EP1135272A1 - Differentiels a rapport variable automatique - Google Patents

Differentiels a rapport variable automatique

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Publication number
EP1135272A1
EP1135272A1 EP98949713A EP98949713A EP1135272A1 EP 1135272 A1 EP1135272 A1 EP 1135272A1 EP 98949713 A EP98949713 A EP 98949713A EP 98949713 A EP98949713 A EP 98949713A EP 1135272 A1 EP1135272 A1 EP 1135272A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
differential
wheel
planetary
gears
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98949713A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William D. Rogers
Richard Rogers
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1135272A1 publication Critical patent/EP1135272A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion

Definitions

  • a group of Unique torque-sensing and speed sensing (horsepower sensitive) differentials which use a true mechanical ratio instead of mechanical friction to proportion torque between vehicle wheels.
  • the first purpose of a rotary prime mover is to rotate a drive chain, which does not necessarily produce the desired purpose.
  • the desired purpose is to impart linear or curvilinear motion to a vehicle across terrain.
  • Ratio # 2 and #3 are in the two fixed differentials which, in prototype, vary from 24:1 to 1:1 but can be custom configured to vehicle needs.
  • the effect of the Automatic Variable Ratio Differential is to create (2-4 or multi-wheel drives) wherein each wheel is capable of automatic synerget shifts to proportion the torque.
  • Each axle becomes capable of variable ratios which specifically send torque to the axle with traction, because the system has analog qualities which perform automatic analysis of speed and torque by comparisons of the numerical variables in the True Mechanical Ratio of the setup.
  • the fixed differentials can be added to any standard (open) differential, or limited slip differential (LSD such as Torsen. Quaife. Sierra etc.) to improve performance. Therefore any place the terms standard (open) differential appear all of these may be assumed to be compatible.
  • the AVRD is a passive device (no control system required) or it may be used with Traction Control Systems. In general Limited Slip Differentials are passive devices which proportion torque through the generation of an axle torque difference. Types of LSD's are presently: Torque Sensing and Speed Sensing. Torque sensing differentials make use of Mechanical Friction, and Speed sensing differentials require development of wheel speed difference in order to actuate.
  • the overdrive sends 2 RPM to the slower side bevel gear.
  • the difference in the spinning axle speed and the axle with traction bevel gear speed is a 3:1 ratio correction, which is (3x22) 66 times as fast a correction as the (22 : 1 ) ratio which caused the system imbalance.
  • the 22:1 reducer varies up toward 1:1 and the 2:1 overdrive varies down toward 1:1.
  • the AVRD is a more than true positive traction because it allows the tires to respond to each other in terms of torque and speed and yet allows no slippage (true positive traction) in the vehicle rear end. (The AVRD is POSITIVELY TRACTIONS
  • the power train of the AVRD pushes off the carrier, therefore it cannot develop more torque than is available to the carrier and neither can the sum of the wheel speeds be greater than twice the carrier speed. Therefore, as the largest ratio (24:1) begins to transfer torque near the carrier torque potential the device switches to speed sensing, and varies its effective ratio in proportion to torque. This slows the spinning wheel even as the wheel with traction receives horsepower from the system (Speed and torque being the components of horsepower, the device is horsepower sensitive.)
  • Thb circulating horsepower constantly seeks the path of least resistance:
  • variable ratio causes the system to search the following alternates for the path of least resistance:
  • Wheel spin Secondary ratio of the AVRD takes over as the planet gears begin to orbit the slower moving axle.
  • a new path of least resistance is created directing power to the wheel with traction.
  • the spinning wheel encounters 30 lb. of traction
  • variable ratio begins to search for that ratio which will gain speed at the tire with most traction in proportion to the horsepower available at the carrier without exceeding the speed or torque available to the carrier.
  • the vehicle maintains forward motion (desired motion). Since this process is on going at all speeds, and varies up the ratio scale as well as down, it operates in unison with vehicle forward motion( inertia), the traction and vehicle inertia is maintained by constant instantaneous, and minute adjustment of horsepower distribution. This process is less likely or unlikely to let the vehicle become immobile or do damage to the ground link conditions which are of obvious value to passage of the individual vehicle, the next vehicle or the return trip conditions which face the individual vehicle or convoy.
  • Anti-lock Brake Systems are for stopping a car and may work similarly when a vehicle uses the drive chain as the braking system of a vehicle on a protracted, steep downhill slope or aid safety in ordinary slowing to a stop.
  • the variable nature ofthe device also acts as a buffer to absorb torque shock in the drive train both from the engine and from road conditions. It may therefore be possible to down size the power train. This trait will make the effective cost of the device negative.
  • the AVRD will reduce torque steer in front wheel drive vehicles, which is a problem upon accelerate from stop.
  • the tendency of the variable ratio to spread torque shock over time will reduce axle breakage.
  • the Infinitely Variable Transmission will be a biased differential using configurations different on each side, even the idler gear type which will make it easy on a brake while it also helps store power in a flywheeL
  • the looking glass becomes weighted but not distorted.
  • the reversing AVRD has been observed to have three forwards and one reverse on each axle.
  • a third type device I call Super Aggressive b created by adding an idler to the fixed differential (as in section three) works in any combination or at both sides of a differential
  • a very slow creep device (high ratio in the side differential) will cause the inside wheel to move very slow in a turn thus producing a tighter turning radius.
  • Thb factor accounts for much of the need for strength in the drive train parts (size and weight). It may be possible to down size the drive system and/or the vehicle. Thb feature b the same as one of the main functions of a torque converter in or clutch in a drive train, to absorb road shock etc
  • Ratio Variation at_all speeds b c ⁇ tiek because of he 2:1 OD in the open differential 5.
  • the device will help tire wear rubber pollution by sending torque where it can best be used.
  • Torque compensation at the differential before slippage of a tire occurs reduces tire wear.
  • a group of Unique torque sensing and-speed sensing (horsepower sensitive) differentials which use a true mechanical ratio instead of mechanical friction to proportion torque between vehicle wheels.
  • a Differential gear system divides the torque of a rotational prime mover between the axle shafts of a vehicle and allows them to rotate at different speeds when turning corners.
  • Thb restraining device can be a second rotational input a set up which creates variable ratios (Phase Shifting). Drawing #5 Items 5 & 6. Photo #2. Engineers Fig. 2 (Phase Shifting occurs when the fixed member of the fixed differential b given a rotation of its own. Thb rotation directly effects output speed and path of torque in our device)
  • the orbital gears are placed in motion by rotating the carrier to which their bearings are affixed.
  • the one tooth falb back and pulls the 24 tooth gear in the same direction as the carrier and its own rotation.
  • Thb produces a reduction of 24:1 ratio with output in the same direction as the carrier.
  • Phase Shifting by a second rotational input instead of a static restraint adds an effect like a third dimension to the motions here described and creates the variable ratios necessary to the Automatic Variable Ratio Differential described later.
  • the orbital gears are placed in motion by rotating the carrier to which their bearings are affixed.
  • the one tooth carries forward and pushes the 23 tooth gear in the opposite direction as the carrier rotation.
  • Thb produces a reduction of 23 : 1 ratio with output in the opposite direction as the carrier.
  • the device can be made with spur gears, herring bone gears, helical gears, ( Drawing 2&5) annulus gears, (Drawing 3) ( Annulus Gears can be used inside each other in multiple layers to produce very high reductions)
  • Pinion, helical and herring bone gears can operate within annulus gears to create tremendous reduction, and very high contact ratio in a very small unit to torque ratio.
  • Phase Shifting occurs when the fixed member of the group is given a rotation of its own. Thb rotation directly effects output speed and path of torque in our device) 19. Fast forward or reverse or slow motion or stop and go, control b made possible by the ability to drive from more than one place at once (Phase Shifting).
  • the shaft in motion b a slave of the reactionary shaft and its gear.
  • a fixed differential mav be any of those described or mentioned in Dudley's Gear Handbook-All epicycles and hypocycles of chapter 3— fig. 3.12. 3.13. 3.14 & 3.24 etc. or similar publications describing devices of like characteristics.
  • Dudley's Gear Handbook— Table 3.9 Pg 3.29 covers fixed differential gear data ratio formulas.
  • Planetary Sets (Low Ratio Fixed Differential) are described in Drawin g 11A & UB and reduced to practice in an AVRD in Drawing 9ABC&D&12 and Photo #9AC&D.
  • Planetary Sets are used as a form of Fixed differential since one of the members b attached to the planetary carrier and remains fixed in reference to the differential in the middle
  • Thb new Unk in the chain of torque b equal to the resbtance to rotation experienced by the wheel in sUp multipUed by the average aggregate reduction ratio of the opposing fixed differentiab and fed in the form of torque to the wheel with traction.
  • the wheel with traction begins to creep at the base ratio of the fixed differential (in thb case 24:1), and as the wheel in sUp gains traction the system reacts (Phase Shifts) by returning to torque to proper balance and proportion .
  • the 24: 1 ratio can go through a variation (Phase Shift) of ratios in the process, but the fixed differential planets wUl ultimately assume a balanced straight forward mode unitary with both axles and the differential between them.
  • the two outputs of a standard (open) differential are affixed to a spur (sun) or annular gear of the same diameters and numbers of teeth respectively.
  • These two gears are set facially adjacent to a pair of spur (sun) or annular gears (attached to the final drives or axles) these axle gears have less teeth (or differ in tooth form so as the pitch diameters are smaUer even if the outside diameters are equal) than those attached to the side (bevel) gears (Drawing 4B & 7-Photo 4A&B Items 8 & 9) (or differ in tooth form so as the pitch diameters are different even if the outside diameters are equal) than the gears mounted at the end of the outputs (Drawing 4B&7 Photo4A&B Items 2&3) of the standard (open) differential (Thb set up tends to create a counter rotation on the slower moving axle and a forward rotation of the faster axle)
  • the said planet gears (Drawing 4B& 7 — Photo 4A&B Items 6/4 & 5/7) physically attach the two suns on each side and make whole two axles or final drives.
  • the g round completes the union.
  • the ground-link torque and system union of the vehicle drive system can lose definition in a turn.
  • thb can cause loss of vehicle control especially in a high speed turn, because under some road surface conditions, when one wheel takes the inside the outside wheelw ⁇ Tbnly generate as- much facial pressure on the outside side (bevel) gear as upon the slower moving inside side (bevel) gear which amounts to less forward thrust or torque on the outside wheeL
  • the system seeks a toroue proportioned positive fraction bv holdin g the side gears to the same facial pressure and the mechanical advantage of the fixed differentials bring the axles to proportioned torque Instantl y . ( See part D. of the abstract in Section One)
  • T h is process operates proportionally throughout the maneuver of a left turn down to the vehicles smallest tumino radius.
  • the entire axle between the two wheels assumes a unitar y mode instantly for straight ahead and divides once more to proportion toroue throu g hout the execution of a rioht turn.
  • the two outputs of a standard (open) differential are affixed to a spur (sun) gears of the same diameters and numbers of teeth.
  • These two gears are set within a planetary assembly as in photo #1 to operate within a set of spur (planetary) gears (attached to the final drives, axles or second inputs by a set of annular gears one affixed to the carrier and one affixed to the wheel axle etc) which have more or less teeth respectively
  • Photo #1 Items 9 & 2) or differ in tooth form so as the pitch diameters are different even if the inside diameters are equal
  • the gears mounted at the end of the outputs ( Items 9 & 2) of the standard (open) differential AU of the feedback and primary inputs are an aggregate which create the variable ratio.
  • Thb new link in the chain of torque can be customized to road conditions (by gear ratio variations) and aid in vehicle control in traffic etc or used to reduce the turning radius (produce facing movements) of such vehicles as fork-lifts etc (C)
  • ratio variation created by second inputs coming from the natural action of the several differentiab.
  • a synergetic device b created which customizes itself and re proportions torque constantly.
  • Thb device can be similar to description B, C or E according to configuration, and it has definite torque proportioning qualities. An almost endless array of possibilities arise when different ratios (B or C) are used on opposing sides of any type differential (A) to accommodate known circles such as race tracks.
  • a group of Unique torque-sensing and speed sensing (horse power sensitive) differentials which use a true mechanical ratio instead of mechanical friction to proportion torque between vehicle wheels.
  • LSD Limited SUp Differentiab
  • the axles are connected to the planetary carrier of the planetary sets.
  • the shafts (Drawing 9A ) from the side bevel gears of the open differential connect to the sun gears of the planetary sets.
  • Thb creates a device that breaks up in a turn or spin out (Bog) situation to be like Drawing 10 Item 2 (Minimum Reduction) on the stopped axle and like Drawing 10 Item 1 (Maximum Reduction) on the spinning axle It b important to remember these are mirrors to each other when attached to the opposite ends of the open differential and stationary b relative in terms of least resbtance therefore Drawing 10 Item 1&2 swap sides and dominance constantly according to ground link conditions.
  • Drawing 10 Item 1 b a Maximum Reduction and Drawing 10 Item 2 b a Minimum Reduction
  • Horsepower circulates in the system and the path of least resbtance changes constantly as the planetary sets adumbrate from (Drawing 10 Item 1 to Item 2) configuration and the s y stem searches for a place to use horsepower efficiently.
  • This device addresses the same or similar circumstances as described in B. & C. and most descriptions may be considered cumulative
  • the device can show qualities of both Aggressive and Creeping A VRDs.
  • Custom designs of similar nature can be created by the designs suggested by Photo #1 and all versions including the A, AA, B, C, Drawing 10 etc can oppose each other effectively through any open differential or limited slip differential
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • E-Drawing 9B An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9B b created wherein :
  • the 2 sun gears are rigidly attached to the open differential carrier at (Drawing 9B 2S&26) and are hollow to allow passage ofthe shafts (27 & 28) connecting the side bevel gears to the 2 planetary set carriers.
  • Thb creates a device that breaks up in a turn to be lute Drawing 10 Item 3 (Reverse Reduction) on the inside axle, and like Drawing 10 Item 4 (Minimum Overdrive) on the outside It b important to remember these are mirrors to each other when attached to the opposite ends ofthe open differential and stationary b relative in terms of least resistance.
  • the ground link connection in thb device which has 3 points. That b to say, the two driven wheeb wUl be allowed to input to the system only as the steering axle allows in terms of the forward radius and the reverse radius aUowed by the steerage moving out of the way and to the side ofthe reversing driver.
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle thb system aUows the best of forward and reverse propubion in a turn.
  • the steering axle influence b dominant in a turn.
  • Modifications wiU be customized to each vehicle to accommodate an automatic maneuver. Abo, custom designs of similar nature can be created by the designs suggested by Photo #1.
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 9C An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9C b created wherein :
  • the 2 sun gears are rigidly attached to the open differential carrier (at 25&26) and are hollow to allow passage of the shaft connecting the side bevel gears to the 2 planetary set carriers.
  • Drawing 10 Item 3 b a reverse reduction and Drawing 10 Item 4 b a forward overdrive the path of least resbtance tries to reverse the inside wheel even as the outside wheel speeds around the turn.
  • the result b a reduced turning radius of the vehicle.
  • Variations of planetary set ratios can be custom configured to move the pivot point of the vehicle from place to place in the radius of the turn as required by pallet rack spacing etc.
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives (similar to individual hydraulic motors on each wheel with independent forward reverse control) and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle thb system allows the best of forward and reverse propubkra in a turn.
  • the addition of a brake assembly at Drawing 9C & Photo # 9C Item 29/30 & 31/32 gives the system operator control by a joy stick or other device on a vehicle such as a buUdozer or other skid steering device.
  • Reference Drawing 13 which represents a counter balanced fork-lift.
  • Wheel 1 & 2 both pull with equal torque forward.
  • Vector A & B Wheels 2 & 3 experience a side pull.
  • Vector C & D Because this side thrust b high resistance sliding friction, a path of least resbtance u found in the direction of the rolling friction path represented by Vectors E & F. This path is taken only as the steering tires are dragged along, which in soft ground or even gravel or soft asphalt often results in plowing, dozing and digging. Due to the nature of an open differential and the angle of attack of 3 & 4, only wheel 2 is truly pulling wheel 3 & 4 toward Vector E & F. Wheel 1 b mostly dragging wheels 3 & 4 toward Vector C &D.
  • Wheel 2 pulls forward with greater speed and less torque toward Vector B.
  • Wheels 3 & 4 experience reduced side pull along Vector C & D.
  • the resulting swing motion of axle 6 toward G & B reduce and avoid the sliding of wheels 3 & 4 along C & D and compliment each other in moving 3 & 4 toward E &. F while avoiding the ground deformation described above.
  • Drawing 9D An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9D b created wherein :
  • the axles are connected to the sun gear of the planetary sets.
  • the annular gears (Item 15 &16) are rigidly ' attached tO / thejopen differential carrier. (Item 12)
  • Thb creates a device that breaks up in a turn to be like Drawing 10 Item 6 (Reverse Over Drive) on the inside axle and like Drawing 10 Item 5 (Maximum Overdrive) on the outside It b important to remember these are mirrors to each other when attached to the opposite ends of the open differential and stationary b relative in terms of least resistance.
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives (similar to individual hydrauUc motors on each wheel with independent forward reverse control) and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle thb system allows the best of forward and reverse propubion in a turn.
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 9F An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9F b created wherein :
  • the Planets 4 & 5 which are held in a floating carrier are extended to rotationally attach to the annular gears Item 35 & 36 this creates a new device with unique properties which can be configured in terms of fixed differential ratios such as those already described a ( and those related to Photo #1 ) to create a controlled reverse of the inside wheel of vehicle to facilitate a shorter turning radius.
  • a disc brake and shoe 29 & 30-30 & 31 add operator control to the system.
  • the ground link connection in thb device which will have 3 points because of the influence of the steering axle (point 3). That is to say, The two driven wheels will be allowed to input to the system only as the steering axle allows in terms of the forward radius and the reverse radius allowed by the steerage moving out of the way and to the side of the reversing driver.
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives (similar to individual hydraulic motors on each wheel, with independent forward reverse control) and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle, this system allows the best of forward and reverse propulsion in a turn.
  • the addition of a brake assembly at Drawing 9F Item 29/30 & 31/32 gives the system operator control by a joy stick or other device on a vehicle such as a bulldozer or other skid steering device
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 9G An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9G is created wherein :
  • the Planets 4 & 5 which are held in a floating carrier are extended to rotationally attach to the sun gears Item 33 & 34 this creates a new device with unique properties which can be configured in terms of fixed differential ratios such as those already described (and those related to Photo #1) to create a controlled reverse of the inside wheel of vehicle to facilitate a shorter turning radius.
  • a disc brake and shoe 29 & 30-30 & 31 add operator control to the system.
  • the ground link connection in thb device which will have 3 points because of the influence of the steering axle (point 3). That is to say, The two driven wheels will be allowed to input to the system only as the steering axle allows in terms of the forward radius and the reverse radius allowed by the steerage moving out of the way and to the side of the reversing driver.
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives (similar to individual hydraulic motors on each wheel, with independent forward reverse control) and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle this system allows the best of forward and reverse propulsion in a turn.
  • the addition of a brake assembly at Drawing 9G Item 29/30 & 31/32 gives the system operator control by a joy stick or other device on a vehicle such as a bulldozer or other skid steering device
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 9H A differential such as Drawing 9H is created wherein : 1.
  • the axles are connected to the sun gears of the planetary sets and also attached to the side bevel gears of the open differential.
  • Drawing 9H Items 10.3 &27— 11. 2 & 28 The shafts (Drawing 9H Items 27 & 28) from the side bevel gears ofthe open differential connect to the Sun Gear of the planetary sets and are also the one piece axle
  • thb device which will have 3 points because of the influence ofthe steering axle (point 3).
  • the vehicle should be thought of as two one wheel drives (similar to individual hydraulic motors on each wheel, with independent forward reverse control) and then combined. Either driving wheel would provide motivation to the vehicle, thb system allows the best of forward and reverse propulsion in a turn.
  • a brake assembly at Drawing 9H Item 29/30 & 31/32 gives the system operator control by a joy stick or other device on a vehicle such as a bulldozer or other skid steering device.
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 91 A differential such as Drawing 91 is created wherein :
  • the shafts (Drawing 91 items 27 & 28) from the side Bevel Bears ofthe open differential connect to the Annular Gear of he planetary sets and are also the one piece axle
  • the Planets (Items 4 & 5) which are held in a floating carrier rotationally attached to the sun gears Item 2 & 3 and the annular gears 16 & 15 this creates a new device with unique properties to create a controlled reverse of the inside wheel of vehicle to facilitate a shorter turning radius.
  • the planetary set ratio b slightly more than 2 : 1. Thb means the held planetary produces 2 : 1 Reduction in reverse.
  • the device we tested has roughly 1/2 Revolution of reverse and 2.5/1 revolutions forward per revolution of the carrier as in 9C.
  • a device can be constructed as in Drawing # 8 by replacing one of the fixed differentiab with a variable speed motor or adding such motor where a wheel would normally be In such a device the mechanical advantage could be changed without changing gears as by a shifting gear box.
  • the direction of rotation could also be changed smoothly without a reversing-gear mechanbm being shifted in or out Since the device b strictly a mechanical device using conventional gear meshes of known efficiencies, I expect it would be uniformly efficient over its fuU range of operation.
  • fluid drive systems have large volumetric losses at the low-speed-high-torque (l-s-h-t) end of their operating spectrum.
  • Variable speed electric motors abo have problems with l-s-h-t performance. With the electrical system a gear box can usually be found to satisfy the l-s-h-t situation, but then the high speed performance is significantly reduced.
  • Thb device wiU operate equally weU throughout its operating range It wiU have the capacity to seek maximum efficiency, especially when a system of programmable logic controllers are assigned to help make decbions.
  • thb happens very quickly and automatically.
  • Another theory of thb operation b the over drive in an aggressive AVRD buUt with planetary sets such as Drawing 9D Photo 9D biases torque to the wheel with traction because the stopped or slower wheel b easier to move than the spinning wheel b to speed up.
  • Thb characteristic b that which causes thb device to favor the automatic reversing of the inside wheel of a vehicle in a turn according to the angle of the steering axle and the corresponding steering axle influence on the ground Unk.
  • Thb b accomplbhed by a spontaneous reverse of the side bevel gear of the open differential and the planetary carrier attached to it Thb can stop the planetary carrier and cause the reverse of the inside wheel by the carrier influence or go farther and increase that reverse by complimentary rotation of the planetary set carrier.
  • a brake or automatic traction system can supply the initial resbtance
  • the presence of the brake on the planetary carrier of the planetary sets of Drawing 9C & 9D or Photo 9C & D adds the reversing factor to the mix of utiUties of the AVRD systems.
  • Thb amounts to an infinitely variable (in torque and speed ) pair of transmissions which operate complimentary to the standard (open) differential and to each other, to proportion both Speed & Torque (HORSEPOWER) between the wheeb of a vehicle in response to variations in ground conditions.
  • HORSEPOWER Speed & Torque
  • the 5 or more inputs of an AVRD are:
  • any one or any combination of these inputs responds instantly to changes in relative speed among themselves, and causes the gear system to change phase relationship. Since the governing factor in thb system b the path of least resbtance the corrections of torque and speed respond to changes in ground conditions as experienced separately by the tires and communicated to the system by the ground Unk of he two tires in a cooperative fashion.
  • a phase shift occurs in the system, each time a driven gear changes its' relative pitch diameter by increase of speed in the same relative direction as its' prime mover ( losing relative size) or slowing, stopping or reversing (gaining relative size) and vice versa.
  • Thb b a process which resembles slippage but does not sUp.
  • It b thb process which causes the system to seek the wheel which has traction and can accept the bulk of carrier torque and place it there at a reduced RPM, then begin to search for the maximum speed at which the wheel with traction can accept horsepower, even as it cooperates with changing ground conditions at the tire that was slipping, by communicating with the prime mover through the ground link.
  • An epicyle b a circle traced on a circle and refers in thb document to planet gears with external teeth running against sun gears with external teeth.
  • a hypocycle b a circle within a circle and refers in thb document to planet gears with external teeth running against the inside internal toothed gears with or without a sun gear present
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • TCS Torque Control System
  • BTCS Break Torque Control System
  • any differential may be used in place ofthe Standard (Open) Differential
  • a variation of these devices can create a perfect power divider (transfer case) for 4 wheel drive vehicles. We wttl be continuing our research into completely new areas where control b required to be more perfect or custom.
  • a system of programmable logic controUers can control these devices through brakes or second rotational input drives to dbtribute torque and maintain constant output speed whUe the prime mover varies in speed or vice versa.
  • a variation can be buUt to take the place of a torque converter ahead of current automatic transmbsion to absorb road shock and eUminate the sUppage, inefficiency and gas mileage loss now experienced with automatic transmissions, or store energy in a flywheel for later use
  • Thb concept of control b true of any differential device (center) used in conjunction with all fixed differentiab (attached to sides) such as: Dudley's Gear Handbook Fig. 3.24 Pg. 3.30, Pianetaries, Sumitomo, orbi-drive planocentric, Winnsmith fixed differentiab or etc Outboard motor foot Two motor input one output One input, two outputs.
  • a rotating differential carrier wherein are located three attachment inputs connected to epicyclic trains. Said epicycUc trains are further attached among themselves so as to form both rotary and static relationships as dictated by external resbtance to rotation of the multiple input/output carrier. Such resbtance can be entered by multiple output/inputs as interrelated by a ground link or by single inputs such as brakes or rotary inputs. By means of this system a single input b able to interact as four or more cooperative drives.
  • shortened turn radius devices Uses of the shortened turn radius devices (reverse inside wheel) are Wheel Chairs, Robots, Weapons, General Fork-Uft Operation, lawn mowers, floor sweepers etc.
  • Any planetary set member which can be reached while the AVRD b in operation can be alternately or partiaUy released and held to cause independent forward and reverse and change of speed of either output without regard to input direction or speed. Thb method produces 3 forwards and one reverse speed at each output
  • Variables involved in determining the turning radius limitations are: Wheel Stance Wheel Base Base Ratio of the AVRD etc.
  • Thb invention embodies the use of standard differential axle coupled with what b known as a fixed differential (a differential b most basically defined as a gearing system with multiple possible inputs or outputs).
  • Thb gearing arrangement obeys the following laws:
  • the spider gears' revolving acts upon the left wheel in an opposite manner (referring to wheel speed) thb movement compounds with the speed (X) of the differential carrier.
  • Tractive force can be no greater than twice the value of the least efficient wheel's effort (thus obeying law #3—the side (bevel) gears are what ultimately drive the wheeb).
  • Tractive force lost completely or nearly so can easily stop a vehicle's motion.
  • I wUl choose to Ulustrate the invention using a fixed differential of the spur-gear-type using a single planetaryj*ear.
  • (A) Planet gears have 12 teeth each. These in thb case are wide enough gears to-epgage teeth on both the inner and axle spur gears at once
  • Axle gears are 24 tooth spur gears.
  • (C) Inner spur gears are 23 teeth each.
  • a differential gear system divides the torque of a rotational prime mover between the two axle shafts of a vehicle and aUows them to rotate at different speeds when turning corners.
  • the prime mover (1) provides the input to the differential through the drive shaft pinion (2).
  • the ring gear (3) which also acts as the planet carrier, b driven by the drive shaft pinion.
  • the planet gears (4) are mounted on stub-shafts fixed to the carrier and orbit the output shaft axb at the same speed as the ring gear.
  • Output gears (5&6) are connected to the output shafts (7&8) of the differential which are subsequently connected to the rear wheeb of the vehicle
  • the two gears (5&6) revolve at the same speed and there b no relative motion between the planet gear (4) and the two output gears (5&6).
  • the planet gears serve only to transmit motion from the planet carrier to both wheels.
  • the inside wheel makes fewer revolutions than the outside wheel because of its shorter turning radius. If thb difference of speed between the two wheeb were not compensated for in some way, one or both of the wheeb would have to slide to make the turn.
  • the differential allows the wheeb to rotate at different rotational speeds while at the same time delivering power to both. WhUe in a turn, the planet gears (4) rotate on their stub-shafts and permit output gears (5&6) to revolve at different speeds relative to one another.
  • the planet pinions (4) serve as balance levers between output gears (5&6).
  • the teeth have an involute profile; the normals to the profiles at aU points of contact pass through the pitch points, so the lever arms always remain equal: thus the differential b always in balance
  • a planetary gear set always includes a sun gear (9&10), one or more planet gears (11), and a planet carrier or arm (12) as shown in (Engineers Fig. 2).
  • a planetary b a special type of epicyclic gear train in which one of the axes of gears may be in motion.
  • the gear train dbcussed herein may be either simple or compound depending on the configuration of the planet member itself. If the planet gear has two different gear faces, it b said to be a compound planetary.
  • the theory of operation of the two types b the same but generally the compound type b used for larger reduction ratios.
  • Planetaries can be used in the design of computing mechanbms to predict a singleot ⁇ put by summingf ⁇ o inputs to provide a single output
  • a planetary gear set has two degrees of freedom. Thb means that the motion of each element of the mechanbm b not defined unless the motion of two of its elements b specified.
  • the important feature here b that the output b always the function of two inputs.
  • the inputs sometimes operate as outputs and outputs sometimes operate as inputs as in the case of an overrunning condition where the vehicle wheeb are being driven instead of doing the driving (such as engine braking, in such cases there may be torque reversals within the system without changes in direction of rotation.)
  • the invention described herein uses a planetary gear set applied to each of the output shafts of a differential Further, the two planet carriers of the planetaries are driven by the planet carrier of the differential device previously described. They may be directly coupled (as in the case described here) or gear-driven from the main differential carrier. The point being that there b a direct and constant relationship between the motions of aU the planet carriers.
  • ground-Unk Another very important feature of thb system b the "ground-Unk".
  • the ground-Unk connects the two output shafts of the planetary (see Engineers Fig.3).
  • Thb connection provides a mechanical communication link between the two drive wheels, back through the planetaries, and ultimately back to the balancing planet pinion (4).
  • Thb mechanical decbion making process happens continually, rapidly, and without interruption.
  • It b basically an analog input (acting through the ground-Unk that exbts between the two wheeb) that makes the system perform the way it does.
  • the analog input varies instantaneously with the turning radius that each wheel b experiencing.
  • the instant center (the point about which a body/vehicle tends to pivot or turn) moves to the center of the inside wheel Drawing 14 Fig. I Point K .
  • a single (controlled) steering caster with the ability to turn more than 180 degrees becomes necessary or with two steering tires a turning system can be designed which traces the tangents of circles Drawing 14 Fig. 2 Point J 3 and J4 based on the changing instant center.
  • the instant center of a vehicle is suggested by the ratio o the 1/2 axle length divided into the wheel base.
  • the 2:1 ratio in 9C creates a -.5 reverse rotation of the inside wheel and +2.5 rotation of the outside wheel (5 : 1) per revolution of the open differential carrier.
  • ratio of the wheel speeds (5: 1 ) are the same as the ratio of the 1/2 axle divided into the wheel base (5 :1 ) and therefore complimentary. These ratios in the differential and the planetary sets can be customized, modified etc. to a range of vehicle configurations.
  • a computer chip and lineal positioning hydraulic cylinder set up to turn a multiplying device such as Drawin g 14 Fig. 3 & 4 in which 3 A & B are a set of gears, sprockets and linkages etc. designed to multiply the rotational stroke of a lineal positioning or other Computer Numerical Controllable (CNC) device used at the top of caster Fig. 4 D comes to mind as an example of many ways to accomplish the desired purpose of reducing the turning radius of any vehicle and accommodating this maneuver by turning like a caster in response to a three point ground link.
  • CNC Computer Numerical Controllable
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 15 An (AVRD) such as Drawing 15 b created wherein :
  • the 2 sun gears are rigidly attached to the open differential carrier (at 25&26) and are hollow to allow passage of the shaft connecting the side bevel gears to the 2 planetary set carriers.
  • Variations of planetary set ratios can be custom configured to move the pivot point of the vehicle from place to place in the radius of the turn.
  • Drawing 16 One version of a device designed to cause aggressive behavior An (AVRD) such as Drawing 16 is created wherein :
  • the differential carrier (12) u connected to the planetary carrier of the planetary set cluster (5 & 6).
  • the shafts 27 & 28 (Drawing 16 ) from the side bevel gears of the open differential connect to the sun gears 2 & 3 ofthe planetary sets.
  • the pair of annular gears are rigidly attached to the output axles 10 & 11.
  • Drawing 10 Item 1 b a Maximum Reduction and Drawing 10 Item 4 is a Minimum Over Drive
  • Horsepower circulates in the system and the path of least resistance changes constantly as the planetary sets adumbrate from (Drawing 10 Item 1 to Item 4) configuration and the system searches for a place to use horsepower efficiently.
  • This device addresses the same or similar circumstances as described in B. & C. and most descriptions may be considered cumulative
  • the device can show qualities of both Aggressive and Creeping AVRDs.
  • Custom designs of similar nature can be created by the designs suggested by Photo #1 and all versions including the A, AA, B, C, Drawing 10 etc. can oppose each other effectively through any open differential or conventional limited slip differential
  • the one piece rotary input/carrier/shaft (Drawing 17 Item 12A ) connects to the sun gear (2) . Dwg 17 Items 12A & 2. This arrangement produces reverse rotation (counter to input) of output 10 when brake (31 & 32) b applied.
  • the carrier shaft 12A passes completely through the transmbsion and connects to annular gear 16 by way of carrier cross 12B and carrier connection 12C thuss driving said annular 16 at all times.
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 18 An (AVRD) such as Drawing 9C is created wherein :
  • the shafts (Drawing 18 Items 27 & 28) from the side bevel gears 1A & IB of the open differential connect to the planetary carrier of the planetary sets ( Dwg 18 Items 4 & 5) and to brake assemblies ⁇ 29&3031&32 ). then continue beyond in one piece to support the tire hub output bearings.
  • the 2 sun gears 3 & 2 are rigidly attached to the open differential carrier by tubular axles 12A & 12B which are hollow to allow passage of the shafts 27 & 28. Drawing 18 Points 12A & 12B
  • Thb creates a device that breaks up in a turn to be like Drawing 10 Item 3 (Reverse Reduction) on the inside axle, and like Drawing 10 Item 4 (Minimum Overdrive) on the outside It is important to remember these are mirrors to each other when attached to the opposite ends of the open differential and stationary is relative in terms of least resistance.
  • Drawing 10 Item 3 is a reverse reduction and Drawing 10 Item 4 is a forward overdrive, the path of least resistance tries to reverse the inside wheel even as the outside wheel speeds around the turn.
  • the result is a reduced resistance to the turning radius of the vehicle
  • Variations of planetary set ratios can be custom configured to move the instant center of the vehicle from place to place in the radius of the turn as required by pallet rack spacing etc. Thus increasing effective storage space.
  • the ground link connection in this device which will have 3 points because of the influence of the steering axle (point 3) which is an additional input to the system from the horizontal plane That b to say,
  • the two driven wheels will be allowed to input to the system only as the steering axle allows, in terms of the forward radius and the reverse radius allowed by the steerage moving out of the way and to the side of the reversing driver.
  • AVRD Automatic Variable Ratio Differential
  • Drawing 19 An (AVRD) similar to Drawing 18 is created wherein :
  • the annular gear hubs 15 & 16 are connected to the planetary set cluster of the second or outside planetary set 4* & 5* by tubular axle housing 12C & 12D.
  • Thb creates a device that breaks up in a left turn (Brake 30 restrained by shoe 29 to be like Drawing 10 Item 3 (Reverse Reduction) on the inboard (Tire A) (counter rotating) axle of a left turn, and like Drawing 10 Item 4 (Minimum Overdrive) on the second (Tire C), even faster counter rotating wheel
  • Tire B of drawing 19 reacts as in explanation 18 tire B in a left turn.
  • a right turn is executed by restraining brake 32 with shoe 31.
  • a device capable of acting in a turn to produce fast counter rotation of the inner most wheel of a set of duab (Tire C) executing a left (or right) turn, proper and slower rotation of the inboard inside wheel (Tire A), forward rotation of the outer inboard dual (Tire B) and faster forward rotation ofthe outer most wheel (Tire D). All wheels (Tires CABD) can be timed and coordinated to wheel spacing by proper planetary set ratios.
  • All wheels can be timed and coordinated to wheel spacing by proper planetary set ratios.
  • a program Computer Numerical Controlled AVRD can be built to operate on Solar Cell and Rechargable Batteries.
  • a reciprocating (Hedge Clipper Type Blade) diagonal across the device at proper ground clearance would cut grass in ultra slow motion.
  • a track or caster type vehicle would be used and the AVRD controlled by the computer.
  • the vehicle slowly and constantly twirls about an instantant center changed by alternating the steering brake which is held or released to manuever about the program any unusual resistance would cause the system to adjust or change the motion but return to the program.
  • a differential b considered to be a device which splits one rotary input into two variable speed outputs.
  • the differential carrier is a pair of constant speed outputs and the differential axle is two variable outputs.
  • All AVRD's vary their output ratio by attachment ofthe the constant carrier speed of an open differential each to an input of two planetary sets and the open differentiab variable outputs are used to drive the second input of the said pair of planetary sets, one planetary set is attached to these two outputs (by two connections) one on each side of the said open differentia
  • the result is an interdependent phase shifting variable ratio on each tire caused by the four inputs which merge into two, speed and torque sensing outputs which vary in ratio in response to ground link conditions with a mind bent upon forward motion.
  • the number of combinations of thb arrangement are staggering and likewise are the number of problems which can be addressed by custom designed solutions.
  • the transmission version will seek efficiency by variation of ratio, effectively finding the right gear ratio to make best use of the least possible fuel There are also other reasons for efficiencies.
  • the Positively Traction feature of the Reversing Automatic Variable Ratio Differential is all gears. Unlike friction or inefficiency based devices such as are used in other limited slip differentials. Therefore the AVRD is traction compatible with a quick turning radius and operates throughout the turn. 6. There is a chronic need for a small and large positive traction differential with inside wheel reverse for all terrain. We believe the (RAVRD) will help deal with traction problems on an all terrain mower due to its Positively Traction feature a feature which operates even while a turn is being executed. The Reversing Wheel features', reduction of turning radius, further improves the vehicle for better utility value
  • Tire wear is reduced and ground scalping caused by the tires b reduced to a minimum or eliminated due to the coordinated synergistic operation of the gear system.
  • a couple is a perfect way of turning It consist of two forces of equal magnitude in parallel but oppositely directed.
  • the RAVRD is a perfect couple.
  • a couple facilitates a turn from dead stop. No forward motion of the vehicle is required.
  • Conventional steering is Uke pulling a tap with two hands on the same side of the tap wrench, our couple is two coordinated hands with built in skill used on both sides of a proper tap wrench.
  • the about face of the RAVRD is gear coordinated to place the mower exactly on the next cutting pass every time, as illustrated in the accompanying video!
  • An instant center near the inside tire is better because the turn aligns the vehicle for the next pass.
  • An instant center dependent upon operator skill will not be perfectly offset to one side of the last pass, after a maneuver.
  • the traction feature is produced by the influence of the ground link changing the nature ofthe system, this can be best analyzed by an extreme; that is by realizing what happens to the planetary sets illustrated in Drawing 9C (the quick turn device differential) when the brake is held.
  • the nature of the planetary sets change therefore horsepower is not sacrificed or heat built up at unacceptable levels.
  • the planetary set with the brake held (inside wheel of a turn) bolates to become ( see Drawing 10 Item 3) reverse reduction and is driven only by the sun gear ( 3 ). In this instance it produces 1/2 the speed ofthe carrier in reverse Infinite custom ratios to move the vehicle instant center are practical, however.
  • the outside wheel receives forward rotation at twice the speed of the carrier from the 2:1 over drive in the open differential, plus 1/2 the speed of the carrier from the rotational input produced by the sun gear ( IB). This is because the brake holds both the planetary cluster ( 4 ) and the side bevel gear ( 1 A ).
  • a steering setup which emulates a caster pattern can produce counter rotation of the inside wheel in a turn, much the same as a brake
  • Skid steering loaders six wheelers, wheel chairs, farm tractors, robots, fork-lifts, loaders, floor sweepers, lawnmowers, military vehicles, the retrofit market, recreation vehicles, toys and ete
  • the AVRD wiU make all of these more practical efficacit, and efficient not to mention reductions of weight, cost, tire wear, operator fatigue and ground deformation.
  • the resulting all mechanical device is more easUy serviced, by less skilled and trained personnel using simpler tools.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'engrenage différentiel sensible aux chevaux vapeur, détectant la vitesse et le couple, et mettant en oeuvre un rapport mécanique réel au lieu d'une friction mécanique pour répartir le couple entre les roues du véhicule. Le couple est divisé entre les roues motrices en fonction des besoins et de l'efficacité.
EP98949713A 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Differentiels a rapport variable automatique Withdrawn EP1135272A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6066797P 1997-10-02 1997-10-02
US6865397P 1997-12-23 1997-12-23
US7523398P 1998-02-19 1998-02-19
PCT/US1998/020711 WO1999017948A1 (fr) 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Differentiels a rapport variable automatique

Publications (1)

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EP1135272A1 true EP1135272A1 (fr) 2001-09-26

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EP98949713A Withdrawn EP1135272A1 (fr) 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Differentiels a rapport variable automatique

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EP (1) EP1135272A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9598398A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999017948A1 (fr)

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DE10348959A1 (de) * 2003-10-22 2005-05-25 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Getriebevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Steuern und Regeln einer Getriebevorrichtung
DE102006007351A1 (de) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-23 Schaeffler Kg Differenzial mit Planetentrieb

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US5370588A (en) * 1991-11-29 1994-12-06 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Drive power distribution control system for vehicle

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Title
See references of WO9917948A1 *

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AU9598398A (en) 1999-04-27

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