EP1253241A2 - Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1253241A2
EP1253241A2 EP02007221A EP02007221A EP1253241A2 EP 1253241 A2 EP1253241 A2 EP 1253241A2 EP 02007221 A EP02007221 A EP 02007221A EP 02007221 A EP02007221 A EP 02007221A EP 1253241 A2 EP1253241 A2 EP 1253241A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper web
pressure
volume
feature
suspension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02007221A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1253241B1 (en
EP1253241A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Attenberger
Ralf Soltau
Gerhard Dr. Stenzel
Manfred Hutmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1253241A2 publication Critical patent/EP1253241A2/en
Publication of EP1253241A3 publication Critical patent/EP1253241A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1253241B1 publication Critical patent/EP1253241B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/24—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture
    • D21H23/26—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
    • D21H23/28—Addition before the dryer section, e.g. at the wet end or press section
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/78—Controlling or regulating not limited to any particular process or apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for introduction of feature substances in a paper web as well as in a paper machine such a device.
  • feature substances as security features in paper documents of value, in particular to introduce banknotes, for example luminescent Particles that are exposed to suitable excitation radiation, such as UV light, fluoresce in a characteristic color.
  • suitable excitation radiation such as UV light
  • characteristic substances substances with certain physical properties understood, their presence and / or arrangement due these properties metrologically, for example by means of suitable sensors is verifiable.
  • Such features are mostly used as signs, patterns or lines placed at defined positions on the paper.
  • UK-A-696 673 proposes to include color pigments in one Water not mixing the suspension liquid already during the To inject leaf formation into the center of the leaf using syringes Dot lines or continuous lines, for example made in UV light to produce fluorescent material. But since the fluorescent In any case, suspension in the paper material that has not yet been completed the contours are partially and not controllable Lines are out of focus and the pigment concentration is across the line width uneven.
  • DE-PS-497 037 proposes a suspension with fluorescent Substances on the finished, still moist paper web like this to apply, for example, to spray on the paper structure itself undergoes no significant change. But spraying also leads to Patterns whose sharpness of contours is difficult to control and whose Feature concentration over the area of the pattern is not constant.
  • EP-A-0 659 935 proposes the feature substances to disperse not in a suspension but in a gas, so that Agglomerates of feature particles easily disintegrate and in defined, homogeneous concentration in the gas, then by means of a nozzle to be sprayed on the still wet paper web. So that even at low Feature concentrations still a homogeneous distribution in paper achievable with relatively sharp contours at the same time.
  • a disadvantage of this aerosol application of the particles is that only a few Characteristic substances are suitable for application in aerosol form, since the Slightly clog pipes and nozzles. This applies in particular to fine-grained ones Feature substances that tend to agglomerate. Also revealed Test results of relatively high concentration fluctuations, so that a high concentration of features is necessary in order to be reliably measurable Get characteristics.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a method and a Propose device and a corresponding paper machine with which it is possible to sharpen feature substances in patterns or traces Contours and as evenly as possible over the sample area, too low concentrations in paper, without this for visible changes in the fiber structure of the paper arise to the eye.
  • the feature substance suspension as a laminar jet with low Jet pressure directed to the surface of the paper web.
  • the characteristic substance suspension flows onto the paper web with little pressure.
  • the fiber structure is prevented of the paper fleece when applying the characteristic substance suspension changed. Accordingly, the place where the feature substance suspension is applied to the finished paper for the naked eye not visible, not even in transmitted light. Therefore, the procedure can also used to introduce feature substances in the watermark area become.
  • the width of the traces of the feature can be determined empirically and at constant amount of suspension almost constant.
  • the generated thereby Patterns therefore have sharp contours. Because the on the paper web guided suspension jet the wet and still soft paper layer evenly penetrated is the amount of suspension applied over the surface roughly constant. This causes the concentration of features to be higher than The width of the generated pattern is almost homogeneous, regardless of how high the concentration of features in the suspension is. This is it is possible to make patterns with even the smallest, homogeneous across the sample area to produce distributed feature concentrations.
  • the feature concentration the pattern generated can be so small that the features with no longer visible to the naked eye, but only mechanically suitable sensors are detectable.
  • the feature substances are introduced on a liquid basis, Almost any kind of feature substances can be used in one suitable suspension medium are dispersible or soluble. Self In this way, high-density pigments can evenly penetrate the paper web be introduced.
  • the introduction of the feature substances by means of Full blasting has the further advantage over spraying methods that none Spray occurs. As a result, the equipment used does not become dirty so light and there are fewer problems with particle deposition on the nozzles.
  • the feature substances are preferably dispersed in water, since water always available, inexpensive, harmless and chemically neutral. This excludes the use of other liquids, such as alcohol, not from.
  • Luminescent substances are particularly suitable as feature substances Pigments that only under special excitation conditions such as are recognizable under UV light, so that the inserted into the paper Feature patterns are not readily visible in daylight. But also magnetic or absorbing in certain wavelength ranges Feature substances are with the inventive method or the device processable.
  • the laminar feature substance suspension jet is preferably immediate after sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web from Paper forming sieve passed on the paper web, since the paper web on this Place solidified sufficiently, but is still so moist that the suspension with the feature substances can penetrate the paper web without leaving any traces leave.
  • a special embodiment provides that one in Paper web transport direction downstream of the paper machine Suction device in the form of a separate suction box is provided to aspirate the suspension medium through the paper web. Thereby is supported that the feature substances not only in areas of the paper near the surface, but over the entire area Paper thickness is distributed.
  • the volume should have a certain size because it serves as Buffer volume, the fluctuations in the concentration of the feature substance compensated in volume by the addition of additional feature substance concentrate and suspension medium in the volume become. On the other hand, this volume must not be too large, either otherwise changes to be made to the target value of the feature substance concentration take too long. It has proven itself to be the size of the volume to choose that an exchange or the throughput of the volume over the Nozzles about 15 min. lasts.
  • connection line inlet pressure depends on how high is the maximum suspension pressure in the closed circuit, and on the other hand how much pressure loss in the circuit to the branch the connecting line in question is.
  • This pressure loss depends but again directly depends on the speed at which the Characteristic substance suspension is promoted in the cycle.
  • a control device is preferably provided in order to determine the maximum or to keep the absolute suspension pressure constant in the circuit.
  • To the absolute pressure in the volume is measured at a suitable point and the volume of the suspension medium supplied to the volume via a feed pump controlled. Although the volume is continuous through the nozzles Characteristic suspension is removed, the essential remain Parameters in volume and therefore constant at the nozzles.
  • the pumped one can or circulated volume are monitored and kept constant.
  • suspension portions are extracted from the volume compensated and provided for constant conditions.
  • the pressure control has however, the advantage of being independent of the number of open nozzles ensures that, with the same nozzles, the same amount of suspension from each nozzle exit. This is particularly advantageous if the paper web production is running a quick change in with the suspension jets Paper generated coding should be done.
  • the Feature substance suspension in the desired concentration essentially is only generated in the volume from which the connecting lines branch off to the jet outlet nozzles, in the case of the specific preferred ones Embodiment therefore only in the closed circulatory system.
  • the circulation therefore becomes a feature substance concentrate and the suspension medium fed separately, preferably locally in front of the pump, with which the feature substance suspension is circulated in the closed circuit will, so this circulation pump has the function of mixing of the feature substance concentrate with the suspension medium.
  • the suspension medium before it is added to the volume.
  • This ensures, among other things, that the suspension, in particular with Pressure drop does not outgas and forms bubbles. Can in the degassed medium there are already existing air bubbles in the feature substance suspension dissolve again. Would such air bubbles with the characteristic substance suspension discharged from the nozzles, this would have a negative impact on the contour and concentration distribution of the feature substance on it Place in the finished paper.
  • the connecting lines are for similar reasons preferably connected to the volume from above and protrude into the volume into it, so that any air bubbles contained in the volume cannot get into the connecting lines and beyond also no feature substances sedimented in volume in the connecting lines get there and block them. Because especially with feature substances with particularly high density there is a risk that some larger particles are deposited at the bottom of the volume.
  • the suspension is between the removal points shut-off devices provided by the buffer volume and the nozzles, which enable each nozzle to be switched on and off individually.
  • the shut-off devices can, for example, shut-off valves or be valves that are manually or automatically controlled and manually, electrically or operated pneumatically. It can be used in a paper web an individual or regularly repeating pattern of features are generated, which can also consist of broken tracks and which also allows coded information to be reproduced. Especially with automatically controlled switching devices Characteristic patterns are generated, their application in the Paper web with marks on it is synchronized. In a preferred embodiment, these marks are made in paper existing watermarks formed.
  • the invention is illustrated below by way of example using a schematic drawing explains the device according to the invention in a paper machine shows.
  • the A suction device is arranged downstream of nozzles 11 in the paper web transport direction 3, which is provided under the paper web 2 to the means of the Nozzles 11 applied to the paper web 2 through the feature substance suspension to suck the paper web 2 through, so that only the feature substances remain in the paper.
  • the paper web 2 is then optionally Processing stations, not shown, for drying, coating, printing and the like.
  • the device for introducing the feature substances into the paper web sets essentially consist of four subsystems.
  • Core component of the The device is the closed circuit designed as a pipeline system 13 of the nozzle cross member 10, which as a circulating pump is a centrifugal pump 14 for the continuous promotion of the suspension of characteristic substances in the Pipe system owns.
  • the second subsystem is through water treatment and feed 20 and the third subsystem through the feature substance concentrate preparation and feed 30 formed.
  • the fourth Subsystem form the nozzles 11 and their connecting lines 15 to the closed Circuit 13 of the nozzle traverse 10. The individual subsystems are described in detail below.
  • the feature substances are stored as feature substance concentrate in a storage container kept available. Through a lid opening 32 Container 31 feature substances supplied in powdered form. The feeder of water takes place via a lockable supply line 33. Water and feature substances are mixed using an agitator 34, and the feature substance concentration is preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight, especially with 0.4 kg of feature substance on 11 water.
  • the exact concentration value in the reservoir is relatively uncritical since the final one Concentration of the feature substance suspension directed from the nozzles 11 onto the paper web 2 only in the closed circuit 13 by admixing set by water. The higher the concentration in the storage container is, the larger the feature set and thus the time period until Refill the storage container.
  • the fill level of the storage container will monitored with a level meter 35.
  • a predetermined viscosity limit of the feature concentrate may be used not exceed, otherwise the promotion of the feature concentrate by means of the preferably designed as a diaphragm pump Metering pump 36 is affected.
  • concentration values given above is the characteristic substance suspension for most characteristic substances still very thin, almost water-like.
  • the closed circuit 13 is also treated water fed via a feed line 28.
  • the water is previously in one, for example 20 l vacuum container 21 at a negative pressure of degassed about 0.3 bar compared to the ambient pressure, so that any Air bubbles, for example with the feature concentrate in the closed circuit 13 get in the feature substance suspension of can resolve closed circuit 13.
  • the vacuum container is with a vacuum pump 27 and a level meter 25 equipped ensures that the level for safety reasons to about 90% of the Capacity is maintained.
  • An example designed as a gear pump 26 The feed pump conveys the treated water from the vacuum container 21 via the feed line 28 to the closed circuit 13.
  • the maximum delivery rate of the gear pump 26 is approximately, for example 550 l per hour, which is sufficient to use about 300 nozzles at the same time a throughput of approx. 1.7 l per hour per nozzle.
  • an additional water decalcifying device integrated, but not shown in the figure is.
  • the closed circuit 13 is essentially formed by a closed one Pipe system with integrated centrifugal pump 14 for circulation the feature substance suspension promoted in the closed circuit 13.
  • the closed circuit 13 is the feature substance concentrate as well the treated water via the supply lines 38, 28 shortly before Centrifugal pump 14 supplied.
  • the centrifugal pump 14 thus takes over Function of the mixing of the feature substance concentrate supplied with the supplied, treated water. This ensures that the concentration distribution of the feature substances in the feature substance suspension is largely homogeneous before feature substance suspension proportions via the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 from the Circuit 13 are branched off.
  • a sieve 16 with a 100 ⁇ m sieve insert Stainless steel is provided just behind the centrifugal pump and holds particles back, which could lead to a blockage of the nozzles 11.
  • a shut-off valve 17 for venting the device provided after switching on.
  • the closed circuit 13 has two control loops, namely a pressure control loop and a density control loop.
  • the pressure control circuit comprises two pressure sensors P 1 and P 2 at different points in the closed circuit 13, namely preferably on the one hand at a point in front of the branches of the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 and on the other hand at a point downstream in the circuit flow direction.
  • the pressure p 1 can be, for example, between 500 and 800 mbar depending on the line lengths and cross sections. Deviations from this target value are measured and used to regulate the gear pump 26 for conveying the treated water in such a way that the target value p 1 is maintained.
  • the pressure value p2 is preferably measured behind the branch of the last connecting line 15 to the last nozzle 11 in order to determine the pressure drop which arises on account of the branched-off feature substance suspension fractions and the flow resistance of the lines in the closed circuit 13.
  • This pressure drop should always be constant in order to ensure that the same pressure conditions prevail at all nozzles 11, regardless of the number of activated nozzles. Since the pressure difference p 2 - p 1 is directly dependent on the flow rate of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13, the differential pressure measured value p 2 - p 1 is used to monitor the delivery rate of the centrifugal pump 14.
  • the density control loop includes a density sensor ⁇ .
  • the inlet of the density sensor ⁇ is directly behind the screen 16 directly on the closed Circuit 13 connected.
  • the drain of the density sensor ⁇ is on the opposite side just before the inlet of the centrifugal pump 14.
  • the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet ensures sufficient Flow through the density sensor ⁇ , which prevents deposits in the density sensor ⁇ .
  • the current density of the characteristic substance suspension in the closed circuit 13 determined. It is a measure of the concentration of feature substances in the characteristic substance suspension of the closed circuit 13.
  • the information provided by the density sensor ⁇ about the current density of the The dosing pump 36 on the reservoir 31 becomes feature substance suspension regulated in order to set a predetermined nominal value of the suspension density, which corresponds to a concentration of a characteristic substance.
  • a typical one Density setting for the dosing of feature substances in the feature substance suspension is about 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%.
  • each branch of a connecting line 15 not only has the same feature substance concentration in the feature substance suspension, but also a pressure that is constant over time, even if from connecting line to connecting line different connecting line inlet pressure.
  • the same connecting line outlet pressure can be set for all lines by a simple constructive design of the connecting lines, by a defined pressure loss being generated in each connecting line 15 by suitable choice of the diameter and / or preferably the length of the connecting lines 15, so that at the end of the connecting lines, that is, the same pressure is present at the nozzles 11.
  • connecting lines 15 with a length of typically a few decimeters have proven suitable.
  • the connecting lines consist, for example, of hoses with an inner diameter of approximately 1 mm.
  • Each connecting line 15 has an individual shut-off valve 12. Die Shutting off individual shut-off valves 12 has on the throughput and nozzle outlet pressure have no effect since the trunk inlet pressure independently by means of the pressure control described above is kept approximately constant by the number of active nozzles.
  • the shut-off valves 12 can also be replaced by shut-off valves. Especially when the generated coding pattern changes frequently or quickly is an electrical or pneumatic (not shown in the figure) Control of the shut-off devices advantageous. All in all can also have several hundred nozzles at a distance of approx. 3 to 15 mm staggered.
  • the connecting lines 15 from above to the closed circuit 13 are connected to prevent larger feature substance particles that are at the bottom of the closed cycle 13 have been sucked in, leading to constipation of the Components such as stopcocks, nozzles, etc. could result. Protrude beyond the connecting lines 15 from above about 10 mm in the closed Circuit 13 in order to prevent any air bubbles with the Characteristic substance suspension are discharged through the nozzles 11, which is would adversely affect the quality of the stripe pattern generated.
  • the above-described device for introducing feature substances into a paper web enables a wide variety of line codes by activating and deactivating individual nozzles 11 by means of the respectively associated shut-off valves 12, without this having an effect on the feature substance concentration of the individual lines ultimately present in the finished paper.
  • This is essentially due to the special pressure control circuit, in which the absolute pressure in the volume, for example the pressure p 1 in the closed circuit 13 before branching of the connecting lines 15 and the pressure p 2 after branching of the connecting lines 15, is measured and by controlling the delivery rate of the Gear pump 26 are each kept at a constant value.

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Abstract

In a process to introduce a watermark into pre-moistened but adequately strong paper web, the watermark is applied to the surface as a low pressure-regulated laminar jet. The laminar jet pressure is carefully regulated to ensure that the pressure from each jet is identical irrespective of the number of jets. The fluid is a water-based marker substance. The pressure applied is in the range 30 to 200 mbar. Also clamed is a commensurate paper web (2) spray assembly with a liquid reservoir (13) discharging to jets (11). The assembly further has a pressure regulation device (P1, P2, 26)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn sowie eine Papiermaschine mit einer solchen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for introduction of feature substances in a paper web as well as in a paper machine such a device.

Es ist bekannt, Merkmalsstoffe als Sicherheitsmerkmale in papierene Wertdokumente, insbesondere Banknoten, einzubringen, beispielsweise lumineszierende Partikel, die bei einer geeigneten Anregungsstrahlung, wie UV-Licht, in einer charakteristischen Farbe fluoreszieren. Allgemein werden hier unter Merkmalsstoffen Substanzen mit bestimmten physikalischen Eigenschaften verstanden, deren Vorhandensein und/oder Anordnung aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften messtechnisch, beispielsweise mittels geeigneter Sensoren überprüfbar ist. Solche Merkmale werden zumeist als Zeichen, Muster oder Linien an definierten Positionen des Papiers platziert.It is known to use feature substances as security features in paper documents of value, in particular to introduce banknotes, for example luminescent Particles that are exposed to suitable excitation radiation, such as UV light, fluoresce in a characteristic color. Generally, here among characteristic substances substances with certain physical properties understood, their presence and / or arrangement due these properties metrologically, for example by means of suitable sensors is verifiable. Such features are mostly used as signs, patterns or lines placed at defined positions on the paper.

Bekannt ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A-197 54 776, farbige Muster mit scharfen Konturen linienförmig auf fertiges Papier aufzusprühen, um auf diese Weise graphische, mit bloßem Auge erkennbare Sicherheitsmerkmale zu erzeugen. Diese Sicherheitsmerkmale sind auf der Oberfläche des Papiers niedergeschlagen und daher nicht nur sichtbar sondern auch fühlbar. Insbesondere bei Verwendung lumineszierender Substanzen, deren Farbeffekte nur unter bestimmten Anregungsbedingungen erkennbar werden, ist es jedoch gewünscht, dass deren Einbringungsort dem unbefangenen Betrachter und insbesondere etwaigen Fälschern nicht auffällt.It is known, for example from DE-A-197 54 776, with colored patterns to spray sharp contours linearly onto finished paper in this way graphic security features that are visible to the naked eye to create. These security features are on the surface of the paper depressed and therefore not only visible but also palpable. In particular when using luminescent substances, their color effects However, it can only be recognized under certain excitation conditions wanted their place of introduction to the unbiased observer and especially notices any counterfeiters.

Die UK-A-696 673 schlägt beispielsweise vor, Farbpigmente in einer sich mit Wasser nicht vermischenden Suspensionsflüssigkeit bereits während der Blattbildung mittels Spritzen ins Zentrum des Blattes zu injizieren, um Punktlinien oder kontinuierliche Linien, beispielsweise aus in UV-Licht fluoreszierendem Material zu erzeugen. Da sich aber die fluoreszierende Suspension in dem noch nicht fertig geschöpften Papiermaterial jedenfalls teilweise und nicht kontrollierbar ausbreitet, sind die Konturen solcher Linien unscharf und die Pigmentkonzentration ist über die Linienbreite ungleichmäßig.UK-A-696 673, for example, proposes to include color pigments in one Water not mixing the suspension liquid already during the To inject leaf formation into the center of the leaf using syringes Dot lines or continuous lines, for example made in UV light to produce fluorescent material. But since the fluorescent In any case, suspension in the paper material that has not yet been completed the contours are partially and not controllable Lines are out of focus and the pigment concentration is across the line width uneven.

Die DE-PS-497 037 schlägt demgegenüber vor, eine Suspension mit fluoreszierenden Substanzen auf die fertig geschöpfte, noch feuchte Papierbahn so aufzutragen, beispielsweise aufzuspritzen, dass die Papierstruktur selbst keine nennenswerte Änderung erfährt. Aber auch das Aufspritzen führt zu Mustern, deren Konturenschärfe schwierig zu kontrollieren ist und deren Merkmalskonzentration über die Fläche des Musters nicht konstant ist.DE-PS-497 037, on the other hand, proposes a suspension with fluorescent Substances on the finished, still moist paper web like this to apply, for example, to spray on the paper structure itself undergoes no significant change. But spraying also leads to Patterns whose sharpness of contours is difficult to control and whose Feature concentration over the area of the pattern is not constant.

Diese Nachteile werden durch das in UK-PS 643 430 beschriebene Verfahren zwar teilweise überwunden, bei dem ein Endlosmetallband mit schablonenartigen Aussparungen mit der entstehenden Papierbahn mitbewegt wird und die farbigen Merkmalsstoffe diffus so aufgesprüht werden, dass sie im Bereich der schablonenartigen Aussparungen in die Papierbahn eindringen. Aber auch dadurch wird noch keine ausreichend homogene Verteilung der Merkmalsstoffe erreicht, wie die EP-A-0 659 935 kritisiert.These disadvantages are overcome by the method described in UK Patent 643,430 partially overcome, in which an endless metal strip with template-like Recesses with the resulting paper web is moved and the colored feature substances are sprayed diffusely so that they are in the Penetrate the area of the template-like recesses into the paper web. But this also does not result in a sufficiently homogeneous distribution of the Feature substances achieved, as criticized in EP-A-0 659 935.

In der EP-A-0 659 935 wird stattdessen vorgeschlagen, die Merkmalsstoffe nicht in einer Suspension sondern in einem Gas zu dispergieren, so dass Agglomerate von Merkmalspartikeln leicht zerfallen und in definierter, homogener Konzentration im Gas vorliegen, um dann mittels einer Düse auf die noch nasse Papierbahn aufgesprüht zu werden. Damit sei selbst bei geringen Merkmalskonzentrationen noch eine homogene Verteilung in Papier bei gleichzeitig relativ scharfen Konturen erzielbar.Instead, EP-A-0 659 935 proposes the feature substances to disperse not in a suspension but in a gas, so that Agglomerates of feature particles easily disintegrate and in defined, homogeneous concentration in the gas, then by means of a nozzle to be sprayed on the still wet paper web. So that even at low Feature concentrations still a homogeneous distribution in paper achievable with relatively sharp contours at the same time.

Nachteilhaft an dieser aerosolen Aufbringung der Partikel ist, dass nur wenige Merkmalsstoffe für die Aufbringung in Aerosolform geeignet sind, da die Leitungen und Düsen leicht verstopfen. Dies gilt insbesondere für feinkörnige Merkmalsstoffe, die zur Agglomeration neigen. Außerdem ergaben Versuchsergebnisse verhältnismäßig hohe Konzentrationsschwankungen, so dass eine hohe Merkmalskonzentration notwendig ist, um zuverlässig messbare Merkmale zu erhalten.A disadvantage of this aerosol application of the particles is that only a few Characteristic substances are suitable for application in aerosol form, since the Slightly clog pipes and nozzles. This applies in particular to fine-grained ones Feature substances that tend to agglomerate. Also revealed Test results of relatively high concentration fluctuations, so that a high concentration of features is necessary in order to be reliably measurable Get characteristics.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung sowie eine entsprechende Papiermaschine vorzuschlagen, mit der es möglich ist, Merkmalsstoffe in Mustern bzw. Spuren mit scharfen Konturen und über die Musterfläche möglichst gleichmäßigen, auch niedrigen Konzentrationen in Papier einzubringen, ohne dass dadurch für das Auge sichtbare Veränderungen der Faserstruktur des Papiers entstehen.The object of the present invention is therefore a method and a Propose device and a corresponding paper machine with which it is possible to sharpen feature substances in patterns or traces Contours and as evenly as possible over the sample area, too low concentrations in paper, without this for visible changes in the fiber structure of the paper arise to the eye.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung sowie eine Papiermaschine mit den in den nebengeordneten Patentansprüchen angegebenen Merkmalen. In davon abhängigen Ansprüchen sind bevorzugte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.This object is achieved by a method and a device, as well a paper machine with the specified in the independent claims Features. Claims dependent thereon are preferred Further developments and refinements of the invention are specified.

Ähnlich wie in der DE-PS 497 037 werden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung die Merkmalsstoffe während des Papierherstellungsprozesses zu einem Zeitpunkt in die Papierbahn eingebracht, zu dem der Großteil der Flüssigkeit der ursprünglichen Papiermasse bereits entzogen ist, die Papierbahn also noch feucht, aber bereits verfestigt ist, indem eine Merkmalsstoffsuspension so auf die noch feuchte Papierbahn aufgetragen wird, dass die Papierbahn dabei keine Faserstrukturänderung erfährt. Um dies zu erreichen, wird die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als laminarer Strahl mit geringem Strahldruck auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn geleitet. Die Merkmalsstoffsuspension fließt mit geringem Druck auf die Papierbahn.Similar to DE-PS 497 037 according to the present invention the feature substances into one during the papermaking process Introduced into the paper web at which the majority of the Liquid has already been removed from the original paper pulp, the paper web So still moist, but is already solidified by a suspension of characteristic substances is applied to the still moist paper web so that the Paper web does not experience any change in fiber structure. To achieve this, is the feature substance suspension as a laminar jet with low Jet pressure directed to the surface of the paper web. The characteristic substance suspension flows onto the paper web with little pressure.

Aufgrund des geringen Strahldrucks, worunter der Druck an der Eintrittsseite einer Düse verstanden wird, wird verhindert, dass sich die Faserstruktur des Papiervlieses beim Auftragen der Merkmalsstoffsuspension verändert. Dementsprechend ist der Ort, an dem die Merkmalsstoffsuspension aufgetragen wird, an dem fertigen Papier für das bloße Auge nicht sichtbar, auch nicht im Durchlicht. Daher kann das Verfahren auch zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen im Wasserzeichenbereich eingesetzt werden.Because of the low jet pressure, including the pressure on the inlet side is understood, the fiber structure is prevented of the paper fleece when applying the characteristic substance suspension changed. Accordingly, the place where the feature substance suspension is applied to the finished paper for the naked eye not visible, not even in transmitted light. Therefore, the procedure can also used to introduce feature substances in the watermark area become.

Ein Strahldruck an der Düseneintrittsseite im Bereich von etwa 30 bis 200 mbar, vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 mbar, hat sich als besonders geeignet erwiesen. Ein darunter liegender Düseneintrittsdruck führt zu ungleichmäßiger und instabiler Strahlausbildung sowie zu Ablagerungen des Merkmalsstoffes in den Zuleitungen, während ein höherer Düseneintrittsdruck ab circa 250 mbar aufwärts zu Strukturveränderungen im Faservlies der Papierbahn führt. Die Austrittsdüsen selbst können sehr einfach gestaltet sein, beispielsweise als Metall- oder Keramikröhrchen. Besonders geeignet sind aber auch so genannte Vollstrahldüsen oder Flachstrahldüsen, aus denen die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als voller Strahl mit rundem oder flachem Querschnitt austritt.A jet pressure on the nozzle inlet side in the range from about 30 to 200 mbar, preferably 50 to 100 mbar, has been found to be particularly suitable proved. A nozzle inlet pressure below this leads to more uneven and unstable beam formation as well as deposits of the feature substance in the supply lines, while a higher nozzle inlet pressure decreases approx. 250 mbar upwards for structural changes in the nonwoven fabric Paper web leads. The outlet nozzles themselves can be designed very simply be, for example, as a metal or ceramic tube. Particularly suitable are also so-called full jet nozzles or flat jet nozzles which the feature substance suspension as a full jet with a round or flat cross section emerges.

Die Breitenausdehnung der Merkmalsspur ist empirisch ermittelbar und bei konstant zugeführter Suspensionsmenge nahezu konstant. Die dadurch erzeugten Muster besitzen daher scharfe Konturen. Da der auf die Papierbahn geleitete Suspensionsstrahl die nasse und noch weiche Papierlage gleichmäßig durchdringt, ist die aufgebrachte Suspensionsmenge über der Fläche in etwa konstant. Dadurch bedingt ist die Merkmalskonzentration über die Breite des erzeugten Musters nahezu homogen, und zwar unabhängig davon, wie hoch die Merkmalskonzentration in der Suspension ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, Muster selbst mit geringsten, homogen über die Musterfläche verteilten Merkmalskonzentrationen zu erzeugen. Die Merkmalskonzentration der erzeugten Muster kann so gering sein, dass die Merkmale mit dem bloßen Auge nicht mehr sichtbar, sondern nur noch maschinell mittels geeigneter Sensoren nachweisbar sind. The width of the traces of the feature can be determined empirically and at constant amount of suspension almost constant. The generated thereby Patterns therefore have sharp contours. Because the on the paper web guided suspension jet the wet and still soft paper layer evenly penetrated is the amount of suspension applied over the surface roughly constant. This causes the concentration of features to be higher than The width of the generated pattern is almost homogeneous, regardless of how high the concentration of features in the suspension is. This is it is possible to make patterns with even the smallest, homogeneous across the sample area to produce distributed feature concentrations. The feature concentration the pattern generated can be so small that the features with no longer visible to the naked eye, but only mechanically suitable sensors are detectable.

Da das Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe auf Flüssigkeitsbasis erfolgt, kann nahezu jede Art von Merkmalsstoffen verwendet werden, die in einem geeigneten Suspensionsmedium dispergierbar oder löslich sind. Selbst Pigmente hoher Dichte können auf diese Weise gleichmäßig in die Papierbahn eingebracht werden. Die Einbringung der Merkmalsstoffe mittels Vollstrahlen hat gegenüber Sprühverfahren den weiteren Vorteil, dass kein Sprühnebel auftritt. Dadurch verschmutzt die verwendete Apparatur nicht so leicht und es treten geringere Probleme mit der Ablagerung von Partikeln an den Düsen auf.Since the feature substances are introduced on a liquid basis, Almost any kind of feature substances can be used in one suitable suspension medium are dispersible or soluble. Self In this way, high-density pigments can evenly penetrate the paper web be introduced. The introduction of the feature substances by means of Full blasting has the further advantage over spraying methods that none Spray occurs. As a result, the equipment used does not become dirty so light and there are fewer problems with particle deposition on the nozzles.

Vorzugsweise werden die Merkmalsstoffe in Wasser dispergiert, da Wasser jederzeit verfügbar, preiswert, ungefährlich und chemisch neutral ist. Dies schließt die Verwendung anderer Flüssigkeiten, wie zum Beispiel Alkohol, nicht aus. Besonders geeignet als Merkmalsstoffe sind lumineszierende Pigmente, die nur unter besonderen Anregungsbedingungen wie beispielsweise unter UV-Licht erkennbar sind, so dass die in das Papier eingebrachten Merkmalsmuster bei Tageslicht nicht ohne weiteres sichtbar sind. Aber auch magnetische oder in bestimmten Wellenlängenbereichen absorbierende Merkmalsstoffe sind mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der Vorrichtung verarbeitbar.The feature substances are preferably dispersed in water, since water always available, inexpensive, harmless and chemically neutral. This excludes the use of other liquids, such as alcohol, not from. Luminescent substances are particularly suitable as feature substances Pigments that only under special excitation conditions such as are recognizable under UV light, so that the inserted into the paper Feature patterns are not readily visible in daylight. But also magnetic or absorbing in certain wavelength ranges Feature substances are with the inventive method or the device processable.

Vorzugsweise wird der laminare Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsstrahl unmittelbar nach der Blattbildung und Abnahme der noch weichen Papierbahn vom Papierbildungssieb auf die Papierbahn geleitet, da die Papierbahn an dieser Stelle ausreichend verfestigt, aber noch so feucht ist, dass die Suspension mit den Merkmalsstoffen in die Papierbahn eindringen kann, ohne Spuren zu hinterlassen. Eine besondere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass an einer in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordneten Stelle der Papiermaschine eine Saugeinrichtung in Form eines separaten Saugkastens vorgesehen ist, um das Suspensionsmedium durch die Papierbahn hindurch abzusaugen. Dadurch wird unterstützt, dass die Merkmalsstoffe nicht nur in oberflächennahen Bereichen des Papiers, sondern über die gesamte Papierdicke verteilt vorliegen.The laminar feature substance suspension jet is preferably immediate after sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web from Paper forming sieve passed on the paper web, since the paper web on this Place solidified sufficiently, but is still so moist that the suspension with the feature substances can penetrate the paper web without leaving any traces leave. A special embodiment provides that one in Paper web transport direction downstream of the paper machine Suction device in the form of a separate suction box is provided to aspirate the suspension medium through the paper web. Thereby is supported that the feature substances not only in areas of the paper near the surface, but over the entire area Paper thickness is distributed.

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt bei der Erzeugung der Merkmalsmuster im Papier ist darin zu sehen, dass die auf die Papierbahn aufgebrachte Merkmalsstoffsuspension zu jedem Zeitpunkt ein exakt definiertes Merkmalsstoffkonzentrationsniveau besitzt, so dass eine Prüfung des Papiers immer zu demselben Ergebnis führt, unabhängig davon, an welcher Stelle des Papiers das erzeugte Merkmalsmuster geprüft wird. Zu diesem Zweck sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dass die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in einem Volumen ständig umgewälzt und dadurch durchmischt wird, vorzugsweise in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf kontinuierlich gefördert wird. Diese Vorgehensweise ist besonders vorteilhaft, da insbesondere bei einer kontinuierlichen Umwälzung und Durchmischung der Merkmalsstoffsuspension auf jegliche chemischen Zusätze zur Stabilisierung der Suspension verzichtet werden kann und solche Zusätze meist unerwünschte Einflüsse auf die Papierbahnbildung haben.An essential aspect in the generation of feature patterns in paper can be seen in the fact that the feature substance suspension applied to the paper web a precisely defined level of feature substances at all times owns, so that a check of the paper always goes to the same The result is regardless of where in the paper the generated one is Characteristic pattern is checked. For this purpose it looks advantageous Embodiment of the invention that the feature substance suspension in one Volume is constantly circulated and thereby mixed, preferably is continuously promoted in a closed cycle. This The procedure is particularly advantageous since, especially in the case of a continuous Circulation and mixing of the characteristic substance suspension dispense with any chemical additives to stabilize the suspension can be and such additives mostly undesirable influences on the Have paper web formation.

Das Volumen sollte eine bestimmte Größe aufweisen, denn es dient als Puffervolumen, das Schwankungen der Konzentration des Merkmalsstoffs im Volumen kompensiert, die durch die Zufuhr von weiterem Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat und Suspensionsmedium in das Volumen hervorgerufen werden. Dieses Volumen darf andererseits aber auch nicht zu groß sein, da sonst durchzuführende Änderungen des Sollwerts der Merkmalsstoffkonzentration zu lange dauern. Es hat sich bewährt, die Größe des Volumens so zu wählen, dass ein Austausch bzw. der Durchsatz des Volumens über die Düsen etwa 15 min. dauert.The volume should have a certain size because it serves as Buffer volume, the fluctuations in the concentration of the feature substance compensated in volume by the addition of additional feature substance concentrate and suspension medium in the volume become. On the other hand, this volume must not be too large, either otherwise changes to be made to the target value of the feature substance concentration take too long. It has proven itself to be the size of the volume to choose that an exchange or the throughput of the volume over the Nozzles about 15 min. lasts.

Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt, der insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Papierbahnen mit Mehrfachnutzen zu beachten ist, bei der regelmäßig mehrere identische Merkmalsmuster gleichzeitig eingebracht werden, ist darin zu sehen, dass der Druck, mit dem die Merkmalsstoffsuspension an unterschiedlichen Stellen auf die Papierbahn geleitet wird, jeweils identisch ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist vorgesehen, dass von dem geschlossenen, kontinuierlich geförderten Merkmalsstoffsuspensionskreislauf eine Vielzahl von bis zu mehreren Hundert Verbindungsleitungen zu Düsen abzweigen, aus denen die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in laminaren Strahlen auf das Papierblatt geleitet wird. Dabei tritt in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf zwangsläufig ein Druckverlust auf, der ebenso wie der Druckverlust durch den Strömungswiderstand des Kreislaufes dazu führt, dass je nach dem Ort, an dem die zur Düse führende Verbindungsleitung von dem Kreislauf abzweigt, ein individueller Suspensionsdruck bzw. Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck vorliegt, der bis zur Düse gerade soweit verringert werden muss, dass an allen Düsen, mit denen gleichartige Muster erzeugt werden sollen, der gleiche Düsenaustrittsdruck vorliegt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine spezielle Regeleinrichtung in jeder Verbindungsleitung realisiert werden. Einfacher und daher bevorzugt wird allerdings eine Lösung, wonach die Länge und/oder der Durchmesser der Verbindungsleitungen derart gewählt sind, dass der Druckverlust in den Verbindungsleitungen gerade so hoch ist, dass der Düsenaustrittsdruck jeweils identisch ist.Another important aspect, particularly in the manufacture of Paper webs with multiple uses are to be observed, with regularly several identical feature patterns are introduced at the same time to see that the pressure with which the feature substance suspension at different Places passed on the paper web, each is identical. To this purpose is intended to be closed, continuous funded feature substance suspension cycle a variety of up to Branch several hundred connecting lines to nozzles from which the feature substance suspension is guided in laminar rays onto the paper sheet becomes. This inevitably occurs in the closed cycle Pressure loss on, as well as the pressure loss due to the flow resistance of the cycle means that depending on the place where the Nozzles leading connecting line branches off the circuit, an individual Suspension pressure or connecting line inlet pressure is present, which has to be reduced down to the nozzle just enough that at all nozzles, with which similar patterns are to be created, the same Nozzle outlet pressure is present. This can be done, for example, through a special Control device can be implemented in each connecting line. Easier and therefore a solution is preferred, according to which the length and / or the diameter of the connecting lines are selected such that the pressure loss in the connecting lines is just so high that the Nozzle outlet pressure is identical in each case.

Der Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck hängt einerseits davon ab, wie hoch der maximale Suspensionsdruck in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf ist, und andererseits davon, wie hoch der Druckverlust in dem Kreislauf bis zur Abzweigung der fraglichen Verbindungsleitung ist. Dieser Druckverlust hängt aber wiederum unmittelbar davon ab, mit welcher Geschwindigkeit die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Kreislauf gefördert wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Förder- bzw. Umwälzpumpe mit hoher und konstanter Leistung betrieben, um eine möglichst hohe Umwälzgeschwindigkeit und dadurch eine turbulente Strömung zu erzeugen, die eine Sedimentation der Merkmalspartikel verhindert und gleichzeitig eine gleichmäßige Durchmischung der Suspension erzielt. Durch die konstant gehaltene Umwälzpumpenleistung wird während des Betriebs für gleich bleibende Verhältnisse in den Leitungen und Düsen gesorgt. Die Funktionsfähigkeit und Wirkung der Pumpe wird durch Messung einer Druckdifferenz überwacht. Dazu kann der Druck im Kreislauf einerseits vor und andererseits hinter den Verbindungsleitungsabzweigungen gemessen werden und anhand des gemessenen Differenzdrucks auf die Förderleistung der Umwälzpumpe geschlossen werden. Sowohl Verschleiß der Umwälzpumpe durch abrasive Eigenschaften der Suspensionspartikel als auch eine beispielsweise durch Ablagerungen in den Leitungen oder Filtern des Kreislaufs hervorgerufene Querschnittsverringerung oder Verstopfung führen zu einer Abnahme der im Kreislauf gemessenen Druckdifferenz. Die Überwachung der Druckdifferenz ermöglicht daher rechtzeitig eingeleitete Gegenmaßnahmen.The connection line inlet pressure depends on how high is the maximum suspension pressure in the closed circuit, and on the other hand how much pressure loss in the circuit to the branch the connecting line in question is. This pressure loss depends but again directly depends on the speed at which the Characteristic substance suspension is promoted in the cycle. Preferably becomes the feed or circulation pump with high and constant output operated in order to achieve the highest possible circulation speed and thereby to produce a turbulent flow that sedimentation of the feature particles prevents and at the same time an even mixing achieved the suspension. Due to the constant circulation pump output is used during operation for constant conditions in the Pipes and nozzles provided. The functionality and effect of Pump is monitored by measuring a pressure difference. This can the pressure in the circuit on the one hand before and on the other hand behind the connecting pipe branches be measured and based on the measured Differential pressure on the delivery rate of the circulation pump can be concluded. Both wear of the circulation pump due to abrasive properties the suspension particles as well as one for example by deposits in reduction in cross-section caused by the pipes or filters of the circuit or constipation lead to a decrease in the measured in the circulation Pressure difference. The monitoring of the pressure difference enables therefore countermeasures initiated in good time.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, um den maximalen bzw. absoluten Suspensionsdruck im Kreislauf konstant zu halten. Dazu wird der absolute Druck in dem Volumen an geeigneter Stelle gemessen und über eine Zuführpumpe die dem Volumen zugeführte Menge des Suspensionsmediums gesteuert. Obwohl dem Volumen über die Düsen kontinuierlich Merkmalssuspension entnommen wird, bleiben die wesentlichen Parameter im Volumen und damit auch an den Düsen konstant.A control device is preferably provided in order to determine the maximum or to keep the absolute suspension pressure constant in the circuit. To the absolute pressure in the volume is measured at a suitable point and the volume of the suspension medium supplied to the volume via a feed pump controlled. Although the volume is continuous through the nozzles Characteristic suspension is removed, the essential remain Parameters in volume and therefore constant at the nozzles.

Alternativ kann anstatt des Druckes im Entnahmevolumen auch die geförderte bzw. umgewälzte Menge überwacht und konstant gehalten werden. Auch in diesem Fall werden dem Volumen entzogene Suspensionsanteile kompensiert und für konstante Verhältnisse gesorgt. Die Druckregelung hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass sie unabhängig von der Anzahl geöffneter Düsen dafür sorgt, dass bei gleichen Düsen aus jeder Düse die gleiche Suspensionsmenge austritt. Dies ist insbesondere von Vorteil, wenn bei laufender Papierbahnproduktion eine schnelle Änderung der mit den Suspensionsstrahlen im Papier erzeugten Codierung erfolgen soll. Alternatively, instead of the pressure in the extraction volume, the pumped one can or circulated volume are monitored and kept constant. In this case too, suspension portions are extracted from the volume compensated and provided for constant conditions. The pressure control has however, the advantage of being independent of the number of open nozzles ensures that, with the same nozzles, the same amount of suspension from each nozzle exit. This is particularly advantageous if the paper web production is running a quick change in with the suspension jets Paper generated coding should be done.

Für die Funktionsfähigkeit der Vorrichtung, mit der die Merkmalsstoffsuspension auf die Papierbahn aufgetragen wird, ist es wichtig, dass es zu keinen Ablagerungen, insbesondere von Merkmalsstoffen in einzelnen Bestandteilen der Vorrichtung kommt, da sich dies negativ auf die Druckverhältnisse in der Vorrichtung und damit auf die Gleichmäßigkeit der erzeugten Merkmalsmuster auswirken kann. Daher ist vorgesehen, dass die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in der gewünschten Konzentration im Wesentlichen erst in dem Volumen erzeugt wird, von welchem die Verbindungsleitungen zu den Strahlaustrittsdüsen abzweigen, im Fall der konkreten bevorzugten Ausführungsform also erst in dem geschlossenen Kreislaufsystem. Dem Kreislauf werden deshalb ein Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat und das Suspensionsmedium getrennt zugeführt, vorzugsweise örtlich vor der Pumpe, mit der die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt wird, so dass diese Umwälzpumpe die Funktion des Vermischens des Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats mit dem Suspensionsmedium übernimmt.For the functionality of the device with which the feature substance suspension It is important that it is applied to the paper web no deposits, especially of feature substances in individual Components of the device comes as this negatively affects the pressure conditions in the device and thus on the uniformity of the generated feature patterns can impact. It is therefore envisaged that the Feature substance suspension in the desired concentration essentially is only generated in the volume from which the connecting lines branch off to the jet outlet nozzles, in the case of the specific preferred ones Embodiment therefore only in the closed circulatory system. The circulation therefore becomes a feature substance concentrate and the suspension medium fed separately, preferably locally in front of the pump, with which the feature substance suspension is circulated in the closed circuit will, so this circulation pump has the function of mixing of the feature substance concentrate with the suspension medium.

Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, eine Entgasungseinrichtung vorzusehen, zum Entgasen des Suspensionsmediums, bevor es dem Volumen zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird unter anderem erreicht, dass die Suspension, insbesondere bei Druckabfall nicht ausgast und Blasen bildet. Im entgasten Medium können sich auch bereits vorhandene Luftblasen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension wieder auflösen. Würden solche Luftblasen mit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension aus den Düsen ausgetragen, so hätte dies einen negativen Einfluss auf die Kontur und Konzentrationsverteilung des Merkmalsstoffs an dieser Stelle im fertigen Papier. Aus ähnlichen Gründen sind die Verbindungsleitungen vorzugsweise von oben an das Volumen angeschlossen und ragen in das Volumen hinein, so dass etwaige in dem Volumen enthaltene Luftblasen nicht in die Verbindungsleitungen gelangen können und darüber hinaus auch keine in dem Volumen sedimentierten Merkmalsstoffe in die Verbindungsleitungen gelangen und diese blockieren können. Denn insbesondere bei Merkmalsstoffen mit besonders hoher Dichte besteht die Gefahr, dass sich einige größere Partikel am Grund des Volumens ablagern.Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide a degassing device for Degas the suspension medium before it is added to the volume. This ensures, among other things, that the suspension, in particular with Pressure drop does not outgas and forms bubbles. Can in the degassed medium there are already existing air bubbles in the feature substance suspension dissolve again. Would such air bubbles with the characteristic substance suspension discharged from the nozzles, this would have a negative impact on the contour and concentration distribution of the feature substance on it Place in the finished paper. The connecting lines are for similar reasons preferably connected to the volume from above and protrude into the volume into it, so that any air bubbles contained in the volume cannot get into the connecting lines and beyond also no feature substances sedimented in volume in the connecting lines get there and block them. Because especially with feature substances with particularly high density there is a risk that some larger particles are deposited at the bottom of the volume.

In bevorzugten Ausführungen sind zwischen den Entnahmestellen der Suspension vom Puffervolumen und den Düsen Absperrvorrichtungen vorgesehen, die ein individuelles Ein- und Ausschalten jeder einzelnen Düse ermöglichen. Die Absperrvorrichtungen können beispielsweise Absperrhähne oder Ventile sein, die manuell oder automatisch gesteuert und manuell, elektrisch oder pneumatisch betätigt werden. Damit kann in einer Papierbahn ein individuelles oder sich regelmäßig wiederholendes Merkmalsmuster erzeugt werden, das auch aus unterbrochenen Spuren bestehen kann und wodurch auch codierte Informationen wiedergegeben werden können. Insbesondere bei automatisch gesteuerten Schaltvorrichtungen können Merkmalsmuster erzeugt werden, deren Auf- bzw. Einbringung in die Papierbahn mit darauf befindlichen Marken synchronisiert wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden diese Marken durch im Papier vorhandene Wasserzeichen gebildet.In preferred embodiments, the suspension is between the removal points shut-off devices provided by the buffer volume and the nozzles, which enable each nozzle to be switched on and off individually. The shut-off devices can, for example, shut-off valves or be valves that are manually or automatically controlled and manually, electrically or operated pneumatically. It can be used in a paper web an individual or regularly repeating pattern of features are generated, which can also consist of broken tracks and which also allows coded information to be reproduced. Especially with automatically controlled switching devices Characteristic patterns are generated, their application in the Paper web with marks on it is synchronized. In a preferred embodiment, these marks are made in paper existing watermarks formed.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand einer Schemazeichnung erläutert, die eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Papiermaschine zeigt.The invention is illustrated below by way of example using a schematic drawing explains the device according to the invention in a paper machine shows.

Von der Papiermaschine ist lediglich ein winziger Ausschnitt dargestellt, nämlich das Ende des Papierbildungssiebs 1. Eine Papierbahn 2, die strichliniert dargestellt ist, verlässt das Papierbildungssieb 1 in Pfeilrichtung. In diesem Zustand ist die Papierbahn 2 bereits weit gehend verfestigt, aber noch feucht. Die das Papierbildungssieb 1 verlassende Papierbahn 2 wird weitertransportiert und unter einer Düsentraverse 10 hindurchgeführt. Durch die Düsen 11 hindurch wird eine Merkmalsstoffsuspension von oben auf die feuchte Papierbahn geleitet, um linienförmige Merkmalsmuster parallel zur Papierbahnaußenkante in der Papierbahn zu erzeugen. Mehrere hundert Düsen 11 können nebeneinander vorgesehen werden, die einzeln über zugeordnete Absperrhähne 12 aktivierbar und deaktivierbar sind. Den Düsen 11 in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordnet ist eine Absaugeinrichtung 3, die unter der Papierbahn 2 vorgesehen ist, um die mittels den Düsen 11 auf die Papierbahn 2 aufgebrachte Merkmalsstoffsuspension durch die Papierbahn 2 hindurch abzusaugen, so dass lediglich die Merkmalsstoffe im Papier zurückbleiben. Wie der Figur zu entnehmen ist, kann diese Absaugeinrichtung bereits in Papierbahntransportrichtung vor den Düsen 11 beginnen. Die Papierbahn 2 wird anschließend wahlweise nachfolgenden, nicht dargestellten Bearbeitungsstationen zum Trocknen, Beschichten, Bedrucken und dergleichen zugeführt.Only a tiny section of the paper machine is shown, namely the end of the paper forming screen 1. A paper web 2, which is dashed is shown, the paper forming screen 1 leaves in the direction of the arrow. In In this state, the paper web 2 is already largely solidified, however still wet. The paper web 2 leaving the paper forming screen 1 becomes transported further and passed under a nozzle cross member 10. Through the nozzles 11 through a feature substance suspension from above passed onto the damp paper web to create linear feature patterns to produce parallel to the outer edge of the paper web in the paper web. Several A hundred nozzles 11 can be provided side by side, individually can be activated and deactivated via assigned shut-off valves 12. The A suction device is arranged downstream of nozzles 11 in the paper web transport direction 3, which is provided under the paper web 2 to the means of the Nozzles 11 applied to the paper web 2 through the feature substance suspension to suck the paper web 2 through, so that only the feature substances remain in the paper. As can be seen from the figure, this can Suction device in the paper web transport direction in front of the nozzles 11 kick off. The paper web 2 is then optionally Processing stations, not shown, for drying, coating, printing and the like.

Die Vorrichtung zum Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe in die Papierbahn setzt sich im Wesentlichen aus vier Teilsystemen zusammen. Kernbestandteil der Vorrichtung ist der als Rohrleitungssystem ausgebildete geschlossene Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10, welcher als Umwälzpumpe eine Kreiselpumpe 14 zur kontinuierlichen Förderung der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Rohrleitungssystem besitzt. Das zweite Teilsystem wird durch die Wasseraufbereitung und -zuführung 20 und das dritte Teilsystem durch die Merkmalsstoffkonzentrataufbereitung und -zuführung 30 gebildet. Das vierte Teilsystem bilden die Düsen 11 und ihre Verbindungsleitungen 15 zum geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10. Die einzelnen Teilsysteme werden nachfolgend detailliert beschrieben.The device for introducing the feature substances into the paper web sets essentially consist of four subsystems. Core component of the The device is the closed circuit designed as a pipeline system 13 of the nozzle cross member 10, which as a circulating pump is a centrifugal pump 14 for the continuous promotion of the suspension of characteristic substances in the Pipe system owns. The second subsystem is through water treatment and feed 20 and the third subsystem through the feature substance concentrate preparation and feed 30 formed. The fourth Subsystem form the nozzles 11 and their connecting lines 15 to the closed Circuit 13 of the nozzle traverse 10. The individual subsystems are described in detail below.

In einem Vorratsbehälter werden die Merkmalsstoffe als Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat zur Verfügung gehalten. Durch eine Deckelöffnung 32 werden dem Behälter 31 Merkmalsstoffe in pulverisierter Form zugeführt. Die Zuführung von Wasser erfolgt über eine absperrbare Zuleitung 33. Wasser und Merkmalsstoffe werden mittels einem Rührwerk 34 gemischt, und die Merkmalsstoffkonzentration liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere bei 0,4 kg Merkmalsstoff auf 11 Wasser. Der genaue Konzentrationswert im Vorratsbehälter ist relativ unkritisch, da die endgültige Konzentration der von den Düsen 11 auf die Papierbahn 2 geleiteten Merkmalsstoffsuspension erst im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 durch Zumischen von Wasser eingestellt wird. Je höher die Konzentration im Vorratsbehälter ist, desto größer ist der Merkmalsvorrat und damit die Zeitspanne bis zum Nachfüllen des Vorratsbehälters. Der Füllstand des Vorratsbehälters wird mit einem Füllstandsmesser 35 überwacht. Die Konzentration im Vorratsbehälter darf allerdings eine vorgegebene Viskositätsgrenze des Merkmalskonzentrats nicht überschreiten, da ansonsten die Förderung des Merkmalskonzentrats mittels der vorzugsweise als Membranpumpe ausgebildeten Dosierpumpe 36 beeinträchtigt wird. Bei den zuvor angegebenen Konzentrationswerten ist die Merkmalsstoffsuspension für die meisten Merkmalsstoffe noch sehr dünnflüssig, nahezu wasserartig. Über die Zuführleitung 38 pumpt die Dosierpumpe 36 das Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat letztendlich aus dem Vorratsbehälter 31 in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10.The feature substances are stored as feature substance concentrate in a storage container kept available. Through a lid opening 32 Container 31 feature substances supplied in powdered form. The feeder of water takes place via a lockable supply line 33. Water and feature substances are mixed using an agitator 34, and the feature substance concentration is preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight, especially with 0.4 kg of feature substance on 11 water. The exact concentration value in the reservoir is relatively uncritical since the final one Concentration of the feature substance suspension directed from the nozzles 11 onto the paper web 2 only in the closed circuit 13 by admixing set by water. The higher the concentration in the storage container is, the larger the feature set and thus the time period until Refill the storage container. The fill level of the storage container will monitored with a level meter 35. The concentration in the reservoir However, a predetermined viscosity limit of the feature concentrate may be used not exceed, otherwise the promotion of the feature concentrate by means of the preferably designed as a diaphragm pump Metering pump 36 is affected. At the concentration values given above is the characteristic substance suspension for most characteristic substances still very thin, almost water-like. Via the feed line 38 The metering pump 36 ultimately pumps out the feature substance concentrate the reservoir 31 in the closed circuit 13 of the nozzle traverse 10th

Dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 wird darüber hinaus aufbereitetes Wasser über eine Zuführleitung 28 zugeführt. Das Wasser wird zuvor in einem beispielsweise 20 l fassenden Vakuumbehälter 21 bei einem Unterdruck von circa 0,3 bar gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck entgast, so dass sich etwaige Luftblasen, die beispielsweise mit dem Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 gelangen, in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13 auflösen können. Der Vakuumbehälter ist mit einer Vakuumpumpe 27 und einem Füllstandsmesser 25 ausgestattet, der dafür sorgt, dass der Füllstand aus Sicherheitsgründen auf etwa 90% der Kapazität gehalten wird. Eine beispielsweise als Zahnradpumpe 26 ausgeführte Zuführpumpe fördert das aufbereitete Wasser aus dem Vakuumbehälter 21 über die Zuführleitung 28 dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 zu. Die maximale Fördermenge der Zahnradpumpe 26 liegt beispielsweise bei etwa 550 l pro Stunde, was ausreichend ist, um etwa 300 Düsen gleichzeitig mit einem Durchsatz von ca. 1,7 l pro Stunde je Düse zu versorgen. Vorzugsweise ist in der Wasseraufbereitung und -zuführung 20 zusätzlich eine Wasserentkalkungseinrichtung integriert, die in der Figur jedoch nicht dargestellt ist.The closed circuit 13 is also treated water fed via a feed line 28. The water is previously in one, for example 20 l vacuum container 21 at a negative pressure of degassed about 0.3 bar compared to the ambient pressure, so that any Air bubbles, for example with the feature concentrate in the closed circuit 13 get in the feature substance suspension of can resolve closed circuit 13. The vacuum container is with a vacuum pump 27 and a level meter 25 equipped ensures that the level for safety reasons to about 90% of the Capacity is maintained. An example designed as a gear pump 26 The feed pump conveys the treated water from the vacuum container 21 via the feed line 28 to the closed circuit 13. The The maximum delivery rate of the gear pump 26 is approximately, for example 550 l per hour, which is sufficient to use about 300 nozzles at the same time a throughput of approx. 1.7 l per hour per nozzle. Preferably is in the water treatment and supply 20 an additional water decalcifying device integrated, but not shown in the figure is.

Der geschlossene Kreislauf 13 wird im Wesentlichen gebildet durch ein geschlossenes Rohrleitungssystem mit integrierter Kreiselpumpe 14 zum Umwälzen der im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 geförderten Merkmalsstoffsuspension. Dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 wird das Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat sowie das aufbereitete Wasser über die Zuführleitungen 38, 28 kurz vor der Kreiselpumpe 14 zugeführt. Die Kreiselpumpe 14 übernimmt somit die Funktion der Durchmischung des zugeführten Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats mit dem zugeführten, aufbereiteten Wasser. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass die Konzentrationsverteilung der Merkmalsstoffe in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension weitest gehend homogen ist, bevor Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteile über die Verbindungsleitungen 15 zu den Düsen 11 aus dem Kreislauf 13 abgezweigt werden. Ein Sieb 16 mit 100 µm Siebeinsatz aus Edelstahl ist kurz hinter der Kreiselpumpe vorgesehen und hält Partikel zurück, die zu einer Verstopfung der Düsen 11 führen könnten. Beispielsweise am Siebeinsatz ist ein Absperrhahn 17 zum Entlüften der Vorrichtung nach ihrem Einschalten vorgesehen.The closed circuit 13 is essentially formed by a closed one Pipe system with integrated centrifugal pump 14 for circulation the feature substance suspension promoted in the closed circuit 13. The closed circuit 13 is the feature substance concentrate as well the treated water via the supply lines 38, 28 shortly before Centrifugal pump 14 supplied. The centrifugal pump 14 thus takes over Function of the mixing of the feature substance concentrate supplied with the supplied, treated water. This ensures that the concentration distribution of the feature substances in the feature substance suspension is largely homogeneous before feature substance suspension proportions via the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 from the Circuit 13 are branched off. A sieve 16 with a 100 µm sieve insert Stainless steel is provided just behind the centrifugal pump and holds particles back, which could lead to a blockage of the nozzles 11. For example on the strainer insert is a shut-off valve 17 for venting the device provided after switching on.

Der geschlossene Kreislauf 13 besitzt zwei Regelkreise, nämlich einen Druckregelkreis und einen Dichteregelkreis.The closed circuit 13 has two control loops, namely a pressure control loop and a density control loop.

Der Druckregelkreis umfasst zwei Drucksensoren P1 und P2 an unterschiedlichen Stellen im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13, nämlich vorzugsweise einerseits an einer Stelle vor den Abzweigungen der Verbindungsleitungen 15 zu den Düsen 11 und andererseits an einer in Kreislaufströmungsrichtung nachgeordneten Stelle. Der Druck p1 kann je nach Leitungslängen und -querschnitten beispielsweise zwischen 500 und 800 mbar betragen. Abweichungen von diesem Sollwert werden gemessen und dazu verwendet, die Zahnradpumpe 26 zur Förderung des aufbereiteten Wassers so zu regeln, dass der Sollwert p1 aufrechterhalten wird. Der Druckwert p2 wird vorzugsweise hinter der Abzweigung der letzten Verbindungsleitung 15 zur letzten Düse 11 gemessen, um den Druckabfall zu ermitteln, der sich aufgrund der abgezweigten Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteile und dem Strömungswiderstand der Leitungen in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 einstellt. Dieser Druckabfall soll immer konstant sein, um sicherzustellen, dass an allen Düsen 11, unabhängig von der Anzahl der aktivierten Düsen, zu jedem Zeitpunkt in etwa dieselben Druckverhältnisse vorherrschen. Da die Druckdifferenz p2- p1 direkt abhängig ist von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13, wird der Differenzdruckmesswert p2- p1 dazu verwendet, die Fördermenge der Kreiselpumpe 14 zu überwachen.The pressure control circuit comprises two pressure sensors P 1 and P 2 at different points in the closed circuit 13, namely preferably on the one hand at a point in front of the branches of the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 and on the other hand at a point downstream in the circuit flow direction. The pressure p 1 can be, for example, between 500 and 800 mbar depending on the line lengths and cross sections. Deviations from this target value are measured and used to regulate the gear pump 26 for conveying the treated water in such a way that the target value p 1 is maintained. The pressure value p2 is preferably measured behind the branch of the last connecting line 15 to the last nozzle 11 in order to determine the pressure drop which arises on account of the branched-off feature substance suspension fractions and the flow resistance of the lines in the closed circuit 13. This pressure drop should always be constant in order to ensure that the same pressure conditions prevail at all nozzles 11, regardless of the number of activated nozzles. Since the pressure difference p 2 - p 1 is directly dependent on the flow rate of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13, the differential pressure measured value p 2 - p 1 is used to monitor the delivery rate of the centrifugal pump 14.

Der Dichteregelkreis umfasst einen Dichtesensor ρ. Der Zulauf des Dichtesensors ρ ist unmittelbar hinter dem Sieb 16 direkt an den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 angeschlossen. Der Ablauf des Dichtesensors ρ befindet sich auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite kurz vor dem Eingang der Kreiselpumpe 14. Der Druckabfall zwischen Zu- und Ablauf sorgt für eine ausreichende Durchströmung des Dichtesensors ρ, die verhindert, dass sich Ablagerungen im Dichtesensor ρ ausbilden. Mittels des Dichtesensors ρ wird die aktuelle Dichte der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 ermittelt. Sie ist ein Maß für die Konzentration an Merkmalsstoffen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13. Entsprechend der vom Dichtesensor ρ gelieferten Information über die aktuelle Dichte der Merkmalsstoffsuspension wird die Dosierpumpe 36 am Vorratsbehälter 31 geregelt, um einen vorgegebenen Sollwert der Suspensionsdichte einzustellen, der einer Konzentration eines Merkmalstoffs entspricht. Eine typische Dichteeinstellung für die Dosierung von Merkmalsstoffen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension liegt bei etwa 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.-%. The density control loop includes a density sensor ρ. The inlet of the density sensor ρ is directly behind the screen 16 directly on the closed Circuit 13 connected. The drain of the density sensor ρ is on the opposite side just before the inlet of the centrifugal pump 14. The pressure drop between the inlet and outlet ensures sufficient Flow through the density sensor ρ, which prevents deposits in the density sensor ρ. Using the density sensor ρ, the current density of the characteristic substance suspension in the closed circuit 13 determined. It is a measure of the concentration of feature substances in the characteristic substance suspension of the closed circuit 13. Correspondingly the information provided by the density sensor ρ about the current density of the The dosing pump 36 on the reservoir 31 becomes feature substance suspension regulated in order to set a predetermined nominal value of the suspension density, which corresponds to a concentration of a characteristic substance. A typical one Density setting for the dosing of feature substances in the feature substance suspension is about 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%.

Durch die vorgenannten Maßnahmen wird sichergestellt, dass an jeder Abzweigung einer Verbindungsleitung 15 nicht nur dieselbe Merkmalsstoffkonzentration in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension vorliegt sondern auch ein zeitlich konstanter, wenn auch von Verbindungsleitung zu Verbindungsleitung unterschiedlicher Verbindungsleitungseingangsdruck. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen lässt sich durch einfache konstruktive Gestaltung der Verbindungsleitungen für alle Leitungen derselbe Verbindungsleitungsaustrittsdruck einstellen, indem durch geeignete Wahl des Durchmessers und/oder vorzugsweise der Länge der Verbindungsleitungen 15 ein definierter Druckverlust in jeder Verbindungsleitung 15 erzeugt wird, so dass am Ende der Verbindungsleitungen, das heißt an den Düsen 11, jeweils derselbe Druck vorliegt. Um beispielsweise bei einem Druck p1 im Bereich von 500 bis 800 mbar und einem entsprechend geringerem Wert für p2 im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 für alle Düsen 11 denselben Düsenaustrittsdruck zu erzielen, haben sich Verbindungsleitungen 15 mit einer Länge von typischerweise einigen Dezimetern als geeignet erwiesen, wobei die Verbindungsleitungen beispielsweise aus Schläuchen mit einem Innendurchmesser von ca. 1 mm bestehen.The aforementioned measures ensure that each branch of a connecting line 15 not only has the same feature substance concentration in the feature substance suspension, but also a pressure that is constant over time, even if from connecting line to connecting line different connecting line inlet pressure. Under these conditions, the same connecting line outlet pressure can be set for all lines by a simple constructive design of the connecting lines, by a defined pressure loss being generated in each connecting line 15 by suitable choice of the diameter and / or preferably the length of the connecting lines 15, so that at the end of the connecting lines, that is, the same pressure is present at the nozzles 11. In order, for example, to achieve the same nozzle outlet pressure for all nozzles 11 at a pressure p 1 in the range from 500 to 800 mbar and a correspondingly lower value for p 2 in the closed circuit 13, connecting lines 15 with a length of typically a few decimeters have proven suitable. the connecting lines consist, for example, of hoses with an inner diameter of approximately 1 mm.

Jede Verbindungsleitung 15 besitzt einen individuellen Absperrhahn 12. Die Absperrung einzelner Absperrhähne 12 hat allerdings auf den Durchsatz und Düsenaustrittsdruck keine Auswirkungen, da der Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck mittels der zuvor beschriebenen Druckregelung unabhängig von der Anzahl aktiver Düsen in etwa konstant gehalten wird.Each connecting line 15 has an individual shut-off valve 12. Die Shutting off individual shut-off valves 12 has on the throughput and nozzle outlet pressure have no effect since the trunk inlet pressure independently by means of the pressure control described above is kept approximately constant by the number of active nozzles.

Die Absperrhähne 12 können auch durch Absperrventile ersetzt werden. Insbesondere bei häufigem oder schnellen Wechsel der erzeugten Codierungsmuster ist eine (in der Figur nicht dargestellte) elektrische oder pneumatische Ansteuerung der Absperrvorrichtungen vorteilhaft. Insgesamt können mehrere Hundert Düsen in einem Abstand von ca. 3 bis 15 mm auch versetzt nebeneinander angeordnet werden. The shut-off valves 12 can also be replaced by shut-off valves. Especially when the generated coding pattern changes frequently or quickly is an electrical or pneumatic (not shown in the figure) Control of the shut-off devices advantageous. All in all can also have several hundred nozzles at a distance of approx. 3 to 15 mm staggered.

Es sei noch erwähnt, dass die Verbindungsleitungen 15 von oben an den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 angeschlossen sind, um zu verhindern, dass größere Merkmalsstoffpartikel, die sich am Grund des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13 abgelagert haben, angesaugt werden, was zu einer Verstopfung der Bauteile, wie Absperrhähne, Düsen etc. führen könnte. Darüber hinaus ragen die Verbindungsleitungen 15 von oben etwa 10 mm in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 hinein, um zu verhindern, dass etwaige Luftblasen mit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension durch die Düsen 11 ausgetragen werden, was sich negativ auf die Qualität des erzeugten Streifenmusters auswirken würde.It should also be mentioned that the connecting lines 15 from above to the closed circuit 13 are connected to prevent larger feature substance particles that are at the bottom of the closed cycle 13 have been sucked in, leading to constipation of the Components such as stopcocks, nozzles, etc. could result. Protrude beyond the connecting lines 15 from above about 10 mm in the closed Circuit 13 in order to prevent any air bubbles with the Characteristic substance suspension are discharged through the nozzles 11, which is would adversely affect the quality of the stripe pattern generated.

Die vorbeschriebene Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn ermöglicht unterschiedlichste Liniencodierungen durch Aktivierung und Deaktivierung einzelner Düsen 11 mittels der jeweils zugeordneten Absperrhähne 12, ohne dass dies eine Auswirkung auf die im fertigen Papier letztendlich vorliegende Merkmalsstoffkonzentration der einzelnen Linien hat. Dies ist ganz wesentlich zurückzuführen auf den besonderen Druckregelkreis, bei dem der Absolutdruck im Volumen, also z.B. der Druck p1 in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 vor Abzweigung der Verbindungsleitungen 15 und der Druck p2 nach Abzweigung der Verbindungsleitungen 15 gemessen und durch Steuerung der Fördermenge der Zahnradpumpe 26 jeweils auf einem konstanten Wert gehalten werden. Die mittels diesem Druckregelkreis erzielten Vorteile werden auch dann erzielt, wenn die Merkmalsstoffsuspension nicht als laminarer Strahl mit geringem Strahldruck sondern beispielsweise mit hohem Strahldruck oder als turbulenter Strahl oder als Sprühstrahl auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn geleitet wird.The above-described device for introducing feature substances into a paper web enables a wide variety of line codes by activating and deactivating individual nozzles 11 by means of the respectively associated shut-off valves 12, without this having an effect on the feature substance concentration of the individual lines ultimately present in the finished paper. This is essentially due to the special pressure control circuit, in which the absolute pressure in the volume, for example the pressure p 1 in the closed circuit 13 before branching of the connecting lines 15 and the pressure p 2 after branching of the connecting lines 15, is measured and by controlling the delivery rate of the Gear pump 26 are each kept at a constant value. The advantages achieved by means of this pressure control loop are also achieved if the feature substance suspension is not directed onto the surface of the paper web as a laminar jet with low jet pressure, but rather, for example, with high jet pressure or as a turbulent jet or as a spray jet.

Claims (31)

Verfahren zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn (2) während des Papierherstellungsprozesses zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem der ursprünglichen Papiermasse bereits der Großteil der Flüssigkeit entzogen ist, die Papierbahn also noch feucht, aber bereits verfestigt ist, indem eine Merkmalsstoffsuspension so auf die noch feuchte Papierbahn aufgetragen wird, dass die Papierbahn keine Faserstrukturänderung erfährt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als laminarer Strahl mit geringem Strahldruck auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn geleitet wird.Method for introducing feature substances into a paper web (2) during the paper manufacturing process at a point in time at which the majority of the liquid has already been removed from the original paper mass, i.e. the paper web is still moist but already solidified, in that a suspension of feature substances is still wet on it Paper web is applied that the paper web undergoes no change in fiber structure, characterized in that the feature substance suspension is directed onto the surface of the paper web as a laminar jet with low jet pressure. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Merkmalsstoffsuspension im Wesentlichen durch in Wasser dispergierte Merkmalsstoffe gebildet wird.The method of claim 1, wherein the feature substance suspension is substantially is formed by feature substances dispersed in water. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als Merkmalsstoffe lumineszierende Pigmente enthält.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the feature substance suspension contains luminescent pigments as characteristic substances. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in einem Volumen (13) ständig umgewälzt und diesem Volumen ein Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteil abgezapft wird, welcher zum Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe in die Papierbahn (2) verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feature substance suspension in a volume (13) constantly circulated and this volume Feature substance suspension portion is tapped, which for introduction the feature substances are used in the paper web (2). Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Merkmalsstoffsuspensionanteil dem Volumen (13) von oben abgezapft wird.The method of claim 4, wherein the feature substance suspension portion the volume (13) is tapped from above. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Volumen (13) gebildet wird, indem dem Volumen ein Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat und ein Suspensionsmedium getrennt zugeführt werden.A method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the feature substance suspension in the volume (13) is formed by adding a feature substance concentrate to the volume and a suspension medium can be fed separately. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Suspensionsmedium entgast wird, bevor es dem Volumen zugeführt wird.A method according to claim 6, wherein the suspension medium is degassed, before adding it to the volume. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei zum Leiten der Merkmalsstoffsuspension auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn in Form eines laminaren Strahls eine Vollstrahl- oder Flachstrahldüse (11) verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein for directing the Characteristic substance suspension on the surface of the paper web in the form of a laminar jet, a full jet or flat jet nozzle (11) is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Merkmalsstoffkonzentration in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension so gering eingestellt wird, dass das Vorhandensein der Merkmalsstoffe in der fertigen Papierbahn mit bloßem Auge nicht erkennbar ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feature substance concentration is set so low in the feature substance suspension that the presence of the feature substances in the finished paper web with is not visible to the naked eye. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei der laminare Strahl unmittelbar nach der Blattbildung und Abnahme der noch weichen Papierbahn von einem Papierbildungssieb (1) auf die Papierbahn (2) geleitet wird.A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the laminar jet immediately after the sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web is passed from a paper forming screen (1) onto the paper web (2). Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei dem laminaren Strahl eine Saugeinrichtung (3) auf der dem laminaren Strahl gegenüberliegenden Seite der Papierbahn in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordnet wird, um das Suspensionsmedium durch die Papierbahn (2) hindurch abzusaugen.The method of claim 10, wherein the laminar jet is suction means (3) on the side of the paper web opposite the laminar jet is subordinated in the paper web transport direction to the suspension medium suction through the paper web (2). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei mehrere separate Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsstrahlen mit gleichem Strahldruck zur Herstellung einer Mehrfachnutzenbahn auf die Papierbahn (2) geleitet werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a plurality of separate Feature substance suspension blasting with the same blasting pressure for production a multiple-use web on the paper web (2). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei der Strahldruck im Bereich von 30 mbar bis 200 mbar liegt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the jet pressure in the Range is from 30 mbar to 200 mbar. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei der Strahldruck im Bereich von 50 mbar bis 100 mbar liegt.The method of claim 13, wherein the jet pressure is in the range of 50 mbar to 100 mbar. Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn (2) an einer Stelle einer Papiermaschine, an der ein Großteil der Flüssigkeit der ursprünglichen Papiermasse bereits entzogen ist, die Papierbahn also noch feucht, aber bereits verfestigt ist, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst: ein Volumen (13) zur Aufnahme einer Merkmalsstoffsuspension, eine oder mehrere mit dem Volumen (13) in Verbindung stehende Düsen (11), und eine Einrichtung (P1, P2, 26) zum Steuern eines Druckes, mit dem ein dem Volumen (13) entzogener Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteil durch die Düsen (11) auf die Papierbahn (2) geleitet wird, wobei die Drucksteuerungseinrichtung (P1, P2, 26) und die Düsen (11) so ausgebildet und aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass der Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteil als ein laminarer, mit geringem Druck aus den Düsen (11) austretender Strahl einstellbar ist.Device for introducing feature substances into a paper web (2) at a point on a paper machine at which a large part of the liquid has already been removed from the original paper mass, that is to say the paper web is still moist but has already solidified, the device comprising: a volume (13) for receiving a characteristic substance suspension, one or more nozzles (11) connected to the volume (13), and a device (P 1 , P 2 , 26) for controlling a pressure with which a portion of the feature substance suspension extracted from the volume (13) is passed through the nozzles (11) onto the paper web (2), the pressure control device (P 1 , P 2 , 26) and the nozzles (11) being designed and coordinated with one another in such a way that the proportion of feature substance suspension can be set as a laminar jet which emerges from the nozzles (11) at low pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Drucksteuereinrichtung mindestens eine Druckmesseinrichtung (P1, P2) und eine Einrichtung (26) zum Erhöhen des Druckes in dem Volumen aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the pressure control device comprises at least one pressure measuring device (P 1 , P 2 ) and a device (26) for increasing the pressure in the volume. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, wobei der Strahldruck am Düseneintritt im Bereich von 30 mbar bis 200 mbar liegt.Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the jet pressure enters the nozzle is in the range from 30 mbar to 200 mbar. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei der Strahldruck am Düseneintritt im Bereich von 50 mbar bis 100 mbar liegt.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the jet pressure is at the nozzle entrance is in the range from 50 mbar to 100 mbar. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18 umfassend eine Einrichtung (14) zum Fördern der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Volumen (13).Device according to one of claims 15 to 18 comprising a device (14) for conveying the feature substance suspension in the volume (13). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, wobei das Volumen (13) einen geschlossenen Kreislauf bildet.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the volume (13) is closed Cycle forms. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, wobei Leitungen (15) zum Verbinden der Düsen (11) mit dem Volumen (13) in Förderrichtung der Merkmalsstoffsuspension nacheinander angeordnet sind und wobei die Einrichtung zum Steuern des Drucks einen ersten Drucksensor (P1) in Förderrichtung vor den Verbindungsleitungen (15) und einen zweiten Drucksensor (P2) in Förderrichtung hinter den Verbindungsleitungen (15) aufweist, um anhand der gemessenen Druckwerte in dem Volumen (13) einen Solldruck einzustellen und einen Solldruckverlust zu überwachen.Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, wherein lines (15) for connecting the nozzles (11) to the volume (13) are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction of the feature substance suspension and wherein the device for controlling the pressure has a first pressure sensor (P 1 ) in the conveying direction the connecting lines (15) and a second pressure sensor (P 2 ) in the conveying direction behind the connecting lines (15) in order to set a target pressure and monitor a target pressure loss on the basis of the measured pressure values in the volume (13). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, wobei zumindest einige der Verbindungsleitungen (15) bei gleichem Durchflussvolumen einen unterschiedlichen Druckverlust bewirken, derart, dass sie trotz eines unterschiedlichen Eingangsdrucks des durch sie hindurchgeleiteten Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteils in etwa denselben Ausgangsdruck verursachen.22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein at least some of the connection lines (15) a different one for the same flow volume Pressure loss cause such that despite a different Input pressure of the feature substance suspension portion passed through it cause approximately the same outlet pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 22, wobei ein unterschiedlicher Druckverlust in den Verbindungsleitungen (15) durch unterschiedliche Längen und/oder Durchmesser der Verbindungsleitungen bewirkt wird.23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein a different pressure drop in the connecting lines (15) by different lengths and / or Diameter of the connecting lines is effected. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 23, wobei Leitungen (15) zum Verbinden der Düsen (11) mit dem Volumen (13) von oben an das Volumen (13) angeschlossen sind.Device according to one of claims 15 to 23, wherein lines (15) to connect the nozzles (11) with the volume (13) from above to the Volume (13) are connected. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 24, umfassend Zuführleitungen (38, 28) zum getrennten Zuführen einerseits eines Merkmalstoffkonzentrats und andererseits eines Suspensionsmediums in das Volumen (13).Device according to one of claims 15 to 24, comprising feed lines (38, 28) for separately feeding a feature substance concentrate on the one hand and on the other hand a suspension medium in the volume (13). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 25, umfassend eine Entgasungseinrichtung (31 bis 34) zum Entgasen des Suspensionsmediums, bevor es dem Volumen (13) zugeführt wird.Apparatus according to claim 25, comprising a degassing device (31 to 34) for degassing the suspension medium before it volume (13) is supplied. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 26, wobei die Düsen (11) als Vollstrahl- oder Flachstrahldüsen ausgebildet sind. Device according to one of claims 15 to 26, wherein the nozzles (11) are designed as full jet or flat jet nozzles. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Leitungen (15) Absperrvorrichtungen (12) vorgesehen sind.Device according to one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that shut-off devices (12) are provided in the lines (15). Papiermaschine zur Herstellung einer Papierbahn (2) aus einer faserbreiartigen Papiermasse, umfassend eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 28.Paper machine for producing a paper web (2) from a pulp-like Paper pulp comprising a device according to one of the claims 15 to 28. Papiermaschine nach Anspruch 29, wobei die Düsen (11) in Papierbahntransportrichtung hinter einem Papierbildungssieb (1) auf die Papierbahn (2) gerichtet sind.Paper machine according to claim 29, wherein the nozzles (11) in the paper web transport direction behind a paper forming screen (1) onto the paper web (2) are directed. Papiermaschine nach Anspruch 29 oder 30, wobei den Düsen (11) auf der den Düsen (11) gegenüberliegenden Seite der Papierbahn (2) eine Saugeinrichtung (3) in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordnet ist, um das Suspensionsmedium durch die Papierbahn (2) hindurch abzusaugen.Paper machine according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the nozzle (11) on the a suction device opposite the side of the paper web (2) opposite the nozzles (11) (3) in the paper web transport direction is subordinate to the suspension medium suction through the paper web (2).
EP02007221A 2001-04-27 2002-03-27 Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web Expired - Lifetime EP1253241B1 (en)

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DE10120818A DE10120818A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2001-04-27 Method and device for introducing feature substances into a paper web
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EP1253241B1 (en) 2011-07-27
EP1253241A3 (en) 2004-02-04
US20020166647A1 (en) 2002-11-14
ATE518032T1 (en) 2011-08-15
US7175739B2 (en) 2007-02-13
US6936138B2 (en) 2005-08-30
ES2369753T3 (en) 2011-12-05
US20050230071A1 (en) 2005-10-20
DE10120818A1 (en) 2002-10-31

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