EP1186346A1 - Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten - Google Patents

Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1186346A1
EP1186346A1 EP00810799A EP00810799A EP1186346A1 EP 1186346 A1 EP1186346 A1 EP 1186346A1 EP 00810799 A EP00810799 A EP 00810799A EP 00810799 A EP00810799 A EP 00810799A EP 1186346 A1 EP1186346 A1 EP 1186346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
separation
enclosure
plasma
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00810799A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Denis Rochat
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP00810799A priority Critical patent/EP1186346A1/de
Priority to AU2001280019A priority patent/AU2001280019A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2001/001571 priority patent/WO2002020165A1/fr
Priority to EP01958299A priority patent/EP1315572A1/de
Publication of EP1186346A1 publication Critical patent/EP1186346A1/de
Priority to US10/379,865 priority patent/US20030166445A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0442—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0442—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
    • B04B2005/045—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation having annular separation channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotary enclosure for separating components of sizes and / or different specific masses, rich blood or plasma in platelets, comprising a channel following a curvature general concave with respect to the axis of rotation of this enclosure, along which there is a feed opening blood or plasma and at least two openings for the evacuation of said separate components, means for circulating said liquid from the feed opening evacuation openings and means to drive this rotating enclosure, in order to apply to the blood or plasma to be separated from radial forces to sediment said solid particles against the outer side wall of said channel.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the purity of platelets obtained with a low device volume, light enough to be transportable, relatively low cost as well as regards the machine itself as the consumables and likely to process the blood at a relatively high rate.
  • the present invention relates to an enclosure rotary for continuous separation of components, of different sizes and / or specific masses, of blood or platelet-rich plasma, as defined by claim 1.
  • the separation enclosure according to the invention is shaped to take advantage of the communicated trajectory difference to solid particles of specific masses, but especially of different sizes, resulting from the combination of radial centrifugal forces induced by the communicated rotation to the separation enclosure and the tangential force, communicated by the flow of platelet-rich plasma in the generally concave separation channel relative to the center of rotation of the separation enclosure.
  • the centrifugation speed being combined with a tangential force resulting from the flow velocity of the plasma in the centrifuge channel, the trajectories respective particles of significantly different sizes will also be very different. Platelets small sizes will thus have a lot of trajectories longer, influenced by the tangential component, while significantly larger white blood cells large have shorter trajectories, more influenced by the radial component.
  • the platelet-rich plasma considered here results from a first separation of whole blood (WB). During this separation, most of the white blood cells (WBC) is already separated from the blood with red blood cells (RBC) and only the smallest white blood cells and lighter remain in platelet rich plasma (PRP).
  • WB whole blood
  • RBC red blood cells
  • PRP platelet rich plasma
  • the centrifuge illustrated very schematically by the Figure 1 and on which the separation enclosure 1 according to the invention is used and which is a disposable enclosure, preferably a rigid transparent plastic, hemocompatible, has a motor M to drive the enclosure separation in rotation around its axis of rotation 2.
  • This separation enclosure is connected to the outside by at least three conduits 3, 4, 5, connected to the separation enclosure 1 in the vicinity of its axis of rotation 2.
  • One 3 of these conduits is intended to be connected to a donor through a peristaltic pump 6.
  • a another 4 of these conduits is intended to return to the donor the blood from which the platelets are removed and the third 5 is intended to carry the platelets in a pocket which will be transfused to the recipient.
  • the circulation in the various conduits 3, 4, 5 is provided by the single pump 6.
  • the three conduits 3, 4, 5, communicate respectively with three channels radials 7, 8, 9 which end in a separation channel in the form of an annular chamber 10.
  • the section of this separation channel is rectangular, so that two opposite faces form the side faces internal, respectively external of the separation channel and are parallel to the axis of rotation 2 of the enclosure separation 1.
  • the radial channel 7 opens into this chamber annular 10 near its internal lateral face.
  • the radial channel 8 is adjacent to the radial channel 7 and opens near the external lateral face of the annular chamber 10.
  • the radial channel 9 is extended by a conduit 9a up to near the external lateral face of the chamber annular 10, a radial partition 12 extending the channel radial 8 in the annular chamber 10, separates the outlet of the red blood cells through the radial channel 8 of that of the platelets by the radial channel 9.
  • This radial partition 12 also allows the two ends of the channel to be separated separation formed by the annular chamber 10, so that the right side of this partition (figure 2) corresponds to the upstream end of this separation channel, while the left side of this partition constitutes the downstream end of this separation channel.
  • a communication opening 13 adjacent to the internal lateral face of the annular chamber 10 is formed through the radial partition 12 to allow evacuation of the plasma by the same radial channel 8 and therefore via the same conduit 5 as the red blood cells.
  • the annular chamber 10 forming the blood separation channel has two parts arranged one after the other.
  • the first part 14 extends over approximately 1 ⁇ 4 of the circumference from the arrival of the blood by the radial channel 7.
  • This first part 14 is used to separate the densest particles, that is to say, the globules red RBC in whole and a large part of the WBC white blood cells of the plasma rich in platelets PRP, under the effect of the centrifugal force induced by the rotation of the separation enclosure 1 around its axis of rotation 2.
  • these particles are pushed against the external lateral face of this part 14 of the annular chamber 10 and exit through the radial channel 8 and the conduit 4.
  • This second part 15 which extends over approximately 3 ⁇ 4 of the annular chamber 10, serves to separate the plates Plt of plasma. It’s basically this second part to which the present invention relates. As we already have explained, given the appreciable difference in size between white blood cells and platelets and although the densities of these particles are close, their trajectories, under the combined effect of the radial force due to the force centrifugal and tangential force due to the speed of plasma flow, differ very significantly from one of the other.
  • the side wall external of the second part 15 of the annular chamber 10 comprises a succession of recesses 16 which have, in this example, the approximate shape of right triangles including one side of the right angle is oriented radially by relative to the axis of rotation 2 of the separation enclosure 1 and the second side of the right angle forms the opening of the recess 16, while the hypotenuse connects the bottom of this recess 16, i.e. the most radially distant part of the center of rotation 2 of the separation enclosure 1, on the radially oriented side of the next recess 16, in considering the direction F of the flow of plasma rich in PRP platelets in the annular chamber 10.
  • hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the recesses 16 has a slight concave curvature.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are intended to explain the principle ballistics on which the invention is based to allow separation of white blood cells from platelets by successive trapping of white blood cells and storage of these white blood cells which will therefore remain in the separation chamber 1 once the separation process is complete and who will be eliminated with this disposable separation enclosure.
  • Figure 3 shows some recesses 16 of the part 15 of the annular chamber 10. This portion of the chamber is shown straight and not curved, which does not change nothing for the ballistic explanation.
  • the arrow Fc represents the direction of the centrifugal force applied to the globules white WBC and Ft represents the direction of the tangential force applied to these same white blood cells.
  • Figure 3 shows two extreme cases, one where the particle WBC is close to the inner side of the room annular 10, the other where the WBC particle is close to the intersection between the radial face of a recess and the hypotenuse of the adjacent recess which constitutes the point of the external lateral face of part 15 of the chamber annular 10 which is closest to the center of rotation 2.
  • the case where the WBC particles are closest to the face internal lateral of the annular chamber 10 is the least favorable for trapping these particles in the recesses. In this case, the smaller the particle size, the less the chances of trapping her great.
  • the centrifugal force Fc will modify the trajectory of this particle compared to the initial trajectory a , by shortening it for example according to the trajectory a1 or according to the trajectory a2.
  • the particle falls on a place of the hypotenuse of the next recess 16 where it is practically not found more under the influence of plasma flow and is only subjected to the centrifugal force which makes it "descend" towards the bottom of the recess 16.
  • this trajectory is more influenced by the centrifugal force Fc, so that it is shorter and the particle falls on the hypotenuse of the recess 16 more near the bottom of this recess, so that it has every chance of being brought to the bottom of this recess 16 by centrifugal force.
  • FIG. 4 shows the different possible trajectories of two Plt plates entering the second part 15 of the annular separation chamber at two radial distances from the center of rotation 2 of the centrifugation chamber 1.
  • the Plt particle which enters with the weakest radial distance follows a trajectory c whose radial distance to the center of rotation 2 increases very slowly. This is the most favorable case.
  • the trajectory tends to shorten and this takes, for example, the appearance of the trajectory d which does not allow the particle Plt to cross the entire angular distance from the opening of the recess 16, so that it falls on the hypotenuse of the recess 16 in the shape of a right triangle. Since its size is smaller than that of the white blood cell along the trajectory a illustrated in Figure 3, the centrifugal force exerted on it is smaller and will less brake the movement of this particle under the influence of the force tangential Ft.
  • the trajectory d1 will be longer than that a1 of the WBC particle in FIG. 3.
  • This particle Plt can thus, by a succession of relatively long trajectories, jump from one recess 16 to the next, until near the last recesses 16 of part 15 of the annular chamber 10.
  • Some pads may reach a compartment evacuation 17 from the separation chamber, the external lateral face is circular and concentric with the axis of rotation 2 of the separation enclosure 1, towards from which they are pushed. These platelets then enter the conduit 9a opening near this lateral face external of the evacuation compartment 17. Plt plates which are trapped in recesses 16 of the second half of the second part 15 of the annular chamber 10, protrude of these recesses when these are full and pass successively from one recess 16 to the next, until that they reach evacuation compartment 17.
  • WBC white blood cells take the place of Plt platelets in the recesses 16 where there are the two types of particles, so the wafers are driven out of the recess in the recess 16 as far as the evacuation compartment 17, where they are held by centrifugal force towards the external side wall of the evacuation compartment 17 and driven by the flow of plasma in the opening of the conduit 9a extending channel 9 to near the outer side wall of compartment 17 where the pads are concentrated.
  • plasma which has a lower density than platelets, it is evacuated through the communication opening 13 through the red blood cell discharge channel.
  • This provision has the significant advantage of removing a conduit which is not necessary since all blood components except platelets are returned to the donor.
  • the dimensioning of the recesses 16 must obey two criteria. One of these criteria is that the total volume of these recesses must be at least equal to the volume of globule blanks to be separated from plasma after separation of cells red and most of the white blood cells in the first part 14 of the annular chamber 10. This volume for a platelet collection session from a donor is around 8 ml.
  • the second criterion is function of the respective trajectories of white blood cells WBC and Plt platelets. These trajectories are a function of the centrifugal force Fc applied to the liquid to be separated and the tangential force Ft which is a function of the speed liquid flow in the annular chamber 10, itself function of the blood supply pressure by the feed pump 6 and pressure losses in the ducts. When these parameters have been determined, we can choose the angular dimension of the opening of the recesses 16 or that of the triangle hypotenuse formed by the recess 16 which, in this case, are equal.
  • the separation systems of the prior art are based on a principle of static sedimentation, slow and weakly selective given the small difference in density between the particles to be separated, especially between white blood cells, platelets and plasma
  • the present invention uses the ballistics of the trajectories induced by the centrifugal force and by the tangential force due to the flow of the plasma and strongly dependent on the size of the particles, since the radius of the particles is squared in the sedimentation formula.
  • the size of the largest platelets is 4 ⁇ m, while that of the smallest white blood cells is 7 ⁇ m, so that once the rays of these particles are squared, the multiplying factor between them is 3, giving therefore centrifugation speeds at least three times higher, while the differences in densities are only 0.03 kg / dm 3 .
  • the particle separation speed and selectivity are significantly improved compared to based separators on static principles.
  • the particles to be separated move along trajectories comparable to those represented by Figures 3 and 4, since the blood to be separated is subjected to centrifugal force as it flows through a channel of concave shape with respect to the center of rotation of this channel. Therefore, the particles to be separated are also subjected to a tangential force due to the speed of the flow and their respective trajectories are comparable to that illustrated by Figures 3 and 4.
  • the separation channel in the absence traps along the outer side wall of the separation channel, we cannot take advantage of the properties ballistics of particles subjected to these forces, the separation then being based only on differences in densities.
  • FIG. 5 shows how you can use the main features of the present invention in known separation devices.
  • a conduit 21 is used for the evacuation of red blood cells, while another conduit 22 connects the end of the internal lateral face of the first separation channel 20 to a second separation channel 23, as well as to a plasma discharge duct 26.
  • a series of recesses 24 for trapping white blood cells is arranged between the inlet of channel 23 and an outlet opening 25 for the evacuation of platelets, the remaining plasma being able return to exhaust 26 by the second half 23a of the second separation channel 23.
  • the globules white animals not separated with red blood cells can therefore be trapped in the recesses 24.
  • the variant illustrated in FIG. 6 relates to a separation channel 27 in the form of a progressive spiral intended to be driven around an axis of rotation 28.
  • a entry 29 for whole blood is arranged along the canal separation 27, an outlet 30 is located at the end of the spiral channel 27 furthest radially from the center of rotation 28 and makes it possible to evacuate the red blood cells.
  • a second exit 31 located between entry 29 and the end radially closest to the axis of rotation 28 is intended to evacuate the platelets.
  • a third outing 32 located at the end radially closest to the center of rotation 28 is used for the evacuation of the plasma.
  • a series of recesses 33 is provided on the external lateral face of the channel in spiral 27.
  • These recesses 33 are for example of triangular shape, like those of the previous forms of executions and also serve to trap the particles to be separated according trajectories of these particles linked to their volumes respectively, as explained above.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a final embodiment in which recesses 34 are formed on the lateral face external of a platelet separation channel 35.
  • the separation enclosure according to the invention is more particularly, although not exclusively, intended for the continuous separation of leukoreduced platelets.

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  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
EP00810799A 2000-09-05 2000-09-05 Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten Withdrawn EP1186346A1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00810799A EP1186346A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2000-09-05 Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten
AU2001280019A AU2001280019A1 (en) 2000-09-05 2001-08-30 Rotary chamber for separating blood or plasma constituents
PCT/IB2001/001571 WO2002020165A1 (fr) 2000-09-05 2001-08-30 Enceinte rotative pour la separation de composants du sang ou du plasma
EP01958299A EP1315572A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2001-08-30 Zentrifugenbehälter für die trennung von blut- oder plasmakomponenten
US10/379,865 US20030166445A1 (en) 2000-09-05 2003-03-04 Rotatable chamber for separating blood or plasma components

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00810799A EP1186346A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2000-09-05 Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1186346A1 true EP1186346A1 (de) 2002-03-13

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00810799A Withdrawn EP1186346A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2000-09-05 Rotorkammer zur Trennung von Blut- oder Plasmakomponenten
EP01958299A Withdrawn EP1315572A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2001-08-30 Zentrifugenbehälter für die trennung von blut- oder plasmakomponenten

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01958299A Withdrawn EP1315572A1 (de) 2000-09-05 2001-08-30 Zentrifugenbehälter für die trennung von blut- oder plasmakomponenten

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US (1) US20030166445A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1186346A1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001280019A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002020165A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7473216B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2009-01-06 Fresenius Hemocare Deutschland Gmbh Apparatus for separation of a fluid with a separation channel having a mixer component
US8338319B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2012-12-25 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Composition for high performance glass fibers and fibers formed therewith
EP1795894A1 (de) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-13 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Plasmatrennung auf einer plattenähnlichen Vorrichtung
JP5164172B2 (ja) * 2009-03-11 2013-03-13 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 粒子分離装置および分離方法
US9327296B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2016-05-03 Fenwal, Inc. Fluid separation chambers for fluid processing systems
US10207044B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2019-02-19 Fenwal, Inc. Five-port blood separation chamber and methods of using the same
CN109876495B (zh) * 2019-03-27 2024-03-19 刘忠英 一种成分分离装置
DE102020103453A1 (de) * 2020-02-11 2021-08-12 Split Oil UG Zentrifuge und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Zentrifuge

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982691A (en) * 1974-10-09 1976-09-28 Schlutz Charles A Centrifuge separation and washing device and method
US4091989A (en) * 1977-01-04 1978-05-30 Schlutz Charles A Continuous flow fractionation and separation device and method
US4230264A (en) * 1978-02-17 1980-10-28 Akira Okumura Method and apparatus for centrifugal separation of components of solution
US5759147A (en) * 1977-08-12 1998-06-02 Baxter International Inc. Blood separation chamber
EP0985453A1 (de) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-15 Fresenius AG Zentrifugenkammer für einen Zellseparator
US6053856A (en) * 1995-04-18 2000-04-25 Cobe Laboratories Tubing set apparatus and method for separation of fluid components

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982691A (en) * 1974-10-09 1976-09-28 Schlutz Charles A Centrifuge separation and washing device and method
US4091989A (en) * 1977-01-04 1978-05-30 Schlutz Charles A Continuous flow fractionation and separation device and method
US5759147A (en) * 1977-08-12 1998-06-02 Baxter International Inc. Blood separation chamber
US4230264A (en) * 1978-02-17 1980-10-28 Akira Okumura Method and apparatus for centrifugal separation of components of solution
US6053856A (en) * 1995-04-18 2000-04-25 Cobe Laboratories Tubing set apparatus and method for separation of fluid components
EP0985453A1 (de) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-15 Fresenius AG Zentrifugenkammer für einen Zellseparator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030166445A1 (en) 2003-09-04
AU2001280019A1 (en) 2002-03-22
EP1315572A1 (de) 2003-06-04
WO2002020165A1 (fr) 2002-03-14

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