EP1210512B1 - Injector - Google Patents

Injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1210512B1
EP1210512B1 EP00958238A EP00958238A EP1210512B1 EP 1210512 B1 EP1210512 B1 EP 1210512B1 EP 00958238 A EP00958238 A EP 00958238A EP 00958238 A EP00958238 A EP 00958238A EP 1210512 B1 EP1210512 B1 EP 1210512B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve body
control
section
injector
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00958238A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1210512A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1210512A1 publication Critical patent/EP1210512A1/en
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Publication of EP1210512B1 publication Critical patent/EP1210512B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F02M63/0042Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing combined with valve seats of the lift valve type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an injector for control an injection process of fuel into a combustion chamber an internal combustion engine corresponding to the genus of Claim 1.
  • injectors are used in particular for Injection systems used in which a pressure generator a pressure accumulator with pressure medium under high pressure supplied, with several injectors to the pressure accumulator are connected.
  • Such systems are also called common rail injection systems designated.
  • This injector has a closing element that, among other things, of a hydraulic pressure force of an actuator is acted upon.
  • the actuator consists of a piezoelectric actuator and one of these actuated valve body. This is for controlling Pressure medium connections between a low pressure and a High-pressure pressure medium channel slidable in one Control bore performed.
  • the valve body thus determines the hydraulic component of a pressure force with which the Locking element of the injector in its closed position is held. The actuator is in this closed position electrically controlled.
  • valve body In the non-activated state, the valve body opens the Pressure medium connection to the low pressure leading Pressure medium channel, which makes the closing element hydraulic is relieved and a lifting movement against the force of Compression spring executes.
  • the closing member gives openings free through the fuel in the combustion chamber one Internal combustion engine can inject.
  • the actuator has two each other opposite control cross-sections so that with a single stroke of the valve body Pre-injection and a main injection can be controlled. Together with the valve body, these two form Control cross sections two in the direction of movement Valve body seat valves one behind the other.
  • Double seat valve the tightness of the valve seats only then is given when the valve body is guided particularly precisely aligned. This increases the cost of manufacturing the Individual parts.
  • an injector with the characteristic Features of claim 1 the advantage that he with a Valve body is equipped because of less Precision requirements can be manufactured more cheaply.
  • a throttle gap for example, by Pairing of individual parts in assembly in defined Limits is durable. So that the pressure medium flow to the adapted to the respective conditions of use of the injection system without providing separate chokes. the Valve body comes alongside its control and its Leadership function thus also a throttle function. This will reduce the number of parts used and the Assembly effort of the injector reduced.
  • the valve body is in to control the main injection an intermediate position, in which both Tax cross sections are open.
  • this intermediate position the wall of the hydraulic part is shaped such that the valve body has no significant throttling effect.
  • the Pressure medium flow in the combustion chamber is therefore almost unthrottled and thus insensitive to Influences of temperature or pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is with the item number 10 Injection system, which consists essentially of a Feed pump 12, a pressure accumulator 14, one Pressure control valve 16 and the fuel in one does not Shown combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine injecting injector 18.
  • the feed pump 12 supplies the pressure accumulator 14 with fuel High pressure, the pressure control valve 16 with a pressure sensor 20 and an electrical Control device 22 cooperates.
  • the pressure accumulator 12 is under high pressure via pressure medium leading inlet channels 24 with several injectors 18 hydraulically connected.
  • injectors 18 hydraulically connected.
  • FIG. 1 there is only one example of these injectors 18 shown.
  • the latter has a housing 26, in the interior 28 of a closing member 30 movable is led. This is in the form of a valve needle executed by a compression spring 32 in the direction of shown closed position is acted upon.
  • the one prestressed compression spring 32 is supported a plate 34 formed at the end of the closing member 30 and on the wall of the plate opposite the plate 34 Interior 28 from.
  • a coaxial acts on the plate 34 in addition to the compression spring 32 to the locking member 30 arranged plunger 36. This is with its cylindrical shaft 38 in a pressure medium acted upon guide bore 40 of the housing 26 out.
  • a throttle 58 is installed. About that an opening 42 also opens into the guide bore 40 a, which leads to a control channel 44 of the injector 24.
  • the Control channel 44 is located above an unpressurized drain channel 46 with a fuel tank 48 in connection.
  • the mouth cross section of the opening 42 in the Control channel 44 is designed as a valve seat 50. This closes a and guided in the control channel 44 Valve body 54 acted upon by an actuator 52.
  • an actuator 52 is preferably one of control device 22 electrically controllable piezo used.
  • the described injection system 10 works as follows:
  • valve body 54 in the position shown and closes the valve seat 50.
  • This is the Pressure medium connection between the high pressure Interior 28 of the injector 18 and the Fuel tank 48 interrupted.
  • the thereby on the End face of the plunger 36 acting compressive force supports the compression spring 32 and holds the closing member 30 closed.
  • Through the openings 31 of the housing 26 can thereby no fuel to the combustion chamber of the shown internal combustion engine.
  • valve body 54 opens the above Pressure medium connection between the high pressure and the Low pressure leading areas of the injector 18, whereby the control channel 44 is relieved of pressure and thus the Pressure force on the plunger 36 is eliminated.
  • the closing member 30 moves from its closed position to its Open position and there are the openings 31 of the housing 26 free. An injection process of fuel can thus respectively.
  • the injector 18 closes again.
  • throttle 58 can be the pressure ratio in the high pressure leading area of the Injector 18 and thus the injected per unit of time Determine fuel quantity.
  • valve body 54 in FIG. 1 is only one single valve seat 50 controls are from the entrance recognized state of the art facilities already known where two valve seats in the direction of actuation Valve body 54 are arranged one behind the other. So that will achieved that with a single stroke of the Valve body 54 two successive injections can be generated. This allows shorter switching times of the Injector 18 with a simultaneously reduced drive frequency of the actuator 52. This reduces that of the actuator 52 generated and its operational safety impairing Waste heat.
  • two have coaxial to each other Valve seats have the disadvantage that the tightness of this Valve seats 50 is only given when the leadership of the Valve body 54 is precisely aligned with the valve seats 50. This requires a high level of manufacturing technology leads to an increase in price of the injector 18.
  • FIG. 2 only the structurally modified area of the injector 18 shown. This section corresponds to that in FIG. 1 detail marked with X.
  • the valve body 54 consists of a cylindrical valve stem 60, which on its one End is connected to a thickened control head 62.
  • the latter has a conical section 62a on which a cylindrical section 62b adjoins. This goes into an outwardly bulging section 62c, which the forms the front end of the control head 62.
  • On the Valve stem 60 is on the control head 62 opposite end of the valve body 54 is a sleeve 64 pressed with an annular circumferential support collar 66. Between the support collar 66 and a shoulder of the housing 26 the compression spring 32 is clamped.
  • the valve body 54 is in a multiple offset Control channel 44 guided. This is divided into one matched to the diameter of the valve stem 60 Guide section 44a, a first extension 44b, with the valve stem 60 forms an annular space in which the Drain channel 46 opens, a second extension 44c, in the control head 62 of the valve body 54 axially is arranged displaceably and in a constriction 44d, that compared to the extension 44c in diameter withdrawn at right angles.
  • the transition from the first Extension 44b to the second extension 44c is a chamfer formed, which acts as a valve seat 50.
  • first control cross section 68 is from controlled conical section 62a of the valve body 54, while the neck 44d has a second control cross section 70 forms the open in the position shown in Figure 2 is.
  • This second control cross section 70 has a diameter thus on the cylindrical portion 62b of the valve body 54 matched that in the maximum deflected state of the Valve body 54 between the two components Defined throttle gap 72 arises.
  • the latter is for example, by pairing the components in the Assembly of the injector 18 can be fixed to the Determine pressure medium flow to the drain channel 46.
  • the second Extension 44c of the control channel 44 is radial and axial dimension designed so that the valve body can be brought into an intermediate position by the actuator 52, in the two control sections 68 and 70 opened at the same time are and the control head 62 no significant throttling Has an effect.
  • the constriction 44d opens out from the valve body 54 end facing away from the pressure medium connection 56. As already explained, this represents a hydraulic one Coupling of the control channel 44 with the interior 28 of the Injector 18 ago. Located in the pressure medium connection 56 throttle 58.
  • the plunger 36 is only a portion of the shaft 38 in FIG. 2 recognizable. This is displaceable in the guide bore 40 out into which the inlet channel 24 opens radially.
  • valve body 54 In the basic position according to FIG. 2, the Valve body 54 the first control channel 68 and interrupts so that a pressure medium connection from the inlet channel 24 to Drainage channel 46. This results in the guide bore 40 the high pressure of the inlet channel 24. This acts on the Tappet 36 and thus holds the closing member 30 of the Injector 18 closed. Actuation of the actuator 52 forces the valve body 54 to a stroke movement, in the Final stage of the cylindrical portion 62b of the control head 62 at least in sections in the constriction 44d limited second control cross section 70 immersed. Before however, if this happens, there is a short-term Pressure medium connection between the inlet channel 24 and the Drain channel 46, during which the plunger 36 relieves pressure is. This opens the control member 30 in the injector 18 and enables a so-called pre-injection of fuel.
  • valve body 54 With a gradual withdrawal of the control of the actuator 52, the valve body 54 can be in an intermediate position in which both tax cross-sections 68 and 70 are open and the main injection expires.
  • the pestle 36 is depressurized during this.
  • the per Unit of time injected amount of fuel is from the throttle 58 determined.
  • Valve seat 50 After the full withdrawal of the Control of the actuator 52 closes the control head 62 Valve seat 50 and interrupts the pressure medium connection between the inlet channel 24 and the outlet channel 46.
  • Der sich in the guide bore 40 now builds up pressure Tappet 36 and thus the closing member 30, which then in its closed position returns. With one The stroke movement of the actuator 52 can thus be two in time control separate injection processes without the valve body 54 high demands with respect to precise alignment of the guide of the valve body 54 with the Control cross sections 68 and 70 must meet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a injector (18), especially for controlling the injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The injector has a closing member (30) which is subjected to the hydraulic action of an actuating device (44, 52, 54). Said actuating device has a valve body (54) which is movably guided in a control channel (44) and which is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator (52). The valve body interacts with two control cross-sections (68, 70) located one behind the other, in order to control the pressure means connections between a high pressure supply channel (24) and a discharge channel (46). The first control cross-section (68) in the direction of actuation of the valve body (54) therefor forms a seat valve (51) with said valve body (54) and the second control cross-section (70) in the direction of actuation forms a sliding valve (71). A throttle gap (72) also forms between the valve body (54) and the wall of the second control cross-section (70) when said valve body is extended out to the maximum. This throttle gap determines the pressure ratios in the injector (18) and therefor the injection quantity per time unit.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Injektor zur Steuerung eines Einspritzvorgangs von Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors entsprechend der Gattung des Anspruchs 1. Derartige Injektoren werden insbesondere für Einspritzssysteme verwendet, bei denen ein Druckerzeuger einen Druckspeicher mit Druckmittel unter Hochdruck versorgt, wobei an den Druckspeicher mehrere Injektoren angeschlossen sind. Solche Systeme werden auch als Common-Rail-Einspritzsysteme bezeichnet.The invention is based on an injector for control an injection process of fuel into a combustion chamber an internal combustion engine corresponding to the genus of Claim 1. Such injectors are used in particular for Injection systems used in which a pressure generator a pressure accumulator with pressure medium under high pressure supplied, with several injectors to the pressure accumulator are connected. Such systems are also called common rail injection systems designated.

Aus der DE 196 24 001 A1 ist ein Injektor mit den gattungsbildenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bereits bekannt. Dieser Injektor verfügt über ein Schließglied, das u.a. von einer hydraulischen Druckkraft einer Betätigungseinrichtung beaufschlagt ist. Die Betätigungseinrichtung besteht aus einem piezoelektrischen Aktor und einem von diesem betätigten Ventilkörper. Dieser ist zur Steuerung von Druckmittelverbindungen zwischen einem Niederdruck und einem Hochdruck führenden Druckmittelkanal verschiebbar in einer Steuerbohrung geführt. Damit bestimmt der Ventilkörper den hydraulischen Anteil einer Druckkraft, mit der das Schließglied des Injektors in seiner Schließstellung gehalten ist. Während dieser Schließstellung ist der Aktor elektrisch angesteuert.From DE 196 24 001 A1 an injector with the Generic features of claim 1 already known. This injector has a closing element that, among other things, of a hydraulic pressure force of an actuator is acted upon. The actuator consists of a piezoelectric actuator and one of these actuated valve body. This is for controlling Pressure medium connections between a low pressure and a High-pressure pressure medium channel slidable in one Control bore performed. The valve body thus determines the hydraulic component of a pressure force with which the Locking element of the injector in its closed position is held. The actuator is in this closed position electrically controlled.

Im nicht angesteuerten Zustand öffnet der Ventilkörper die Druckmittelverbindung zum Niederdruck führenden Druckmittelkanal, wodurch das Schließglied hydraulisch entlastet wird und eine Hubbewegung entgegen der Kraft der Druckfeder ausführt. Dabei gibt das Schließglied Öffnungen frei, durch die Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors einspritzen kann.In the non-activated state, the valve body opens the Pressure medium connection to the low pressure leading Pressure medium channel, which makes the closing element hydraulic is relieved and a lifting movement against the force of Compression spring executes. The closing member gives openings free through the fuel in the combustion chamber one Internal combustion engine can inject.

Die Betätigungseinrichtung weist zwei einander gegenüberliegende Steuerquerschnitte auf, so daß sich mit einer einzelnen Hubbewegung des Ventilkörpers eine Voreinspritzung und eine Haupteinspritzung steuern läßt. Zusammen mit dem Ventilkörper bilden diese beiden Steuerquerschnitte zwei in Bewegungsrichtung des Ventilkörpers hintereinander liegende Sitzventile. Von Nachteil dabei ist, daß bei einem derartigen Doppelsitzventil die Dichtheit der Ventilsitze nur dann gegeben ist, wenn die Führung des Ventilkörpers besonders präzise dazu fluchtet. Dies verteuert die Herstellung der Einzelteile.The actuator has two each other opposite control cross-sections so that with a single stroke of the valve body Pre-injection and a main injection can be controlled. Together with the valve body, these two form Control cross sections two in the direction of movement Valve body seat valves one behind the other. Of The disadvantage is that with such Double seat valve the tightness of the valve seats only then is given when the valve body is guided particularly precisely aligned. This increases the cost of manufacturing the Individual parts.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Demgegenüber weist ein Injektor mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 den Vorteil auf, daß er mit einem Ventilkörper ausgestattet ist, der aufgrund geringerer Präzisionsanforderungen preisgünstiger herstellbar ist. Ferner besteht zwischen dem Ventilkörper und dem in Betätigungsrichtung des Ventilkörpers zweiten Steuerquerschnitt ein Drosselspalt, der beispielsweise durch Paarung der Einzelteile in der Montage in definierten Grenzen haltbar ist. Damit kann der Druckmittelfluß an die jeweiligen Einsatzbedingungen des Einspritzsystems angepaßt werden, ohne dafür separate Drosseln vorzusehen. Dem Ventilkörper kommt neben seiner Steuer- und seiner Führungsfunktion somit zusätzlich eine Drosselfunktion zu. Dadurch wird die Anzahl der verwendeten Einzelteile und der Montageaufwand des Injektors reduziert.In contrast, an injector with the characteristic Features of claim 1 the advantage that he with a Valve body is equipped because of less Precision requirements can be manufactured more cheaply. There is also between the valve body and the in Actuating direction of the valve body second Control cross section a throttle gap, for example, by Pairing of individual parts in assembly in defined Limits is durable. So that the pressure medium flow to the adapted to the respective conditions of use of the injection system without providing separate chokes. the Valve body comes alongside its control and its Leadership function thus also a throttle function. This will reduce the number of parts used and the Assembly effort of the injector reduced.

Zur Steuerung der Haupteinspritzung ist der Ventilkörper in eine Zwischenstellung verbringbar, in der beide Steuerquerschnitte geöffnet sind. In dieser Zwischenstellung ist die Wandung des Hydraulikteils derart ausgeformt, daß der Ventilkörper keine nennenswerte Drosselwirkung hat. Der Druckmittelfluß in den Brennraum erfolgt demnach nahezu ungedrosselt und verhält sich damit unempfindlich gegenüber Temperatur- oder Druckeinflüssen.The valve body is in to control the main injection an intermediate position, in which both Tax cross sections are open. In this intermediate position the wall of the hydraulic part is shaped such that the valve body has no significant throttling effect. The Pressure medium flow in the combustion chamber is therefore almost unthrottled and thus insensitive to Influences of temperature or pressure.

Weitere Vorteile oder vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.Further advantages or advantageous developments of Invention result from the dependent claims and the following description.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.

Die Figur 1
zeigt ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes Einspritzsystem, mit einem ebenso bekannten Injektor zur Steuerung des Einspritzvorgangs im Längsschnitt.
In der Figur 2
ist ein Detail X nach Figur 1 vergrößert in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung dargestellt.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
Figure 1
shows an injection system known from the prior art, with an equally known injector for controlling the injection process in longitudinal section.
In FIG. 2
is a detail X of Figure 1 shown enlarged in the inventive design.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Figur 1 ist mit der Positionsnummer 10 ein Einspritzsystem bezeichnet, das im wesentlichen aus einer Förderpumpe 12, einem Druckspeicher 14, einem Drucksteuerventil 16 und einem den Kraftstoff in einen nicht dargestellten Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors einspritzenden Injektor 18 besteht. Die Förderpumpe 12 versorgt den Druckspeicher 14 mit Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck, wobei zur Druckregelung das Drucksteuerventil 16 mit einem Drucksensor 20 und einer elektrischen Steuereinrichtung 22 zusammenwirkt.In Figure 1 is with the item number 10 Injection system, which consists essentially of a Feed pump 12, a pressure accumulator 14, one Pressure control valve 16 and the fuel in one does not Shown combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine injecting injector 18. The feed pump 12 supplies the pressure accumulator 14 with fuel High pressure, the pressure control valve 16 with a pressure sensor 20 and an electrical Control device 22 cooperates.

Der Druckspeicher 12 ist über Druckmittel unter Hochdruck führende Zulaufkanäle 24 mit mehreren Injektoren 18 hydraulisch verbunden. In Figur 1 ist beispielhaft nur einer dieser Injektoren 18 dargestellt. Letzterer hat ein Gehäuse 26, in dessen Innenraum 28 ein Schließglied 30 beweglich geführt ist. Dieses ist in Form einer Ventilnadel ausgeführt, die von einer Druckfeder 32 in Richtung der dargestellten Schließstellung beaufschlagt ist. Die dazu unter Vorspannung stehende Druckfeder 32 stützt sich an einem, am Ende des Schließglieds 30 ausgebildeten Teller 34 und an der dem Teller 34 gegenüberliegenden Wandung des Innenraums 28 ab.The pressure accumulator 12 is under high pressure via pressure medium leading inlet channels 24 with several injectors 18 hydraulically connected. In FIG. 1 there is only one example of these injectors 18 shown. The latter has a housing 26, in the interior 28 of a closing member 30 movable is led. This is in the form of a valve needle executed by a compression spring 32 in the direction of shown closed position is acted upon. The one prestressed compression spring 32 is supported a plate 34 formed at the end of the closing member 30 and on the wall of the plate opposite the plate 34 Interior 28 from.

Auf den Teller 34 wirkt neben der Druckfeder 32 ein koaxial zum Schließglied 30 angeordneter Stößel 36 ein. Dieser ist mit seinem zylindrischen Schaft 38 in einer Druckmittel beaufschlagten Führungsbohrung 40 des Gehäuses 26 geführt. A coaxial acts on the plate 34 in addition to the compression spring 32 to the locking member 30 arranged plunger 36. This is with its cylindrical shaft 38 in a pressure medium acted upon guide bore 40 of the housing 26 out.

Diese ist oberhalb des Endes des Stößels 36 durch eine Druckmittelverbindung 56 mit dem Innenraum 28 des Injektors 24 gekoppelt, wobei kurz vor deren Eintritt in die Führungsbohrung 40 eine Drossel 58 eingebaut ist. Darüber hinaus mündet in die Führungsbohrung 40 ein Durchbruch 42 ein, der zu einem Steuerkanal 44 des Injektors 24 führt. Der Steuerkanal 44 steht über einen drucklosen Ablaufkanal 46 mit einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 48 in Verbindung.This is above the end of the plunger 36 by a Pressure medium connection 56 with the interior 28 of the injector 24 coupled, shortly before their entry into the Guide bore 40, a throttle 58 is installed. About that an opening 42 also opens into the guide bore 40 a, which leads to a control channel 44 of the injector 24. The Control channel 44 is located above an unpressurized drain channel 46 with a fuel tank 48 in connection.

Der Mündungsquerschnitt des Durchbruchs 42 in den Steuerkanal 44 ist als Ventilsitz 50 ausgebildet. Diesen verschließt ein im Steuerkanal 44 beweglich geführter und von einem Aktor 52 beaufschlagter Ventilkörper 54. Als Aktor 52 ist vorzugsweise ein von der Steuereinrichtung 22 elektrisch ansteuerbarer Piezo eingesetzt.The mouth cross section of the opening 42 in the Control channel 44 is designed as a valve seat 50. this closes a and guided in the control channel 44 Valve body 54 acted upon by an actuator 52. As an actuator 52 is preferably one of control device 22 electrically controllable piezo used.

Das beschriebene Einspritzsystem 10 arbeitet wie folgt:The described injection system 10 works as follows:

Solange der Aktor 52 elektrisch angesteuert ist, befindet sich der Ventilkörper 54 in der dargestellten Stellung und verschließt den Ventilsitz 50. Damit ist die Druckmittelverbindung zwischen dem unter Hochdruck stehenden Innenraum 28 des Injektors 18 und dem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 48 unterbrochen. Die dabei auf die Stirnfläche des Stößels 36 einwirkende Druckkraft unterstützt die Druckfeder 32 und hält das Schließglied 30 geschlossen. Durch die Öffnungen 31 des Gehäuses 26 kann dadurch kein Kraftstoff zum Brennraum des nicht dargestellten Verbrennungsmotors gelangen.As long as the actuator 52 is electrically controlled the valve body 54 in the position shown and closes the valve seat 50. This is the Pressure medium connection between the high pressure Interior 28 of the injector 18 and the Fuel tank 48 interrupted. The thereby on the End face of the plunger 36 acting compressive force supports the compression spring 32 and holds the closing member 30 closed. Through the openings 31 of the housing 26 can thereby no fuel to the combustion chamber of the shown internal combustion engine.

Mit dem Wegfall der elektrischen Ansteuerung des Aktors 52 öffnet der Ventilkörper 54 die oben genannten Druckmittelverbindung zwischen den Hochdruck und den Niederdruck führenden Bereichen des Injektors 18, wodurch der Steuerkanal 44 druckentlastet wird und damit die Druckkraft auf den Stößel 36 entfällt. Das Schließglied 30 bewegt sich aus seiner Schließstellung in seine Offenstellung und gibt dabei die Öffnungen 31 des Gehäuses 26 frei. Ein Einspritzvorgang von Kraftstoff kann somit erfolgen. Durch eine erneute Ansteuerung des Aktors 52 schließt der Injektor 18 wieder. Mit der in der Druckmittelverbindung 56 angeordneten Drossel 58 läßt sich das Druckverhältnis im Hochdruck führenden Bereich des Injektors 18 und damit die pro Zeiteinheit eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge bestimmten.With the elimination of the electrical control of the actuator 52 valve body 54 opens the above Pressure medium connection between the high pressure and the Low pressure leading areas of the injector 18, whereby the control channel 44 is relieved of pressure and thus the Pressure force on the plunger 36 is eliminated. The closing member 30 moves from its closed position to its Open position and there are the openings 31 of the housing 26 free. An injection process of fuel can thus respectively. By actuating the actuator 52 again the injector 18 closes again. With the in the Pressure medium connection 56 arranged throttle 58 can be the pressure ratio in the high pressure leading area of the Injector 18 and thus the injected per unit of time Determine fuel quantity.

Obwohl in Figur 1 der Ventilkörper 54 lediglich einen einzigen Ventilsitz 50 steuert, sind aus dem eingangs gewürdigten Stand der Technik bereits Einrichtungen bekannt, bei denen zwei Ventilsitze in Betätigungsrichtung des Ventilkörpers 54 hintereinander angeordnet sind. Damit wird erreicht, daß mit einer einzigen Hubbewegung des Ventilkörpers 54 zwei aufeinanderfolgende Einspritzvorgänge erzeugt werden können. Dies erlaubt kürzere Schaltzeiten des Injektors 18 bei gleichzeitig reduzierter Ansteuerfrequenz des Aktors 52. Damit reduziert sich die vom Aktor 52 erzeugte und dessen Betriebssicherheit beeinträchtigende Verlustwärme. Allerdings haben zwei zueinander koaxiale Ventilsitze den Nachteil, daß die Dichtheit dieser Ventilsitze 50 nur dann gegeben ist, wenn die Führung des Ventilkörpers 54 präzise mit den Ventilsitzen 50 fluchtet. Dieses bedingt einen fertigungstechnisch hohen Aufwand, der zu einer Verteuerung des Injektors 18 führt.Although the valve body 54 in FIG. 1 is only one single valve seat 50 controls are from the entrance recognized state of the art facilities already known where two valve seats in the direction of actuation Valve body 54 are arranged one behind the other. So that will achieved that with a single stroke of the Valve body 54 two successive injections can be generated. This allows shorter switching times of the Injector 18 with a simultaneously reduced drive frequency of the actuator 52. This reduces that of the actuator 52 generated and its operational safety impairing Waste heat. However, two have coaxial to each other Valve seats have the disadvantage that the tightness of this Valve seats 50 is only given when the leadership of the Valve body 54 is precisely aligned with the valve seats 50. This requires a high level of manufacturing technology leads to an increase in price of the injector 18.

Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils wird die in Figur 2 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Injektors 18 vorgeschlagen. Der Einfachheit halber ist in Figur 2 lediglich der konstruktiv veränderte Bereich des Injektors 18 dargestellt. Dieser Ausschnitt entspricht dem in Figur 1 mit X bezeichneten Detail. To avoid this disadvantage, the one shown in FIG illustrated inventive design of the injector 18th proposed. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 2 only the structurally modified area of the injector 18 shown. This section corresponds to that in FIG. 1 detail marked with X.

Beim Erfindungsgegenstand besteht der Ventilkörper 54 aus einem zylindrischen Ventilschaft 60, der an seinem einen Ende mit einem verdickten Steuerkopf 62 verbunden ist. Letzerer weist einen kegelförmigen Abschnitt 62a auf, an dem sich ein zylindrischer Abschnitt 62b anschließt. Dieser geht in einen nach außen gewölbten Abschnitt 62c über, der das stirnseitige Ende des Steuerkopfs 62 bildet. Auf den Ventilschaft 60 ist an dem, dem Steuerkopf 62 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Ventilkörpers 54 eine Hülse 64 mit einem ringförmig umlaufenden Stützbund 66 aufgepreßt. Zwischen dem Stützbund 66 und einer Schulter des Gehäuses 26 ist die Druckfeder 32 eingespannt.In the subject matter of the invention, the valve body 54 consists of a cylindrical valve stem 60, which on its one End is connected to a thickened control head 62. The latter has a conical section 62a on which a cylindrical section 62b adjoins. This goes into an outwardly bulging section 62c, which the forms the front end of the control head 62. On the Valve stem 60 is on the control head 62 opposite end of the valve body 54 is a sleeve 64 pressed with an annular circumferential support collar 66. Between the support collar 66 and a shoulder of the housing 26 the compression spring 32 is clamped.

Der Ventilkörper 54 ist in einem mehrfach abgesetzten Steuerkanal 44 verschiebbar geführt. Dieser gliedert sich in einen auf den Durchmesser des Ventilschafts 60 abgestimmten Führungsabschnitt 44a, eine erste Erweiterung 44b, die mit dem Ventilschaft 60 einen Ringraum ausbildet, in den der Ablaufkanal 46 einmündet, eine zweite Erweiterung 44c, in der der Steuerkopf 62 des Ventilkörpers 54 axial verschiebbar angeordnet ist und in eine Einschnürung 44d, die gegenüber der Erweiterung 44c im Durchmesser rechtwinklig zurückgenommen ist. Der Übergang von der ersten Erweiterung 44b zur zweiten Erweiterung 44c ist als Fase ausgebildet, die als Ventilsitz 50 wirkt. Ein vom Ventilsitz 50 begrenzter, erster Steuerquerschnitt 68 ist vom kegelförmigen Abschnitt 62a des Ventilkörpers 54 gesteuert, während die Einschnürung 44d einen zweiten Steuerquerschnitt 70 bildet, der in der in Figur 2 gezeigten Stellung geöffnet ist.The valve body 54 is in a multiple offset Control channel 44 guided. This is divided into one matched to the diameter of the valve stem 60 Guide section 44a, a first extension 44b, with the valve stem 60 forms an annular space in which the Drain channel 46 opens, a second extension 44c, in the control head 62 of the valve body 54 axially is arranged displaceably and in a constriction 44d, that compared to the extension 44c in diameter withdrawn at right angles. The transition from the first Extension 44b to the second extension 44c is a chamfer formed, which acts as a valve seat 50. One from the valve seat 50 limited, first control cross section 68 is from controlled conical section 62a of the valve body 54, while the neck 44d has a second control cross section 70 forms the open in the position shown in Figure 2 is.

Dieser zweite Steuerquerschnitt 70 ist in seinem Durchmesser derart auf den zylindrischen Abschnitt 62b des Ventilkörpers 54 abgestimmt, daß im maximal ausgelenkten Zustand des Ventilkörpers 54 zwischen beiden Bauelementen ein definierter Drosselspalt 72 entsteht. Letzterer ist beispielsweise durch eine Paarung der Bauteile bei der Montage des Injektors 18 festlegbar, um darüber den Druckmittelfluß zum Ablaufkanal 46 festzulegen. Die zweite Erweiterung 44c des Steuerkanals 44 ist in ihrer radialen und axialen Abmessung darauf ausgelegt, daß der Ventilkörper vom Aktor 52 in eine Zwischenstellung verbringbar ist, in der beide Steuerquerschnitte 68 und 70 gleichzeitig geöffnet sind und der Steuerkopf 62 keine nennenswerte drosselnde Wirkung hat.This second control cross section 70 has a diameter thus on the cylindrical portion 62b of the valve body 54 matched that in the maximum deflected state of the Valve body 54 between the two components Defined throttle gap 72 arises. The latter is for example, by pairing the components in the Assembly of the injector 18 can be fixed to the Determine pressure medium flow to the drain channel 46. The second Extension 44c of the control channel 44 is radial and axial dimension designed so that the valve body can be brought into an intermediate position by the actuator 52, in the two control sections 68 and 70 opened at the same time are and the control head 62 no significant throttling Has an effect.

In die Einschnürung 44d mündet an ihrem vom Ventilkörper 54 abgewandt liegenden Ende die Druckmittelverbindung 56 ein. Wie bereits erläutert, stellt diese eine hydraulische Kopplung des Steuerkanals 44 mit dem Innenraum 28 des Injektors 18 her. In der Druckmittelverbindung 56 befindet sich die Drossel 58.The constriction 44d opens out from the valve body 54 end facing away from the pressure medium connection 56. As already explained, this represents a hydraulic one Coupling of the control channel 44 with the interior 28 of the Injector 18 ago. Located in the pressure medium connection 56 throttle 58.

Von dem das Schließglied 30 des Injektors 18 betätigenden Stößel 36 ist in Figur 2 nur ein Abschnitt des Schafts 38 erkennbar. Dieser ist in der Führungsbohrung 40 verschiebbar geführt, in die der Zulaufkanal 24 radial einmündet.Of which the closing member 30 of the injector 18 operates The plunger 36 is only a portion of the shaft 38 in FIG. 2 recognizable. This is displaceable in the guide bore 40 out into which the inlet channel 24 opens radially.

In der Grundstellung nach Figur 2 verschließt der Ventilkörper 54 den ersten Steuerkanal 68 und unterbricht damit eine Druckmittelverbindung vom Zulaufkanal 24 zum Ablaufkanal 46. In der Führungsbohrung 40 herrscht dadurch der hohe Druck des Zulaufkanals 24. Dieser wirkt auf den Stößel 36 ein und hält damit das Schließglied 30 des Injektors 18 geschlossen. Eine Ansteuerung des Aktors 52 zwingt dem Ventilkörper 54 eine Hubbewegung auf, in deren Endstadium der zylindrische Abschnitt 62b des Steuerkopfes 62 zumindest abschnittsweise in den von der Einschnürung 44d begrenzten zweiten Steuerquerschnitt 70 eintaucht. Bevor dies jedoch erfolgt, besteht eine kurzzeitige Druckmittelverbindung zwischen dem Zulaufkanal 24 und dem Ablaufkanal 46, während der der Stößel 36 druckentlastet ist. Dadurch öffnet das Steuerglied 30 im Injektor 18 und ermöglicht eine sogenannte Voreinspritzung von Kraftstoff.In the basic position according to FIG. 2, the Valve body 54 the first control channel 68 and interrupts so that a pressure medium connection from the inlet channel 24 to Drainage channel 46. This results in the guide bore 40 the high pressure of the inlet channel 24. This acts on the Tappet 36 and thus holds the closing member 30 of the Injector 18 closed. Actuation of the actuator 52 forces the valve body 54 to a stroke movement, in the Final stage of the cylindrical portion 62b of the control head 62 at least in sections in the constriction 44d limited second control cross section 70 immersed. Before however, if this happens, there is a short-term Pressure medium connection between the inlet channel 24 and the Drain channel 46, during which the plunger 36 relieves pressure is. This opens the control member 30 in the injector 18 and enables a so-called pre-injection of fuel.

Mit dem Eintauchen des Ventilkörpers 54 in den zweiten Steuerabschnitt 70 ist diese Voreinspritzung beendet. Dabei besteht zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 62b des Ventilkörpers 54 und der Wandung der Einschnürung 44c der Drosselspalt 72. Dieser erlaubt einen Druckmittelfluß zum Ablaufkanal 46, der jedoch wesentlich geringer als der durch die Drossel 58 ist. In der Führungsbohrung 40 baut sich dadurch ein Druckniveau auf, das zwar geringfügig kleiner als das Druckniveau im Zulaufkanal 24 ist, das aber ausreicht, um das Schließglied 30 des Injektors 18 in seine Schließstellung zu verbringen.With the immersion of the valve body 54 in the second Control section 70, this pilot injection is ended. there exists between the cylindrical portion 62b of the Valve body 54 and the wall of the constriction 44c Throttle gap 72. This allows a pressure medium flow to Drain channel 46, which, however, is significantly less than that through the throttle is 58. Builds in the guide bore 40 thereby a pressure level that is slightly smaller than the pressure level in the inlet channel 24, but that is sufficient to the closing member 30 of the injector 18 in its To spend closed position.

Mit einer stufenweisen Rücknahme der Ansteuerung des Aktors 52 läßt sich der Ventilkörper 54 in eine Zwischenstellung verbringen, in der beide Steuerquerschnitte 68 und 70 geöffnet sind und die Haupteinspritzung abläuft. Der Stößel 36 ist während dessen druckentlastet. Die dabei pro Zeiteinheit eingespritzte Krafstoffmenge ist von der Drossel 58 bestimmt. Nach der vollständigen Rücknahme der Ansteuerung des Aktors 52 verschließt der Steuerkopf 62 den Ventilsitz 50 und unterbricht die Druckmittelverbindung zwischen dem Zulaufkanal 24 und dem Ablaufkanal 46. Der sich in der Führungsbohrung 40 nun aufbauende Druck belastet den Stößel 36 und damit das Schließglied 30, das daraufhin in seine Schließstellung zurückkehrt. Mit einer einzigen Hubbewegung des Aktors 52 lassen sich somit zwei zeitlich voneinander getrennte Einspritzvorgänge steuern, ohne daß der Ventilkörper 54 hohe Anforderungen in Bezug auf ein präzises Fluchten der Führung des Ventilkörpers 54 mit den Steuerquerschnitten 68 und 70 erfüllen muß.With a gradual withdrawal of the control of the actuator 52, the valve body 54 can be in an intermediate position in which both tax cross-sections 68 and 70 are open and the main injection expires. The pestle 36 is depressurized during this. The per Unit of time injected amount of fuel is from the throttle 58 determined. After the full withdrawal of the Control of the actuator 52 closes the control head 62 Valve seat 50 and interrupts the pressure medium connection between the inlet channel 24 and the outlet channel 46. Der sich in the guide bore 40 now builds up pressure Tappet 36 and thus the closing member 30, which then in its closed position returns. With one The stroke movement of the actuator 52 can thus be two in time control separate injection processes without the valve body 54 high demands with respect to precise alignment of the guide of the valve body 54 with the Control cross sections 68 and 70 must meet.

Selbstverständlich sind Änderungen oder Ergänzungen am beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel möglich, ohne von der Erfindung, wie sie in den folgenden Ansprüchen definiert ist, abzuweichen. So wäre es beispielsweise denkbar, anstatt eines drei Bereiche 62a bis c aufweisenden Steuerkopfes 62 eine einfache Kugel einzusetzen. Diese kann beispielsweise mittels eines elastischen Elements, beispielsweise einer Feder oder eines Elastomerteils zur Anlage am stirnseitigen Ende des Stößels 36 gebracht werden.Of course, changes or additions to the described embodiment possible without the invention as defined in the following claims. So it would be for example conceivable instead of one of three areas 62a to c having control head 62 a simple ball use. This can, for example, by means of a elastic element, such as a spring or one Elastomer part for contact with the front end of the ram 36 are brought.

Claims (8)

  1. Injector (18), in particular for controlling an injection process of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a housing (26), in whose interior (28) a closing element (30) is movably guided in order to control injection openings (31), and having an actuation device (44, 52, 54) which acts on the closing element (30) and has an actuator (52) which can be actuated externally, and a valve body (54) which interacts with the actuator (52), is displaceably guided in a control duct (44) and controls, in an alternating action, with two control cross sections (68 and 70) of the control duct (44), pressure medium connections between an inflow duct (24) conducting high pressure and an outflow duct (46), the first control cross section (68) forming, with the valve body (54), a seat valve (51) in the actuation direction of the valve body (54), characterized in that the second control cross section (70) in the actuation direction forms, with the valve body (54), a slider valve (71).
  2. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the external dimensions of the valve body (54) are adapted at least in certain sections to those of the second control cross section (70) in such a way that a throttle gap (72) is formed in the state in which the valve body (54) is deflected to a maximum degree.
  3. Injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the throttle gap (72) is significantly shorter than the cross section of a throttle (58) which controls the flow of pressure medium in the inflow duct (24).
  4. Injector according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the valve body (54) can be moved into an intermediate position in which both control cross sections (68, 70) are opened simultaneously, and in that the control duct (44) is formed in this intermediate position in such a way that the valve body (54) is without a throttle effect.
  5. Injector according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the valve body (54) is composed of a valve stem (60) which has the purpose of guiding it in the control duct (44), and a control head (62) which is arranged on this valve stem (60).
  6. Injector according to Claim 5, characterized in that the control head (62) is a ball.
  7. Injector according to Claim 5, characterized in that the control head (62) is formed integrally on the valve stem (60) and has a conical first section (62a) which faces the first control cross section (68), a cylindrical second section (62b) which adjoins it, and a curved third section (62) which faces the second control cross section (70).
  8. Injector according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuator (52) is a piezoelectric actuator.
EP00958238A 1999-08-20 2000-08-10 Injector Expired - Lifetime EP1210512B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939445 1999-08-20
DE19939445A DE19939445A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Injector
PCT/DE2000/002675 WO2001014715A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-10 Injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1210512A1 EP1210512A1 (en) 2002-06-05
EP1210512B1 true EP1210512B1 (en) 2004-11-03

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EP00958238A Expired - Lifetime EP1210512B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-10 Injector

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EP (1) EP1210512B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003507641A (en)
KR (1) KR20020025982A (en)
AT (1) ATE281598T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ2002608A3 (en)
DE (2) DE19939445A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001014715A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10120157A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-11-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector with throttle element integrated in the control valve
DE10160264A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine has smaller cross-section of connection to relief chamber exposed with increased injection valve element opening displacement

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08158981A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-06-18 Nippondenso Co Ltd Fuel injection device
US5680988A (en) * 1995-01-20 1997-10-28 Caterpillar Inc. Axial force indentation or protrusion for a reciprocating piston/barrel assembly
DE19624001A1 (en) * 1996-06-15 1997-12-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines
AUPO501897A0 (en) * 1997-02-10 1997-03-06 Invent Engineering P/L Hydraulically actuated electronic fuel injection system
DE19742073A1 (en) * 1997-09-24 1999-03-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines

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WO2001014715A1 (en) 2001-03-01
KR20020025982A (en) 2002-04-04
CZ2002608A3 (en) 2003-06-18
JP2003507641A (en) 2003-02-25
DE50008529D1 (en) 2004-12-09
EP1210512A1 (en) 2002-06-05
DE19939445A1 (en) 2001-03-01
ATE281598T1 (en) 2004-11-15

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