EP1123521A2 - Lichtleitfaser mit kreisförmigem und nichtkreisförmigem querschnitt - Google Patents
Lichtleitfaser mit kreisförmigem und nichtkreisförmigem querschnittInfo
- Publication number
- EP1123521A2 EP1123521A2 EP99947392A EP99947392A EP1123521A2 EP 1123521 A2 EP1123521 A2 EP 1123521A2 EP 99947392 A EP99947392 A EP 99947392A EP 99947392 A EP99947392 A EP 99947392A EP 1123521 A2 EP1123521 A2 EP 1123521A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- optical fiber
- cross
- circular cross
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02033—Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00663—Production of light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
- G02B6/305—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device and having an integrated mode-size expanding section, e.g. tapered waveguide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3865—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture fabricated by using moulding techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
- G02B6/3885—Multicore or multichannel optical connectors, i.e. one single ferrule containing more than one fibre, e.g. ribbon type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
- G02B6/3886—Magnetic means to align ferrule ends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/302—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements characterised by the form or geometrical disposition of the individual elements
- G09F9/3023—Segmented electronic displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/241—Light guide terminations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3818—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres of a low-reflection-loss type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
- G02B6/3838—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule using grooves for light guides
- G02B6/3839—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule using grooves for light guides for a plurality of light guides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a polymer optical fiber.
- the polymer optical fiber with a circular cross-section is to be coupled to modules by the user, which, for example, take over the functions of light coupling, light coupling and light distribution, the circular cross-section proves to be of limited advantage because it is used for optimally loss-free input and output
- Uncoupling on the module also requires connecting parts with a circular cross section.
- Round structures can be created mechanically by drilling and turning; However, the production of circular structures using impression techniques, which are preferred today for the production of inexpensive integrated optical components, is difficult.
- Such components produced in impression technology contain optical waveguides which, for manufacturing reasons, normally have a non-circular cross section. If a polymer optical fiber with a circular cross-section is coupled to an integrated optical waveguide that has the same cross-sectional area with a square shape, coupling losses of approx Waveguide and then coupled back to the optical fiber. If the non-round waveguide cross section is chosen so large that it covers the round polymer optical fiber, one obtains no losses during the transition from the optical fiber to the waveguide; however, the losses in the reverse light path are all the greater.
- a disadvantage of circular cross sections is the reduced packing density. If circular cross sections are used closely lined up, a large surface area remains unused, namely the surface area lying between the circular cross sections. Similar disadvantages arise in the construction of micro-optical splitters. In these, the input fiber with a circular cross section is usually placed on the adjacent output fibers with a circular cross section. The light falling into the gusset area of the circular output fibers is lost and contributes to the excess loss of the component.
- the object of the invention is to create an optical fiber which enables the loss of light guided in the optical fiber with almost any desired cross-sectional shape.
- the polymer optical fiber according to the invention is provided with a section which has a circular cross section and a section which has a non-circular cross section, a continuous transition from one cross-sectional shape to the other being provided between these two sections.
- the idea on which the invention is based consists in reshaping the polymer optical fiber at the desired location, for example in the region of its end face, in such a way that the desired cross-sectional shape is obtained.
- the cross-sectional shape can be polygonal, angular, square, elliptical, semi-ring-shaped or in some other way.
- the cross-sectional shape is only determined by the prevailing requirements. If light is to be coupled into a waveguide with a square cross section using the optical fiber, a square cross section of the optical fiber is selected in the deformed section. Thus, the two cross sections can be congruent with each other, so that there is no coupling loss.
- a wide variety of optical components can be formed with an optical fiber configured in this way. According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a splitter is formed with an input fiber and two output fibers, each of which has a rectangular cross section. In this way, the resulting losses are reduced since the two output fibers can be arranged directly next to one another, without there being an area between them which remains unused for the coupling.
- a splitter can also be formed with an input fiber and an output fiber, the input fiber having a circular cross section and the two output fibers each having a semi-ring-shaped cross section, the inside diameter of the two semi-ring-shaped cross sections being equal to the outside diameter of the circular cross section.
- the two semi-ring-shaped optical fibers completely surround the input fiber in a contact area, so that the loss-free coupling from the input fiber to the output fibers is obtained in this area.
- the component can be an array of several optical fibers, each of which is rectangular
- the optical component can also be a lighting element.
- the end face through which the light is emitted can be designed according to optical criteria. For example, by bundling several optical fibers, a numerical display element can be obtained in which the free end faces of the optical fibers have an elliptical cross section.
- a polymer optical fiber with a circular cross section can be partially reshaped by a method which has the following steps: First, the optical fiber is joined the section that is to be reshaped, placed between two parts of a tool, which in the closed state define a recess whose cross section corresponds to the cross section of the deformed optical fiber. The tool is then heated and the two parts of the tool are pressed together. The optical fiber adapts to the recess between the two tool parts. The tool is then cooled. After the tool and the optical fiber contained therein have cooled, the tool is opened and the optical fiber can be removed. With this method, the optical fiber can be formed in the desired manner with comparatively little effort and high precision.
- a holding device for the optical fiber is preferably provided outside the tool. This serves to shorten the
- FIG. 1 shows schematically in a cross section an optical fiber and a waveguide, which can be coupled to each other by means of a connector part according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the cross sections shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of optical fibers which form a splitter
- FIG. 4 is a comparison of the cross sections of the optical fibers of the component of Figure 3;
- FIG. 5 schematically shows an optical fiber and a tool for Manufacture of an optical fiber
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the optical fiber and the tool after the reshaping of the optical fiber
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a further step in the production of a component provided with the deformed optical fiber
- FIG. 9 shows a numerical display element which is formed with optical fibers according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a splitter which is formed with optical fibers according to the invention.
- a polymer optical fiber 10 usually has a circular cross section. This results from the extrusion process used for the production.
- waveguides 52 are usually used which, for reasons of moldability, have a preferably polygonal cross section; a round cross-section can hardly be achieved for the waveguide due to the undercuts in the impression technique.
- FIG. 2 the two different cross sections of an optical fiber and a waveguide are compared with one another with the same cross-sectional area, the regions of the cross sections which do not overlap one another and which are the cause of radiation losses being marked in gray. Similar problems arise with a splitter shown in FIG. 3.
- the splitter consists of an input fiber 10, which is coupled to two output fibers 10 ', 10 ".
- a section 12 of the optical fiber is shaped so that the desired cross section is achieved.
- the shaping can be carried out by means of a tool, which is shown schematically in FIG. 5.
- the tool consists of a bottom part 96 and a cover part 98.
- a recess 94 is formed in the form of a guide groove, the cross section of which corresponds to the cross section of the optical fiber in the deformed state.
- the optical fiber 10 is with its to be reshaped
- Section 12 inserted into the guide groove 94.
- the cover part 98 is then shut down until it lies on the optical fiber in the section 12 to be formed.
- the optical fiber is now slightly fixed in the guide groove.
- the tool and thus the optical fiber is then heated. This is preferably done by heating both the bottom part 96 and the cover part 98.
- heating polymer optical fibers however, it can be observed that these increase their cross section, while at the same time reducing the length. The reason for this behavior is the extrusion process used in production, which leads to freezing of the axially directed stresses in the plastic when the plastic cools. When heated, these tensions are released, which leads to thickening of the fiber. The fiber thickening must be avoided, however, since it leads to an increase in the number of modes, which leads to radiation losses when the light passes from the thicker to the thinner part.
- the fiber In order to avoid the thickening of the fiber by dissolving the frozen tension states, the fiber must be fixed outside the area in which it is subjected to the deformation so that it cannot contract in the axial direction during the deformation process.
- a holding device (not shown in the figures) is provided outside the tool, which holds the optical fiber in a suitable manner
- the base part 96 and the cover part 98 By heating the base part 96 and the cover part 98, the section 12 of the optical fiber 10 to be formed is heated up to the glass temperature range. Now the cover part 98 can be moved against the optical fiber with higher pressure, as a result of which it deforms.
- the contact pressure between the cover part and the base part prevents the length contraction of the optical fiber.
- the bottom part 96, the cover part 98 and the optical fiber are cooled together.
- the optical fiber solidifies in the shape specified by the tool.
- a recess can also be used to receive the section 12 of the optical fiber to be deformed, which recess is formed partly in the bottom part 96 and partly in the cover part 98.
- the recess in the bottom or in the cover part need not be constant; the cross-sectional shape can change.
- the deformed optical fiber can be cast with a plug part 100, with which it can be attached to a substrate in which a waveguide with a trapezoidal cross section is also formed.
- FIG. 9 shows a numerical display element which consists of a total of eight optical fibers. Seven of the optical waveguides are formed with a deformed, highly flattened section 12 with an elliptical cross section in the region of their end face.
- FIG. 10 shows an array of a total of nine optical waveguides, each of which has a square cross section. To this A high packing density can be achieved in this way.
- the optical fibers can be coupled to an array of surface-imitating light-emitting diodes 110, which are also arranged in an array of 3 ⁇ 3 elements.
- FIG. 1 A micro-optical splitter is shown in FIG. This consists of an input fiber 10 with a circular cross-section and two output fibers 10 ', 10 ", each of which has a semi-annular cross-section.
- the inside diameter of the semi-ring-shaped cross sections corresponds to the outside diameter of the circular
- the optical fiber has a transition section starting from a section with a round cross section and then a section with a non-circular cross section. Due to the continuous transition between the deformed section with a non-circular cross-section and the undeformed section with a circular cross-section, there are no losses in the transition from one cross-sectional shape to another.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998143164 DE19843164C2 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1998-09-21 | Steckerteil für eine optische Steckverbindung |
DE19843164 | 1998-09-21 | ||
PCT/EP1999/006970 WO2000017678A2 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Lichtleitfaser mit kreisförmigem und nichtkreisförmigem querschnitt |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1123521A2 true EP1123521A2 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
Family
ID=7881653
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99948805A Withdrawn EP1116061A1 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Steckerteil für eine optische steckverbindung und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
EP99947392A Withdrawn EP1123521A2 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Lichtleitfaser mit kreisförmigem und nichtkreisförmigem querschnitt |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99948805A Withdrawn EP1116061A1 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Steckerteil für eine optische steckverbindung und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6473555B1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1116061A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2002525675A (de) |
CA (2) | CA2344809A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19861139C2 (de) |
WO (2) | WO2000017678A2 (de) |
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DE10103098A1 (de) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-08 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines viereckigen, leuchtenden Feldes und Verwendung einer solchen Einrichtung bei einer Optikvorrichtung mit einer zu beleuchtenden Fläche vorbestimmter Form |
GB2373063A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-11 | Bookham Technology Plc | Optical coupling for mounting an optical fibre on a substrate |
FR2845776B1 (fr) * | 2002-10-10 | 2005-01-07 | Saint Louis Inst | Dispositif de collimation d'une matrice de diodes laser haute brillance |
DE10354008A1 (de) | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Diemount Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Planflächen am Umfang optischer Polymerfasern runden Querschnitts |
US8351745B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-01-08 | Avago Technologies Fiber Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | 2-to-1 plastic optical fiber (POF) optical coupler, a bi-directional optical communications link that employs the 2-to-1 POF optical coupler, and a method for performing 2-to-1 optical coupling |
US8260102B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2012-09-04 | Avago Technologies Fiber Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd | 2-to-1 optical coupler that utilizes D-shaped plastic optical fibers (POFs), a bi-directional optical communications link that employs the 2-to-1 POF optical coupler, and a method |
US9841556B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2017-12-12 | Corning Incorporated | Non-circular multicore fiber and method of manufacture |
US9835812B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2017-12-05 | Corning Incorporated | Multi-optical fiber aggregate |
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DE19644758A1 (de) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-04-30 | Sel Alcatel Ag | Zentrieranordnung zum Positionieren von mikrostrukturierten Körpern |
US5838865A (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-11-17 | Clarity Visual Systems, Inc. | Fiber optic light homogenizer for use in projection displays |
DE19735683A1 (de) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Harting Elektrooptische Bauteile Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines integriert-optischen Wellenleiterbauteils und einer Steckverbindung |
-
1998
- 1998-09-21 DE DE19861139A patent/DE19861139C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-21 US US09/463,258 patent/US6473555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-21 EP EP99948805A patent/EP1116061A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-21 WO PCT/EP1999/006970 patent/WO2000017678A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-21 JP JP2000571294A patent/JP2002525675A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-21 CA CA002344809A patent/CA2344809A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-21 CA CA002344067A patent/CA2344067A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-21 EP EP99947392A patent/EP1123521A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-21 JP JP2000571285A patent/JP3436743B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-21 WO PCT/EP1999/006969 patent/WO2000017689A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0017678A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19861139C2 (de) | 2001-03-08 |
CA2344067A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
WO2000017689A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
EP1116061A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
WO2000017678A3 (de) | 2000-11-16 |
US6473555B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 |
JP2002525675A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
JP2002525669A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
JP3436743B2 (ja) | 2003-08-18 |
WO2000017678A2 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
CA2344809A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
DE19861139A1 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
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