EP1152483A1 - Dual-band microwave radiating element - Google Patents

Dual-band microwave radiating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1152483A1
EP1152483A1 EP01400810A EP01400810A EP1152483A1 EP 1152483 A1 EP1152483 A1 EP 1152483A1 EP 01400810 A EP01400810 A EP 01400810A EP 01400810 A EP01400810 A EP 01400810A EP 1152483 A1 EP1152483 A1 EP 1152483A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
radiating element
polarizer
band
element according
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Granted
Application number
EP01400810A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1152483B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Gomez-Henry
Gérard Caille
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Publication of EP1152483A1 publication Critical patent/EP1152483A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H01Q5/47—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiating element operating according to two separate bands or two subbands with circular polarization in the context, for example, of radar type applications or satellite telecommunications in the microwave field.
  • this type of radiating element is more particularly intended to be integrated into an antenna arranged on board from a satellite or on the ground to allow communication between different sets of the system.
  • This radar source uses four waveguides surrounding a fifth guide.
  • the four peripheral guides are able, for example, to function according to the Ku band centered on 16 GHz and the central guide in X band centered on 10 GHz.
  • an antenna comprising such a source is intended for operate at an extreme frequency ratio greater than or equal to 6, report which does not impose significant operating constraints on the makes the difference between the extreme frequencies.
  • planar antennas in a ratio of frequencies between 1.22 and 2 drives, due in particular to their compactness, significant losses due to the coupling of the working elements in high and low bands.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a dual-band microwave radiating element small in size and experiencing only small losses, the circular polarization being generated by the radiating part of the antenna itself without having to provide an additional circuit such as a coupler hybrid for example.
  • a microwave radiating element comprising first and second means capable of conveying electromagnetic waves at first and second respectively frequency bands, is characterized in that the first and second means are coaxial, the first means comprising a waveguide hollow and metallic capable of receiving the second means so coaxial.
  • the second means comprise also a hollow and metallic waveguide.
  • the second means include a guide comprising a core and a sheath both made of material dielectric, said dielectric guide being, for example, a fiber microwave capable of propagating only the H11 hybrid mode.
  • the waveguides constituting the first and second means comprise, each at their end and nested one inside the other, a polarizer, the geometry of polarizers being such that the polarization of the electromagnetic waves is circular.
  • the polarizers have a cross section of shape rectangular or elliptical.
  • the geometry of the dielectric guide is such that the polarization of electromagnetic waves is circular.
  • the core of the dielectric guide has an extension emerging from the sheath of said guide and having a cross section of elliptical, rectangular or ellipsoidal shape.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.
  • the radiating element 1 has a first excitation access 2 generating the wave intended to be propagated.
  • the excitation access 2 is, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, of coaxial type, comprising a part tubular device 2a and a central part 2b, cylindrical and arranged in the center of the peripheral part 2a (see Figures 2 and 3).
  • excitation access 2 could use any other technique of known excitation such as triplate and the like, or even be constituted from another guide.
  • the excitation access 2 is linked, via the central part 2b and in a known manner, at a first end of a first waveguide supply 3 capable of operating, for example, in the Ka band aux around 30 GHz, and more precisely between 27.6 and 29 GHz.
  • the feed guide 3 perpendicular to the access excitation 2 and having the shape of a hollow and elongated conduit with an axis longitudinal Z, with rectangular cross section, propagates the linearly polarized electromagnetic waves.
  • the guide 3 comprises, in its extension in the direction of the axis Z of the guide 3, a transition section composed of an adaptation transformer 4.
  • the adaptation transformer 4 consists of a hollow guide having a section of identical shape to that of guide 3 but of more dimensions large, except the longitudinal direction parallel to the Z axis.
  • the guide 3 is centered and aligned on the adaptation transformer 4, the different faces constituting the guide 3 and the adaptation transformer 4 being parallel to each other.
  • polarizer 5 working at 30 GHz, also hollow, parallelepiped, of rectangular cross section and of larger dimensions than that of the adaptation transformer 4.
  • the polarizer 5 is angularly offset by 45 degrees around the axis Z with respect to the matching transformer 4 which is itself aligned with the guide 3.
  • the polarizer 5, here of rectangular section, may as well be of shape elliptical in order to obtain the circular polarization of the signal.
  • These three elements, the guide 3, the adaptation transformer 4 as well as the polarizer 5, are, for example, metallic and associated end to end, at level of one of their faces, by any known technique such as welding, machining, EDM or made by molding.
  • transition sections such as the matching transformer 4 can be provided in the form of embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, between the guide 3 and the polarizer 5.
  • the first guide 3 is arranged, coaxially, inside a second feed guide 6, hollow and of substantially section rectangular but larger than the first guide 3.
  • the respective faces of the guides 3 and 6 are mutually parallel.
  • the second guide 6 has, on one of its largest faces, a slight recess inward forming a groove 6a of section rectangular and parallel to the Z axis of the guide 3.
  • This groove 6a also called “ridge” makes it possible to limit the propagation of electromagnetic waves carried by the guide comprising such groove 6a in the fundamental mode only.
  • a guide comprising such a ridge 6a is said to be a ridged guide.
  • the second guide 6, shorter than the first guide 3 in the direction of the Z axis is associated with a second excitation port 7 of the coaxial type. Any another technique than the coaxial is also possible here.
  • the second guide 6 also works in the Ka band around 20 GHz and for example between 17.8 and 19.2 GHz.
  • the first guide 3 is secured to the second guide 6 at the level of the ridge 6a, the width of said ridge 6a corresponding to the width of the first guide 3.
  • the adaptation transformer 8 is a guide comprising a ridge 8a (ridged guide), whose cross section is the same shape as that of the second feeding guide 6 but of larger dimensions.
  • the ridges 6a and 8a are thus aligned and parallel to the axis Z of the first guide 3.
  • the transformer adapter 8 On the side opposite to that on which the second guide 6 is located, the transformer adapter 8 is associated with a polarizer 9.
  • the polarizer 9 has a cross section substantially rectangular, of sufficiently large dimensions to contain, at less in part, the polarizer 5 of the high band.
  • polarizer 9 is angularly offset by 45 degrees around the Z axis with respect to the matching transformer 8 and the guide 6 so as to generate a circular polarization of the signal.
  • the polarizer 9 may have a different shape such as, for example, an elliptical cross section capable of generating from the linear polarization of the signal propagating in the guide 6 and the matching transformer 8, circular polarization.
  • the geometry and the arrangement of the different parts of the radiating element 1 are such that polarizers 5 and 9 are oriented in the same way, their faces respective being parallel to each other. This relative provision of polarizers 5 and 9 provides circular polarization similarly sense for both bands.
  • the polarizers 5 and 9 will be oriented relatively to 90 °.
  • the radiating element 1 of the present invention makes it possible, according to the relative arrangement of polarizers 5 and 9, four configurations different circular polarization: right / right, right / left, left / right and left / left.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic wireframe perspective view of the element radiating from Figure 1, from a different angle of view than that of the Figure 1, where the mutual orientation of the different parts appears.
  • the radiating element 1 therefore consists of a first and a second coaxial circuits with independent access: the first compound of access excitation 2, supply guide 3, adaptation transformer 4 and polarizer 5 and working in high band (30 GHz), the second circuit comprising the excitation access 7, the ridged feed guide 6, the matching transformer 8 and polarizer 5 and working in a band low (20 GHz).
  • FIG. 3 again shows the relative arrangement of the different parts of the radiating element, including the relative position polarizers 5 and 9.
  • the polarizer 5 is largely contained in the polarizer 9, does not protruding only slightly in the direction of the Z axis. However, according to variant embodiments, polarizer 5 (30 GHz) can also be found totally included or entirely outside polarizer 9 (20 GHz).
  • the feed guides 3 and 6 open respectively, via the adaptation transformers 4 and 8, in the polarizers 5 and 9.
  • the radiating element 1 is therefore able to operate according to two different frequency bands, or more exactly two independent access sub-bands, one used for transmission (high band), the other used for reception (band low).
  • the particular geometry of the radiating element 1 also makes it possible to obtain circular polarization of the electromagnetic waves.
  • Figure 4 shows, in schematic wireframe perspective view, a second embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.
  • the difference with the first embodiment of the radiating element 1 is located at high frequency circuit level.
  • the high frequency element has a coaxial excitation access 2 identical to that of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 associated with a first end of a metallic feed guide 10 similar to the guide 3 of the previous figures.
  • the guide 10 has a cross section identical to that of the guide 3 but of shorter length (along the Z axis).
  • the guide 10 is housed in the guide 6, at the level of the ridge 6a, in the same way as the guide 3 in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the guide 10 is substantially interrupted at the junction between the guide 6 and the adaptation transformer 8, any other configuration remaining possible.
  • the guide 10 is coupled in a known manner to a microwave fiber 11 arranged in the extension of the guide 10.
  • the microwave fiber 11 is a dielectric guide with an axis coincident with the Z axis and propagating only the H11 hybrid mode (mode fundamental).
  • Fiber 11 has, like an optical fiber, a solid core cylindrical 12 surrounded by a hollow sheath 13 of tubular shape.
  • the heart 12 and the sheath 13, can be, for example, mounted one inside the other according to a tight or sliding fit with a fastening completed by a collage.
  • the microwave fiber is produced in a manner known in dielectric material of the so-called "index jump" type, the sheath 13 having a relatively high index (minimum 10 for example) to ensure good confinement of hybrid mode H11.
  • the heart index 12 is slightly higher than that of the sheath 13.
  • the materials that can be used are for example: synthetic sapphire, Berilium oxide, alumina ...
  • the coupling between the guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 is done by through the heart 12 which has, at its end close to the access excitation 2, an extension 12a entering the guide 10.
  • This extension 12a is of substantially conical shape flaring in the direction of the Z axis.
  • microwave fiber 11 has such a geometry that it allows the generation of a circular polarization thanks to the generation of two orthogonal modes H11.
  • the core 12 of the microwave fiber 11 extends outside of the sheath 13 on the side opposite that of the first extension 12a in one second shaped extension 12b, seen in cross section, elliptical.
  • the particular ellipsoidal shape (of major axis parallel to the axis Z) of the radiating part 12b of the core 12 of the fiber 11 allows a generation of circular polarization of waves in a simple and without have to provide additional rooms.
  • the part of the radiating element 1 working in high band is disposed coaxially in the hollow metal part working in low band.
  • the feed guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 pass through the ridged feed guide 6, the adapter transformer 8 and the polarizer 9.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4, other geometries or arrangements being possible for the various elements, in particular for the guides 3, 6, 10, polarizers 5 and 9 or fiber 11, to generate circular polarization of the waves in the coaxial radiating element 1.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a dual-band radiating element having a reduced bulk, suitable for generate circular polarization without using circuits complementary, with independent access for each sub-band of frequencies and which may have a frequency ratio of operating between 1.22 and 2.
  • This type of radiating element is particularly suitable for high frequencies, like those in the Ka band for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
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Abstract

A microwave radiating element including first and second means for conveying electromagnetic waves in respective first and second frequency bands, wherein the first and second means are coaxial.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément rayonnant fonctionnant selon deux bandes ou deux sous-bandes distinctes et à polarisation circulaire dans le cadre, par exemple, d'applications du type radar ou de télécommunications par satellite dans le domaine des hyperfréquences.The present invention relates to a radiating element operating according to two separate bands or two subbands with circular polarization in the context, for example, of radar type applications or satellite telecommunications in the microwave field.

Dans le cas des télécommunications, ce type d'élément rayonnant est plus particulièrement destiné à être intégré dans une antenne disposée à bord d'un satellite ou au sol afin de permettre la communication entre les différents ensembles du système.In the case of telecommunications, this type of radiating element is more particularly intended to be integrated into an antenna arranged on board from a satellite or on the ground to allow communication between different sets of the system.

L'exploitation de bandes de fréquences différentes ou de différentes plages d'une même bande, telle que dans la bande Ka 20/30 GHz par exemple, nécessite l'emploi de dispositifs rayonnants capables de fonctionner sur une bande très large.Operating different frequency bands or different ranges of the same band, such as in the Ka band 20/30 GHz for example, requires the use of radiant devices capable of operating on a very wide band.

Cette nécessité d'une bande de fréquence relativement large est encore plus flagrante lorsque l'élément rayonnant doit fonctionner selon deux sous-bandes de fréquences différentes pour l'émission et la réception.This need for a relatively wide frequency band is even more obvious when the radiating element must operate in two sub-bands of different frequencies for transmission and reception.

En effet, dans ce cas, il importe que ces sous-bandes de fréquences soient relativement éloignées afin d'éviter que les signaux d'émission et de réception ne se perturbent mutuellement. Indeed, in this case, it is important that these frequency sub-bands are relatively far apart in order to avoid transmission and reception do not disturb each other.

Or, les dispositifs rayonnants connus fonctionnant sur une bande relativement large sont volumineux, donc onéreux à fabriquer et complexes à mettre en oeuvre.
De plus, ce type de dispositif à large bande possède, du fait de leur structure, une efficacité de surface relativement limitée.However, known radiating devices operating on a relatively wide band are bulky, therefore expensive to manufacture and complex to implement.
In addition, this type of broadband device has, due to their structure, a relatively limited surface efficiency.

On a été conduit, de manière connue, à développer des éléments rayonnants fonctionnant selon plusieurs bandes ou plusieurs sous-bandes d'une même bande de fréquence.We have been led, in a known manner, to develop elements radiant heaters operating in several bands or several sub-bands of the same frequency band.

On connaít, par la demande de brevet européen 0 130 111, une source radar capable d'émettre au moins deux fréquences, de manière par exemple à disposer d'une grande résolution grâce à une fréquence élevée, et d'une longue portée par l'intermédiaire d'une fréquence basse.We know, from European patent application 0 130 111, a source radar capable of transmitting at least two frequencies, so example of having a high resolution thanks to a high frequency, and a long range via a low frequency.

Cette source radar emploie quatre guides d'ondes entourant un cinquième guide.This radar source uses four waveguides surrounding a fifth guide.

Les quatre guides périphériques sont aptes, par exemple, à fonctionner selon la bande Ku centrée sur 16 GHz et le guide central en bande X centrée sur 10 GHz.The four peripheral guides are able, for example, to function according to the Ku band centered on 16 GHz and the central guide in X band centered on 10 GHz.

Cependant, un tel dispositif ne fonctionne que selon une polarisation linéaire, la polarisation circulaire nécessitant l'ajout d'un coupleur hybride qui entraíne une augmentation de la taille du dispositif ainsi que de son coût. De plus, les coupleurs hybrides à haute fréquence entraínent des pertes importantes dans le circuit. However, such a device only works according to a polarization. linear, circular polarization requiring the addition of a hybrid coupler which results in an increase in the size of the device as well as its cost. In addition, high frequency hybrid couplers lead to significant losses in the circuit.

De tels dispositifs connus nécessitent également un système d'alimentation volumineux et complexe pour assurer un rayonnement correct, ce qui induit un encombrement et un coût encore plus importants.Such known devices also require a power system bulky and complex to ensure correct radiation, which induces even more space and cost.

De plus, une antenne comportant une telle source est destinée à fonctionner selon un rapport de fréquences extrêmes supérieur ou égal à 6, rapport qui n'impose pas d'importantes contraintes de fonctionnement du fait de l'écart existant entre les fréquences extrêmes.In addition, an antenna comprising such a source is intended for operate at an extreme frequency ratio greater than or equal to 6, report which does not impose significant operating constraints on the makes the difference between the extreme frequencies.

Cependant, dans le cas d'un rapport de fréquences extrêmes compris entre 1.22 et 2, une telle antenne n'est pas efficace du fait des interactions existant entre les différentes parties de l'antenne.However, in the case of an extreme frequency ratio between 1.22 and 2, such an antenna is not effective due to the interactions existing between the different parts of the antenna.

On connaít, en outre et notamment par la demande de brevet français 98 06200, des antennes dites "planes" fonctionnant par l'intermédiaire de circuits du type circuits intégrés et permettant de ne pas employer de coupleur hybride.We know, in addition and in particular by the French patent application 98 06200, so-called "flat" antennas operating through circuits of the integrated circuit type and making it possible not to use hybrid coupler.

Cependant, le fonctionnement des antennes planes dans un rapport de fréquences compris entre 1.22 et 2 entraíne, du fait notamment de leur compacité, d'importantes pertes dues au couplage des éléments travaillant en bandes haute et basse.However, the operation of planar antennas in a ratio of frequencies between 1.22 and 2 drives, due in particular to their compactness, significant losses due to the coupling of the working elements in high and low bands.

Dans ce contexte, la présente invention a pour but de palier ces inconvénients en proposant un élément rayonnant hyperfréquence bi-bande de taille réduite et ne connaissant que de faibles pertes, la polarisation circulaire étant générée par la partie rayonnante de l'antenne elle-même sans avoir à prévoir de circuit additionnel tel qu'un coupleur hybride par exemple. In this context, the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a dual-band microwave radiating element small in size and experiencing only small losses, the circular polarization being generated by the radiating part of the antenna itself without having to provide an additional circuit such as a coupler hybrid for example.

A cette fin, selon l'invention, un élément rayonnant hyperfréquence comportant des premiers et des seconds moyens aptes à véhiculer des ondes électromagnétiques respectivement à une première et une seconde bandes de fréquences, est caractérisé en ce que les premiers et seconds moyens sont coaxiaux, les premiers moyens comportant un guide d'ondes creux et métallique apte à recevoir les seconds moyens de manière coaxiale.To this end, according to the invention, a microwave radiating element comprising first and second means capable of conveying electromagnetic waves at first and second respectively frequency bands, is characterized in that the first and second means are coaxial, the first means comprising a waveguide hollow and metallic capable of receiving the second means so coaxial.

Selon une première forme de réalisation, les seconds moyens comportent également un guide d'ondes creux et métallique.According to a first embodiment, the second means comprise also a hollow and metallic waveguide.

Selon une seconde forme de réalisation, les seconds moyens comportent un guide comprenant un coeur et une gaine tous deux en matériau diélectrique, ledit guide diélectrique étant, par exemple, une fibre hyperfréquence apte à ne propager que le mode hybride H11.According to a second embodiment, the second means include a guide comprising a core and a sheath both made of material dielectric, said dielectric guide being, for example, a fiber microwave capable of propagating only the H11 hybrid mode.

Avantageusement, dans le premier mode de réalisation, les guides d'ondes constituant les premiers et seconds moyens comportent, chacun à leur extrémité et imbriqués l'un dans l'autre, un polariseur, la géométrie des polariseurs étant telle que la polarisation des ondes électromagnétiques est circulaire.Advantageously, in the first embodiment, the waveguides constituting the first and second means comprise, each at their end and nested one inside the other, a polarizer, the geometry of polarizers being such that the polarization of the electromagnetic waves is circular.

De préférence, les polariseurs présentent une section transversale de forme rectangulaire ou elliptique.Preferably, the polarizers have a cross section of shape rectangular or elliptical.

Selon une forme préférée du second mode de réalisation de l'élément rayonnant de l'invention, la géométrie du guide diélectrique est telle que la polarisation des ondes électromagnétiques est circulaire. According to a preferred form of the second embodiment of the element radiating from the invention, the geometry of the dielectric guide is such that the polarization of electromagnetic waves is circular.

De préférence, le coeur du guide diélectrique comporte un prolongement émergeant de la gaine dudit guide et présentant une section transversale de forme elliptique, rectangulaire ou ellipsoïdale.Preferably, the core of the dielectric guide has an extension emerging from the sheath of said guide and having a cross section of elliptical, rectangular or ellipsoidal shape.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit se rapportant à un exemple de réalisation illustratif mais en aucun cas limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation d'un élément rayonnant selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 une vue schématique filaire en perspective de l'élément rayonnant de la figure 1 selon un autre angle de vue ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue de côté de l'élément rayonnant de la figure 1 ;
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une seconde forme de réalisation d'un élément rayonnant selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description relating to an illustrative embodiment but in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a radiating element according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 a schematic wireframe perspective view of the radiating element of Figure 1 from another angle of view;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the radiating element of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a radiating element according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation d'un élément rayonnant 1 selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.

L'élément rayonnant 1 comporte un premier accès d'excitation 2 générant l'onde destinée à être propagée. L'accès d'excitation 2 est, dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, de type coaxial, comportant une partie périphérique tubulaire 2a et une partie centrale 2b, cylindrique et disposée au centre de la partie périphérique 2a (voir figures 2 et 3).The radiating element 1 has a first excitation access 2 generating the wave intended to be propagated. The excitation access 2 is, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, of coaxial type, comprising a part tubular device 2a and a central part 2b, cylindrical and arranged in the center of the peripheral part 2a (see Figures 2 and 3).

A noter que l'accès d'excitation 2 pourrait utiliser toute autre technique d'excitation connue telle que triplaque et autre, ou encore être constitué d'un autre guide.Note that the excitation access 2 could use any other technique of known excitation such as triplate and the like, or even be constituted from another guide.

L'accès d'excitation 2 est lié, par l'intermédiaire de la partie centrale 2b et de façon connue, à une première extrémité d'un premier guide d'ondes d'alimentation 3 apte à fonctionner, par exemple, dans la bande Ka aux environs de 30 GHz, et plus exactement entre 27.6 et 29 GHz.The excitation access 2 is linked, via the central part 2b and in a known manner, at a first end of a first waveguide supply 3 capable of operating, for example, in the Ka band aux around 30 GHz, and more precisely between 27.6 and 29 GHz.

Le guide d'alimentation 3 (ci-après guide 3), perpendiculaire à l'accès d'excitation 2 et présentant une forme de conduit creux et allongé d'axe longitudinal Z, à section transversale rectangulaire, permet de propager les ondes électromagnétiques polarisées linéairement.The feed guide 3 (hereinafter guide 3), perpendicular to the access excitation 2 and having the shape of a hollow and elongated conduit with an axis longitudinal Z, with rectangular cross section, propagates the linearly polarized electromagnetic waves.

A l'extrémité opposée de celle où se trouve l'accès d'excitation 2, le guide 3 comporte, dans son prolongement dans le sens de l'axe Z du guide 3, une section de transition composée d'un transformateur d'adaptation 4.At the opposite end from that where the excitation access 2 is located, the guide 3 comprises, in its extension in the direction of the axis Z of the guide 3, a transition section composed of an adaptation transformer 4.

Le transformateur d'adaptation 4 est constitué d'un guide creux ayant une section de forme identique à celle du guide 3 mais de dimensions plus grandes, sauf la direction longitudinale parallèle à l'axe Z.The adaptation transformer 4 consists of a hollow guide having a section of identical shape to that of guide 3 but of more dimensions large, except the longitudinal direction parallel to the Z axis.

Le guide 3 est centré et aligné sur le transformateur d'adaptation 4, les différentes faces constituant le guide 3 et le transformateur d'adaptation 4 étant parallèles entre elles. The guide 3 is centered and aligned on the adaptation transformer 4, the different faces constituting the guide 3 and the adaptation transformer 4 being parallel to each other.

Dans le prolongement du transformateur d'adaptation 4 se trouve un polariseur 5, travaillant à 30 GHz, creux également, parallélépipédique, de section transversale rectangulaire et de dimensions plus importantes que celle du transformateur d'adaptation 4.
Afin de générer la polarisation circulaire du signal, le polariseur 5 est décalé angulairement de 45 degrés autour de l'axe Z par rapport au transformateur d'adaptation 4 qui se trouve, lui, dans l'alignement du guide 3.In the extension of the adaptation transformer 4 is a polarizer 5, working at 30 GHz, also hollow, parallelepiped, of rectangular cross section and of larger dimensions than that of the adaptation transformer 4.
In order to generate the circular polarization of the signal, the polarizer 5 is angularly offset by 45 degrees around the axis Z with respect to the matching transformer 4 which is itself aligned with the guide 3.

Le polariseur 5, ici de section rectangulaire, peut aussi bien être de forme elliptique afin d'obtenir la polarisation circulaire du signal.The polarizer 5, here of rectangular section, may as well be of shape elliptical in order to obtain the circular polarization of the signal.

Ces trois éléments, le guide 3, le transformateur d'adaptation 4 ainsi que le polariseur 5, sont, par exemple, métalliques et associés bout à bout, au niveau de l'une de leurs faces, par toute technique connue telle que soudure, usinage, électroérosion ou réalisés par moulage.These three elements, the guide 3, the adaptation transformer 4 as well as the polarizer 5, are, for example, metallic and associated end to end, at level of one of their faces, by any known technique such as welding, machining, EDM or made by molding.

On notera, en outre, que plusieurs sections de transition telles que le transformateur d'adaptation 4 peuvent être prévues dans la forme de réalisation représentée aux figures 1 à 3, entre le guide 3 et le polariseur 5.It will also be noted that several transition sections such as the matching transformer 4 can be provided in the form of embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, between the guide 3 and the polarizer 5.

Le premier guide 3 est disposé, de manière coaxiale, à l'intérieur d'un second guide d'alimentation 6, creux et de section sensiblement rectangulaire mais de dimensions plus grandes que celles du premier guide 3. Les faces respectives des guides 3 et 6 sont parallèles entre elles. The first guide 3 is arranged, coaxially, inside a second feed guide 6, hollow and of substantially section rectangular but larger than the first guide 3. The respective faces of the guides 3 and 6 are mutually parallel.

Le second guide 6 comporte, sur l'une de ses faces les plus grandes, un léger décrochement vers l'intérieur formant une rainure 6a de section rectangulaire et parallèle à l'axe Z du guide 3.The second guide 6 has, on one of its largest faces, a slight recess inward forming a groove 6a of section rectangular and parallel to the Z axis of the guide 3.

Cette rainure 6a, appelé aussi "ridge", permet de limiter la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques transportées par le guide comportant une telle rainure 6a au seul mode fondamental.This groove 6a, also called "ridge", makes it possible to limit the propagation of electromagnetic waves carried by the guide comprising such groove 6a in the fundamental mode only.

Un guide comportant un tel ridge 6a est dit guide ridgé.A guide comprising such a ridge 6a is said to be a ridged guide.

Le second guide 6, plus court que le premier guide 3 dans la direction de l'axe Z, est associé à un second accès d'excitation 7 du type coaxial. Toute autre technique que le coaxial est là aussi envisageable.The second guide 6, shorter than the first guide 3 in the direction of the Z axis is associated with a second excitation port 7 of the coaxial type. Any another technique than the coaxial is also possible here.

Le second guide 6 travaille également dans la bande Ka aux environs de 20 GHz et par exemple entre 17.8 et 19.2 GHz.The second guide 6 also works in the Ka band around 20 GHz and for example between 17.8 and 19.2 GHz.

Le premier guide 3 est solidarisé au second guide 6 au niveau du ridge 6a, la largeur du dit ridge 6a correspondant à la largeur du premier guide 3.The first guide 3 is secured to the second guide 6 at the level of the ridge 6a, the width of said ridge 6a corresponding to the width of the first guide 3.

Dans le prolongement du second guide d'alimentation 6 se trouve une section de transition composée d'un transformateur d'adaptation 8.In the extension of the second feeding guide 6 is a transition section composed of an adaptation transformer 8.

Le transformateur d'adaptation 8 est un guide comportant un ridge 8a (guide ridgé), dont la section transversale est de même forme que celle du second guide d'alimentation 6 mais de dimensions plus importantes.The adaptation transformer 8 is a guide comprising a ridge 8a (ridged guide), whose cross section is the same shape as that of the second feeding guide 6 but of larger dimensions.

Les ridges 6a et 8a sont ainsi alignés et parallèle à l'axe Z du premier guide 3. The ridges 6a and 8a are thus aligned and parallel to the axis Z of the first guide 3.

Du côté opposé à celui où se trouve le second guide 6, le transformateur d'adaptation 8 est associé à un polariseur 9.On the side opposite to that on which the second guide 6 is located, the transformer adapter 8 is associated with a polarizer 9.

Le polariseur 9 présente une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire, de dimensions suffisamment importantes pour contenir, au moins en partie, le polariseur 5 de la bande haute.The polarizer 9 has a cross section substantially rectangular, of sufficiently large dimensions to contain, at less in part, the polarizer 5 of the high band.

Comme le polarisateur 5, le polarisateur 9 est décalé angulairement de 45 degrés autour de l'axe Z par rapport au transformateur d'adaptation 8 et au guide 6 de manière à générer une polarisation circulaire du signal.Like polarizer 5, polarizer 9 is angularly offset by 45 degrees around the Z axis with respect to the matching transformer 8 and the guide 6 so as to generate a circular polarization of the signal.

Le polariseur 9 peut présenter une forme différente comme, par exemple, une section transversale elliptique, capable de générer, à partir de la polarisation linéaire du signal se propageant dans le guide 6 et le transformateur d'adaptation 8, une polarisation circulaire.The polarizer 9 may have a different shape such as, for example, an elliptical cross section capable of generating from the linear polarization of the signal propagating in the guide 6 and the matching transformer 8, circular polarization.

Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 3, la géométrie et l'agencement des différentes parties de l'élément rayonnant 1 sont tels que les polariseurs 5 et 9 sont orientés de la même façon, leurs faces respectives étant parallèles entre elles. Cette disposition relative des polariseurs 5 et 9 permet d'obtenir une polarisation circulaire de même sens pour les deux bandes.In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the geometry and the arrangement of the different parts of the radiating element 1 are such that polarizers 5 and 9 are oriented in the same way, their faces respective being parallel to each other. This relative provision of polarizers 5 and 9 provides circular polarization similarly sense for both bands.

Cependant, dans le cas de polarisations circulaires opposées, les polariseurs 5 et 9 seront orientés relativement à 90°.However, in the case of opposite circular polarizations, the polarizers 5 and 9 will be oriented relatively to 90 °.

Ainsi, l'élément rayonnant 1 de la présente invention permet d'obtenir, selon la disposition relative des polariseurs 5 et 9, quatre configurations différentes de polarisation circulaire : droite/droite, droite/gauche, gauche/droite et gauche/gauche.Thus, the radiating element 1 of the present invention makes it possible, according to the relative arrangement of polarizers 5 and 9, four configurations different circular polarization: right / right, right / left, left / right and left / left.

La figure 2 est une vue schématique filaire en perspective de l'élément rayonnant de la figure 1, selon un angle de vue différent de celui de la figure 1, où l'orientation mutuelle des différentes pièces apparaít.Figure 2 is a schematic wireframe perspective view of the element radiating from Figure 1, from a different angle of view than that of the Figure 1, where the mutual orientation of the different parts appears.

L'élément rayonnant 1 est donc constitué d'un premier et d'un second circuits coaxiaux à accès indépendants : le premier composé de l'accès d'excitation 2, du guide d'alimentation 3, du transformateur d'adaptation 4 et du polariseur 5 et travaillant en bande haute (30 GHz), le second circuit comprenant l'accès d'excitation 7, le guide ridgé d'alimentation 6, le transformateur d'adaptation 8 et le polariseur 5 et travaillant en bande basse (20 GHz).The radiating element 1 therefore consists of a first and a second coaxial circuits with independent access: the first compound of access excitation 2, supply guide 3, adaptation transformer 4 and polarizer 5 and working in high band (30 GHz), the second circuit comprising the excitation access 7, the ridged feed guide 6, the matching transformer 8 and polarizer 5 and working in a band low (20 GHz).

La vue de côté de la figure 3 montre de nouveau la disposition relative des différentes parties de l'élément rayonnant, et notamment la position relative des polariseurs 5 et 9.The side view of Figure 3 again shows the relative arrangement of the different parts of the radiating element, including the relative position polarizers 5 and 9.

Le polariseur 5 est en grande partie contenu dans le polariseur 9, ne dépassant que légèrement dans le sens de l'axe Z. Cependant, selon des variantes de réalisation, le polariseur 5 (30 GHz) peut également se trouver totalement inclus ou entièrement en dehors du polariseur 9 (20 GHz).The polarizer 5 is largely contained in the polarizer 9, does not protruding only slightly in the direction of the Z axis. However, according to variant embodiments, polarizer 5 (30 GHz) can also be found totally included or entirely outside polarizer 9 (20 GHz).

Les guides d'alimentation 3 et 6 débouchent quant à eux respectivement, par l'intermédiaire des transformateurs d'adaptation 4 et 8, dans les polariseurs 5 et 9. The feed guides 3 and 6 open respectively, via the adaptation transformers 4 and 8, in the polarizers 5 and 9.

L'élément rayonnant 1 est donc apte à fonctionner selon deux bandes de fréquences différentes, ou plus exactement deux sous-bandes à accès indépendants, l'une servant à l'émission (bande haute), l'autre servant à la réception (bande basse).
La géométrie particulière de l'élément rayonnant 1 permet de plus d'obtenir une polarisation circulaire des ondes électromagnétiques.The radiating element 1 is therefore able to operate according to two different frequency bands, or more exactly two independent access sub-bands, one used for transmission (high band), the other used for reception (band low).
The particular geometry of the radiating element 1 also makes it possible to obtain circular polarization of the electromagnetic waves.

La figure 4 montre, en vue schématique filaire en perspective, une seconde forme de réalisation d'un élément rayonnant 1 selon l'invention.Figure 4 shows, in schematic wireframe perspective view, a second embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.

Les parties de l'élément rayonnant 1 identiques à celles de la première forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 3 portent les mêmes référence.The parts of the radiating element 1 identical to those of the first embodiment of Figures 1 to 3 bear the same references.

On retrouve ainsi la partie bande basse (20 GHz) complète de l'élément rayonnant 1 avec :

  • l'accès d'excitation 7,
  • le guide d'alimentation ridgé 6,
  • le transformateur d'adaptation 8 mais ne comportant pas de ridge,
  • le polariseur 9.
We thus find the full low band (20 GHz) part of the radiating element 1 with:
  • excitation access 7,
  • the ridged feed guide 6,
  • the adaptation transformer 8 but not comprising a ridge,
  • the polarizer 9.

Outre l'absence de ridge sur le transformateur d'adaptation 8, la différence avec le premier mode de réalisation de l'élément rayonnant 1 se situe au niveau du circuit haute fréquence.Besides the absence of a ridge on the adaptation transformer 8, the difference with the first embodiment of the radiating element 1 is located at high frequency circuit level.

L'élément haute fréquence comporte un accès d'excitation coaxial 2 identique à celui de la forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 3 associé à une première extrémité d'un guide métallique d'alimentation 10 semblable au guide 3 des figures précédentes. The high frequency element has a coaxial excitation access 2 identical to that of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 associated with a first end of a metallic feed guide 10 similar to the guide 3 of the previous figures.

En effet, le guide 10 est de section transversale identique à celle du guide 3 mais de longueur (suivant l'axe Z) inférieure. Le guide 10 est logé dans le guide 6, au niveau du ridge 6a, de la même façon que le guide 3 dans les figures 1 à 3.
Le guide 10 s'interrompt sensiblement au niveau de la jonction entre le guide 6 et le transformateur d'adaptation 8, toute autre configuration restant possible. Là, le guide 10 est couplé de manière connue à une fibre hyperfréquence 11 disposée dans le prolongement du guide 10.In fact, the guide 10 has a cross section identical to that of the guide 3 but of shorter length (along the Z axis). The guide 10 is housed in the guide 6, at the level of the ridge 6a, in the same way as the guide 3 in FIGS. 1 to 3.
The guide 10 is substantially interrupted at the junction between the guide 6 and the adaptation transformer 8, any other configuration remaining possible. There, the guide 10 is coupled in a known manner to a microwave fiber 11 arranged in the extension of the guide 10.

La fibre hyperfréquence 11 est un guide diélectrique d'axe confondu avec l'axe Z et propageant uniquement le mode hybride H11 (mode fondamental).The microwave fiber 11 is a dielectric guide with an axis coincident with the Z axis and propagating only the H11 hybrid mode (mode fundamental).

La fibre 11 comporte, à la manière d'une fibre optique, un coeur plein cylindrique 12 entouré d'une gaine creuse 13 de forme tubulaire. Le coeur 12 et la gaine 13, peuvent être, par exemple, montés l'un dans l'autre selon un ajustement serré, ou glissant avec une solidarisation achevée par un collage.Fiber 11 has, like an optical fiber, a solid core cylindrical 12 surrounded by a hollow sheath 13 of tubular shape. The heart 12 and the sheath 13, can be, for example, mounted one inside the other according to a tight or sliding fit with a fastening completed by a collage.

Idéalement, la fibre hyperfréquence est réalisée de façon connue en matériau diélectrique du type dit "à saut d'indice", la gaine 13 présentant un indice relativement élevé (minimum 10 par exemple) afin d'assurer un bon confinement du mode hybride H11. Idéalement, l'indice du coeur 12 est légèrement supérieur à celui de la gaine 13.Ideally, the microwave fiber is produced in a manner known in dielectric material of the so-called "index jump" type, the sheath 13 having a relatively high index (minimum 10 for example) to ensure good confinement of hybrid mode H11. Ideally, the heart index 12 is slightly higher than that of the sheath 13.

Les matériaux pouvant être utilisés sont par exemple : le saphir synthétique, l'oxyde de Berilium, l'alumine... The materials that can be used are for example: synthetic sapphire, Berilium oxide, alumina ...

Le couplage entre le guide 10 et la fibre hyperfréquence 11 se fait par l'intermédiaire du coeur 12 qui présente, à son extrémité proche de l'accès d'excitation 2, un prolongement 12a pénétrant dans le guide 10. Ce prolongement 12a est de forme sensiblement conique s'évasant dans la direction de l'axe Z.The coupling between the guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 is done by through the heart 12 which has, at its end close to the access excitation 2, an extension 12a entering the guide 10. This extension 12a is of substantially conical shape flaring in the direction of the Z axis.

De façon avantageuse et afin de se passer de l'emploi d'un polariseur pour la haute fréquence, la fibre hyperfréquence 11 présente une géométrie telle qu'elle permet la génération d'une polarisation circulaire grâce à la génération de deux modes orthogonaux H11.Advantageously and in order to dispense with the use of a polarizer for high frequency, microwave fiber 11 has such a geometry that it allows the generation of a circular polarization thanks to the generation of two orthogonal modes H11.

Pour cela, le coeur 12 de la fibre hyperfréquence 11 se prolonge en dehors de la gaine 13 du côté opposé à celui du premier prolongement 12a en un second prolongement 12b de forme, vu en section transversale, elliptique.For this, the core 12 of the microwave fiber 11 extends outside of the sheath 13 on the side opposite that of the first extension 12a in one second shaped extension 12b, seen in cross section, elliptical.

Contrairement à la forme de la partie du coeur 12 qui se trouve entourée de la gaine 13, la forme particulière ellipsoïdale (de grand axe parallèle à l'axe Z) de la partie rayonnante 12b du coeur 12 de la fibre 11 permet une génération de la polarisation circulaire des ondes de façon simple et sans avoir à prévoir de pièces supplémentaires.Unlike the shape of the part of the heart 12 which is surrounded sheath 13, the particular ellipsoidal shape (of major axis parallel to the axis Z) of the radiating part 12b of the core 12 of the fiber 11 allows a generation of circular polarization of waves in a simple and without have to provide additional rooms.

Comme pour la première forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 3, la partie de l'élément rayonnant 1 travaillant en bande haute se trouve disposée coaxialement dans la partie métallique creuse travaillant en basse bande.As for the first embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the part of the radiating element 1 working in high band is disposed coaxially in the hollow metal part working in low band.

Ainsi, le guide d'alimentation 10 et la fibre hyperfréquence 11 traversent le guide d'alimentation ridgé 6, le transformateur d'adaptation 8 ainsi que le polariseur 9. Thus, the feed guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 pass through the ridged feed guide 6, the adapter transformer 8 and the polarizer 9.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux formes de réalisations décrites en liaison avec les figures 1 à 4, d'autres géométries ou agencements étant envisageables pour les différents éléments, notamment pour les guides d'alimentation 3, 6, 10, les polariseurs 5 et 9 ou la fibre 11, afin de générer une polarisation circulaire des ondes dans l'élément rayonnant coaxial 1.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4, other geometries or arrangements being possible for the various elements, in particular for the guides 3, 6, 10, polarizers 5 and 9 or fiber 11, to generate circular polarization of the waves in the coaxial radiating element 1.

Quelle que soit la géométrie adoptée, l'invention permet d'obtenir un élément rayonnant bi-bande présentant un encombrement réduit, apte à générer une polarisation circulaire sans faire appel à des circuits complémentaires, possédant un accès indépendant pour chaque sous-bande de fréquences et pouvant présenter un rapport de fréquence de fonctionnement compris entre 1.22 et 2.Whatever the geometry adopted, the invention makes it possible to obtain a dual-band radiating element having a reduced bulk, suitable for generate circular polarization without using circuits complementary, with independent access for each sub-band of frequencies and which may have a frequency ratio of operating between 1.22 and 2.

Ce type d'élément rayonnant est particulièrement adapté aux hautes fréquences, comme celles de la bande Ka par exemple.This type of radiating element is particularly suitable for high frequencies, like those in the Ka band for example.

Claims (7)

Elément rayonnant hyperfréquence 1 comportant des premiers et des seconds moyens aptes à véhiculer des ondes électromagnétiques respectivement à une première et une seconde bandes de fréquences, les premiers moyens comportant un guide d'ondes creux et métallique 6 apte à recevoir les seconds moyens de manière coaxiale, les seconds moyens comportant également un guide d'ondes creux et métallique 3, caractérisé en ce que les guides d'ondes (3, 6) constituant les premiers et seconds moyens comportent, chacun à leur extrémité et imbriqués l'un dans l'autre, un polariseur (5, 9).Microwave radiating element 1 comprising first and second means able to convey electromagnetic waves respectively at a first and a second frequency band, the first means comprising a hollow and metallic waveguide 6 capable of receiving the second means coaxially , the second means also comprising a hollow and metallic waveguide 3, characterized in that the waveguides (3, 6) constituting the first and second means comprise, each at their end and nested one in the other, a polarizer (5, 9). Elément rayonnant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les seconds moyens comportent un guide comprenant un coeur 12 et une gaine 13 tous deux en matériau diélectrique.Radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the second means comprise a guide comprising a core 12 and a sheath 13 both made of dielectric material. Elément rayonnant selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le guide diélectrique est une fibre hyperfréquence 11 apte à ne propager que le mode hybride H11.Radiating element according to claim 2, characterized in that the dielectric guide is a microwave fiber 11 capable of propagating only the hybrid mode H11. Elément rayonnant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la géométrie des polariseurs (5, 9) est telle que la polarisation des ondes électromagnétiques est circulaire.Radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometry of the polarizers (5, 9) is such that the polarization of the electromagnetic waves is circular. Elément rayonnant selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les polariseurs (5, 9) présentent une section transversale de forme rectangulaire ou elliptique. Radiating element according to claim 4, characterized in that the polarizers (5, 9) have a cross section of rectangular or elliptical shape. Elément rayonnant selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la géométrie du guide diélectrique est telle que la polarisation des ondes électromagnétiques est circulaire.Radiating element according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the geometry of the dielectric guide is such that the polarization of the electromagnetic waves is circular. Elément rayonnant selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le coeur 12 du guide diélectrique comporte un prolongement 12b, hors de la gaine 13, présentant une section transversale de forme elliptique, rectangulaire ou ellipsoïdale.Radiating element according to claim 6, characterized in that the core 12 of the dielectric guide has an extension 12b, outside the sheath 13, having a cross section of elliptical, rectangular or ellipsoidal shape.
EP01400810A 2000-04-20 2001-03-29 Dual-band microwave radiating element Expired - Lifetime EP1152483B1 (en)

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FR0005091A FR2808126B1 (en) 2000-04-20 2000-04-20 TWO-BAND RADIATION RADIATION ELEMENT
FR0005091 2000-04-20

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JP2001358526A (en) 2001-12-26
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FR2808126A1 (en) 2001-10-26
CA2342953A1 (en) 2001-10-20
JP5600359B2 (en) 2014-10-01
JP5355643B2 (en) 2013-11-27
EP1152483B1 (en) 2009-07-22
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ATE437452T1 (en) 2009-08-15
FR2808126B1 (en) 2003-10-03

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