EP1151977A1 - Process for generating a gas for providing energy - Google Patents

Process for generating a gas for providing energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1151977A1
EP1151977A1 EP00201611A EP00201611A EP1151977A1 EP 1151977 A1 EP1151977 A1 EP 1151977A1 EP 00201611 A EP00201611 A EP 00201611A EP 00201611 A EP00201611 A EP 00201611A EP 1151977 A1 EP1151977 A1 EP 1151977A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
process according
generating
generation
solid material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00201611A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald Peter Van Den Berg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO filed Critical Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority to EP00201611A priority Critical patent/EP1151977A1/en
Priority to AU2001255101A priority patent/AU2001255101A1/en
Priority to PCT/NL2001/000332 priority patent/WO2001083403A1/en
Publication of EP1151977A1 publication Critical patent/EP1151977A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/02—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for neutralising poisonous gases from explosives produced during blasting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to applied chemistry, more specifically to the generation of gases of low temperature for providing energy to a system.
  • the weight and size of the system for providing the gas for power generation is also an important consideration.
  • gas generating processes based on the decomposition or burning of chemical propellants and other compositions are frequently being used for a number of purposes. It is known that gas for inflation can be generated by decomposition or burning of solid materials, such as azides. However, these materials have the disadvantage that they generate a very hot gas, which is often unwanted, because of the hazards thereof to the environment or the object to be inflated.
  • the present invention is based on the use of a generator of cold gas by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  • the invention accordingly provides for a process for generating a gas for providing energy to a system, comprising providing a gas having a temperature of at most 100°C, by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  • the hot gas generated by the burning of a solid material passes through the porous material.
  • the heat of decomposition needed is given off by the hot gas, which cools as a consequence thereof.
  • the decomposition can consist of an endothermal reaction, or of a phase transition of the solid porous material.
  • phase transition are melting, evaporation and sublimation.
  • the present invention can be used especially for all kinds of systems, that are carried out at difficult locations, such as in unpopulated areas, on sea or under the water, for rescue and salvage operations, and the like.
  • the invention for all kinds of applications where now compressed gas, air, nitrogen, oxygen, etc, are being used.
  • the applications comprise the activation of valves, and other pneumatic systems.
  • Examples thereof are the opening and/or closing of pneumatic valves, especially for emergency situation, in the petrochemical industry, including the oil industry and oils wells.
  • the system of the invention can for example be used for emergency valves that can be activated when an emergency occurs, for example closing a valve in an oil well under sea, which might not be necessary for years.
  • As the present system does not require maintenance, it can be installed in the well, and stay there forever, without supervision. Systems based on compressed gas need regular maintenance, which makes them rather expensive and difficult to use at such locations.
  • Other emergency systems that may benefit from the present invention include emergency brakes for trains or lifts.
  • pneumatic tools can be contemplated in the scope of this invention, more in particular those tools that are only used occasionally, for example for rescue work (shears for cutting open wrecks).
  • an impulse to an object can be considered.
  • braking, accelerating or expelling an object can suitable be accomplished with the present invention.
  • objects to be expelled are all kinds of projectiles, including smoke canisters, sonar buoys, line throwers, bird scaring, fire works and the like.
  • a method of generating cold gases is used, based on the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  • the gas penetratable solid material comprises a nitrogen (or other gas) source and a heat absorbing mixture, whereby the gaseous reaction products are cooled by passing the hot gases through the porous body of the product in the moving direction of the reaction front.
  • the hot gases heat the porous body to a temperature necessary to support the endothermic chemical reaction taking place.
  • the heating of the porous body is necessary to enable the main reaction.
  • the decomposition of the cooling agent is also an endothermic chemical reaction.
  • the type of gas generating material can be freely selected among the suitable propellant or other gas generating materials.
  • the gas to be generated will be nitrogen, but it is also possible to use oxygen, hydrogen or a suitable mixture of gases.
  • the high temperature burning gases are passed through the layer of the cooling agent or the heat exchanger and the temperature of the gases decreases as a result of the endothermal decomposition process of, or heat absorption by the cooling agent.
  • the degree of cooling of the generated gas depends on the nature of the cooling agent, the mass of the cooling agent, which can sometimes exceeds the mass of the gas-generating composition. Generally the gas is cooled to a temperature below 100°C, but a value within the range of 25 to 75°C is preferred.
  • the decomposition reaction generally results in Na and the gas.
  • the formed gas is blown off and the slag remains.
  • This slag comprises of the remains of cementing agent and cooling agent and metallic sodium.
  • This highly chemically reactive sodium is thus generated.
  • This highly reactive material will accumulate in the condensed burning products and thus provides a potential hazard for persons involved. When moisture is present this can result in vigorous and dangerous reactions taking place in combination with the generation of the highly flammable and explosive hydrogen.
  • this problem can easily be overcome by the use of a gas generator comprising a first body, comprising means for the generation of gas, and a second body, comprising means for the generation of a neutralisation agent, wherein means are present for contacting the neutralisation agent with the reaction products formed in the generation of gas in the first body, and wherein means are present for operating the means in the second body at a temporal and/or spatial interval with the means in the first body.
  • the principle encompasses two gas generators in one housing.
  • a first gas generator with the primary task of generating gas of low temperature
  • a second gas generator with the primary task of generating neutralising compounds for the slag obtained from the first gas generator.
  • the first gas generator contains a composition from which gas of low temperature can be obtained by the decomposition of a gas generating composition in the form of a gas penetrable solid material wherein the generated gaseous products are passed through the porous body in the moving direction of the reaction front.
  • the second gas generator (the neutraliser) is another composition, comprising a gas generating composition together with an effective neutraliser compound, for instance sulphur.
  • an effective neutraliser compound for instance sulphur.
  • gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a time and space interval with the first gas generator.
  • the gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a rate and a manner that the effective neutralisation of slag is accomplished and the vaporised sulphur is not emitted.
  • the vaporised sulphur reacts with the reaction products from the first gas generator such that the products are effectively neutralised.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a process for generating a gas for providing energy to a system, comprising providing a gas having a temperature of at most 100°C, by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.

Description

  • The invention relates to applied chemistry, more specifically to the generation of gases of low temperature for providing energy to a system.
  • Transfer of energy to all kinds of systems using the kinetic energy of (compressed or high pressure) gas is a well-known method. Usually these systems are either based on compressed gases stored in cylinders, or on compressors driven by external power, such as gasoline or electricity. The latter approach is not useful in case the power/energy has to be provided on locations where such facilities are not available. Examples thereof can be found in all kinds of emergency systems, rescue and salvage systems and the like. Also the use of compressed gas has disadvantages, as these systems require maintenance and cannot be relied on in situations where only occasionally need exists for its use. Further, the use of compressed gases may have the disadvantage of temperature decrease due to adiabatic expansion. Especially when relatively large amounts of gas are expanded to low pressure, temperatures may drop to -50°C, with the result of icing-up, or even blocking the opening by freezing.
  • The weight and size of the system for providing the gas for power generation is also an important consideration.
  • Gas generating processes based on the decomposition or burning of chemical propellants and other compositions are frequently being used for a number of purposes. It is known that gas for inflation can be generated by decomposition or burning of solid materials, such as azides. However, these materials have the disadvantage that they generate a very hot gas, which is often unwanted, because of the hazards thereof to the environment or the object to be inflated.
  • Accordingly there is a need for a system for generating a gas for energy transfer, which system is reliable, does not require maintenance, and that can be used in isolated situations, without the need for external supervision. Further, such a system should be generating gas of a relatively low temperature, which is preferably not harmful to the environment.
  • The present invention is based on the use of a generator of cold gas by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  • The invention accordingly provides for a process for generating a gas for providing energy to a system, comprising providing a gas having a temperature of at most 100°C, by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  • The hot gas generated by the burning of a solid material passes through the porous material. The heat of decomposition needed is given off by the hot gas, which cools as a consequence thereof.
  • The decomposition can consist of an endothermal reaction, or of a phase transition of the solid porous material. Examples of phase transition are melting, evaporation and sublimation.
  • The present invention can be used especially for all kinds of systems, that are carried out at difficult locations, such as in unpopulated areas, on sea or under the water, for rescue and salvage operations, and the like.
  • More in particular it is possible to use the invention for all kinds of applications where now compressed gas, air, nitrogen, oxygen, etc, are being used. In general the applications comprise the activation of valves, and other pneumatic systems.
  • Examples thereof are the opening and/or closing of pneumatic valves, especially for emergency situation, in the petrochemical industry, including the oil industry and oils wells. The system of the invention can for example be used for emergency valves that can be activated when an emergency occurs, for example closing a valve in an oil well under sea, which might not be necessary for years. As the present system does not require maintenance, it can be installed in the well, and stay there forever, without supervision. Systems based on compressed gas need regular maintenance, which makes them rather expensive and difficult to use at such locations. Other emergency systems that may benefit from the present invention include emergency brakes for trains or lifts.
  • Other uses of the invention include the expulsion and/or dispersion of liquids or solids, such as water or powder for fire extinguishing purposes, materials for generating smoke or clouds (mono- or multispectral, depending on the temperature). This smoke or cloud may be useful in rescue and salvage work, for example in locating lost objects or persons. Also for other situations the generation of smoke may be useful, such as in case of riots or disturbances.
  • Also the use of pneumatic tools can be contemplated in the scope of this invention, more in particular those tools that are only used occasionally, for example for rescue work (shears for cutting open wrecks).
  • Within the scope of the present invention also the provision of an impulse to an object can be considered. For example braking, accelerating or expelling an object can suitable be accomplished with the present invention. Examples of objects to be expelled are all kinds of projectiles, including smoke canisters, sonar buoys, line throwers, bird scaring, fire works and the like.
  • All these applications have in common that they require a relatively cold and harmless gas to be generated at short notice at locations where no external power is available. Important in these applications is also that the equipment is relatively compact and remains reliable even after long periods of storage, without maintenance or testing. Especially the use of compressed gas requires continuous maintenance activities. For example in remote locations this may be difficult to arrange.
  • In the present invention a method of generating cold gases, specifically nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, or a gas-mixture, is used, based on the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material. The gas penetratable solid material comprises a nitrogen (or other gas) source and a heat absorbing mixture, whereby the gaseous reaction products are cooled by passing the hot gases through the porous body of the product in the moving direction of the reaction front. The hot gases heat the porous body to a temperature necessary to support the endothermic chemical reaction taking place. The heating of the porous body is necessary to enable the main reaction. The decomposition of the cooling agent is also an endothermic chemical reaction.
  • The type of gas generating material can be freely selected among the suitable propellant or other gas generating materials. Generally the gas to be generated will be nitrogen, but it is also possible to use oxygen, hydrogen or a suitable mixture of gases.
  • The high temperature burning gases are passed through the layer of the cooling agent or the heat exchanger and the temperature of the gases decreases as a result of the endothermal decomposition process of, or heat absorption by the cooling agent.
  • The degree of cooling of the generated gas depends on the nature of the cooling agent, the mass of the cooling agent, which can sometimes exceeds the mass of the gas-generating composition. Generally the gas is cooled to a temperature below 100°C, but a value within the range of 25 to 75°C is preferred.
  • When sodium compounds are used as the gas source for the low temperature gas production, the decomposition reaction generally results in Na and the gas. The formed gas is blown off and the slag remains. This slag comprises of the remains of cementing agent and cooling agent and metallic sodium. Under these conditions of gas generation the highly chemically reactive sodium is thus generated. This highly reactive material will accumulate in the condensed burning products and thus provides a potential hazard for persons involved. When moisture is present this can result in vigorous and dangerous reactions taking place in combination with the generation of the highly flammable and explosive hydrogen.
  • According to a preferred embodiment this problem can easily be overcome by the use of a gas generator comprising a first body, comprising means for the generation of gas, and a second body, comprising means for the generation of a neutralisation agent, wherein means are present for contacting the neutralisation agent with the reaction products formed in the generation of gas in the first body, and wherein means are present for operating the means in the second body at a temporal and/or spatial interval with the means in the first body.
  • The principle encompasses two gas generators in one housing. A first gas generator with the primary task of generating gas of low temperature, and a second gas generator with the primary task of generating neutralising compounds for the slag obtained from the first gas generator.
  • The first gas generator contains a composition from which gas of low temperature can be obtained by the decomposition of a gas generating composition in the form of a gas penetrable solid material wherein the generated gaseous products are passed through the porous body in the moving direction of the reaction front.
  • The second gas generator (the neutraliser) is another composition, comprising a gas generating composition together with an effective neutraliser compound, for instance sulphur. With the neutraliser composition gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a time and space interval with the first gas generator. The gas and vaporised sulphur is generated at a rate and a manner that the effective neutralisation of slag is accomplished and the vaporised sulphur is not emitted. The vaporised sulphur reacts with the reaction products from the first gas generator such that the products are effectively neutralised.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for generating a gas for providing energy to a system, comprising providing a gas having a temperature of at most 100°C, by using the endothermal decomposition of a product made of gas penetrable solid material.
  2. Process according to claim 1, wherein a combustible gas generating material is combusted and the generated hot gas is passed through the gas penetrable solid material.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gas generator is used, comprising a first body, comprising means for the generation of gas, and a second body, comprising means for the generation of a neutralisation agent, wherein means are present for contacting the neutralisation agent with the reaction products formed in the generation of gas in the first body, and wherein means are present for operating the means in the second body at a temporal and/or spatial interval with the means in the first body.
  4. Process according to anyone of the claims 1-3, wherein the gas is selected from the group of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and gasmixtures.
  5. Process according to claim 1-4, wherein the gas is used for opening and/or closing of pneumatic valves.
  6. Process according to claim 1-4, wherein the gas is used for activating emergency brakes for trains or lifts.
  7. Process according to claim 1-4, wherein the gas is used for expulsion and/or dispersion of liquids or solids, such as water or powder for fire extinguishing purposes, as well as materials for generating smoke or clouds.
  8. Process according to claim 1-4, wherein the gas is used for operating pneumatic tools.
  9. Process according to claim 1-4, wherein the gas is used for the provision of an impulse to an object.
  10. Process according to claim 9, wherein the gas is used for braking, accelerating or expelling an object.
  11. Process according to claim 10, wherein the gas is used for expelling projectiles, including smoke canisters, sonar buoys, line throwers, bird scaring, fire works and the like.
EP00201611A 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy Withdrawn EP1151977A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00201611A EP1151977A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy
AU2001255101A AU2001255101A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2001-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy
PCT/NL2001/000332 WO2001083403A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2001-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00201611A EP1151977A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1151977A1 true EP1151977A1 (en) 2001-11-07

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00201611A Withdrawn EP1151977A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Process for generating a gas for providing energy

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1151977A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001255101A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001083403A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106563231A (en) * 2016-10-13 2017-04-19 长沙中联消防机械有限公司 Fire-extinguishing control method, fire-extinguishing control device and fire-extinguishing control system for fire-fighting truck, and fire-fighting truck
CN110768338A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-02-07 广州供电局有限公司 Electrostatic net bird repelling protection method and electrostatic net bird repelling device

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US2744816A (en) * 1947-10-10 1956-05-08 Ici Ltd Solid gas-generating charges
US3066014A (en) * 1958-04-18 1962-11-27 Hycon Mfg Company Cool gas generator
US4298412A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-11-03 Thiokol Corporation Gas generator composition for producing cool effluent gases with reduced hydrogen cyanide content
GB2184719A (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-07-01 Yeda Res & Dev Nitrogen sources
US4758287A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-07-19 Talley Industries, Inc. Porous propellant grain and method of making same
DE4318883A1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-09 Trw Inc Automotive airbag inflator - has layered materials contg. azide and oxidant igniting and burning at controlled rate to achieve optimum inflation and protection of vehicle occupants
US5511481A (en) * 1995-01-23 1996-04-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight pyrotechnic compressor
WO1996040541A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Takata Moses Lake, Inc. Airbag inflator system
EP0767155A1 (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Morton International, Inc. Heterogeneous gas generant charges
RU2108282C1 (en) * 1996-11-28 1998-04-10 Научно-производственное объединение "Алтай" Method and device for producing cold gases
WO2000006424A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-10 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Treatment of airbag inflation gases

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US2744816A (en) * 1947-10-10 1956-05-08 Ici Ltd Solid gas-generating charges
FR1099904A (en) * 1949-08-03 1955-09-14 Improvements to processes and devices for the production of pressurized gases
US3066014A (en) * 1958-04-18 1962-11-27 Hycon Mfg Company Cool gas generator
US4298412A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-11-03 Thiokol Corporation Gas generator composition for producing cool effluent gases with reduced hydrogen cyanide content
GB2184719A (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-07-01 Yeda Res & Dev Nitrogen sources
US4758287A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-07-19 Talley Industries, Inc. Porous propellant grain and method of making same
DE4318883A1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-09 Trw Inc Automotive airbag inflator - has layered materials contg. azide and oxidant igniting and burning at controlled rate to achieve optimum inflation and protection of vehicle occupants
US5511481A (en) * 1995-01-23 1996-04-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight pyrotechnic compressor
WO1996040541A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Takata Moses Lake, Inc. Airbag inflator system
EP0767155A1 (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Morton International, Inc. Heterogeneous gas generant charges
RU2108282C1 (en) * 1996-11-28 1998-04-10 Научно-производственное объединение "Алтай" Method and device for producing cold gases
WO2000006424A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-10 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Treatment of airbag inflation gases

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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 132, no. 1, 3 January 2000, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 4539z, A.M. TELENGATOR ET AL.: "Ignition analysis of a porous energetic material: II. Ignition at a closed heated end." page 525; XP002140539 *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 132, no. 7, 12 February 2000, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 80495x, V.A. SHANDAKOV ET AL.: "Cold gas generators multiple use in hazardous situations" page 845; XP002140538 *
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DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; KOMAROV V F ET AL: "Propellants, their properties, and regions of application", XP002140540, Database accession no. EIX99464805134 *
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106563231A (en) * 2016-10-13 2017-04-19 长沙中联消防机械有限公司 Fire-extinguishing control method, fire-extinguishing control device and fire-extinguishing control system for fire-fighting truck, and fire-fighting truck
CN106563231B (en) * 2016-10-13 2019-06-04 长沙中联消防机械有限公司 Fire extinguishing control method, control device, control system and the fire fighting truck of fire fighting truck
CN110768338A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-02-07 广州供电局有限公司 Electrostatic net bird repelling protection method and electrostatic net bird repelling device

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Publication number Publication date
AU2001255101A1 (en) 2001-11-12
WO2001083403A1 (en) 2001-11-08

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Effective date: 20020508