EP1151184B1 - Systeme de gaz d'echappement comportant au moins une surface de guidage - Google Patents

Systeme de gaz d'echappement comportant au moins une surface de guidage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1151184B1
EP1151184B1 EP00907462A EP00907462A EP1151184B1 EP 1151184 B1 EP1151184 B1 EP 1151184B1 EP 00907462 A EP00907462 A EP 00907462A EP 00907462 A EP00907462 A EP 00907462A EP 1151184 B1 EP1151184 B1 EP 1151184B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
honeycomb body
guide surface
section
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00907462A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1151184A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Maus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP1151184A1 publication Critical patent/EP1151184A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1151184B1 publication Critical patent/EP1151184B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system with a collector for merging exhaust gas flows from two or more cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the collector having an outlet cross section, behind which a jacket pipe connects, in which a honeycomb body is arranged. Furthermore, a method for supplying exhaust gas flows to a honeycomb body is dealt with.
  • an exhaust system with a perforated baffle plate is known from US Pat. No. 5,351,483, which is arranged in a collector in front of a honeycomb body and leads to a spatially homogeneous flow profile of the pulsating exhaust gas originating from different cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
  • US 4,420,933 an exhaust system with a honeycomb body is known, in which the cross-section to be flowed through decreases at the transition to the tubular casing of the honeycomb body.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the emission behavior of an internal combustion engine, in particular in the cold start phase, in particular the service life of a honeycomb body used close to the engine to be extended.
  • the exhaust system according to the invention with a collector for merging exhaust gas flows from two or more cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the collector having an outlet cross section, behind which a jacket pipe connects, in which a honeycomb body is arranged, is characterized in that between the outlet cross section and the The honeycomb body is a space to be flowed through, in which at least one first guide surface for deflecting at least some of the exhaust gas streams is part of the casing tube and the first guide surface is designed as a type of orifice which reduces the free cross section behind the outlet cross section, which in turn reduces the free cross section of the jacket tube connects.
  • Such a first guide surface delays the impact of the individual exhaust gas flows on the upstream end face of the honeycomb body.
  • the swirling of the exhaust gas streams leads to improved mixing of a total exhaust gas stream supplied to the honeycomb body, which in particular improves the subsequent catalytic reaction.
  • the measuring accuracy of a lambda probe for measuring the oxygen content which may be arranged in the collecting space or behind it, is also increased, since the somewhat uneven composition of the individual exhaust gas streams is at least partially compensated for.
  • the first guide surface absorbs and reduces a pressure gradient. The downstream honeycomb body is relieved of this pressure gradient. Damage due to the pulsation flow, which could occur over a long operating period, is thereby advantageously avoided.
  • the first guide surface is designed such that the exhaust gas flows are deflected in front of the honeycomb body.
  • the deflection which means a significant change in the original flow direction of the exhaust gas streams, in turn delays their impact on the honeycomb body, so that, in particular, there is already an interaction with the next exhaust gas pulse from another exhaust gas line in order to equalize the pressure.
  • a negative pressure after the pressure pulse is also established in the other cylinders.
  • Vortex formation in turn leads to a good mixing of the fluid flow.
  • a further development of the first guide surface provides that it is designed such that the exhaust gas flows flow back at least in part. This means that the exhaust gas flows are at least partially redirected in the direction from which they come in.
  • the first guide surface is preferably arranged such that it is at least partially opposite the exhaust gas flows flowing in the room.
  • a further development provides that the first guide surface is arranged so that a direct flow of the exhaust gas flows to the honeycomb body is at least partially blocked.
  • the first guide surface provides, for example, to use a guide plate for this.
  • the baffle must be able to absorb occurring temperature and pressure differences.
  • the first guide surface is designed such that it reduces the free cross section behind the outlet cross section, which is followed again by the free cross section of the casing tube.
  • the first guide surface is therefore preferably designed as a type of diaphragm.
  • Alternative and / or cumulative designs of a first guide surface provide that it is uniformly and / or unevenly, partially or entirely distributed holes and / or cutouts on the lateral outer edge and / or at least one edge opening and / or at least one curvature on at least one of their surfaces having.
  • a vortex space is preferably formed as a reaction space. There is sufficient space in this, for example, to ensure that the individual exhaust gas flows can be mixed. Furthermore, this vortex space also serves in a certain way as a calming space for the total exhaust gas flow that finally occurs on the end face of the honeycomb body.
  • a suitable dimensioning of the swirl space can be used to set the manner in which mixing takes place after swirling through the guide surface.
  • the shape of the swirl chamber also determines the manner in which pressure gradients of the individual exhaust gas flows act against one another and can ultimately be equalized.
  • the swirl chamber also serves to form a uniform temperature distribution within the total exhaust gas flow ultimately striking the honeycomb body.
  • the first guide surface is arranged closer to the outlet cross section than to the honeycomb body.
  • the guide surface catches a pressure gradient much earlier.
  • it succeeds in distributing a resulting total flow behind the guide surface from different exhaust gas flows so far over the adjoining free cross-section of the casing tube that the entire end face of the honeycomb body is flowed evenly over its cross-section.
  • the formation of back vortices behind the guide surface can interact with a corresponding design of the flow surface be avoided.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention in a casing pipe for an exhaust system is characterized in that at least one first guide surface is part of the casing pipe. This can be done, for example, by appropriate crimping or the like during manufacture of the casing tube.
  • the method according to the invention for supplying exhaust gas flows to a honeycomb body, which flows at least partially from different directions get to the honeycomb body is characterized in that the exhaust gas streams before they hit the honeycomb body by at least a first guide surface integrated in the casing tube, which is designed as a kind of screen which reduces the free cross section behind an outlet cross section, which in turn reduces the free cross section of the jacket tube connects, are deflected so that they flow at least partially in a direction opposite to the exhaust gas streams and thus hit the honeycomb body with a delay.
  • the individual exhaust gas flows are deflected in such a way that they flow at least partially in the opposite direction, mix with one another and only then hit the honeycomb body.
  • This method is particularly preferred if the exhaust gas flows flow to the honeycomb body in a pressure-pulsating manner. The method is also very useful if the individual exhaust gas flows flow towards the honeycomb body at different times.
  • the exhaust gas streams deflected and swirled by the first guide surface flow through a second guide surface, whereby in addition to the described advantages, in particular the entire end face of the honeycomb body is evenly more uniform over its surface Cross-section is flown.
  • the drawing shows a preferred field of application of the invention.
  • the invention can also be used in particular where several individual fluid streams from different directions meet and immediately afterwards meet a honeycomb body with a catalytically active coating, with particular advantages of the invention for fluid streams result that on the one hand have pressure gradients, staggered in time, in particular flow into one another, react chemically or have temperature gradients within the fluid flow or between fluid flows.
  • an exhaust system 1 shows a preferred field of application of an exhaust system 1 with a collector 2 for merging exhaust gas flows from two or more cylinders, not shown, of an internal combustion engine, in particular four exhaust gas flows of a four-cylinder engine.
  • a jacket tube 3 in which a honeycomb body 7 is arranged as a starting catalyst.
  • the exhaust system 1 is preferably constructed so that first flanges 4 each lead to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine, while a second flange 5 in the flow direction through the collector 2 behind the casing pipe 3 for connection, for example, to an exhaust line, not shown leads towards a silencer.
  • the exhaust system 1 forms a single component which can be installed as a whole in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine.
  • the exhaust system 1 has a parting plane 6, so that the collector 2 and the casing tube 3 can be separated from one another again, for example for exchanging the starting catalytic converter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the exhaust system 1 from FIG. 1. Objects of the same type have the same reference numbers.
  • a first guide surface 8 is arranged in a space 10 to be flowed through between the collector 2 and the honeycomb body 7 as the starting catalyst. From the respective individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine, a first exhaust gas flow 11, a second exhaust gas flow 12, a third exhaust gas flow 13 and a fourth exhaust gas flow 14, each indicated by an arrow, pass through an outlet cross-section 9 of the collector 2, here indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 2 a swirl chamber 15.
  • the individual exhaust gas flows 11, 12, 13, 14 can lead to a selective application of an end face 16 of the honeycomb body 7.
  • the first guide surface 8 is arranged in the space 10 to be flowed through in such a way that the individual exhaust gas flows 11, 12, 13, 14 are at least partially swirled and deflected.
  • the first exhaust gas flow 11 partially rebounds from the first guide surface 8 and flows against the adjacent second exhaust gas flow 12. This results in the mixing of these two exhaust gas flows 11, 12.
  • This can be used in particular due to the pressure pulsations in the exhaust system 1 by the acting cylinder movements.
  • the mixing of the exhaust gas flows 11, 12, 13, 14 can be optimized in particular so that there is an increased dwell time in the space 10 to be flowed through for a wide load range of the engine.
  • the first exhaust gas stream 11 is mixed again due to the swirling, but at the same time mixing with the adjacent second exhaust gas stream 12 is also effected. Because of this, reactions and conversions in the exhaust gas mixture which have not yet been carried out are excited, temperature differences are compensated for and a uniform volume flow flows as a resultant gas flow onto the honeycomb body 7, It is therefore preferred that the first beit Structure 8 has a greater distance from the end face 16 of the honeycomb body 7 than to the outlet cross section 9 of the collector 2.
  • the distance A between the end face 16 of the honeycomb body 7 and the outlet cross section 9 is chosen in particular so that a resulting total exhaust gas flow 17, shown here as a fanning multiple arrow, at least largely flows onto the entire end face 16 of the honeycomb body 7.
  • Mixing due to swirling and backflow of the individual exhaust gas flows 11, 12, 13, 14 also results in a point-increased, thermally induced voltage. of the honeycomb body 7 is reduced in the region of the end face 16, which in turn leads to an evening out of the thermal load on the honeycomb body 7 when the conversion of previously unburned hydrocarbons is still to be carried out.
  • Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of a guide surface 8, which has the shape of an annular aperture.
  • the diaphragm has an opening 18 in the middle through which the total exhaust gas stream flows after mixing in the direction of the honeycomb body.
  • the guide surface 8 in the manner of an annular diaphragm is flush at its outer edge 19 with a casing tube of the honeycomb body, so that flow of an exhaust gas flow is prevented there.
  • An alternative to this provides that evenly and / or unevenly distributed cutouts 20, which are indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3, also allow a flow along the outer edge 19 and / or that the guide surface 8, as in the right side of Fig. 3, has partially or entirely evenly and / or unevenly distributed holes 29 through which exhaust gas can flow.
  • a second such guide surface between the first guide surface and the honeycomb body can be arranged offset one behind the other and have different flow cross sections.
  • Fig. 4 shows a guide surface 8.
  • This has a first surface 21 and a second surface 22.
  • the first and second surfaces 21, 22 are curved and have an opening 18 approximately in the middle thereof Flow.
  • the curvatures 23 support the deflection of the exhaust gas streams striking the surfaces 21, 22.
  • both surfaces 21, 22 each have a border 24, which is irregularly and differently curved.
  • This design supports the swirling of the exhaust gas flows among one another, which is not promoted by the fact that, for example, two such guide surfaces are arranged one behind the other offset from one another.
  • the guide surface (s) is / are designed in such a way that the resulting total exhaust gas flow after flowing through is distributed over a total cross-section of the end face of the subsequent honeycomb body, if possible without any separation flow
  • FIG. 5 shows a guide surface 8. This has a third surface 25 and fourth surface 26. In addition to an approximately centrally arranged opening 18, there is also an edge opening 27 between an outer edge 19 and the respective third surface 25 or fourth surface 26. This has the effect that behind the surfaces 25, 26 no dead flow area is created. Rather, the flow through the edge opening 27 leads to the formation of a negative pressure region along the sides of the surfaces 25, 26 facing the honeycomb body. This has the effect that the total exhaust gas flow when flowing through at least one or two guide surfaces 8 according to FIG. 5 is again very short distributed over the entire free flow cross section of the jacket tube.
  • Fig. 6 shows the guide surface 8 of FIG. 5 in cross section along the line VI-VI.
  • a material ring 28 can be seen, to which the third surface 25 and fourth surface 26 are attached. Furthermore, the respective curvature 23 of both surfaces 25, 26 for deflecting and backflow of the incident exhaust gas flows can be seen.
  • Partial segment-shaped guide surfaces can also be arranged, which do not have to be arranged with one another on the same level as an adjacent guide surface. Rather, as with the arrangement of a plurality of annular guide surfaces, these can be offset from one another and also each have a different design.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Système de gaz d'échappement (1) comportant un collecteur (2) pour réunir des flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) de deux ou plus de deux cylindres d'un moteur à combustion interne, dans quel cas le collecteur (2) a une section transversale de sortie (9), qui est suivie d'un tube d'enveloppe (3) dans lequel un corps en nids d'abeilles (7) est agencé, caractérisé en ce qu'entre la section transversale de sortie (15) et le corps en nids d'abeilles (7) il y a un espace (10) devant être parcouru dans lequel au moins une première surface de guidage (8) pour dévier au moins une partie des flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) fait partie du tube d'enveloppe (3), et la première surface de guidage (8) est réalisée à la façon d'un déflecteur qui réduit la section transversale libre derrière la section transversale de sortie (9), le tout étant suivi à nouveau par la section transversale libre du tube d'enveloppe (3).
  2. Système de gaz d'échappement (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première surface de guidage (8) présente des trous (29) répartis régulièrement et/ou irrégulièrement, partiellement ou complètement et/ou présente des découpes (20) sur le bord latéral extérieur (19) et/ou au moins une ouverture bord (27) et/ou sur au moins une de ses surfaces (21, 22, 25, 26) au moins une courbure (23).
  3. Système de gaz d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un espace de tourbillonnement (15) est réalisé entre la section transversale de sortie (9) et la première surface de guidage (8).
  4. Système de gaz d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première surface de guidage (8) est agencée plus près de la section transversale de sortie (9) que du corps en nids d'abeilles (7).
  5. Système de gaz d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans l'espace devant être parcouru (10) une deuxième surface de guidage est agencée entre la première surface de guidage (8) et le corps en nids d'abeilles (7).
  6. Système de gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première surface de guidage (8) est intégrée dans le tube d'enveloppe (3) à une distance (A) devant le corps en nids d'abeilles (7).
  7. Procédé destiné à soumettre un corps en nids d'abeilles (7) à des flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) qui parviennent au moins partiellement de directions différentes jusqu'au corps en nids d'abeilles (7), caractérisé en ce qu'avant de rencontrer le corps en nids d'abeilles (7) les flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) sont déviés par au moins une première surface de guidage (8), intégrée dans le tube d'enveloppe et réalisée à la façon d'un déflecteur qui réduit la section transversale libre derrière une section transversale de sortie (9), le tout étant à suivi nouveau par la section transversale libre du tube d'enveloppe (3), de telle manière qu'ils s'écoulent au moins partiellement dans une direction opposée aux flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) et qu'ils rencontrent ainsi avec retard le corps en nids d'abeilles (7).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) affluent avec une pression de pulsation vers le corps en nids d'abeilles (7) et que par la déviation un apaisement de la pression de pulsation a lieu.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que les flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) s'écoulent vers le corps en nids d'abeilles (7) de manière à être décalés temporellement l'un par rapport à l'autre.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les flux de gaz d'échappement (11, 12, 13, 14) déviés par la première surface de guidage (8) parcourent une deuxième surface de guidage.
EP00907462A 1999-02-08 2000-01-11 Systeme de gaz d'echappement comportant au moins une surface de guidage Expired - Lifetime EP1151184B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19905032A DE19905032A1 (de) 1999-02-08 1999-02-08 Abgassystem mit wenigstens einer Leitfläche
DE19905032 1999-02-08
PCT/EP2000/000139 WO2000047878A1 (fr) 1999-02-08 2000-01-11 Systeme de gaz d'echappement comportant au moins une surface de guidage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1151184A1 EP1151184A1 (fr) 2001-11-07
EP1151184B1 true EP1151184B1 (fr) 2003-09-10

Family

ID=7896761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00907462A Expired - Lifetime EP1151184B1 (fr) 1999-02-08 2000-01-11 Systeme de gaz d'echappement comportant au moins une surface de guidage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6487854B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1151184B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4526190B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2904100A (fr)
DE (2) DE19905032A1 (fr)
MY (1) MY122685A (fr)
RU (1) RU2227834C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000047878A1 (fr)

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WO2010053033A1 (fr) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Dispositif d’épuration des gaz d’échappement pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102009018104A1 (de) 2008-11-10 2010-05-12 Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co. Kg Abgaskrümmer
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DE102011101947B4 (de) 2011-05-18 2015-05-21 Tenneco Gmbh Sammler für Krümmerrohre
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JP6051556B2 (ja) * 2012-03-22 2016-12-27 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関
US9328641B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2016-05-03 Kohler Co. Power management system that includes a wet exhaust system
JP5849986B2 (ja) * 2013-04-18 2016-02-03 マツダ株式会社 エンジンの触媒付き排気管構造
WO2016035156A1 (fr) 2014-09-03 2016-03-10 日産自動車株式会社 Dispositif d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne
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US11156198B1 (en) 2020-07-02 2021-10-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a pre-chamber system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2227834C2 (ru) 2004-04-27
DE50003635D1 (de) 2003-10-16
JP2002536589A (ja) 2002-10-29
EP1151184A1 (fr) 2001-11-07
MY122685A (en) 2006-04-29
AU2904100A (en) 2000-08-29
US20020017097A1 (en) 2002-02-14
WO2000047878A1 (fr) 2000-08-17
JP4526190B2 (ja) 2010-08-18
US6487854B2 (en) 2002-12-03
DE19905032A1 (de) 2000-08-10

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