EP1195556A1 - Gas burner and cooking appliance using such burner - Google Patents

Gas burner and cooking appliance using such burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1195556A1
EP1195556A1 EP01402549A EP01402549A EP1195556A1 EP 1195556 A1 EP1195556 A1 EP 1195556A1 EP 01402549 A EP01402549 A EP 01402549A EP 01402549 A EP01402549 A EP 01402549A EP 1195556 A1 EP1195556 A1 EP 1195556A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
peripheral wall
burner according
ejection
burner
orifices
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EP01402549A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1195556B1 (en
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Bernard Dane
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Burner Systems International BSI SA
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Sourdillon SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C3/00—Stoves or ranges for gaseous fuels
    • F24C3/08—Arrangement or mounting of burners
    • F24C3/085—Arrangement or mounting of burners on ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/06—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with radial outlets at the burner head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14064—Burner heads of non circular shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas burner. It also targets a cooking appliance, such as a stove or hob built-in, using this gas burner.
  • a fuel for example a gas
  • a first volume oxidizer for example air
  • This mixture is then led into a converging / diverging system, which can in particular be a horizontal venturi, a radial venturi or a venturi vertical, and which we will subsequently call "venturi”.
  • a converging / diverging system which can in particular be a horizontal venturi, a radial venturi or a venturi vertical, and which we will subsequently call "venturi”.
  • venturi At the end of venturi the primary mixture enters a recompression chamber surrounded by a generally circular peripheral wall. Ports pass through this peripheral wall, orifices through which the mixture primary is ejected into the environment.
  • the primary mixture is then again diluted in an oxidizer, for example ambient air, to reach substantially the stoichiometric conditions, that is to say form a combustible mixture.
  • an oxidizer for example ambient air
  • a first solution is to add at least one peripheral wall concentric with the first peripheral wall and located in the central zone.
  • this technology is expensive and more suitable for large kitchens industrial or restaurant. Indeed, this amounts to practically doubling all of the burner's equipment, and assisting the combustion of the primary mixture leaving an inner peripheral wall, this mixture does not can be diluted in the ambient air, scarce in the central area.
  • a second solution consists, while retaining the shape generally circular of the burner, to give the peripheral wall a shape such that some of its parts extend substantially radially from the center of the burner to its periphery.
  • This is the solution presented in the documents NL31636, US2257399 and US2320754. These documents are already old and date respectively from 1933, 1938 and 1938.
  • the solutions that they disclose are adapted to town gas, i.e. to gas manufactured in the factory and mainly used until the middle of the 20th century century.
  • This city gas is essentially methane or hydrogen, that is to say a gas requiring a small supply of air to reach the stoichiometric conditions.
  • These technologies have been discontinued with the use of richer gases such as propane and butane. These, at higher calorific value, also consist of chains longer carbonaceous materials which require more air to burn important.
  • For the forms of peripheral walls presented in the documents cited there is little space available for each flame and some of these mix, which is bad for combustion.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a burner capable of significantly increase the heat exchange surface, meeting to the requirements of the standards in force, and looking for customers current.
  • the main condition for this is that the flames do not not mix with each other, that is to say that the primary mixture leaving a hole in the peripheral wall has enough space to dilute in a sufficient amount of ambient air.
  • An axe ejection is an axis representing in the two-dimensional figures of boards joined, a longitudinal and substantially median plane at the orifices ejection.
  • An ejection axis is oriented and it originates from the exit of a ejection port and extends outward from the burner.
  • the convergence distance of an orifice is the distance from the origin of the ejection axis of this orifice to the point intersection of the ejection axes of the two orifices, for example neighbors.
  • a non-circular burner meeting the requirements already mentioned is mainly characterized in that the holes in the wall peripheral are arranged so that the ejection axis of any first orifice diverges from the ejection axis of a second closest orifice from the first port.
  • This definition does not exclude that another orifice adjacent to the first orifice converges with the first orifice, but then the distance from convergence must guarantee sufficient dissemination.
  • no axis ejection is directed towards a part of the peripheral wall, part which could limit the space available.
  • the peripheral wall may also be partially concave.
  • a burner according to the invention is particularly intended for use domesticated. It is therefore advantageous that it can be easily cleaned.
  • the peripheral wall can be arranged to be able to be reached anywhere on its periphery by at least one finger of one hand.
  • said wall peripheral may include segments neutralized in its parts close to the grid.
  • the primary mixture ejected through a orifices which do not mix or mix little with that ejected through a nearby orifice it may be useful for rapid ignition of the burner to provide at least one of the ejection orifices is connected to at least one orifice of neighboring ejection by a flame channel.
  • a flame channel can by example connect two neighboring orifices separated by a neutralized segment.
  • the neutralized segments each correspond to part of a concave area.
  • Another part of the concave zone can have holes. We thus ingeniously combine the wish to have flames in areas close to the axis of the burner, but these flames do not interfere with each other, and the desire to spare areas without flames to preserve the grid.
  • venturi beyond at least one concave segment of said peripheral wall.
  • a burner according to the invention can be an all-gas burner, i.e. burning both rich gases, such as propane or butane, and gases poor people like methane. It can also be designed to achieve the effect of spiral convection disclosed in document WO96 / 01572, thanks to a same direction of inclination of the ejection axes relative to the wall area peripheral from which they respectively come.
  • the invention also relates to a cooking appliance using a burner having any of the foregoing features.
  • N being an integer
  • said N burners can be arranged in a line which is not necessarily rectilinear, on a worktop of the cooking appliance so that the general shape of the peripheral wall of at least one of the N burners is the image, by a homothety and a rotation of 360 ° / N / n, of the general shape of the wall peripheral of at least one of its neighbors on said line, n being a non-zero whole number.
  • This provision may in particular allow to improve the diffusion of hot gases from the combustion of the mixture combustible.
  • the gas burner 1 comprises a gas injector 5, a chamber mixture 2, a convergence chamber 3 formed vertically in a body 4 of the burner, a divergence chamber 6 which extends radially between the body and a cover 7, then a recompression chamber 8 surrounded by a peripheral wall 9.
  • the peripheral wall is pierced ejection orifices 11, here produced in the form of slots provided in the upper part of the peripheral wall.
  • the cover 7 delimits above these orifices, which are interconnected by channels of flames 12 formed between the upper edge of the peripheral wall and the lid.
  • a venturi (3,6) is formed by the association of a convergence 3 and a divergence chamber 6, separated by a neck 31.
  • the gas supplied by the injector 5 is propelled inside the chamber 2 in the direction G, substantially in a vertical axis Z of the convergence chamber.
  • the gas begins to mix with the air, called "primary", coming in the direction H.
  • the primary mixture thus obtained passes through the venturi to be recompressed in recompression chamber 8. Most of the the primary mixture is then ejected through the ejection orifices 11, the other part is ejected through channels 12.
  • a container 14 can be placed above the burner on a grid 15, grid of which only the ends 16 are shown.
  • the container 14 is symbolized by dotted lines in Figure 5.
  • the peripheral wall has the shape of a non-circular crown. So the perimeter defined by the peripheral wall is relatively large compared the minimum diameter of the container 14 that this burner can heat effectively.
  • the ejection axis Xc of a first orifice 11c diverges from the ejection axis Xd from a second orifice 11d closest to the first orifice Xc at an angle V.
  • the neighboring flames diverge from each other, and each flame has a sufficient volume despite the length of the peripheral wall which is relatively large compared to the perimeter of the circumscribed circle 21.
  • the peripheral wall 9 is formed of four lobes 17, each formed by a convex segment of the peripheral wall, separated by concave segments 18.
  • the peripheral wall has only one concave segment.
  • the convex shape of the lobes 17 allows, in particular, to diverge two holes drilled in the same convex segment and forming locally, i.e. in their place of drilling, at the same angle with the peripheral wall. So flames from these holes also diverge, increasing the volume of secondary air available for their combustion, therefore the efficiency of the burner. This also allows, with orifices diverging substantially identical diameters having a similar route through the wall, to guarantee pressure drops substantially identical through each of these orifices.
  • the divergence chamber 6 of the venturi is extended radially beyond the concave segments 18 of the peripheral wall, unlike those of burners of Figures 5 to 7. Indeed, the extension of the divergence makes it possible to obtain a more efficient venturi.
  • segments neutralized 20 having no ejection orifice are formed along of the peripheral wall near the grid.
  • Neutralized segments 20 occupy part of the concave zones 18 where an excessive number orifices could result in interference between the flames.
  • These neutralized segments 20 are delimited by a pair of orifices 11a, 11b which are not neighbors within the meaning of the invention.
  • the ejection axes Xa, Xb of these orifices may be slightly convergent. This provision allows flames from these orifices to converge. This ensures a substantially regular heating of the periphery of a container while leaving an area between these flames, near the grid, where the combustion is significantly reduced.
  • the burner ejection ports of Figure 7 are arranged so that their ejection axis X forms, at the point of exit of each of the orifices, a angle W less than 90 ° with the tangent T to the peripheral wall.
  • the burners according to the invention can be of several dimensions and shapes substantially homothetic. Each dimension corresponds to a given power, a auxiliary burner 1a is of low power, a semi-rapid burner 1b is medium power, a fast burner 1c is high power.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described and represented.
  • the burner equipment such as the recompression mixture where the venturi
  • the venturi may, for example, include a vertical divergence instead of radial.
  • Ejection ports may form slots in the lower part of the peripheral wall or be drilled on the flank of it. The ejection axis may not be in a horizontal plane.
  • the peripheral wall may not have a concave segment, for example example if it has the general shape of a square.
  • the angle of the ejection ports with the tangent to the peripheral wall can be variable along this wall.
  • the burner according to the invention can of course include accessories not shown such as an automatic ignition device or a thermocouple to verify that the primary mixture is actually in burning course.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

All-gas burner, the shape of the peripheral wall of which is not circular in order to increase the heat exchange surface with the item to be heated. The ejection orifices which cross this peripheral wall are created so as to permit a substantially complete combustion of the gas.

Description

La présente invention concerne un brûleur à gaz. Elle vise également un appareil de cuisson, telle qu'une cuisinière ou un plan de cuisson encastrable, utilisant ce brûleur à gaz.The present invention relates to a gas burner. It also targets a cooking appliance, such as a stove or hob built-in, using this gas burner.

Un carburant, par exemple un gaz, qui est injecté dans un brûleur pénètre dans une première zone ou il est mélangé avec un premier volume de comburant, par exemple de l'air, afin de former un mélange dit "primaire" dont la richesse en excède les conditions stoechiométriques. Ce mélange est ensuite conduit dans un système convergeant/divergeant, qui peut notamment être un venturi horizontal, un venturi radial ou un venturi vertical, et que nous nommerons par la suite "venturi". À la sortie du venturi le mélange primaire pénètre dans une chambre de recompression ceinte par une paroi périphérique de forme générale circulaire. Des orifices traversent cette paroi périphérique, orifices au travers desquels le mélange primaire est éjecté dans le milieu ambiant. Le mélange primaire est alors à nouveau dilué dans un comburant, par exemple l'air ambiant, pour atteindre sensiblement les conditions stoechiométriques, c'est à dire former un mélange combustible. Lorsque le mélange combustible est enflammé, c'est à proximité de la sortie des orifices d'éjection que se forment les flammes.A fuel, for example a gas, which is injected into a burner enters a first zone where it is mixed with a first volume oxidizer, for example air, in order to form a so-called "primary" mixture whose richness exceeds the stoichiometric conditions. This mixture is then led into a converging / diverging system, which can in particular be a horizontal venturi, a radial venturi or a venturi vertical, and which we will subsequently call "venturi". At the end of venturi the primary mixture enters a recompression chamber surrounded by a generally circular peripheral wall. Ports pass through this peripheral wall, orifices through which the mixture primary is ejected into the environment. The primary mixture is then again diluted in an oxidizer, for example ambient air, to reach substantially the stoichiometric conditions, that is to say form a combustible mixture. When the fuel mixture is ignited, it is near the exit of the ejection orifices formed by the flames.

Ces brûleurs connus ont l'inconvénient d'avoir radialement à l'intérieur de la couronne de flammes une zone centrale sensiblement dénuée d'échange thermique. Cette disposition peut être un inconvénient majeur lorsque l'on souhaite cuire uniformément un aliment dans une poêle.These known burners have the disadvantage of having radially inside of the crown of flames a substantially devoid central zone heat exchange. This arrangement can be a major drawback when you want to cook food evenly in a pan.

Deux solutions ont principalement été adoptées par l'art antérieur pour optimiser la surface d'échange thermique, donc la répartition de la chaleur au fond du récipient.Two solutions have mainly been adopted by the prior art for optimize the heat exchange surface, therefore the distribution of heat at the bottom of the container.

Une première solution est d'ajouter au moins une paroi périphérique concentrique à la première paroi périphérique et située dans la zone centrale. Cependant cette technologie est chère et plus adaptée aux grandes cuisines industrielles ou de restaurant. En effet, cela revient à doubler pratiquement l'ensemble des équipements du brûleur, et à assister la combustion du mélange primaire sortant d'une paroi périphérique intérieure, ce mélange ne pouvant se diluer dans l'air ambiant, peu abondant dans la zone centrale.A first solution is to add at least one peripheral wall concentric with the first peripheral wall and located in the central zone. However, this technology is expensive and more suitable for large kitchens industrial or restaurant. Indeed, this amounts to practically doubling all of the burner's equipment, and assisting the combustion of the primary mixture leaving an inner peripheral wall, this mixture does not can be diluted in the ambient air, scarce in the central area.

Une deuxième solution consiste, tout en conservant la forme généralement circulaire du brûleur, à donner à la paroi périphérique une forme telle que certaines de ses parties s'étendent sensiblement radialement du centre du brûleur vers sa périphérie. C'est la solution présentée dans les documents NL31636, US2257399 et US2320754. Ces documents sont déjà anciens et datent respectivement de 1933, 1938 et 1938. Les solutions qu'ils divulguent sont adaptées au gaz de ville, c'est-à-dire à du gaz manufacturé en usine et principalement utilisé jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle. Ce gaz de ville est essentiellement du méthane ou de l'hydrogène, c'est-à-dire un gaz nécessitant un faible apport d'air pour atteindre les conditions stoechiométriques. Ces technologies ont été abandonnées avec l'utilisation de gaz plus riches tels le propane et le butane. Ces derniers, au pouvoir calorifique plus important, sont aussi constitués de chaínes carbonées plus longues dont la combustion nécessite un apport d'air plus important. Pour les formes de parois périphériques présentées dans les documents cités, il y a peu d'espace disponible pour chaque flamme et certaines de celles-ci se mélangent, ce qui est péjorant pour la combustion.A second solution consists, while retaining the shape generally circular of the burner, to give the peripheral wall a shape such that some of its parts extend substantially radially from the center of the burner to its periphery. This is the solution presented in the documents NL31636, US2257399 and US2320754. These documents are already old and date respectively from 1933, 1938 and 1938. The solutions that they disclose are adapted to town gas, i.e. to gas manufactured in the factory and mainly used until the middle of the 20th century century. This city gas is essentially methane or hydrogen, that is to say a gas requiring a small supply of air to reach the stoichiometric conditions. These technologies have been discontinued with the use of richer gases such as propane and butane. These, at higher calorific value, also consist of chains longer carbonaceous materials which require more air to burn important. For the forms of peripheral walls presented in the documents cited, there is little space available for each flame and some of these mix, which is bad for combustion.

Outre la richesse des gaz utilisés, les normes et les exigences de la clientèle accroissent les difficultés rencontrées. En effet, les normes imposent des taux de combustion toujours plus élevés. Par ailleurs, la clientèle recherche des plans de cuisson où l'aspect technique s'efface derrière l'aspect esthétique. Par exemple, des brûleurs de faible hauteur apparente et une distance réduite entre le fond d'un récipient et le dessus du plan de cuisson. Ainsi, la combustion doit toujours être améliorée alors que le volume disponible pour la dilution du mélange primaire avec l'air ambiant est toujours plus réduit.In addition to the richness of the gases used, the standards and requirements of the customers increase the difficulties encountered. Indeed, the standards impose ever higher burn rates. In addition, the customers are looking for hobs where the technical aspect disappears behind the aesthetic aspect. For example, low-profile burners apparent and a reduced distance between the bottom of a container and the top of the hob. Thus, combustion must always be improved then than the volume available for dilution of the primary mixture with air ambient is always more reduced.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un brûleur susceptible d'augmenter significativement la surface d'échange thermique, répondant aux exigences des normes en vigueur, et à la recherche de la clientèle actuelle. La principale condition pour cela est que les flammes ne se mélangent pas entre elles, c'est-à-dire que le mélange primaire sortant d'un orifice de la paroi périphérique dispose d'un espace suffisant pour se diluer dans une quantité suffisante d'air ambiant.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a burner capable of significantly increase the heat exchange surface, meeting to the requirements of the standards in force, and looking for customers current. The main condition for this is that the flames do not not mix with each other, that is to say that the primary mixture leaving a hole in the peripheral wall has enough space to dilute in a sufficient amount of ambient air.

Les définitions suivantes seront employées dans ce document. Un axe d'éjection est un axe représentant aux figures en deux dimensions des planches jointes, un plan longitudinal et sensiblement médian aux orifices d'éjection. Un axe d'éjection est orienté et il a pour origine la sortie d'un orifice d'éjection et s'étend vers l'extérieur du brûleur. Dans le cas de deux orifices d'éjection convergents, la distance de convergence d'un orifice est la distance séparant l'origine de l'axe d'éjection de cet orifice avec le point d'intersection des axes d'éjection des deux orifices, par exemple voisins.The following definitions will be used in this document. An axe ejection is an axis representing in the two-dimensional figures of boards joined, a longitudinal and substantially median plane at the orifices ejection. An ejection axis is oriented and it originates from the exit of a ejection port and extends outward from the burner. In the case of two converging ejection ports, the convergence distance of an orifice is the distance from the origin of the ejection axis of this orifice to the point intersection of the ejection axes of the two orifices, for example neighbors.

Selon l'invention, un brûleur non circulaire répondant aux exigences déjà citées est principalement caractérisé en ce que les orifices de la paroi périphérique sont agencés pour que l'axe d'éjection d'un quelconque premier orifice diverge de l'axe d'éjection d'un second orifice le plus proche du premier orifice. Cette définition n'exclut pas qu'un autre orifice voisin du premier orifice converge avec le premier orifice, mais alors, la distance de convergence doit garantir une diffusion suffisante.According to the invention, a non-circular burner meeting the requirements already mentioned is mainly characterized in that the holes in the wall peripheral are arranged so that the ejection axis of any first orifice diverges from the ejection axis of a second closest orifice from the first port. This definition does not exclude that another orifice adjacent to the first orifice converges with the first orifice, but then the distance from convergence must guarantee sufficient dissemination.

Selon une autre particularité préférentielle de l'invention, aucun axe d'éjection n'est orienté vers une partie de la paroi périphérique, partie qui pourrait limiter l'espace disponible. Pour optimiser la surface d'échange thermique la paroi périphérique peut en outre être partiellement concave.According to another preferred feature of the invention, no axis ejection is directed towards a part of the peripheral wall, part which could limit the space available. To optimize the exchange surface the peripheral wall may also be partially concave.

Un brûleur selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à un usage domestique. Il est donc avantageux qu'il puisse être aisément nettoyé. A cette fin, la paroi périphérique peut être agencée pour pouvoir être atteinte en tout lieu de sa périphérie par au moins un doigt d'une main. D'autre part, pour limiter un phénomène de catalyse susceptible de dégrader l'émail d'une grille destinée à maintenir un récipient au-dessus du brûleur, ladite paroi périphérique peut comprendre des segments neutralisés dans ses parties proches de la grille. Cependant, le mélange primaire éjecté au travers d'un des orifices ne se mélangeant pas ou peu avec celui éjecté au travers d'un orifice voisin, il peut être utile pour un allumage rapide du brûleur, de prévoir que l'un au moins parmi les orifices d'éjection soit relié à au moins un orifice d'éjection voisin par un canal de flamme. Un canal de flamme peut par exemple relier deux orifices voisins séparés par un segment neutralisé.A burner according to the invention is particularly intended for use domesticated. It is therefore advantageous that it can be easily cleaned. AT for this purpose, the peripheral wall can be arranged to be able to be reached anywhere on its periphery by at least one finger of one hand. On the other hand, to limit a phenomenon of catalysis likely to degrade the enamel of a grate intended to hold a container above the burner, said wall peripheral may include segments neutralized in its parts close to the grid. However, the primary mixture ejected through a orifices which do not mix or mix little with that ejected through a nearby orifice, it may be useful for rapid ignition of the burner to provide at least one of the ejection orifices is connected to at least one orifice of neighboring ejection by a flame channel. A flame channel can by example connect two neighboring orifices separated by a neutralized segment.

Il est avantageux que les segments neutralisés correspondent chacun à une partie d'une zone concave. Une autre partie de la zone concave peut présenter des orifices. On combine ainsi ingénieusement le souhait d'avoir des flammes dans les zones proches de l'axe du brûleur, mais que ces flammes n'interfèrent pas entre elles, et le souhait de ménager des zones sans flammes pour préserver la grille.It is advantageous that the neutralized segments each correspond to part of a concave area. Another part of the concave zone can have holes. We thus ingeniously combine the wish to have flames in areas close to the axis of the burner, but these flames do not interfere with each other, and the desire to spare areas without flames to preserve the grid.

Pour encore améliorer la combustion, il est avantageux de prolonger le venturi au-delà d'au moins un segment concave de ladite paroi périphérique.To further improve combustion, it is advantageous to extend the venturi beyond at least one concave segment of said peripheral wall.

Un brûleur selon l'invention peut être un brûleur tous gaz, c'est-à-dire brûlant aussi bien les gaz riches, tels le propane ou le butane, que des gaz pauvres tels le méthane. Il peut aussi être conçu pour obtenir l'effet de convection en spirale divulgué par le document WO96/01572, grâce à un même sens d'inclinaison des axes d'éjection par rapport à la zone de la paroi périphérique dont ils sont respectivement issus.A burner according to the invention can be an all-gas burner, i.e. burning both rich gases, such as propane or butane, and gases poor people like methane. It can also be designed to achieve the effect of spiral convection disclosed in document WO96 / 01572, thanks to a same direction of inclination of the ejection axes relative to the wall area peripheral from which they respectively come.

L'invention vise aussi un appareil de cuisson utilisant un brûleur ayant l'une quelconque des caractéristiques précédentes. Sur un tel appareil utilisant N brûleurs, N étant un nombre entier, lesdits N brûleurs peuvent être disposés selon une ligne qui n'est pas obligatoirement rectiligne, sur un plan de travail de l'appareil de cuisson de telle sorte que la forme générale de la paroi périphérique de l'un au moins des N brûleurs est l'image, par une homothétie et une rotation de 360°/N/n, de la forme générale de la paroi périphérique de l'un au moins parmi ses voisins sur ladite ligne, n étant un nombre entier non nul. Cette disposition peut notamment permettre d'améliorer la diffusion des gaz chauds issus de la combustion du mélange combustible.The invention also relates to a cooking appliance using a burner having any of the foregoing features. On such a device using N burners, N being an integer, said N burners can be arranged in a line which is not necessarily rectilinear, on a worktop of the cooking appliance so that the general shape of the peripheral wall of at least one of the N burners is the image, by a homothety and a rotation of 360 ° / N / n, of the general shape of the wall peripheral of at least one of its neighbors on said line, n being a non-zero whole number. This provision may in particular allow to improve the diffusion of hot gases from the combustion of the mixture combustible.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description ci-après, relative à des exemples non limitatifs. Aux dessins annexés :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de dessus schématique d'un premier type possible de brûleur selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue selon F, partielle et en perspective, du brûleur de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 est une coupe schématique et partielle d'un brûleur possible selon l'invention, qui peut être une coupe selon E-E du brûleur de la figure 1;
  • la figure 4 est une représentation de deux orifices convergents;
  • la figure 5 représente une disposition possible sur un plan de cuisson d'un deuxième type possible de brûleur selon l'invention;
  • la figure 6 représente un troisième type possible de brûleur selon l'invention;
  • la figure 7 représente une variante possible du premier type de brûleur représenté à la figure 1.
Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below, relating to nonlimiting examples. In the accompanying drawings:
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of a first possible type of burner according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a view along F, partial and in perspective, of the burner of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic and partial section of a possible burner according to the invention, which can be a section along EE of the burner of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a representation of two converging orifices;
  • FIG. 5 represents a possible arrangement on a cooking surface of a second possible type of burner according to the invention;
  • FIG. 6 represents a third possible type of burner according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7 represents a possible variant of the first type of burner shown in FIG. 1.

Le brûleur à gaz 1 comprend un injecteur de gaz 5, une chambre de mélange 2, une chambre de convergence 3 formée verticalement dans un corps 4 du brûleur, une chambre de divergence 6 qui s'étend radialement entre le corps et un couvercle 7, puis une chambre de recompression 8 ceinte par une paroi périphérique 9. La paroi périphérique est percée d'orifices d'éjection 11, ici réalisés sous forme de créneaux ménagés dans la partie supérieure de la paroi périphérique. Le couvercle 7 délimite supérieurement ces orifices, qui sont reliés entre eux par des canaux de flammes 12 ménagés entre le bord supérieur de la paroi périphérique et le couvercle. Un venturi (3,6) est formé par l'association d'une chambre de convergence 3 et d'une chambre de divergence 6, séparées par un col 31.The gas burner 1 comprises a gas injector 5, a chamber mixture 2, a convergence chamber 3 formed vertically in a body 4 of the burner, a divergence chamber 6 which extends radially between the body and a cover 7, then a recompression chamber 8 surrounded by a peripheral wall 9. The peripheral wall is pierced ejection orifices 11, here produced in the form of slots provided in the upper part of the peripheral wall. The cover 7 delimits above these orifices, which are interconnected by channels of flames 12 formed between the upper edge of the peripheral wall and the lid. A venturi (3,6) is formed by the association of a convergence 3 and a divergence chamber 6, separated by a neck 31.

Le gaz amené par l'injecteur 5 est propulsé à l'intérieur de la chambre de mélange 2 selon la direction G, sensiblement dans un axe vertical Z de la chambre de convergence. Dans la chambre de mélange, le gaz commence à se mélanger avec l'air, dit "primaire", venant selon la direction H. Le mélange primaire ainsi obtenu passe au travers du venturi pour être recomprimé dans la chambre de recompression 8. La majeure partie du mélange primaire est alors éjectée au travers des orifices d'éjection 11, l'autre partie est éjectée au travers des canaux 12.The gas supplied by the injector 5 is propelled inside the chamber 2 in the direction G, substantially in a vertical axis Z of the convergence chamber. In the mixing chamber, the gas begins to mix with the air, called "primary", coming in the direction H. The primary mixture thus obtained passes through the venturi to be recompressed in recompression chamber 8. Most of the the primary mixture is then ejected through the ejection orifices 11, the other part is ejected through channels 12.

Un récipient 14 peut être posé au-dessus du brûleur sur une grille 15, grille dont seules les extrémités 16 sont représentées. Le récipient 14 est symbolisé en traits pointillés à la figure 5.A container 14 can be placed above the burner on a grid 15, grid of which only the ends 16 are shown. The container 14 is symbolized by dotted lines in Figure 5.

Afin d'augmenter sensiblement la surface du contact entre les flammes 13 et le fond du récipient, donc la surface d'échange thermique, on donne à la paroi périphérique la forme d'une couronne non-circulaire. Ainsi, le périmètre défini par la paroi périphérique est relativement grand par rapport au diamètre minimum du récipient 14 que ce brûleur peut chauffer efficacement. Suivant l'invention, l'axe d'éjection Xc d'un premier orifice 11c diverge de l'axe d'éjection Xd d'un second orifice 11d le plus proche du premier orifice Xc en formant un angle V. Ainsi, les flammes voisines divergent les unes par rapport aux autres, et chaque flamme dispose d'un volume suffisant malgré la longueur de la paroi périphérique qui est relativement grande par rapport au périmètre du cercle circonscrit 21. Dans l'exemple des figures 1, 6 et 7, la paroi périphérique 9 est formée de quatre lobes 17, chacun formé par un segment convexe de la paroi périphérique, séparés par des segments concaves 18. Dans l'exemple de la figure 5 la paroi périphérique ne comporte qu'un seul segment concave.In order to significantly increase the contact area between the flames 13 and the bottom of the container, therefore the heat exchange surface, the peripheral wall has the shape of a non-circular crown. So the perimeter defined by the peripheral wall is relatively large compared the minimum diameter of the container 14 that this burner can heat effectively. According to the invention, the ejection axis Xc of a first orifice 11c diverges from the ejection axis Xd from a second orifice 11d closest to the first orifice Xc at an angle V. Thus, the neighboring flames diverge from each other, and each flame has a sufficient volume despite the length of the peripheral wall which is relatively large compared to the perimeter of the circumscribed circle 21. In the example of Figures 1, 6 and 7, the peripheral wall 9 is formed of four lobes 17, each formed by a convex segment of the peripheral wall, separated by concave segments 18. In the example of Figure 5 the peripheral wall has only one concave segment.

La forme convexe des lobes 17 permet, en particulier, de faire diverger deux orifices percés dans un même segment convexe et formant localement, c'est à dire en leur lieu de percement, un même angle avec la paroi périphérique. Ainsi, des flammes issues de ces orifices divergent aussi, augmentant le volume d'air secondaire disponible pour leur combustion, donc le rendement du brûleur. Cela permet aussi, avec des orifices divergents de diamètres sensiblement identiques ayant un parcours similaire au travers de la paroi, de garantir des chutes de pression sensiblement identiques au travers de chacun de ces orifices.The convex shape of the lobes 17 allows, in particular, to diverge two holes drilled in the same convex segment and forming locally, i.e. in their place of drilling, at the same angle with the peripheral wall. So flames from these holes also diverge, increasing the volume of secondary air available for their combustion, therefore the efficiency of the burner. This also allows, with orifices diverging substantially identical diameters having a similar route through the wall, to guarantee pressure drops substantially identical through each of these orifices.

Afin d'améliorer encore la combustion, pour le brûleur de la figure 1, la chambre de divergence 6 du venturi est prolongée radialement au-delà des segments concaves 18 de la paroi périphérique, contrairement à celles des brûleurs des figures 5 à 7. En effet, la prolongation de la chambre de divergence permet d'obtenir un venturi plus performant.In order to further improve combustion, for the burner in FIG. 1, the divergence chamber 6 of the venturi is extended radially beyond the concave segments 18 of the peripheral wall, unlike those of burners of Figures 5 to 7. Indeed, the extension of the divergence makes it possible to obtain a more efficient venturi.

Il est important de ménager entre la chambre de divergence et les orifices d'éjection une chambre de recompression suffisante. Sans cela, le mélange primaire est éjecté à une trop grande vitesse, ce qui risque de provoquer le décollement de la flamme qui en est issue et son extinction.It is important to make room between the divergence chamber and the ejection ports a sufficient recompression chamber. Otherwise, the primary mixture is ejected at too high a speed, which could cause detachment of the flame which results therefrom and its extinction.

Au contraire, le mélange primaire éjecté d'un orifice trop éloigné de la chambre de divergence a une vitesse trop faible. Ainsi, la flamme qui en est issue est trop courte et le volume qu'elle occupe pour sa combustion trop faible, c'est à dire que le volume de mélange avec l'air secondaire est trop faible pour assurer une bonne combustion.On the contrary, the primary mixture ejected from an orifice too far from the divergence chamber at too low a speed. So the flame that is issue is too short and the volume it occupies for its combustion too low, i.e. the volume of mixture with secondary air is too low low to ensure good combustion.

Pour cela on a aussi choisi de prolonger d'autant plus la chambre de divergence que la paroi périphérique s'en éloigne, sauf dans les zones de raccordement 30, radialement proches de l'axe Z, où la chambre de divergence 6 s'étend jusqu'à la paroi la paroi périphérique 9. Ainsi, pour chacun des orifices du brûleur de la figure 1, pour un trajet direct L1,L2 du gaz entre le col 31 du venturi et l'orifice comprenant un trajet partiel L1 parcouru dans la chambre de divergence et un trajet partiel L2 parcouru dans la chambre de recompression, les deux trajets partiels sont chacun plus long lorsque le trajet direct est plus long.For this, we also chose to extend the room even more divergence as the peripheral wall moves away from it, except in the areas of connection 30, radially close to the Z axis, where the divergence 6 extends to the wall the peripheral wall 9. Thus, for each of the burner orifices in FIG. 1, for a direct path L1, L2 from the gas between the neck 31 of the venturi and the orifice comprising a partial path L1 traveled in the divergence chamber and a partial path L2 traveled in the recompression chamber, the two partial paths are each longer when the direct path is longer.

Il faut réserver une place suffisante à la chambre de divergence et à la chambre de recompression afin de garantir un fonctionnement optimal du brûleur. On a donc choisi de réaliser des brûleurs dont le rapport entre le rayon du cercle circonscrit 21 et celui d'un cercle concentrique 32, inscrit dans la paroi périphérique, est préférablement inférieur à trois.Sufficient space must be reserved for the divergence chamber and the recompression chamber to guarantee optimal operation of the burner. We therefore chose to produce burners whose ratio between the radius of the circumscribed circle 21 and that of a concentric circle 32, inscribed in the peripheral wall, is preferably less than three.

Pour protéger la grille des effets de la combustion, par exemple des risques de catalyse d'un revêtement émaillé de cette grille, des segments neutralisés 20 ne comportant pas d'orifice d'éjection, sont ménagés le long de la paroi périphérique à proximité de la grille. Les segments neutralisés 20 occupent une partie des zones concaves 18 là où un nombre excessif d'orifices pourrait aboutir à des interférences entre les flammes. Ces segments neutralisés 20 sont délimités par une paire d'orifices 11a, 11b qui ne sont pas voisins au sens de l'invention. Les axes d'éjection Xa, Xb de ces orifices peuvent être légèrement convergents. Cette disposition permet aux flammes issues de ces orifices de converger. On assure ainsi un chauffage sensiblement régulier de la périphérie d'un récipient tout en ménageant entre ces flammes une zone, au voisinage de la grille, où la combustion est sensiblement réduite.To protect the grate from the effects of combustion, for example risks of catalysis of an enamel coating of this grid, segments neutralized 20 having no ejection orifice, are formed along of the peripheral wall near the grid. Neutralized segments 20 occupy part of the concave zones 18 where an excessive number orifices could result in interference between the flames. These neutralized segments 20 are delimited by a pair of orifices 11a, 11b which are not neighbors within the meaning of the invention. The ejection axes Xa, Xb of these orifices may be slightly convergent. This provision allows flames from these orifices to converge. This ensures a substantially regular heating of the periphery of a container while leaving an area between these flames, near the grid, where the combustion is significantly reduced.

Les orifices d'éjection du brûleur de la figure 7 sont disposés pour que leur axe d'éjection X forme, au point de sortie de chacun des orifices, un angle W inférieur à 90° avec la tangente T à la paroi périphérique.The burner ejection ports of Figure 7 are arranged so that their ejection axis X forms, at the point of exit of each of the orifices, a angle W less than 90 ° with the tangent T to the peripheral wall.

Comme d'autres brûleurs de l'art antérieur, les brûleurs selon l'invention peuvent être de plusieurs dimensions et de formes sensiblement homothétiques. Chaque dimension correspond à une puissance donnée, un brûleur auxiliaire 1a est de faible puissance, un brûleur semi-rapide 1b est de puissance moyenne, un brûleur rapide 1c est de forte puissance. Les brûleurs 1a, 1b, 1c représentés à la figure 5 sont intégrés à un plan de travail 19, qui peut être encastrable ou partie d'un appareil de cuisson. Ils sont disposés de telle façon que l'on passe de l'un à son voisin en outre par une rotation d'angle R = 90°.Like other burners of the prior art, the burners according to the invention can be of several dimensions and shapes substantially homothetic. Each dimension corresponds to a given power, a auxiliary burner 1a is of low power, a semi-rapid burner 1b is medium power, a fast burner 1c is high power. The burners 1a, 1b, 1c shown in Figure 5 are integrated into a work plan 19, which can be built-in or part of a cooking appliance. They are arranged in such a way that one passes from one to its neighbor further by a angle rotation R = 90 °.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés. En particulier, les équipements du brûleur, tels les chambres de mélange de recompression où le venturi, peuvent être différents ou disposés différemment; le venturi peut, par exemple, comprendre une chambre de divergence verticale au lieu de radiale. Les orifices d'éjection peuvent former des créneaux en partie basse de la paroi périphérique ou être percés sur le flanc de celui-ci. L'axe d'éjection peut ne pas être dans un plan horizontal.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described and represented. In particular, the burner equipment, such as the recompression mixture where the venturi, can be different or arranged differently; the venturi may, for example, include a vertical divergence instead of radial. Ejection ports may form slots in the lower part of the peripheral wall or be drilled on the flank of it. The ejection axis may not be in a horizontal plane.

La paroi périphérique peut ne pas comporter de segment concave, par exemple s'il a la forme générale d'un carré. L'angle des orifices d'éjection avec la tangente à la paroi périphérique peut être variable le long cette paroi.The peripheral wall may not have a concave segment, for example example if it has the general shape of a square. The angle of the ejection ports with the tangent to the peripheral wall can be variable along this wall.

Le brûleur selon l'invention peut bien entendu comporter des accessoires non représentés tels qu'un dispositif d'allumage automatique ou un thermocouple pour vérifier que le mélange primaire est effectivement en cours de combustion.The burner according to the invention can of course include accessories not shown such as an automatic ignition device or a thermocouple to verify that the primary mixture is actually in burning course.

Claims (19)

Brûleur comprenant une paroi périphérique (9) non circulaire traversée par des orifices (11) pour éjecter un mélange gazeux primaire suivant un axe d'éjection (X,Xa,Xb,Xc,Xd) associé à chaque orifice (11,11a,11b,11c,11d),
   caractérisé en ce que lesdits orifices (11) sont agencés pour que l'axe d'éjection (Xc) d'un quelconque premier orifice (11c) diverge de l'axe d'éjection (Xd) d'un second orifice (11d) le plus proche du premier orifice (11c).Burner comprising a non-circular peripheral wall (9) traversed by orifices (11) for ejecting a primary gas mixture along an ejection axis (X, Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd) associated with each orifice (11,11a, 11b , 11c, 11d),
characterized in that said orifices (11) are arranged so that the ejection axis (Xc) of any first orifice (11c) diverges from the ejection axis (Xd) of a second orifice (11d) closest to the first orifice (11c). Brûleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le mélange gazeux primaire est acheminé à travers un venturi (3,6) comprenant une chambre de divergence (6), caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de divergence est radiale.Burner according to claim 1, in which the primary gas mixture is conveyed through a venturi (3,6) comprising a divergence chamber (6), characterized in that said divergence chamber is radial. Brûleur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le mélange gazeux primaire est acheminé à travers la chambre de divergence (6) depuis un col (31), jusqu'à une chambre de recompression (8) ceinte par la paroi périphérique (9), et dans lequel un trajet direct (L1,L2) du gaz entre le col (31) du venturi et un orifice comprend un trajet partiel (L1) parcouru dans la chambre de divergence et un trajet partiel (L2) parcouru dans la chambre de recompression (8), caractérisé en ce que lesdits deux trajets partiels (L1,L2) sont chacun plus long lorsque le trajet direct est plus long.Burner according to claim 2, in which the primary gas mixture is conveyed through the divergence chamber (6) from a neck (31), to a recompression chamber (8) surrounded by the peripheral wall (9), and in which a direct path (L1, L2) of the gas between the neck (31) of the venturi and an orifice comprises a partial path (L1) traversed in the divergence chamber and a partial path (L2) traversed in the recompression chamber ( 8), characterized in that said two partial paths (L1, L2) are each longer when the direct path is longer. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre le rayon d'un cercle (21) circonscrit à la paroi périphérique et le rayon d'un cercle (32) inscrit dans ladite paroi, est inférieur à trois.Burner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ratio between the radius of a circle (21) circumscribed at the peripheral wall and the radius of a circle (32) inscribed in said wall, is less than three. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la paroi périphérique comprend au moins un segment neutralisé (20).Burner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the peripheral wall comprises at least one neutralized segment (20). Brûleur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de divergence est prolongée jusqu'à au moins un segment neutralisé (20) de la paroi périphérique (9).Burner according to claim 5, characterized in that the divergence chamber is extended to at least one neutralized segment (20) of the peripheral wall (9). Brûleur selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les orifices (X) comprennent au moins une paire d'orifices d'éjection (Xa,Xb) successifs légèrement convergents séparés par un segment neutralisé (20). Burner according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the orifices (X) comprise at least one pair of successive slightly convergent ejection orifices (Xa, Xb) separated by a neutralized segment (20). Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la paroi périphérique (9) est partiellement concave.Burner according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the peripheral wall (9) is partially concave. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un segment neutralisé (20) occupe une partie concave (18) de la paroi périphérique (9).Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one neutralized segment (20) occupies a concave part (18) of the peripheral wall (9). Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce que la paroi périphérique (9) comprend au moins un segment convexe.Burner according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that the peripheral wall (9) comprises at least one convex segment. Brûleur selon la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce qu'une majorité des orifices d'éjection traverse un segment convexe de la paroi périphérique.Burner according to claim 10 characterized in that a majority of the ejection orifices crosses a convex segment of the peripheral wall. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 caractérisé en ce qu'aucun axe d'éjection (X) n'est orienté vers la paroi périphérique (9).Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that no ejection axis (X) is oriented towards the peripheral wall (9). Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 caractérisé en ce que la paroi périphérique (9) est agencée pour pouvoir être atteinte en tout lieu de sa périphérie par au moins un doigt d'une main, en particulier pour le nettoyage.Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the peripheral wall (9) is arranged so that it can be reached anywhere around its periphery by at least one finger of one hand, in particular for cleaning. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un parmi les orifices d'éjection (11) est relié à au moins un orifice d'éjection (11) voisin par un canal de flammes (12).Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the ejection orifices (11) is connected to at least one adjacent ejection orifice (11) by a flame channel (12). Brûleur selon la revendication 14 caractérisé en ce que tous les orifices d'éjection (11) sont reliés entre eux par un canal de flammes (12).Burner according to Claim 14, characterized in that all the ejection orifices (11) are interconnected by a flame channel (12). Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15 caractérisé en ce que les axes d'éjection (X) sont inclinés dans un même sens par rapport à la zone de la paroi périphérique dont ils sont respectivement issus.Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the ejection axes (X) are inclined in the same direction relative to the zone of the peripheral wall from which they respectively originate. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16 caractérisé en ce qu'il est tous gaz.Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it is all gas. Appareil de cuisson utilisant au moins un brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Cooking appliance using at least one burner according to one any of the preceding claims. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que les brûleurs selon l'invention sont agencés dans des orientations différentes les unes des autres autour de leur axe vertical respectif.Cooking appliance according to claim 18, characterized in that the burners according to the invention are arranged in different orientations from each other around their respective vertical axis.
EP01402549A 2000-10-03 2001-10-03 Gas burner and cooking appliance using such burner Revoked EP1195556B1 (en)

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FR0012619 2000-10-03
FR0012619A FR2814795B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2000-10-03 GAS BURNER AND COOKING APPARATUS USING SUCH BURNER
CA002412117A CA2412117A1 (en) 2000-10-03 2002-11-20 Gas burner and cooking device that uses such a burner

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EP1195556B1 EP1195556B1 (en) 2006-08-23

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EP (1) EP1195556B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE337524T1 (en)
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CA2412117A1 (en) 2004-05-20
ES2269326T3 (en) 2007-04-01
FR2814795B1 (en) 2005-10-21
DE60122447T2 (en) 2007-05-24
FR2814795A1 (en) 2002-04-05
ATE337524T1 (en) 2006-09-15
US6655954B2 (en) 2003-12-02
US20020039713A1 (en) 2002-04-04
EP1195556B1 (en) 2006-08-23
DE60122447D1 (en) 2006-10-05

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