EP1146310A1 - Improvements related to multitubular shell-type heat exchangers and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Improvements related to multitubular shell-type heat exchangers and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP1146310A1 EP1146310A1 EP01430014A EP01430014A EP1146310A1 EP 1146310 A1 EP1146310 A1 EP 1146310A1 EP 01430014 A EP01430014 A EP 01430014A EP 01430014 A EP01430014 A EP 01430014A EP 1146310 A1 EP1146310 A1 EP 1146310A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exchanger according
- cap
- exchanger
- profile
- face
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/20—Fastening; Joining with threaded elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements made to shell and tube multitubular heat exchangers and methods of making these exchangers.
- the invention is particularly applicable to heat exchangers between a first fluid circulating in a plurality of tubes forming a multitubular bundle, and a second fluid circulating around the tubes, in a defined cylindrical cavity by a hollow body (or calender) in which the bundle of tubes extends; typical applications: heat exchangers for heat engines, reducers, inverters, compressors, hydraulic units ...; in this type of known exchanger, the transfer of thermal energy between the hot source and the cold source takes place in particular by conduction through the wall of the tubes; in order to get a transfer flow sufficient energy (and / or heat exchange coefficient), the tubes are made made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, such as a metal alloy with based on copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium or stainless steels.
- the invention applies in particular to such exchangers comprising two tubular plates in the general shape of a disc, which are pierced with a plurality orifices, and in which each of the two ends of each of the tubes is engaged in one of the orifices of a tubular plate and is secured in a sealed manner to this plate, in particular by brazing, welding or swaging.
- the tube bundle generally comprises, in addition to the tubes and the plates end tubes, baffles for guiding the flow of the second fluid inside the hollow body; these baffles are generally essentially formed by thin plates extending transversely to the tubes and parallel to the end tubular plates, are evenly spaced along tubes and close part of the cross section - generally circular - of the hollow body, to guide the second fluid.
- Such exchangers generally also comprise, at each of its two longitudinal ends, a cap (water box) respectively covering a said tubular plates, and allowing either the connection of the exchanger to two conduits (external to the exchanger) for transporting the first fluid, i.e. guiding this fluid in the case of a "blind" cap, ie devoid of connection to a external duct.
- the hollow body is provided with an opening for the entry of the second fluid into said cavity as well as an outlet for this fluid;
- the hollow body is generally consisting of a generally tubular part provided with each of its two longitudinal ends of an annular flange; each flange is pierced with several orifices extending along the longitudinal axis of the exchanger and receiving screws - or similar fasteners - allowing to be joined to the body, in a sealed manner, at least one of the tubular plates as well as the two caps.
- the body of the small exchangers are generally manufactured by molding (without pressure) of a metal alloy, the body and the flanges being molded in one piece; this technique has drawbacks: the face internal body must be machined over its entire length to exhibit roughness and a geometric quality compatible with the use made of it; the faces flanges must also be raised; these molded parts frequently have defects in their mass resulting in porosity incompatible with the waterproof wall function which they must fulfill; moreover, these faults can only be validly checked after mechanical machining (boring, turning ...); it is thus necessary to discard expensive parts; the pressureless molding technique (in sand molds) further prevents to make thin walls.
- An object of the invention is to propose such exchangers which are improved, as well as a manufacturing process of these exchangers which allow reduce the cost.
- the invention consists of a process for manufacturing such exchangers, in which a blank is produced by extruding a material to form a hollow section, then from which a section of said section is cut profiled; this process makes it possible to obtain a blank defining a cylindrical cavity of generally circular section whose geometry and surface condition are good enough to avoid the need for subsequent machining of the internal face of the wall of the body even when the end of this wall forms a scope for seals; using a homogeneous material and thanks to the pressurization of the material allowing its passage through the die, a blank is obtained free of faults (micro cavities), and therefore non-porous.
- the invention consists in proposing such exchangers whose the hollow body essentially consists of one or more sections of profile extrusion molded, and has no end flange.
- the profile (or contour) - in a cross section - external of the external face of the hollow cylindrical body is not entirely circular: this profile external can include at least one rectilinear segment which is tangent to a first circle concentric with a second circle corresponding to the transverse profile of the internal face of the wall and / or of the body; to this straight segment of the external profile corresponds to a flat part of the external face of the hollow body; this flat face thus preferably extends tangentially to a cylinder coaxial with the hollow body, in a part of the wall of the body which has said inlet and outlet openings said second fluid; this facilitates the mechanical connection to the hollow body of two external conduits for transporting this fluid; preferably this part of the wall of the body, which extends under (opposite) this planar face, has a thickness greater than the average thickness of the tubular wall of the body; this results in a large rib (or longitudinal boss) which facilitates the production of said orifices under form of tapped holes suitable for receiving
- the transverse external profile of the body may preferably include other rectilinear segments, to which projecting ribs (or many hollow grooves) formed on the external surface of the hollow body and extending longitudinally; in particular these ribs or grooves can marry an I, V or U profile and can be used to fix the body (and the exchanger) on a support, and / or the attachment of connection connector of the transport conduits of the second fluid (Figure 9).
- the exchangers according to the invention do not include rigid connection means between the hollow body and the tube bundle, the mechanical connection between these elements essentially resulting from the contact (support) forces acting between these two parts via two first sealing members such as two seals toric, which are flattened (compressed) between two cylindrical bearing faces (or litters) provided respectively on each of these two parts; in the absence of these sealing members, the beam can freely slide in the body cavity; in the presence of these sealing members the bundle can slide in the cavity under the action of sufficient effort, in particular under the action of lengthening the bundle tubes, due to their thermal expansion; each of said organs sealing is generally housed in an annular groove; preferably these grooves are provided on the external face of the tubular plates; this avoids the making (more expensive) grooves on the internal face of the wall of the hollow body; this then only requires the production of a chamfer at its end (s) internal (s), which allows to introduce by sliding a beam whose plate tubular is provided with the seal without damaging this seal and facilitating its crushing.
- each cap is respectively fixed to one or the other of the plates tubular of the bundle, thanks to a first rigid connection means provided in part central of the external face of the plate, such as a tapped hole, and by means guide and support which is provided in the central part of the cap, such as a sleeve (or insert), which is capable of receiving a second rigid connection means - such as a screw - complementary to said first rigid connection means.
- a second annular sealing member which is preferably resting (radial) on two cylindrical faces respectively provided on the plate on the one hand and on the cap on the other hand, the sealing member being slightly crushed (compressed) between these two faces arranged coaxial and facing each other; in arranging these two faces respectively at each end of the plate tubular on the one hand and the cap on the other hand, we obtain an engagement of these joint bearing surfaces (bearing) with the joint to form a tight assembly, in exerting a relatively weak effort which can result from mutual engagement said rigid connection means provided in the central part of the cap and of the plate, in particular by screwing a single screw; these efforts are much less than those to be exercised to ensure a tight connection by a crushed O-ring between two parallel flat bearing faces, as is the case with flange connections.
- each of said two plates tubular end comprises a groove receiving said first sealing member with the hollow body, and has a counterbore opening on its external face and carrying said second sealing member with the associated cap, and the length of the body hollow is greater than the distance separating the two grooves respectively provided on each of the tubular plates and is less than the distance separating the two counterbores; therefore, the first sealing members are (after mounting) arranged set back from the ends of the body and the second sealing members are arranged beyond the ends of the body, that is to say outside of it; he follows that in the event of a defect in one of these sealing members producing a leak of either of the two fluids, the leakage current flows outside the body and is therefore identifiable; furthermore, no mixture of these two fluids can result from such a default.
- the sealing means between the tube plate and the cap allows to use, for the realization of the cap, a resistance material medium and thin mechanical, such as plastic if necessary reinforced with mineral fibers: preferably, the caps are molded and integrate (in one piece) said socket (or insert) allowing their fixing central on the tube plate.
- Figure 1 illustrates in end view a section of extruded profile forming a exchanger body according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view in partial longitudinal section of the body of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of an exchanger according to the invention, which is equipped with two caps of axial (longitudinal) orientation; in this figure, the bundle tubes are not shown to facilitate understanding.
- FIG. 4 is an end view of the tube bundle of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 illustrates in longitudinal section view a multitubular bundle of a exchanger according to the invention which comprises a body in two separate parts and which allows a heat exchange between a first fluid and two second fluids; for this purpose the beam is equipped with an intermediate tubular plate disposed between the two end tubular plates and comprising two grooves intended to receive two seals for sealing with each of the body portions.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively illustrate a view in longitudinal section and in end view, an embodiment of a cap of an exchanger according to the invention
- Figure 6 is a view along IV-IV of Figure 7 which is itself a view along VII in Figure 6.
- This example shows the possibility of integrating other elements such as drain plug, zinc anode, thanks to the presence of a radial hole 200.
- Figure 8 schematically illustrates in longitudinal section view a cap angled exchanger according to the invention.
- Figure 9 illustrates in schematic cross-sectional view a mode of connection of body inlet and outlet ports to conduits external.
- Figure 10 illustrates in end view the attachment of an exchanger by two 80 angled L-shaped legs and one end of which forms a hook taken in a groove of the body.
- the exchanger 1 consists essentially in a body 2 delimiting a cylindrical cavity 3 with a longitudinal axis 4, a bundle 5 of tubes 6 extending in the cavity 3, parallel to the axis 4, and of which the ends are fixed to two tubular plates 7, 8, and two caps 9 and 10 of connection.
- the invention is particularly suitable for oil, water, fuel, air fitted to boat or truck engines, gearboxes, inverters, reducers, compressors, hydraulic units ..., and in which the cold source is fresh water or sea water; water enters according to arrow 11 in the cap 10, circulates in the tubes 6 and is collected at the outlet of these in the cap 9 for its evacuation according to arrow 12.
- the body 2 has an internal face 13 cylindrical with circular section and axis 4; at each longitudinal end of the body 2, a chamfer 14, 15 extends the cylindrical face 13 not machined to facilitate the introduction into the cavity of a tubular plate fitted with an O-ring peripheral as marked 16, 17 figure 3.
- the wall 20, 33 of the body 2 is pierced radially by two orifices 18, 19 allowing respectively the entry (arrow 13) and the exit (arrow 14) of the fluid to cool.
- the transverse profile of the external face 21 of the wall 20 consists of a plurality of rectilinear segments: segments such as those marked 22 and 23 correspond to a longitudinal groove 24; segment 25 extending between the grooves 24 corresponds to a rib whose tail profile dovetail can be used to cooperate with a hook (shown in Figure 10) of complementary form for fixing the body of the exchanger to a support; the segments 26 to 30 correspond to a longitudinal tongue 31 capable of being drilled along axis 32 for fixing the exchanger.
- the body of Figure 1 has a rib 33 whose thickness 34 can be close to 10 mm while the average thickness 35 of the wall 20 is of the order of 2 to 3 mm when the body is made of aluminum alloy; this rib has the holes threaded threads 18, 19 for fixing the connection to the circuit of the fluid to be cooled.
- the transverse profile of the external face 21 is essentially circular, except for a prominent rib 33 with a profile in dovetail for fixing a fitting 36 fitted with an O-ring 37, for connection of the body to fluid transport conduits.
- the tubular bundle of FIGS. 4 and 5 comprises tubes 6 parallel to the axis 4, the ends of which are tightly fixed in holes 38, 39 respectively provided in plates 7, 8; this beam has a plate intermediate tubular 40 parallel to the plates 7, 8 and provided at its periphery with two annular grooves 41, 42 each receiving an O-ring 43; tubes 6 extend through this plate, their external face of which is tightly secured, so that when this beam is housed in a body, the plate 40 and the seals 43 separate the body cavity into two parts, tightly; this allows to cool a first second fluid flowing along the current lines marked 44 in the left side of the exchanger ( Figure 5), and allows to cool a second second fluid circulating along the current lines 45 in the right part of the exchanger, without that these fluids mix.
- the body of the exchanger can be consisting of two sections 2a, 2b aligned end to end without being secured one to the other.
- the assembly constituted by the beam tubular and by the caps 9, 10 is not rigidly fixed to the body 2: the connection mechanical between this assembly and this body results from the elasticity of the O-rings 16, 17 respectively housed in the grooves 46, 47 provided at the periphery of the plates 7, 8, and which were compressed during the introduction of the beam into the cavity; this non-rigid connection allows rotation of the body 2, along the axis 4, around the beam 5; he it suffices for this purpose to exert a sufficient torque to overcome the friction forces of the seals 16, 17 on the internal face 13 of the wall 20 of the body 2; preferably this link also allows the translation of the body 2 along the axis 4 around the beam 5, when a force is exerted greater than the friction of the seals 16, 17 on the face 13, and thanks to an axial clearance 48 provided between the end (49 FIG. 3) of the body and the end 50 the corresponding cap; this connection also allows the body to expand freely without constraint on the caps.
- each of the tubular plates 7, 8, 40 is in the form of a thick disc whose edge receives the seals.
- each plate 7, 8 projects outside the body; this external part of the plate 7, 8 has a counterbore annular peripheral 53, 54 opening onto the respective external face 55, 56 of plates 7, 8; each counterbore receives an O-ring 57, 58 ensuring sealing (by radial support) between the periphery of the plate and the cylindrical end piece 59, 60 caps 9, 10; each of these end pieces is provided with a chamfer 61 (FIG. 6) for avoid damaging the seal when tight fitting the nozzle around the plate tubular fitted with seal.
- Each cap has a flared wall 62 extending the end piece 59, 60 and extended by a second cylindrical end piece 63 for connection to a non-duct represented.
- the cap 9 has in the central part a wall 162 flared and angled which connects the connecting piece 163 (to a conduit inclined with respect to the axis 4) at the end piece 59 for connection with the tube plate; sealing can be ensured by a seal provided under the head of the screw.
- each cap on the respective tube plate is obtained by a screw extending along the axis 4 through a cylindrical sleeve 65 axis 4 integrated into the cap and on which the head 64 of the screw bears; the screw is screwed in a tapped hole 66 provided in the center of each plate 7, 8, and leading to the external face thereof only.
- Figure 7 illustrates three radial arms 68 arranged at 120 degrees around the axis 4, which connect the central sleeve 65 to the flared wall 62 of the cap; the number and the shape of the arms (sails) is adapted to the diameter and the stressing forces of the cap.
- the fixing screw is embedded in the fluid circulating in the cap.
- the thin link arms 68 extend substantially radially with respect to to axis 4 along which extend the connection sleeve 63 and the sleeve cylindrical 65.
- the tube bundle includes baffles 69 annular disc-shaped, pierced in the middle for the central passage fluid 44, which are alternated with baffles 70 in the form of discs without holes in the middle and of smaller diameter than that of the baffles 69 for the passage of the fluid between the periphery of the baffles 70 and the wall 13 of the body 2; the diameter exterior of baffles 69 is adjusted to limit leakage by circulation between their periphery and the wall 13 of the body 2.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à des améliorations apportées aux échangeurs de chaleur multitubulaires à calandre et à des procédés de fabrication de ces échangeurs.The present invention relates to improvements made to shell and tube multitubular heat exchangers and methods of making these exchangers.
L'invention s'applique particulièrement aux échangeurs de chaleur entre un premier fluide circulant dans une pluralité de tubes formant un faisceau multitubulaire, et un deuxième fluide circulant autour des tubes, dans une cavité cylindrique délimitée par un corps creux (ou calandre) dans lequel s'étend le faisceau de tubes ; applications type : échangeurs pour moteurs thermiques, réducteurs, inverseurs, compresseurs, groupes hydrauliques... ; dans ce type d'échangeur connu, le transfert d'énergie thermique entre la source chaude et la source froide s'effectue notamment par conduction au travers de la paroi des tubes ; afin d'obtenir un flux de transfert d'énergie (et/ou un coefficient d'échange thermique) suffisant, les tubes sont réalisés en un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique élevée, tel qu'un alliage métallique à base de cuivre, d'aluminium, de nickel, de titane ou d'aciers inoxydables.The invention is particularly applicable to heat exchangers between a first fluid circulating in a plurality of tubes forming a multitubular bundle, and a second fluid circulating around the tubes, in a defined cylindrical cavity by a hollow body (or calender) in which the bundle of tubes extends; typical applications: heat exchangers for heat engines, reducers, inverters, compressors, hydraulic units ...; in this type of known exchanger, the transfer of thermal energy between the hot source and the cold source takes place in particular by conduction through the wall of the tubes; in order to get a transfer flow sufficient energy (and / or heat exchange coefficient), the tubes are made made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, such as a metal alloy with based on copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium or stainless steels.
L'invention s'applique en particulier à de tels échangeurs comportant deux plaques tubulaires en forme générale de disque, qui sont percées d'une pluralité d'orifices, et dans lesquels chacune des deux extrémités de chacun des tubes est engagée dans un des orifices d'une plaque tubulaire et est solidarisé de façon étanche à cette plaque notamment par brasage, soudage ou dudgeonnage.The invention applies in particular to such exchangers comprising two tubular plates in the general shape of a disc, which are pierced with a plurality orifices, and in which each of the two ends of each of the tubes is engaged in one of the orifices of a tubular plate and is secured in a sealed manner to this plate, in particular by brazing, welding or swaging.
Le faisceau tubulaire comporte généralement, outre les tubes et les plaques tubulaires d'extrémité, des chicanes pour le guidage de l'écoulement du deuxième fluide à l'intérieur du corps creux ; ces chicanes sont généralement essentiellement constituées par des plaques minces s'étendant transversalement aux tubes et parallèlement aux plaques tubulaires d'extrémité, sont régulièrement espacées le long des tubes et ferment une partie de la section transversale - généralement circulaire - du corps creux, pour guider le deuxième fluide.The tube bundle generally comprises, in addition to the tubes and the plates end tubes, baffles for guiding the flow of the second fluid inside the hollow body; these baffles are generally essentially formed by thin plates extending transversely to the tubes and parallel to the end tubular plates, are evenly spaced along tubes and close part of the cross section - generally circular - of the hollow body, to guide the second fluid.
De tels échangeurs comportent généralement en outre, à chacune de ses deux extrémités longitudinales, une calotte (boíte à eau) recouvrant respectivement une desdites plaques tubulaires, et permettant soit le raccordement de l'échangeur à deux conduits (externes à l'échangeur) de transport du premier fluide, soit le guidage de ce fluide dans le cas d'une calotte « borgne », c'est à dire dénuée de raccordement à un conduit externe.Such exchangers generally also comprise, at each of its two longitudinal ends, a cap (water box) respectively covering a said tubular plates, and allowing either the connection of the exchanger to two conduits (external to the exchanger) for transporting the first fluid, i.e. guiding this fluid in the case of a "blind" cap, ie devoid of connection to a external duct.
Le corps creux est doté d'un orifice d'entrée du deuxième fluide dans ladite cavité ainsi que d'un orifice de sortie de ce fluide ; le corps creux est généralement constitué par une pièce de forme générale tubulaire pourvue à chacune de ses deux extrémités longitudinales d'une bride annulaire ; chaque bride est percée de plusieurs orifices s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'échangeur et recevant des vis - ou organes similaires de fixation - permettant de solidariser au corps, de façon étanche, au moins une des plaques tubulaires ainsi que les deux calottes.The hollow body is provided with an opening for the entry of the second fluid into said cavity as well as an outlet for this fluid; the hollow body is generally consisting of a generally tubular part provided with each of its two longitudinal ends of an annular flange; each flange is pierced with several orifices extending along the longitudinal axis of the exchanger and receiving screws - or similar fasteners - allowing to be joined to the body, in a sealed manner, at least one of the tubular plates as well as the two caps.
Alors que pour les échangeurs de grandes dimensions, en particulier de plus grand diamètre supérieur ou égal à 0,5 mètre, il est habituel de construire le corps par roulage d'une virole et soudure des brides, le corps des petits échangeurs (en particulier de plus grand diamètre inférieur à 0,25 mètre) sont généralement fabriqués par moulage (sans pression) d'un alliage métallique, le corps et les brides étant moulés en une seule pièce ; cette technique présente des inconvénients : la face interne du corps doit être usinée sur toute sa longueur pour présenter une rugosité et une qualité géométrique compatibles avec l'usage qui en est fait; les faces extérieures des brides doivent également être dressées; ces pièces moulées présentent fréquemment des défauts dans leur masse d'où résulte une porosité incompatible avec la fonction de paroi étanche qu'elles doivent remplir ; au surplus, ces défauts ne peuvent être valablement contrôlés qu'après usinage mécanique (alésage, tournage...) ; on est ainsi amené à mettre au rebut des pièces coûteuses ; la technique de moulage sans pression (dans des moules en sable) empêche en outre de réaliser des parois minces.Whereas for large exchangers, especially more large diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 meters, it is usual to build the body by rolling a ferrule and welding the flanges, the body of the small exchangers (in larger diameter less than 0.25 meters) are generally manufactured by molding (without pressure) of a metal alloy, the body and the flanges being molded in one piece; this technique has drawbacks: the face internal body must be machined over its entire length to exhibit roughness and a geometric quality compatible with the use made of it; the faces flanges must also be raised; these molded parts frequently have defects in their mass resulting in porosity incompatible with the waterproof wall function which they must fulfill; moreover, these faults can only be validly checked after mechanical machining (boring, turning ...); it is thus necessary to discard expensive parts; the pressureless molding technique (in sand molds) further prevents to make thin walls.
Par ailleurs, il a été proposé dans le brevet FR 623 803 un échangeur multitubulaire dont le corps est constitué d'un tronçon de tuyau ordinaire et est dénué de brides d'extrémité.Furthermore, there has been proposed in patent FR 623 803 an exchanger multitubular whose body consists of a section of ordinary pipe and is stripped end flanges.
Un objectif de l'invention est de proposer de tels échangeurs qui soient améliorés, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication de ces échangeurs qui permettent d'en réduire le coût. An object of the invention is to propose such exchangers which are improved, as well as a manufacturing process of these exchangers which allow reduce the cost.
Selon un premier aspect, l'invention consiste en un procédé de fabrication de tels échangeurs, dans lequel on réalise une ébauche du corps creux par extrusion d'un matériau pour former un profilé creux, puis dans lequel on découpe un tronçon dudit profilé ; ce procédé permet d'obtenir une ébauche délimitant une cavité cylindrique de section généralement circulaire dont la géométrie et l'état de surface sont suffisamment bons pour éviter la nécessité d'un usinage ultérieur de la face interne de la paroi du corps même lorsque l'extrémité de cette paroi forme une portée pour des joints ; en utilisant un matériau homogène et grâce à la mise sous pression du matériau permettant son passage au travers de la filière, on obtient une ébauche exempte de défaut (micro cavités), et donc non poreuse.According to a first aspect, the invention consists of a process for manufacturing such exchangers, in which a blank is produced by extruding a material to form a hollow section, then from which a section of said section is cut profiled; this process makes it possible to obtain a blank defining a cylindrical cavity of generally circular section whose geometry and surface condition are good enough to avoid the need for subsequent machining of the internal face of the wall of the body even when the end of this wall forms a scope for seals; using a homogeneous material and thanks to the pressurization of the material allowing its passage through the die, a blank is obtained free of faults (micro cavities), and therefore non-porous.
Notamment lorsqu'on utilise comme matériau un alliage à base d'aluminium, il est préférable de procéder à un traitement thermique (trempage) du profilé afin d'en améliorer la résistance mécanique ; ceci permet de réaliser une ébauche de corps creux dont la paroi tubulaire est mince, tout en étant suffisamment résistante : pour une pression de service de l'ordre de 1 à 100 bar, des essais ont montré qu'une paroi dont l'épaisseur est telle que son rapport au rayon de la section transversale de la cavité cylindrique du corps soit situé dans une plage allant de 1 % à 20 %, est satisfaisante ; alternativement, d'autres matériaux, en particulier des métaux, de préférence non ferreux, ou bien des matières plastiques peuvent être utilisés.Especially when an aluminum-based alloy is used as the material, it it is preferable to carry out a heat treatment (soaking) of the profile in order to improve mechanical strength; this allows a body blank to be produced hollow with a thin tubular wall, while being sufficiently resistant: for an operating pressure of the order of 1 to 100 bar, tests have shown that a wall whose thickness is such that its ratio to the radius of the cross section of the cylindrical body cavity is located in a range from 1% to 20%, is satisfactory; alternatively, other materials, in particular metals, of preferably non-ferrous, or plastics can be used.
Selon un autre aspect, l'invention consiste à proposer de tels échangeurs dont le corps creux est essentiellement constitué par un ou plusieurs tronçons de profilé moulé par extrusion, et ne comporte pas de bride d'extrémité.According to another aspect, the invention consists in proposing such exchangers whose the hollow body essentially consists of one or more sections of profile extrusion molded, and has no end flange.
De préférence, le profil (ou contour) - dans une section transversale - externe de la face externe du corps cylindrique creux n'est pas entièrement circulaire : ce profil externe peut comporter au moins un segment rectiligne qui est tangent à un premier cercle concentrique à un deuxième cercle correspondant au profil transversal de la face interne de la paroi et/ou du corps ; à ce segment rectiligne du profil externe correspond une partie plane de la face externe du corps creux; cette face plane s'étend ainsi de préférence tangentiellement à un cylindre coaxial avec le corps creux, dans une partie de la paroi du corps qui comporte lesdits orifices d'entrée et de sortie dudit deuxième fluide ; ceci facilite le raccordement mécanique au corps creux de deux conduits externes de transport de ce fluide ; de préférence cette partie de la paroi du corps, qui s'étend sous (en regard de ) cette face plane, est dotée d'une épaisseur supérieure à l'épaisseur moyenne de la paroi tubulaire du corps ; il en résulte une large nervure (ou bossage longitudinal) qui facilite la réalisation desdits orifices sous forme de trous taraudés aptes à recevoir un raccord vissé pour la connexion des conduits de transport du deuxième fluide.Preferably, the profile (or contour) - in a cross section - external of the external face of the hollow cylindrical body is not entirely circular: this profile external can include at least one rectilinear segment which is tangent to a first circle concentric with a second circle corresponding to the transverse profile of the internal face of the wall and / or of the body; to this straight segment of the external profile corresponds to a flat part of the external face of the hollow body; this flat face thus preferably extends tangentially to a cylinder coaxial with the hollow body, in a part of the wall of the body which has said inlet and outlet openings said second fluid; this facilitates the mechanical connection to the hollow body of two external conduits for transporting this fluid; preferably this part of the wall of the body, which extends under (opposite) this planar face, has a thickness greater than the average thickness of the tubular wall of the body; this results in a large rib (or longitudinal boss) which facilitates the production of said orifices under form of tapped holes suitable for receiving a screw connection for the connection of conduits for transporting the second fluid.
En outre, le profil externe transversal du corps peut de préférence comporter d'autres segments rectilignes, auxquels correspondent des nervures saillantes (ou bien des rainures en creux) formées sur la surface externe du corps creux et s'étendant longitudinalement ; en particulier ces nervures ou rainures peuvent épouser un profil en I, en V ou en U et peuvent servir à la fixation du corps (et de l'échangeur) sur un support, et/ou à la fixation de raccord de connexion des conduits de transport du deuxième fluide (figure 9).In addition, the transverse external profile of the body may preferably include other rectilinear segments, to which projecting ribs (or many hollow grooves) formed on the external surface of the hollow body and extending longitudinally; in particular these ribs or grooves can marry an I, V or U profile and can be used to fix the body (and the exchanger) on a support, and / or the attachment of connection connector of the transport conduits of the second fluid (Figure 9).
Les échangeurs selon l'invention ne comportent pas de moyen de liaison rigide entre le corps creux et le faisceau tubulaire, la liaison mécanique entre ces éléments résultant essentiellement des forces de contact (d'appui) s'exerçant entre ces deux pièces par l'intermédiaire de deux premiers organes d'étanchéité tels que deux joints toriques, qui sont aplatis (comprimés) entre deux faces cylindriques d'appui (ou portées) prévues respectivement sur chacune de ces deux pièces ; en l'absence de ces organes d'étanchéité, le faisceau peut librement coulisser dans la cavité du corps ; en présence de ces organes d'étanchéité le faisceau peut coulisser dans la cavité sous l'action d'un effort suffisant, en particulier sous l'action de l'allongement des tubes du faisceau, du fait de leur dilatation thermique ; chacun desdits organes d'étanchéité est généralement logé dans une gorge annulaire ; de préférence ces gorges sont prévues sur la face externe des plaques tubulaires ; ceci permet d'éviter la réalisation (plus coûteuse) de gorges sur la face interne de la paroi du corps creux ; celui-ci ne nécessite alors que la réalisation d'un chanfrein à son (ses) extrémité(s) interne(s), ce qui permet d'introduire par coulissement un faisceau dont la plaque tubulaire est munie du joint d'étanchéité sans détériorer ce joint et en facilitant son écrasement.The exchangers according to the invention do not include rigid connection means between the hollow body and the tube bundle, the mechanical connection between these elements essentially resulting from the contact (support) forces acting between these two parts via two first sealing members such as two seals toric, which are flattened (compressed) between two cylindrical bearing faces (or litters) provided respectively on each of these two parts; in the absence of these sealing members, the beam can freely slide in the body cavity; in the presence of these sealing members the bundle can slide in the cavity under the action of sufficient effort, in particular under the action of lengthening the bundle tubes, due to their thermal expansion; each of said organs sealing is generally housed in an annular groove; preferably these grooves are provided on the external face of the tubular plates; this avoids the making (more expensive) grooves on the internal face of the wall of the hollow body; this then only requires the production of a chamfer at its end (s) internal (s), which allows to introduce by sliding a beam whose plate tubular is provided with the seal without damaging this seal and facilitating its crushing.
L'invention repose ainsi en partie sur le fait que, malgré la présence de stries et rugosités sur la face interne du corps, résultant de l'extrusion de celui-ci, et malgré les déformations (difficiles à maítriser) du profilé lors de son refroidissement, qui sont encore accentuées lorsque le profilé n'est pas d'épaisseur constante, il est possible d'obtenir par extrusion un corps creux délimitant une cavité cylindrique dont la géométrie soit suffisamment précise et régulière et dont la rugosité soit suffisamment faible, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'usiner celle-ci, pour, à la fois :
- permettre d'obtenir une étanchéité satisfaisante par appui d'un organe d'étanchéité sur la face interne de cette cavité ;
- limiter le jeu entre la face interne du corps et le faisceau ;
- éviter le coincement du faisceau lors de son insertion dans le corps ;
- éviter d'endommager les organes d'étanchéité par frottement sur la face interne de la cavité, lors du montage du faisceau par coulissement dans la cavité.
- allow to obtain a satisfactory seal by pressing a sealing member on the internal face of this cavity;
- limit the clearance between the internal face of the body and the beam;
- avoid jamming of the beam when it is inserted into the body;
- avoid damaging the sealing members by friction on the internal face of the cavity, when mounting the harness by sliding in the cavity.
Dans les échangeurs selon l'invention, les calottes sont fixées sur les plaques tubulaires du faisceau, sans être fixées sur le corps creux ; ce montage permet, en prévoyant un jeu entre le corps et les calottes, la libre dilatation différentielle des principales pièces et ensembles constituant l'échangeur (corps / calottes / faisceau) ; de préférence chaque calotte est respectivement fixée à l'une ou l'autre des plaques tubulaires du faisceau, grâce à un premier moyen de liaison rigide prévu en partie centrale de la face externe de la plaque, tel qu'un trou taraudé, et grâce à un moyen de guidage et d'appui qui est prévu en partie centrale de la calotte, tel qu'une douille (ou insert), qui est apte à recevoir un deuxième moyen de liaison rigide - tel qu'une vis - complémentaire dudit premier moyen de liaison rigide.In the exchangers according to the invention, the caps are fixed on the plates tubular of the bundle, without being fixed on the hollow body; this assembly allows, in providing a clearance between the body and the caps, the free differential expansion of main parts and assemblies constituting the exchanger (body / caps / bundle); preferably each cap is respectively fixed to one or the other of the plates tubular of the bundle, thanks to a first rigid connection means provided in part central of the external face of the plate, such as a tapped hole, and by means guide and support which is provided in the central part of the cap, such as a sleeve (or insert), which is capable of receiving a second rigid connection means - such as a screw - complementary to said first rigid connection means.
A cette fixation centrale de la calotte sur la plaque tubulaire du faisceau est de préférence associé un deuxième organe d'étanchéité annulaire qui est de préférence en appui (radial) sur deux faces cylindriques respectivement prévues sur la plaque d'une part et sur la calotte d'autre part, l'organe d'étanchéité étant légèrement écrasé (comprimé) entre ces deux faces disposées coaxiales et en regard l'une de l'autre ; en disposant ces deux faces respectivement à chacune des extrémités de la plaque tubulaire d'une part et de la calotte d'autre part, on obtient un engagement de ces faces d'appui (portée) de joint avec le joint pour former un assemblage étanche, en exerçant un effort relativement faible pouvant résulter de l'engagement réciproque desdits moyens de liaison rigide prévus en partie centrale de la calotte et de la plaque, en particulier par vissage d'une seule vis ; ces efforts sont bien moindres que ceux devant être exercés pour assurer une liaison étanche par un joint torique écrasé entre deux faces d'appui planes parallèles, comme c'est le cas dans les liaisons par brides. At this central fixing of the cap on the tube plate of the bundle is preferably associated with a second annular sealing member which is preferably resting (radial) on two cylindrical faces respectively provided on the plate on the one hand and on the cap on the other hand, the sealing member being slightly crushed (compressed) between these two faces arranged coaxial and facing each other; in arranging these two faces respectively at each end of the plate tubular on the one hand and the cap on the other hand, we obtain an engagement of these joint bearing surfaces (bearing) with the joint to form a tight assembly, in exerting a relatively weak effort which can result from mutual engagement said rigid connection means provided in the central part of the cap and of the plate, in particular by screwing a single screw; these efforts are much less than those to be exercised to ensure a tight connection by a crushed O-ring between two parallel flat bearing faces, as is the case with flange connections.
Selon un mode préféré de réalisation, chacune desdites deux plaques tubulaires d'extrémité comporte une gorge recevant ledit premier organe d'étanchéité avec le corps creux, et comporte un lamage débouchant sur sa face externe et portant ledit deuxième organe d'étanchéité avec la calotte associée, et la longueur du corps creux est supérieure à la distance séparant les deux gorges respectivement prévues sur chacune des plaques tubulaires et est inférieure à la distance séparant les deux lamages ; de ce fait, les premiers organes d'étanchéité sont (après montage) disposés en retrait des extrémités du corps et les deuxièmes organes d'étanchéité sont disposés au-delà des extrémités du corps, c'est-à-dire à l'extérieur de celui-ci ; il résulte qu'en cas de défaut de l'un de ces organes d'étanchéité produisant une fuite de l'un ou l'autre des deux fluides, le courant de fuite s'écoule à l'extérieur du corps et est donc repérable ; en outre, aucun mélange de ces deux fluides ne peut résulter d'un tel défaut.According to a preferred embodiment, each of said two plates tubular end comprises a groove receiving said first sealing member with the hollow body, and has a counterbore opening on its external face and carrying said second sealing member with the associated cap, and the length of the body hollow is greater than the distance separating the two grooves respectively provided on each of the tubular plates and is less than the distance separating the two counterbores; therefore, the first sealing members are (after mounting) arranged set back from the ends of the body and the second sealing members are arranged beyond the ends of the body, that is to say outside of it; he follows that in the event of a defect in one of these sealing members producing a leak of either of the two fluids, the leakage current flows outside the body and is therefore identifiable; furthermore, no mixture of these two fluids can result from such a default.
Cette conception "radiale" des moyens d'étanchéité entre la plaque tubulaire et la calotte permet d'utiliser, pour la réalisation de la calotte, un matériau de résistance mécanique moyenne et de faible épaisseur, tel qu'une matière plastique le cas échéant renforcée par des fibres minérales : de préférence, les calottes sont moulées et intègrent (en une seule pièce) ladite douille (ou insert) permettant leur fixation centrale sur la plaque tubulaire.This "radial" design of the sealing means between the tube plate and the cap allows to use, for the realization of the cap, a resistance material medium and thin mechanical, such as plastic if necessary reinforced with mineral fibers: preferably, the caps are molded and integrate (in one piece) said socket (or insert) allowing their fixing central on the tube plate.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention seront compris au travers de la description suivante qui se réfère aux dessins annexés, qui illustrent sans aucun caractère limitatif des modes préférentiels de réalisation de l'invention.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will be understood through of the following description which refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate without any limiting character of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
La figure 1 illustre en vue d'extrémité un tronçon de profilé extrudé formant un corps d'échangeur selon l'invention.Figure 1 illustrates in end view a section of extruded profile forming a exchanger body according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle du corps de la figure 1.FIG. 2 is a view in partial longitudinal section of the body of FIG. 1.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur selon l'invention, qui est équipée de deux calottes d'orientation axiale (longitudinale) ; sur cette figure, les tubes du faisceau ne sont pas représentés pour en faciliter la compréhension.FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of an exchanger according to the invention, which is equipped with two caps of axial (longitudinal) orientation; in this figure, the bundle tubes are not shown to facilitate understanding.
La figure 4 est une vue d'extrémité du faisceau de tubes de la figure 5.FIG. 4 is an end view of the tube bundle of FIG. 5.
La figure 5 illustre en vue en coupe longitudinale un faisceau multitubulaire d'un échangeur selon l'invention qui comporte un corps en deux parties séparées et qui permet de réaliser un échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide et deux deuxièmes fluides ; à cet effet le faisceau est équipé d'une plaque tubulaire intermédiaire disposée entre les deux plaques tubulaires d'extrémité et comportant deux gorges destinées à recevoir deux joints pour l'étanchéité avec chacune des portions de corps.FIG. 5 illustrates in longitudinal section view a multitubular bundle of a exchanger according to the invention which comprises a body in two separate parts and which allows a heat exchange between a first fluid and two second fluids; for this purpose the beam is equipped with an intermediate tubular plate disposed between the two end tubular plates and comprising two grooves intended to receive two seals for sealing with each of the body portions.
Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent respectivement en vue en coupe longitudinale et en
vue d'extrémité, un mode de réalisation d'une calotte d'un échangeur selon l'invention ;
la figure 6 est une vue selon IV-IV de la figure 7 qui est elle-même une vue selon VII
de la figure 6. Cet exemple montre la possibilité d'intégrer d'autres éléments tels que
bouchon de vidange, anode de zinc, grâce à la présence d'un orifice radial 200.FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively illustrate a view in longitudinal section and in
end view, an embodiment of a cap of an exchanger according to the invention;
Figure 6 is a view along IV-IV of Figure 7 which is itself a view along VII
in Figure 6. This example shows the possibility of integrating other elements such as
drain plug, zinc anode, thanks to the presence of a
La figure 8 illustre schématiquement en vue en coupe longitudinale une calotte coudée d'un échangeur selon l'invention.Figure 8 schematically illustrates in longitudinal section view a cap angled exchanger according to the invention.
La figure 9 illustre en vue en coupe transversale schématique un mode de réalisation du raccordement des orifices d'entrée et de sortie du corps à des conduits externes.Figure 9 illustrates in schematic cross-sectional view a mode of connection of body inlet and outlet ports to conduits external.
La figure 10 illustre en vue d'extrémité la fixation d'un échangeur par deux pattes 80 coudées en forme de L et dont une extrémité forme un crochet venant en prise dans une rainure du corps.Figure 10 illustrates in end view the attachment of an exchanger by two 80 angled L-shaped legs and one end of which forms a hook taken in a groove of the body.
Par référence aux figures 1 à 5 en particulier, l'échangeur 1 consiste
essentiellement en un corps 2 délimitant une cavité 3 cylindrique d'axe longitudinal 4,
un faisceau 5 de tubes 6 s'étendant dans la cavité 3, parallèlement à l'axe 4, et dont
les extrémités sont fixées à deux plaques tubulaires 7, 8, et deux calottes 9 et 10 de
raccordement.With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 in particular, the exchanger 1 consists
essentially in a
L'invention est particulièrement adaptée aux refroidisseurs d'huile, d'eau, de
carburant, d'air équipant les moteurs de bateaux ou camions, les boítes de vitesses,
inverseurs, réducteurs, compresseurs, groupes hydrauliques..., et dans lesquels la
source froide est de l'eau douce ou de l'eau de mer ; l'eau pénètre selon la flèche 11
dans la calotte 10, circule dans les tubes 6 et est collectée à la sortie de ceux-ci dans
la calotte 9 pour son évacuation selon la flèche 12.The invention is particularly suitable for oil, water,
fuel, air fitted to boat or truck engines, gearboxes,
inverters, reducers, compressors, hydraulic units ..., and in which the
cold source is fresh water or sea water; water enters according to
Comme illustré figures 1 et 2, le corps 2 présente une face interne 13
cylindrique de section circulaire et d'axe 4 ; à chaque extrémité longitudinale du corps
2, un chanfrein 14, 15 prolonge la face cylindrique 13 non usinée pour faciliter
l'introduction dans la cavité d'une plaque tubulaire équipée d'un joint torique
périphérique tel que repéré 16, 17 figure 3.As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the
La paroi 20, 33 du corps 2 est percée radialement de deux orifices 18, 19
permettant respectivement l'entrée (flèche 13) et la sortie (flèche 14) du fluide à
refroidir.The
Comme illustré figure 1, le profil transversal de la face externe 21 de la paroi 20
est constitué d'une pluralité de segments rectilignes : des segments tels que ceux
repérés 22 et 23 correspondent à une rainure longitudinale 24 ; le segment 25
s'étendant entre les rainures 24 correspond à une nervure dont le profil en queue
d'aronde peut être utilisé pour coopérer avec un crochet (représenté figure 10) de
forme complémentaire pour la fixation du corps de l'échangeur à un support ; les
segments 26 à 30 correspondent à une languette longitudinale 31 susceptible d'être
percée selon l'axe 32 pour la fixation de l'échangeur.As illustrated in FIG. 1, the transverse profile of the
Le corps de la figure 1 présente une nervure 33 dont l'épaisseur 34 peut être
voisine de 10 mm alors que l'épaisseur moyenne 35 de la paroi 20 est de l'ordre de 2 à
3 mm lorsque le corps est en alliage d'aluminium ; cette nervure comporte les trous
taraudés 18, 19 de fixation de raccord au circuit du fluide à refroidir.The body of Figure 1 has a
Dans la variante illustrée figure 9, le profil transversal de la face externe 21 est
essentiellement circulaire, à l'exception d'une nervure 33 proéminente à profil en
queue d'aronde pour la fixation d'un raccord 36 équipé d'un joint torique 37, pour la
connexion du corps à des conduits de transport de fluide.In the variant illustrated in FIG. 9, the transverse profile of the
Le faisceau tubulaire des figures 4 et 5 comporte des tubes 6 parallèles à l'axe
4 dont les extrémités sont fixées de façon étanche dans des orifices 38, 39
respectivement prévus dans les plaques 7, 8 ; ce faisceau comporte une plaque
tubulaire intermédiaire 40 parallèle aux plaques 7, 8 et munie à sa périphérie de deux
gorges annulaires 41, 42 recevant chacune un joint torique 43 ; les tubes 6 s'étendent
au travers de cette plaque dont leur face externe est solidaire de façon étanche, de
sorte que lorsque ce faisceau est logé dans un corps, la plaque 40 et les joints 43
séparent la cavité du corps en deux parties, de façon étanche ; ceci permet de refroidir
un premier deuxième fluide circulant selon les lignes de courant repérées 44 dans la
partie gauche de l'échangeur (figure 5), et permet de refroidir un deuxième deuxième
fluide circulant selon les lignes de courant 45 dans la partie droite de l'échangeur, sans
que ces fluides se mélangent.The tubular bundle of FIGS. 4 and 5 comprises
Comme particulièrement représenté figure 5, le corps de l'échangeur peut être
constitué par deux tronçons 2a, 2b alignés bout à bout sans être solidarisés l'un à
l'autre.As particularly shown in FIG. 5, the body of the exchanger can be
consisting of two
Comme illustré en particulier figure 3, l'ensemble constitué par le faisceau
tubulaire et par les calottes 9, 10 n'est pas fixé rigidement au corps 2 : la liaison
mécanique entre cet ensemble et ce corps résulte de l'élasticité des joints toriques 16,
17 respectivement logés dans les rainures 46, 47 prévues à la périphérie des plaques
7, 8, et qui ont été comprimés lors de l'introduction du faisceau dans la cavité ; cette
liaison non rigide permet la rotation du corps 2, selon l'axe 4, autour du faisceau 5 ; il
suffit à cet effet d'exercer un couple suffisant pour vaincre les forces de frottement des
joints 16, 17 sur la face interne 13 de la paroi 20 du corps 2 ; de préférence cette
liaison permet également la translation du corps 2 selon l'axe 4 autour du faisceau 5,
lorsque l'on exerce un effort supérieur au frottement des joints 16, 17 sur la face 13, et
grâce à un jeu axial 48 prévu entre l'extrémité (49 figure 3) du corps et l'extrémité 50
de la calotte correspondante ; cette liaison permet en outre la libre dilatation du corps
sans contrainte sur les calottes.As illustrated in particular in FIG. 3, the assembly constituted by the beam
tubular and by the
En prévoyant un tel jeu axial de valeur suffisante, il n'est pas nécessaire
d'usiner avec précision les extrémités du corps tubulaire, dont la perpendicularité avec
l'axe 4 n'est pas critique ; il suffit de tronçonner le profilé puis de réaliser le cas
échéant les chanfreins 14, 15.By providing such an axial clearance of sufficient value, it is not necessary
to precisely machine the ends of the tubular body, whose perpendicularity with
Ainsi, chacune des plaques tubulaires 7, 8, 40 se présente sous la forme d'un
disque épais dont la tranche reçoit les joints d'étanchéité.Thus, each of the
On voit sur la figure 3 que le faisceau s'étend au-delà de chaque extrémité
longitudinale du corps, la longueur 51 du faisceau étant supérieure à celle (52) du
corps : à chaque extrémité du faisceau, une partie de chaque plaque 7, 8 fait saillie à
l'extérieur du corps ; cette partie externe de la plaque 7, 8 comporte un lamage
périphérique annulaire 53, 54 débouchant sur la face externe 55, 56 respective des
plaques 7, 8 ; chaque lamage reçoit un joint torique 57, 58 assurant l'étanchéité (par
appui radial) entre la périphérie de la plaque et l'embout cylindrique 59, 60 d'extrémité
des calottes 9, 10 ; chacun de ces embouts est muni d'un chanfrein 61 (figure 6) pour
éviter de détériorer le joint lors de l'emboítage serré de l'embout autour de la plaque
tubulaire équipée du joint.We see in Figure 3 that the beam extends beyond each end
longitudinal of the body, the
Chaque calotte comporte une paroi évasée 62 prolongeant l'embout 59, 60 et
prolongée par un deuxième embout cylindrique 63 de raccordement à un conduit non
représenté.Each cap has a
Dans la variante illustrée figure 8, la calotte 9 comporte en partie centrale une
paroi 162 évasée et coudée qui relie l'embout 163 de raccordement (à un conduit
incliné par rapport à l'axe 4) à l'embout 59 de liaison avec la plaque tubulaire ;
l'étanchéité peut être assurée par un joint prévu sous la tête de la vis.In the variant illustrated in Figure 8, the
La fixation mécanique de chaque calotte sur la plaque tubulaire respective est
obtenue par une vis s'étendant selon l'axe 4 au travers d'une douille cylindrique 65
d'axe 4 intégrée à la calotte et sur laquelle appuie la tête 64 de la vis ; la vis est vissée
dans un trou taraudé 66 prévu au centre de chaque plaque 7, 8, et débouchant sur la
face externe de celle-ci seulement.The mechanical fixing of each cap on the respective tube plate is
obtained by a screw extending along the
Lorsque la calotte est en matière plastique (figure 3) moulée, il est préférable
de prévoir un insert métallique 67 dans la douille 65 pour supporter l'effort de serrage
de la vis ; un tel insert n'est pas utile lorsque la calotte est moulée en alliage métallique
(figures 6 à 8).When the cap is made of molded plastic (Figure 3), it is preferable
to provide a
La figure 7 illustre trois bras 68 radiaux disposés à 120 degrés autour de l'axe
4, qui relient la douille 65 centrale à la paroi évasée 62 de la calotte ; le nombre et la
forme des bras (voiles) est adapté au diamètre et aux efforts de sollicitation de la
calotte.Figure 7 illustrates three
Dans le cas de la calotte illustrée figures 3 et 6, la vis de fixation est noyée dans le fluide circulant dans la calotte.In the case of the cap illustrated in Figures 3 and 6, the fixing screw is embedded in the fluid circulating in the cap.
Les bras minces 68 de liaison s'étendent sensiblement radialement par rapport
à l'axe 4 selon lequel s'étendent le manchon 63 de raccordement et la douille
cylindrique 65.The
Par référence à la figure 5, le faisceau tubulaire comporte des chicanes 69
annulaires en forme de disque mince, percées en leur milieu pour le passage central
du fluide 44, qui sont alternées avec des chicanes 70 en forme de disque non percées
en leur milieu et de plus petit diamètre que celui des chicanes 69 pour le passage du
fluide entre la périphérie des chicanes 70 et la paroi 13 du corps 2 ; le diamètre
extérieur des chicanes 69 est ajusté pour limiter les fuites par circulation entre leur
périphérie et la paroi 13 du corps 2.With reference to FIG. 5, the tube bundle includes
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0004660A FR2807508B1 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | IMPROVEMENT IN CALENDERED MULTITUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGERS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EXCHANGERS |
FR0004660 | 2000-04-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1146310A1 true EP1146310A1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1146310B1 EP1146310B1 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
Family
ID=8849143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01430014A Expired - Lifetime EP1146310B1 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-04-10 | Improvements related to multitubular shell-type heat exchangers and method of producing the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1146310B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE251299T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60100867T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2807508B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2841331A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-12-26 | Mota | MULTITUBULAR EXCHANGERS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EXCHANGERS |
WO2007048603A2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger, method for the production of a heat exchanger |
EP2280159A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-02 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. | Exhaust gas cooler |
FR3012212A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-24 | Snecma | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR TURBOMACHINE |
FR3020134A1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-23 | Kevin Rohart | TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH DETACHABLE FIN-BEAM |
DE102017216067B3 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2018-09-27 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Transmission oil cooler and drive assembly |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR623803A (en) * | 1925-11-02 | 1927-07-01 | Improvements to tube bundle heat exchangers | |
DE907899C (en) * | 1951-08-23 | 1954-03-29 | Laengerer & Reich Kuehler | A heat exchanger consisting of a sheathed tube bundle with tube floors and connection heads |
US3804161A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1974-04-16 | Rheem Mfg Co | Non-metallic heat exchanger |
WO1982000877A1 (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-03-18 | Hubbleday B | Joint assembly for heat exchangers |
US4584968A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1986-04-29 | Thormocatalytic Corporation | Cylindrical boiler |
US4733722A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1988-03-29 | Serck Industries Limited | Shell- and tube-type heat exchangers and their production |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3601588A1 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-07-23 | Via Gmbh | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger |
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 FR FR0004660A patent/FR2807508B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 AT AT01430014T patent/ATE251299T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-10 EP EP01430014A patent/EP1146310B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-10 DE DE60100867T patent/DE60100867T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR623803A (en) * | 1925-11-02 | 1927-07-01 | Improvements to tube bundle heat exchangers | |
DE907899C (en) * | 1951-08-23 | 1954-03-29 | Laengerer & Reich Kuehler | A heat exchanger consisting of a sheathed tube bundle with tube floors and connection heads |
US3804161A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1974-04-16 | Rheem Mfg Co | Non-metallic heat exchanger |
WO1982000877A1 (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-03-18 | Hubbleday B | Joint assembly for heat exchangers |
US4733722A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1988-03-29 | Serck Industries Limited | Shell- and tube-type heat exchangers and their production |
US4584968A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1986-04-29 | Thormocatalytic Corporation | Cylindrical boiler |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2841331A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-12-26 | Mota | MULTITUBULAR EXCHANGERS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EXCHANGERS |
EP1376039A1 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-01-02 | Mota | Multi tubular heat exchangers and process for making same |
US6840306B2 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2005-01-11 | Mota | Multi-tube heat exchangers, and a method of manufacturing such heat exchangers |
WO2007048603A2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger, method for the production of a heat exchanger |
WO2007048603A3 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-08-02 | Behr Gmbh & Co Kg | Heat exchanger, method for the production of a heat exchanger |
US8967235B2 (en) | 2005-10-26 | 2015-03-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger, method for the production of a heat exchanger |
EP2280159A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-02 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. | Exhaust gas cooler |
FR3012212A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-24 | Snecma | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR TURBOMACHINE |
FR3020134A1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-23 | Kevin Rohart | TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH DETACHABLE FIN-BEAM |
DE102017216067B3 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2018-09-27 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Transmission oil cooler and drive assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60100867D1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
FR2807508B1 (en) | 2002-12-13 |
FR2807508A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 |
EP1146310B1 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
ATE251299T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
DE60100867T2 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
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