen die Wassertropfen bis auf die Heizflächen oder die Feuerfestzustellung durchschlagen und dort durch das Leidenfrost'sche Phänomen ohne Abkühlung der Flächen verdampfen und dabei die anhaftenden Beläge sehr effektiv wegblasen.The impulse of the occurring water jet can be set so low that even the refractory lining in the first Leerzug can be cleaned without damage. In the upper and middle region of the first train, the coverings are generally so soft that, according to previous experience, the water droplets penetrate as far as the heating surfaces or the refractory lining and there evaporate through the Leidenfrost'sche phenomenon without cooling the surfaces and thereby the adhesive pads very effectively blow away.
Die Vorrichtung kann voll automatisiert werden und bleibt mit Ausnahme des Zuführrohres voll transportfähig. Durch eine installierte Druckmessung und Mengenmessung werden Störungen durch Vergleich mit den Sollwerten sofort erkannt.The device can be fully automated and remains fully transportable with the exception of the feed tube. An installed pressure measurement and quantity measurement immediately detects faults by comparison with the setpoints.
Durch die Reinigung der Leerzüge können die Rauchgastemperaturen vor dem Überhitzer so tief gehalten werden, daß die notwendige Überhitzungstemperatur des Frischdampfes gerade erreicht wird. Mit diesem Kriterium werden durch minimale Korrosionen optimale Standzeiten der Heizflächen der Überhitzer erreicht.By cleaning the Leerzüge the flue gas temperatures before the superheater can be kept so low that the necessary superheat temperature of the live steam is just reached. Optimum service life of the heating surfaces of the superheaters is achieved with this criterion by minimal corrosion.
Durch die spezifisch geringe auf die Heizflächen aufgebrachte Wassermenge wird sichergestellt, daß das Wasser verdampft und nicht mit dem Staub in das Staubfördersystem gelangt.The specific amount of water applied to the heating surfaces ensures that the water evaporates and does not get into the dust extraction system with the dust.
Da der Gehalt an kondensierbaren Alkali- und Metalldämpfen entsprechend der - durch die beschriebene Reinigung der Leerzüge - abgesenkten Rauchgastemperaturen tiefer liegt, sind die Beläge auf dem Überhitzer, Verdampfer und Economiser mit der konventionellen Klopfung leichter zu entfernen.Since the content of condensable alkali and metal vapors according to the - reduced by the described cleaning of the Leerzüge - lower flue gas temperatures, the deposits on the superheater, evaporator and economizer are easier to remove the conventional knock.
Es versteht sich von selbst, daß die bessere Abkühlung der Rauchgase vor dem konvektiven Bereich bei sonst gleichen Umständen zu tieferen Abgastemperaturen führt und damit den Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennungsanlage steigert.It goes without saying that the better cooling of the flue gases upstream of the convective area leads to lower exhaust gas temperatures under otherwise identical circumstances and thus increases the efficiency of the incineration plant.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnung dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert, ohne dass der Gegenstand der Erfindung auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt wird.Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing illustrated preferred embodiment, without the subject invention being limited to this embodiment.
Es zeigen:
Abbildung 1- Darstellung eines typischen Abfallverbrennungskessels mit einem Zuführrohr nach dem Stand der Technik,
Abbildung 2- Symbolische Darstellung der Haspel mit allen Armaturen und Führungsrohr
Abbildung 3- Symbolische Darstellung der Düsenlanze mit Umlenkrunddüse,
- Abbildung 4a
- Darstellung der Flugbahn der Wassertropfen bei einem Austrittswinkel α1
von 30 ° und einem 1,0 bar sowie 3 m Breite des Leerzuges,Wasserüberdruck von - Abbildung 4b
- Darstellung der Flugbahn der Wassertropfen bei einem Austrittswinkel α2 von 45 ° und einem
1,0 bar sowie 3 m Breite des Leerzuges, undWasserüberdruck von Abbildung 5- Darstellung der Flugbahn der Wassertropfen bei einem Austrittswinkel α3
von 30 ° und einem 1,0 bar sowie 6 m Breite des LeerzugesWasserüberdruck von
-
illustration 1 - Representation of a typical waste incineration boiler with a supply pipe according to the prior art,
- Figure 2
- Symbolic illustration of the reel with all fittings and guide tube
- Figure 3
- Symbolic representation of the nozzle lance with deflection round nozzle,
- Figure 4a
- Representation of the trajectory of the water droplets at an exit angle α1 of 30 ° and a water pressure of 1.0 bar and 3 m width of the Leerzuges,
- Figure 4b
- Representation of the trajectory of the water droplets at an exit angle α2 of 45 ° and a water pressure of 1.0 bar and 3 m width of the Leerzuges, and
- Figure 5
- Representation of the trajectory of the water droplets at an exit angle α3 of 30 ° and a water pressure of 1.0 bar and 6 m width of the Leerzuges
Die
Der Abfall wird über den Aufgabeschacht 10 und die Zuteiler 11 auf den Rost 12 geführt und verbrennt im Feuerraum 1. Die Rauchgase kühlen sich in dem beispielhaft dargestellten Kessel in den Leerzügen 2, 3, 4 und dem Überhitzer 7.1-7.5, Verdampfer 8.1-8.2 und Economiser 9.1-9.4 auf die Abgastemperatur von 180 bis 220 °C ab. Bei der Reinigung der Leerzüge 3, 4 fallen die abgelösten Beläge in den Trichter 13 und werden von dort über das Staubfördersystem 14 abgeführt.The waste is passed through the
Über den Leerzügen 2, 3, 4 sind zentrisch zu den abzureinigen Heizflächen der Leerzüge 2, 3, 4 die 25 Zuführrohre 15 für die Reinigungsvorrichtung installiert, von denen nur ein Zuführrohr 15 in der
In der
Das Zuführrohr 15 ist mit dem Zuführrohrverschluß 30 versehen, der bei abgeschlossener Reinigung verschlossen wird. Während der Reinigung wird über das Sperrluftventil 31 Sperrluft zugeführt.The
Zur Reinigung wird die Haspel 16 samt Zubehör über dem Eintritt des Zuführrohrs 15 in Position gebracht und an den Druckwasseranschluß 20 sowie den Zuführrohrverschluß 30 und das Sperrluftventil 31 angeschlossen. Nach Eingabe der Zyklen, der Reinigungshöhe und der Sollwassermenge bzw. des Wasserdruckes in die Steuereinheit 29 wird das Programm gestartet. Das Sperrluftventil 31 und der Zuführrohrverschluß 30 öffnen sich automatisch und der Schlauch 22 fährt die vorgegebene Reinigungshöhe entsprechend der vorgegebenen Zyklenzahl ab. Danach wird der Schlauch 22 zurückgefahren und zunächst der Zuführrohrverschluß 30 und danach das Sperrluftventil 31 geschlossen.For cleaning, the
Die dargestellte Anlage wird nach einer Reisezeit von 3 Wochen mit je 10 Zyklen gereinigt.The system shown is cleaned after a travel time of 3 weeks, each with 10 cycles.
Die
Die Abbildungen 4a und 4b zeigen die Flugbahnen 34.1-34.5 und 34.6-34.10 der Tropfen in einem Teilbereich der Leerzüge mit den Kesselseitenwänden 35.1 und 35.2 und der Kesseldecke 35.3 mit einer Breite von bl=b2 = 3 m bei unterschiedlicher Höhenlage der Umlenkrunddüse 24 mit alternativen Austrittswinkeln gegenüber der Horizontalen von α1=30° (
Die
Der Düsendurchmesser d wurde in den Beispielen der Abbildungen 4a und b sowie 5 mit 27 mm gewählt, die Spaltstärke s auf 0,7 mm eingestellt. Die Wasserleistung beträgt 3,0 m3/h, die Reinigungshöhe ist -0,2 bis -10 m von der Kesseldecke. Der Überdruck vor der Umlenkrunddüse 24 ist 1,0 bar. Die gesamte Länge der gleichzeitig benetzten Heizfläche beträgt in
Bei einer Schlauchgeschwindigkeit von 0,0667 m/s wird die Höhe von 10 m in 150 Sekunden durchfahren.At a hose speed of 0.0667 m / s, the height of 10 m is passed through in 150 seconds.
- 11
- Feuerraumfirebox
- 22
- erster Leerzugfirst empty train
- 33
- zweiter Leerzugsecond empty train
- 44
- dritter Leerzugthird empty train
- 55
- SchottenScots
- 6.16.1
- Kesseltrommelboiler drum
- 6.26.2
- SiedewasserrohreSiedewasserrohre
- 6.36.3
- Dampfrohresteam pipes
- 77
- Überhitzersuperheater
- 88th
- VerdampferEvaporator
- 99
- Economisereconomizer
- 1010
- Aufgabeschachtfeed chute
- 1111
- Zuteilerarbiter
- 1212
- Rostrust
- 1313
- Trichterfunnel
- 1414
- StaubfördersystemDust conveying system
- 1515
- Zuführrohrfeed
- 1616
- Haspelreel
- 1717
- Mengenmessungquantity measurement
- 1818
- Regelventilcontrol valve
- 1919
- Druckmessungpressure measurement
- 2020
- DruckwasseranschlußPressure water connection
- 2121
- drehmomentüberwachter, drehzahlregelbarer AntriebTorque-monitored, speed-controllable drive
- 2222
- flexibler hitzbeständiger Schlauchflexible heat-resistant hose
- 2323
- Düsenlanzenozzle lance
- 2424
- Düse, UmlenkrunddüseNozzle, deflection round nozzle
- 2525
- Gewindestangethreaded rod
- 2626
- Kontermutterlocknut
- 2727
- EndlagenüberwachungsvorrichtungEndlagenüberwachungsvorrichtung
- 2828
- SchlauchlängenmessungHose length measurement
- 2929
- Steuereinheitcontrol unit
- 3030
- ZuführrohrverschlußZuführrohrverschluß
- 3131
- SperrluftventilSealing air valve
- 3232
- RauchgasreinigungFlue gas cleaning
- 3333
- Abstandshalterspacer
- 34.1-34.534.1-34.5
-
Flugbahnen Beispiel
Abb. 4a Trajectories exampleFig. 4a - 34.6-34.1034.6-34.10
-
Flugbahnen Beispiel
Abb. 4b Trajectories exampleFig. 4b - 34.11-34.1534.11-34.15
-
Flugbahnen Beispiel
Abb. 5 Trajectories exampleFig. 5
- 35.1-35.235.1-35.2
- KesselseitenwändeBoiler side walls
- 35.335.3
- Kesseldeckeboiler roof
- Winkel αAngle α
- Wasseraustrittswinkel gegenüber der WaagerechtenWater outlet angle to the horizontal
- α1α1
-
Winkel in Beispiel
Abb. 4a Angle in exampleFig. 4a - α2α2
-
Winkel in Beispiel
Abb. 4b Angle in exampleFig. 4b - α3α3
-
Winkel in Beispiel
Abb. 5 Angle in exampleFig. 5
- b1b1
-
Breite des Leerzuges in
Abb. 4a Width of the idle inFig. 4a - b2b2
-
Breite des Leerzuges in
Abb. 4b Width of the idle inFig. 4b - b3b3
-
Breite des Leerzuges in
Abb. 5 Width of the idle inFig. 5
-
H 1
H 1 -
Höhe des Leerzuges in
Abb. 4a Amount of empty train inFig. 4a - H2H2
-
Höhe des Leerzuges in
Abb. 4b Amount of empty train inFig. 4b
- H3H3
-
Höhe des Leerzuges in
Abb. 5 Amount of empty train inFig. 5
- dd
- LanzendurchmesserLance diameter
- DD
- UmlenkrunddüsendurchmesserUmlenkrunddüsendurchmesser
- ss
- DüsenspaltstärkeDie gap thickness
Claims (23)
- Method for online cleaning of areas of vertical open drafts (2, 3, 4) of a combustor, wherein water drops with velocities which are below an abrasion effect, preferably less than 50 m/s, for simultaneously cleaning away the contaminations on all sides and all around on one level of the areas of the open drafts (2, 3, 4) which are to be cleaned, are used, this cleaning level is vertically moved during the cleaning, the cleaning is executed during the operation of the combustor and the amount of the cleaning water is selected small enough to prevent cleaning water from reaching a funnel (13) of the open drafts (2, 3, 4).
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning water in the level to be cleaned wets all side walls of the areas of the open draft which are to be cleaned.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cleaning water simultaneously wets the ceiling of the area to be cleaned of the open draft in a circular manner.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the drops is selected so that less than 5 % of the water evaporates before impinging on a wall.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed of the water is effected by means of a vertically downward hanging hose, where at least one nozzle is provided at a lower end of the hose.
- A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the velocity of the hose is greater than 0.03 m/s and less than 0.2 m/s.
- Apparatus, in particular for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, for simultaneous cleaning away of contaminations on all sides and all around on one level of areas to be cleaned of an open draft (2, 3, 4) of a combustor, where the cleaning level during the cleaning is vertically moved, characterized in that the water feed is effected by means of a heat resistant flexible hose (22) hanging down vertically from above, this hose (22) is introduced through a feeding pipe (15) at the upper end of the open draft of the combustor and at the lower end of the hose (22) at least one nozzle (24) for distributing the water is connected, wherein a control unit for adjusting the height of the nozzle (24) and for adjusting the amount of water or the pressure of the water is provided, by means of which control unit, together with a hose length measurement, the height of the nozzle can be monitored and an appropriate set point for the amount of water or water pressure before the nozzle is adjustable.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the nozzle (24) is formed in such a manner, that the reaction forces of the discharging water compensate each other.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the apparatus is designed to be transportable.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the apparatus can be operated automatically.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the nozzle (24) is designed as a circular deflection nozzle (24) that is retained vertically below the feed pipe (15) by the symmetrical configuration of the water outlet.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the circular deflection nozzle (24) due to the design of the nozzle shape and thereby the exit angle α of the water is also capable of cleaning areas of the boiler which are located above the circular deflection nozzle (24).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the circular deflection nozzle (24) has an exit angle α of the water, which is at least greater than 10° with reference to the horizontal.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the circular deflection nozzle (24) has an outlet angle α of the water, which is at least less than 60° with reference to the horizontal.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the nozzle lance (23) is made from a preferably extremely heavy, thick-walled pipe, to avoid deformations of the flexible hose (22) in the vertical position and thereby allow the jet of water to impinge on the same level on the surfaces to be cleaned.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the nozzle lance (23) has spacers (33) on its outer side located above the circular deflection nozzle (24) to avoid damage of the circular deflection nozzle (24) by the feeding pipe (15).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that a reel (16) with a control system for controlling the end position (27) is provided.
- Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the reel is provided with a device for measuring an amount (17) and a device for measuring a pressure (19), which monitor the orderly function of the cleaning by comparing both measures with set points.
- Apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the reel (16) is provided with a hose length measurement (28), which controls the change of motion during the automatic cleaning and reports the pressure of the static water column before the nozzle to a control unit (29).
- Apparatus according to claim 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that it has a control unit (29) which permits and monitors the automated operation of the reel (16) with a hose length measurement (28).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the reel (16) is provided with a device, which automatically monitors the orderly movement of the flexible heat resistant hose (22) by detecting the torque of the drive train (21) and a control system for the end position (27).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 21, characterized in that it is designed such that by means of blocking air the discharge of exhaust gas at the feed pipe (15) during the operation of the cleaning apparatus is prevented.
- Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the feed pipe (15) prevents the discharge of exhaust gases by a feed pipe lock (30) during the downtime of the cleaning apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20220441U DE20220441U1 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Online boiler cleaning device has suspended heat-resistant hose leading to input tube at upper end of empty run |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10120338 | 2001-04-26 | ||
DE10120338.1A DE10120338B4 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2001-04-26 | Device for online boiler cleaning of waste incineration plants |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1256761A2 EP1256761A2 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
EP1256761A3 EP1256761A3 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
EP1256761B1 true EP1256761B1 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
Family
ID=7682720
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02009244A Expired - Lifetime EP1256761B1 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Process and apparatus for cleaning incineration boilers during operation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1256761B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE399297T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10120338B4 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009057254A1 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik | Method for on-line cleaning of portions of vertical empty courses of combustion plant, involves vertically shifting cleaning level during operation of combustion plant and accomplishing quantity of cleaning water |
WO2012065803A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh Maschinen- Und Apparatebau | Cleaning device for a combustion boiler |
DE202015000218U1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2016-04-13 | Volker Kruse | Device for cleaning wall and bundle heating surfaces of an incinerator online |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10340790B3 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-04-28 | Georg Bruendermann | boiler cleaning |
DE10357021A1 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2005-07-07 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh | Compact sootblower |
DE102004060884A1 (en) | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-29 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh | Method for removing of combustion residues from wall of chamber carrying combustion gases involves contacting of combustion residues with first cleaning medium, and contacting of pre-treated residues with second cleaning medium |
DE102006052301B4 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2013-05-16 | Maxxtec Ag | Cleaning device for heat exchangers and heat exchangers |
DE102014004639A1 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-01 | Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik | Device for cleaning flues of a boiler system with a cleaning hose, a hose storage and a hose guide |
PL3047898T3 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2018-02-28 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Arrangement of a combustor and a device for selective non catalytic reduction and injection nozzle |
EP3047897B1 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2020-04-01 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Arrangement of a combustor and a device for selective non catalytic reduction and pulsed injection method |
PL3047896T3 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2018-02-28 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Boiler and device for selective non catalytic reduction |
EP4115133A1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2023-01-11 | KIPP, Jens-Werner | Apparatus for partially automated cleaning of tube bundle heat exchangers, tube bundle heat exchanger cleaning assembly, and blasting method for cleaning an inner tube surface of a tube of a tube bundle heat exchanger |
BE1029946B1 (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-19 | Gentals Nv | Method and system for cleaning boilers, in particular lignite boilers |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US2735794A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | fletcher | ||
DE112512C (en) | 1900-01-01 | |||
DE1262496B (en) * | 1960-09-07 | 1968-03-07 | Ind Companie Kleinewefers Kons | Blowing device for removing the soot from the inside of standing recuperators |
DE1811223A1 (en) | 1968-11-27 | 1970-11-19 | Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Ab | Arrangement for removing soot from the flue gas passages from boilers |
DD112512A1 (en) | 1973-12-14 | 1975-04-12 | ||
DE3106421A1 (en) | 1981-02-20 | 1982-11-11 | Steag Ag, 4300 Essen | Process for cleaning the fire tube of a boiler provided with at least one fire tube, and device for carrying out the process |
DE8526791U1 (en) | 1985-09-19 | 1986-06-19 | Seelen, Josef, 4232 Xanten | Device for cleaning boilers |
JPS63294497A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-01 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Device for inserting long-sized body into tube |
DD289072A5 (en) | 1989-11-13 | 1991-04-18 | Veb Kombinat Tiefbau,De | TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION OF TAPE-SOFT MATERIAL FOR AIDING AND DE-ENERGIZING THE SOIL AND DE-EASING THE GROUND OF BUILDING |
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 DE DE10120338.1A patent/DE10120338B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-26 AT AT02009244T patent/ATE399297T1/en active
- 2002-04-26 DE DE50212398T patent/DE50212398D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-26 EP EP02009244A patent/EP1256761B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009057254A1 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik | Method for on-line cleaning of portions of vertical empty courses of combustion plant, involves vertically shifting cleaning level during operation of combustion plant and accomplishing quantity of cleaning water |
DE102009057254B4 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2023-10-26 | Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik | Method and device for online cleaning of areas of vertical empty trains of an incineration plant |
WO2012065803A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh Maschinen- Und Apparatebau | Cleaning device for a combustion boiler |
DE102010051657A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh | Cleaning device for a combustion boiler |
DE102010051657B4 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2023-02-02 | Clyde Bergemann Gmbh | Cleaning device for a combustion boiler |
DE202015000218U1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2016-04-13 | Volker Kruse | Device for cleaning wall and bundle heating surfaces of an incinerator online |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50212398D1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
DE10120338A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
ATE399297T1 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
EP1256761A3 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
DE10120338B4 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
EP1256761A2 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
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