EP1202848B1 - Method and device for compressing wood - Google Patents
Method and device for compressing wood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1202848B1 EP1202848B1 EP00931857A EP00931857A EP1202848B1 EP 1202848 B1 EP1202848 B1 EP 1202848B1 EP 00931857 A EP00931857 A EP 00931857A EP 00931857 A EP00931857 A EP 00931857A EP 1202848 B1 EP1202848 B1 EP 1202848B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- compression
- piece
- plates
- press
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of compressing wood of the kind disclosed in the preamble of claim 1, and a device to realise the method.
- the hardness of wood is a function of the density of the wood. This means that heavier kinds of wood are harder than lighter kinds of wood. This is true even within one and the same piece of wood.
- the density of the early wood is about 1/3 of the density of the late wood ( ⁇ 300 kg/m 3 and ⁇ 900 kg/m 3 , respectively) for softwood, such as pine and spruce, grown in Sweden. Transition wood between early and late wood is provided, and the density transition will therefore be continuous. However, the transition between late and early wood is abrupt.
- the late wood has cells with thick walls and rather small lumen and can therefore not be compressed to a great extent before the cell walls are crushed or broken.
- FIG 1 illustrates a piece of wood treated with this kind of compression. This piece of wood has got a crush of a late wood layer at A. A shear fracture between early and late wood, or in the early wood, as shown at B, represents a common problem.
- the piece of wood shown in FIG 1 is cut such that its flat sides are parallel to a diametrical section through a tree trunk wood.
- the annual rings lie essentially parallel to the flat sides, at least in the middle of the piece of wood since they are arcuate.
- Knots in the wood have an essentially higher density (and hence hardness) than the rest of the piece of wood.
- the knot direction, and hence knot fibre direction lies practically radial in the tree trunk, and has a certain angle against the longitudinal direction of the tree trunk, most often 70° to 90°. If the knots are to be compressed in their longitudinal direction, a strong force is required. This causes great cross-damages in the material, partly because of the knot as such and partly because of the cross grain around the knot. Solutions to this problem have been tried by establishing the compression power by means of relatively soft plates of rubber, which admit the hard knots to be pressed into the plate of rubber and providing a proportionately even pressure on the wood surface. Thereby, isostatic compression provides the best compression result.
- An object with the invention is to provide a method and device, which remove the problems stated at the introductory part of this specification.
- Another object with the invention is to provide a method and device providing compressed, hard pieces of wood without splits and cross damages.
- Still another object with the invention is to provide a method and device providing compressed hard pieces of wood having an esthetical attractive surface structure.
- the invention thus relates to a method for providing a hard piece of wood using compression treatment in order to compress a disjoint timber of wood, which having the features according to claim 1.
- a device to provide for carrying out the method having the features of claim 10 is also part of the present invention.
- FIG 2A shows a wood board 1 in the form of a piece of wood having vertical annual rings.
- a wood board 1 in the form of a piece of wood having vertical annual rings.
- Such kind of wood is made for example by means of quarter or star sawing.
- the centre part of a tree trunk obtained when using through or square sawing can be used, for example having the pith and a part of the juvenile wood cut away.
- the wood cut in this way is dried at least to the fibre saturation point, but preferably longer, for example to ca. 10% moisture content. Thereafter, the knots with the surrounding cross grain are cut away. Wood pieces are joined as needed, for example with finger joint.
- the wood piece 1 prepared in this way is placed between two plates 3 and 4.
- Each plate has a glossy surface turned towards the wood and preferably has a coating 5 and 6, respectively, providing a low friction to the wood.
- the purpose of having the glossy surfaces of the plates 3 and 4 is to give such as low force of friction from these plates as possible when the wood board is compressed during the compression to come.
- the distance between the plates 3 and 4 should be approximately as great as the thickness of the board. Preferably, the distance could be controllable, e.g. by means of a steering wheel or the like (not shown). It is also an advantage to be able to move away one of the plates 3, 4 during working moments with insertion of an uncompressed wood board and unloading of a compressed wood board.
- the positions of the plates 3 and 4 are essentially fixed, when a wood board is placed between them in order to be compressed.
- a pressure force is imposed on both tangential sides of the wood board 1 in the direction of the arrows P1 and P2.
- the pressure force is provided by a press arrangement having pressure providers 7, 8 and a pressure foot 9, 11 on the tangential surfaces.
- the two pressure providers are controlled by a control unit 11, which also can measure the total pressure, to which the wood board 1 is exposed.
- tangential surfaces pressure from both directions is to be preferred.
- the compression can go on until a strong increase of the pressure resistance is provided. This occurs when the wood board has got a density in the order of 1200 kg/m 3 . A early back occurs when the pressure force is released, but remaining density for pine and spruce wood is ca 800 kg/m 3 , i.e. somewhat lower than the original density of the late wood.
- FIG. 4 A diagram of the pressure force as a function of compression is shown in FIG 4.
- a first phase having increasing pressure force up to BR1
- no essential compression is provided.
- a strong compression using a small extra pressure force is provided up to BR2, whereupon the pressure force has to be increased essentially in order to get a small increase of the compression.
- the compression is finished when the pressure force has reached a predetermined level that according to observed results is known to represent the maximal compression before an extra pressure increase will lead to a hardly noticeable effect.
- the pressure force could be maintained constant during a certain time.
- the material is floating during this time, and a certain tension relaxation is obtained.
- chemical or thermo-mechanical locking means that the piece of wood 1 for instance has been impregnated with some chemical substance before compression, which substance hardens during compression. Or else that heat is provided, particular during the end phase having constant pressure.
- the piece of wood board can be attached, for example glued, on a fixating bed, e.g. a plate of wood 14.
- a fixating bed e.g. a plate of wood 14.
- This fixation may be made only directly on one side of the wood board.
- two compressed wood boards 1, 1' could be attached on each side of the fixating bed in order to get symmetry such that the composite wood board does not bend.
- the fixating bed strives against the effect provided when the compressed wood board has a possible tendency to swell in the compression direction.
- the bed 14 should not be made thicker than the glue holding it in place, it should be so thin that it does not press itself away from the glue.
- the bed 14 could in use, be protruding somewhat at one side and be notched somewhat at the other side, such that pieces of wood board having groove and tenon are created in this way.
- FIG 3 illustrates that a piece of wood 1 before the compression could be sawn into radial sliced veneer (shown sparsely for clearness), which thereafter are laid one of top of the other between the plates 15 and 16. Thereafter the compression is provided from the radial surfaces, which results in hard veneer disks, which can be used for example for wear and tear layers on floors, kitchen shelves, kitchen shutters etc.
- FIG 5 shows that two triangular blocks 17 and 18 have been glued together such that the glued common block 20 has got vertical annual rings.
- Two blocks 19 and 20 provided in this way have thereafter, having an insert 21 between them, been placed between fixedly placed plates 23 and 24. After that the blocks are compressed from the tangential surfaces in order to get a harder and stronger material.
- the distance plates are not shown in FIG 6 since they are provided in front of and behind the section shown in the Figure.
- the plank is fed in through an opening in the right side of the Figure between a press arrangement having two longish pressure units 26 and 27 having different pressure forces along the plank 25.
- the plank is fed through the press arrangement in the direction of the arrow P5 and is then compressed more and more in the beginning (see the section from the beginning to BR1 in FIG 4). After that, the plank is exerted to a pressure, which increased in a lower rate (see the section between BR1 and BR2 in FIG 5). After that, the control unit (not shown in FIG 6) senses that the pressure should not increase any more the pressure is maintained constant in the end of the pressure chain along the plank 25.
- the pressure along the plank is here controlled to have different pressure power in dependence of the position along the press units. This is possible to make by means of the control unit in a way obvious for the person skilled in the art.
- the press units 26 and 27 could have a coating giving a low friction. This is advantageous even if the press is opened somewhat at each movement forward.
- a chain of press plates 27, 28 has been placed between a guide (work support) 29 and 30 each for the belonging press units 31 and 32, respectively, and the plank 25.
- the press plates 27 and 28 are fed in the direction of the arrows such that they help the feeding movement of the plank 27 through the press arrangement. In doing so the press plates do not need to be opened between the batch wise compression, and the pressure proceeding can be provided continuously.
- Each chain of press plates can be fastened to each other in a ring and be fed around as an endless band.
- an intermediate rigid metal bar 35 should be provided between the planks 33 and 34 in order to prevent the individual planks to get lasting distortion from its parallelepiped form.
- the method according to the invention can be used for each kind of wood where it is a wish to increase its hardness and resistance.
- a corresponding increase of the tearproof, compression strength and resistance to bending for the wood is provided in the similar way as described above for the hardness.
- the method is particularly advantageous for fast-growing wood, which in itself has deficient resistance values, for example fast growing spruce planted on arable land.
- the method is adapted for treatment of soft as well as hard wood.
- the pieces of wood treated to be hard with the method according to the invention are principally thought to be used as floor surface.
- the hardness has been derived by compression sideways and thus not by compression from the flat sides.
- the E-module at tangential load, i.e. on surfaces along a radial plane is much lower than that on tangential surfaces.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention if it is used to making floor boards, thus gives an aesthetically attractive floor having its vertical annual, narrow rings.
- the floors are also pleasant to walk on.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- FIG 1
- illustrates a compression in accordance with a prior known method, described above,
- FIG 2
- illustrates schematically a first embodiment of a device according to the invention,
- FIG 3
- illustrates a second embodiment of a device according to the invention,
- FIG 4
- shows a diagram, by means of which the invention is explained,
- FIG 5
- illustrates a third embodiment of a device according to the invention,
- FIG 6
- shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a press having feeding of a longitudinal timber of wood to be treated and batch wise compression of the wood,
- FIG 7
- illustrates a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of a press having feeding of a longitudinal timber of wood to be treated and continuous compression of the wood, and
- FIG 8
- illustrates a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of a press having feeding of a longitudinal timber of wood to be treated and continuous compression of the wood.
Claims (15)
- A method for providing a hard piece of wood using compression treatment in order to compress a disjoint timber of wood, which has been prepared such that it comprises a piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) having vertical annual rings perpendicular to the lradial surfaces of the piece of wood,
characterized bya) placing the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) between two plates (3, 4; 23,24) and having its radial surfaces turned towards the plates, the plates having a fixedly provided position in relation to each other and having a distance to each other adapted to the thickness of the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) between its radial surfaces;b) compression (9,10; 10,12) of the piece of wood between its tangential surfaces in radial direction to the annual rings of the wood using increasing compression force until a wanted compression has been reached. - A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixedly provided position for the two plates (3, 4; 23,24) is adjustable before the compression operation.
- A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression action, after that a wanted compression has been reached, continues with constant compression force during a time fitted for providing fixation of the compression obtained.
- A method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by treating the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) before compression with a chemical substance to obtain locking of the compression obtained when once obtained.
- A method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by heat treatment during and/or after compression to obtain thermo-mechanical locking.
- A method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by gluing one of the longitudinal sides, or both, to a fixating bed, e.g. a plate of wood, after compression.
- A method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by sawing the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) to radial cut veneer before the placing between the plates.
- A method according to anyone of the claims 1 to 6, characterized by sawing the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25) to veneer sheets after the compression.
- A method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by feeding the wood material (25) in the form of a plank through a press arrangement giving different compression pressure along the path along which the plank is fed through.
- A device for providing a hard piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25; 33, 34) having vertical annual rings perpendicular to the flat longitudinal sides of the piece of wood using compression treatment in order to provide compression of the piece of wood,
characterized bya) two plates (3, 4; 13, 14; 23, 24) having a fixed position in relation to each other and having a distance to each other adapted to the thickness of the piece of wood (1; 19, 20; 25; 33, 34) between its flat longitudinal sides and between the two plates the piece of wood is adapted to be placed having its flat longitudinal sides turned towards the plates (3, 4; 13, 14; 23, 24);b) press means (7, 9, 8, 10; 12, 8, 10; 26, 27; 31, 32) for compressing the piece of wood between its tangential sides in radial direction of the annual rings of the wood and with increasing compression power until a wanted compression has been obtained. - A device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixed position for the two plates (3, 4; 13, 14; 23, 24) is adjustable before the compression operation.
- A device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by a fixating bed means, for example a wooden sheet (14), glued to the piece of wood (1, 1') after the compression operation.
- A device according to anyone of the claims 10 to 12, characterized by pressure means comprising a press arrangement (26, 27; 31, 32) providing different compression power along a plank (25) of wood, or several planks (33, 34) of wood, fed through the press arrangement.
- A device according to claim 13, characterized by
a chain of press plates (27, 28) in the press arrangement being placed near-by the plank or the planks, which are compressed, when feeding the plank or planks forward the press plates are adapted to be moved in the same batch wise or continuous rate as the plank or the planks. - A device according to anyone of the claims 10 to 14, characterized by a control unit (11, 13) providing control to the press means (7, 9, 8, 10; 12, 8, 10; 26, 27; 31, 32) in the press arrangement to provide a fitting pressure power for compressing the piece of wood.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9901796A SE515328C2 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 1999-05-17 | Method and apparatus for compressing wood |
SE9901796 | 1999-05-17 | ||
PCT/SE2000/000976 WO2000069606A1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | Method and device for compressing wood |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1202848A1 EP1202848A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
EP1202848B1 true EP1202848B1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
Family
ID=20415632
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00931857A Expired - Lifetime EP1202848B1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | Method and device for compressing wood |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1202848B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE251976T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4967400A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60005968T2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE515328C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000069606A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114147827A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-08 | 黄荣凤 | Solid wood layered compression method based on moisture distribution regulation and control |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3591448A (en) * | 1966-08-15 | 1971-07-06 | Armin Elmendorf | Wood with a densified surface layer and method of making same |
US4606388A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-08-19 | Peter Favot | Process for densifying low density woods |
SE505408C2 (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1997-08-25 | Traetek Inst Foer Traeteknisk | Surface-cladding elements made of hardened wood and methods for making such elements |
WO1996005034A1 (en) * | 1994-08-15 | 1996-02-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Wood veneers and products therefrom having enhanced strength and stiffness |
SE9703776D0 (en) * | 1997-10-16 | 1997-10-16 | Lindhe Curt | New material and process for its preparation |
-
1999
- 1999-05-17 SE SE9901796A patent/SE515328C2/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-05-17 EP EP00931857A patent/EP1202848B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-17 AU AU49674/00A patent/AU4967400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-17 WO PCT/SE2000/000976 patent/WO2000069606A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-17 DE DE60005968T patent/DE60005968T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-17 AT AT00931857T patent/ATE251976T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE251976T1 (en) | 2003-11-15 |
DE60005968D1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
SE9901796D0 (en) | 1999-05-17 |
WO2000069606A1 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
AU4967400A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
EP1202848A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
SE9901796L (en) | 2000-11-18 |
DE60005968T2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
SE515328C2 (en) | 2001-07-16 |
WO2000069606A9 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
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