EP1171252A1 - Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1171252A1 EP1171252A1 EP00914010A EP00914010A EP1171252A1 EP 1171252 A1 EP1171252 A1 EP 1171252A1 EP 00914010 A EP00914010 A EP 00914010A EP 00914010 A EP00914010 A EP 00914010A EP 1171252 A1 EP1171252 A1 EP 1171252A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- forming
- heat
- temperature
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
- B21J9/08—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses equipped with devices for heating the work-piece
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the deformability of a material is therefore understood to mean the maximum change in shape that it can endure without breaking.
- This ability to change shape is characterized by the change in fracture shape or by the tensile strength values determined from tensile tests such as elongation at break and constriction.
- the fracture shape change is determined in model tests, tensile, compression or torsion tests, whereby the fracture shape change basically corresponds to the logarithmic elongation at break. Proceeding from this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which enables the degrees of deformation to be increased without the workpiece quality suffering as a result.
- the dimensional accuracy and surface quality should correspond to that of cold forming.
- the method should allow, in connection with subsequent operations, to switch off, simplify or reduce the cost of individual method steps, such as re-pressing, hardening, polishing, cutting or cutting etc.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the deformation capacity is not a pure material property but also depends on the process conditions.
- the cold forming or its resulting hardening can be influenced in a targeted manner Temperature curve on the workpiece can be optimized.
- the heat treatment before, during and after the transverse extrusion can be carried out using means known per se, such as induction heating, flame or laser.
- the preheating of the workpiece can be carried out inductively, while the targeted introduction of process heat on the press takes place by means of a laser beam of high energy that is guided in a timely and targeted manner.
- Inductive heating is particularly advantageous in the case of rotationally symmetrical components which are subjected to a later turning and / or grinding operation.
- the depth of penetration of the heat can be set very precisely by time-dependent control of the frequency of the induction current, so that the transition areas between cold and hot forming can be clearly delimited, cf. Claim 5.- This allows the desired temperature profile to be specified.
- the heat dissipation can also be controlled by cooled grippers etc. Cooling by water has been preserved; however, it can also be supplemented by subsequent air cooling so that the press is dry when the press is removed. Similar means could be used for further processing of the compact in further process stages, which among other things would considerably improve the throughput time and the energy costs.
- Fig. 4 shows the implementation of simultaneous cold and hot forming on a hydraulic press, shown m the process steps I - IV and
- Fig. 5 shows an inventive device for controlled heating of the blank.
- a blank 100 is heated in its central region 40 by a heat source 30 above its recrystallization temperature. In this case or subsequently, it is placed with its shaft in a die 20 and gripped by a punch 10 on its shaft diameter and deformed with a force F, so that an axially symmetrical collar (flange) is created.
- the blank 100 is shown individually and provided with dimension lines; the shaft diameter is dl, the lower shaft diameter d2 and the length L0.
- FIG. 1 creates a pressure 100 'according to FIG. 3, which serves, for example, as a gear shaft.
- a pressure 100 ' which serves, for example, as a gear shaft.
- Forming temperature 20 ° C in the cold area resp.
- a collar diameter D 117 mm
- a collar width of S2 9.6 mm
- the workpiece was compressed to a length Ll of 470 mm.
- the area of material forming S1 is 250 mm
- the local degree of deformation of cold extrusion is a maximum of 1.2
- the local degree of deformation of hot extrusion is a maximum of 2.0.
- the yield stress during cold forming was
- the yield stress during hot forming was 225 MPa, at the maximum.
- the dynamic softening processes are exploited locally, whereby the material's ability to change shape remains almost unchanged during the entire forming process.
- the hardening behavior is modified locally so that the shape change capacity is adapted to the shape change to be achieved. So there is a "tailoring" of the material properties to the forming process. In this way, local degrees of deformation can be made much larger than 1.0 without intermediate annealing. Since the method essentially remains a cold cross extrusion, a comparable accuracy of the final shape and a desired increase in strength are ensured. By adjusting the selected local temperature and controlled cooling, an in sufficient strength of the hot or semi-hot-formed bundle can be produced in practice.
- Hydro- and aerodynamic means are available for cooling and / or for maintaining the desired temperature gradients.
- FIG. 4 A commercially available robot 60 with an axis of rotation 61 and two articulated arms 62 and 63 and a controlled hydraulic telescopic arm 64 carries a heater 30 with an induction coil which is connected to a
- Blank 100 grips and is partially heated by a shifting stroke V.
- the blank 100 has previously been brought - by the same robot 60 - into the die 20 of a notoriously known hydraulic press 90. Underneath is an ejection cylinder 92; The press die 10 is arranged above the blank 100 and is operatively connected to a press cylinder 91. - This stage of the process is designated I and relates to partial heating.
- Process stage III shows the final pressing at max. Print; The blank 100 has become the pressing 100 '.
- process stage IV the die travels back to its starting position, while cooling tongs 50, which move with a water and an air supply is equipped to cool the heated part of the press lmgs 100 '.
- the cooling tongs 50 are constructed in a manner known per se and have an articulated guide 51 which is compatible with the robot 60.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred variant of an inductive heater 30 by means of an induction coil 30 ', which is fed via a three-phase frequency converter 70, characterized by the phases R, S, T.
- the mains frequency is denoted by f 1 (the variable frequency f "controlled by a frequency control signal S is supplied to the induction coil 30 'at a constant current ⁇ ⁇ .
- the frequency control signal S is preferably generated by a program control which takes into account all the parameters of the blank 100 and the press film 100 'to be generated when controlling the heating process.
- the local degree of deformation is adapted to the desired deformation or can be optimized. Leave it thus producing workpieces that have a homogeneous solidification despite different shape changes.
- Another advantage is that reproducible, rotationally symmetrical spatial shapes can be achieved from a simple blank, without preforming or without an additional die.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00914010A EP1171252B1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-12 | Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99810319A EP1046440A1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen |
EP99810319 | 1999-04-16 | ||
EP00914010A EP1171252B1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-12 | Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilen |
PCT/CH2000/000212 WO2000062956A1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-12 | Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1171252A1 true EP1171252A1 (de) | 2002-01-16 |
EP1171252B1 EP1171252B1 (de) | 2003-11-05 |
Family
ID=8242776
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99810319A Withdrawn EP1046440A1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen |
EP00914010A Expired - Lifetime EP1171252B1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-12 | Verfahren zur massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen bauteilen |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99810319A Withdrawn EP1046440A1 (de) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1046440A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE253422T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3548700A (de) |
DE (1) | DE50004335D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000062956A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009009982A1 (de) | 2009-02-23 | 2010-08-26 | Unikassel Transfer Gmbh Metakus - Anwendungszentrum Metallformgebung | Verfahren zur Herstellung innen- und außenprofilierter Werkstücke |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2865949B1 (fr) * | 2004-02-11 | 2006-05-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Presse hybride pour le formage de pieces de fortes dimensions |
DE102007001515B4 (de) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-10-29 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ventils mit mindestens einem Flügel, sowie danach hergestelltes Ventil |
DE102010053119A1 (de) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gewindespindel mit großem Lagersitz |
CN102120293A (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 江苏森威集团有限责任公司 | 一种电枢轴的精密锻造加工方法 |
CN102357552A (zh) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-02-22 | 南京通用电器有限公司 | 传动轴压方及制造传动轴的方法 |
WO2016103316A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 熱間据込み鍛造用の素材形状 |
CN105903871A (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 苏州市东盛锻造有限公司 | 羊头的锻造方法 |
CN105750840A (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-07-13 | 苏州市东盛锻造有限公司 | 三通锻件的锻造方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1408570A (fr) * | 1964-09-22 | 1965-08-13 | Hasenclever Ag Maschf | Presse électrique à refouler pour pièces brutes en forme de tiges chauffées par effet joule |
US3399290A (en) * | 1965-07-23 | 1968-08-27 | Gen Motors Corp | Iridium heading process |
JPS59130641A (ja) * | 1983-01-15 | 1984-07-27 | Akira Yusa | 端部に膨大部を有する金属棒の製造方法及び装置 |
EP0157894B2 (de) * | 1984-04-11 | 1992-05-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erhöhung der Wandstärke von Rohren |
DE19746235A1 (de) * | 1996-11-02 | 1998-05-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Tellerventiles |
-
1999
- 1999-04-16 EP EP99810319A patent/EP1046440A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-04-12 AT AT00914010T patent/ATE253422T1/de active
- 2000-04-12 WO PCT/CH2000/000212 patent/WO2000062956A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-12 AU AU35487/00A patent/AU3548700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-12 EP EP00914010A patent/EP1171252B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-12 DE DE50004335T patent/DE50004335D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0062956A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009009982A1 (de) | 2009-02-23 | 2010-08-26 | Unikassel Transfer Gmbh Metakus - Anwendungszentrum Metallformgebung | Verfahren zur Herstellung innen- und außenprofilierter Werkstücke |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000062956A1 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
EP1171252B1 (de) | 2003-11-05 |
ATE253422T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
AU3548700A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
DE50004335D1 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
EP1046440A1 (de) | 2000-10-25 |
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