EP1119767A1 - Method and device for the rapid liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and for the identification of substances - Google Patents
Method and device for the rapid liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and for the identification of substancesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1119767A1 EP1119767A1 EP99952538A EP99952538A EP1119767A1 EP 1119767 A1 EP1119767 A1 EP 1119767A1 EP 99952538 A EP99952538 A EP 99952538A EP 99952538 A EP99952538 A EP 99952538A EP 1119767 A1 EP1119767 A1 EP 1119767A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- separation
- column
- substances
- collecting
- way
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007445 Chromatographic isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/461—Flow patterns using more than one column with serial coupling of separation columns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1864—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns
- B01D15/1871—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns placed in series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1864—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns
- B01D15/1885—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns placed in parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/16—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the conditioning of the fluid carrier
- B01D15/163—Pressure or speed conditioning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
- G01N2030/027—Liquid chromatography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8804—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 automated systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/466—Flow patterns using more than one column with separation columns in parallel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/468—Flow patterns using more than one column involving switching between different column configurations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the rapid liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and identification of substances according to the preambles of claims 1 and 5.
- the problem in pharmaceutical research is to isolate pharmaceutically active substances from substance mixtures. Natural product extracts or mixtures of substances generated by combinatorial chemistry are tested for their potential effectiveness. From substance mixtures that have shown effectiveness, an attempt is then made to isolate the active substances using complex separation processes. The individual substances of the mixture isolated in this way are then subjected to a new activity test. The structure of the effective individual substances now found is examined in order to rule out possibly already known active substances.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the effectiveness of individual substances can be suppressed in the test of the substance mixtures by means of superimposition effects and these remain undetected.
- overlay effects can pretend to be effective and then it is searched in vain for these supposed active substances in the substance mixture in vain.
- the invention is based on the object of offering a device and a method for liquid-chromatographic separation, isolation and identification of substances in the analytical and semi-preparative field, with which a test for the effect of substance mixtures is unnecessary and it is possible to separate substance mixtures faster than previously, isolate and identify the individual substances.
- the invention has several advantages.
- the substances no longer have to be tested twice, namely beforehand in the mixture of substances and after isolation.
- the time-consuming and costly first test of the substance mixtures which is sometimes flawed, can be omitted.
- the previously costly processing of known substances is no longer necessary.
- the time and cost involved in determining a new active substance can be significantly reduced.
- this procedure is safer because the test results on unknown individual substances are clear and all active substances present in the mixture are also recorded.
- the substance mixtures to be investigated are processed in a two-stage separation.
- the second chromatographic separation stage several fractions from the first separation step can be separated in parallel by the inventive connection of separation columns and solid-phase extraction columns (collecting columns) with the pump unit.
- this device works much faster and therefore cheaper than known two-stage devices.
- the individual substances are identified by known direct computer-controlled comparison of the chromatograms and spectra obtained from detectors and the retention area from the first separation step and the Retention time from the second separation step with information about known substances in a database.
- Ultraviolet absorption, mass spectrometry, light scattering, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are possible as detection and identification principles.
- the inclusion of further identification parameters such as B. Source and origin of the sample is possible. Since fewer tests are necessary to identify the substances in the mixture and to exclude substances that are already known, this system can be dimensioned on an analytical and semi-preparative scale. Analytical and semi-preparative systems are much cheaper to purchase and operate than the previously used preparative systems. Due to the lower consumption of solvents and buffer substances, the method and the device according to the invention are environmentally friendly due to the lower amounts of waste.
- 2 shows a schematic illustration of the separation of a substance mixture in the first separation step and adsorption of fractions on the first collecting column battery
- 3 shows a schematic illustration of the separation of a substance mixture in the first separation step and adsorption of fractions on the second collecting column battery
- Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a parallel separation of absorbed fractions in the second separation step
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the equilibration of a collecting column battery.
- 1 to 7 show an example of the structure and flow diagram of a device according to the invention with a separation column and three subordinate separation lines.
- a pump unit 2 which consists of three pumps 2.1 to 2.3, is via the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1 and 3.3 and the 3-way 2-position valve 5.7 with a charging column battery 6, a separation column 10, for the first separation stage and a second separation stage, which consists of three separation lines that can be operated in parallel, each of which is preceded by a 6-way, 2-position valve 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7, connected.
- This makes it possible to transport the mobile phase in any desired composition one after the other and in parallel into all areas of the device.
- Each dividing line has a collecting column battery 7, 8 and 9 and a separating column battery 11, 12 and 13.
- the collecting column battery 7 contains the collecting columns 7.1 to 7.6 and the separating column battery 11 contains the separating columns 11.1 and 11.2.
- the two other dividing lines shown are constructed identically.
- Other variants with more feed columns 6.1 to 6.6 of the feed column battery 6, a plurality of separation columns 10, more than three collecting column batteries 7, 8 and 9, each with more than six collecting columns and more than three separation column batteries 11, 12 and 13 with more than six separation columns per battery are possible .
- the separation column 10 is equilibrated.
- the air from the Feeder battery 6 removed.
- the air is removed from one of the dry-filled feed columns 6.1 to 6.6 with water, the next to be injected.
- the separation column 10 is equilibrated with a suitable solvent by means of the pump 2.1, the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1 and 3.3.
- the separation program is started. First the 6-way 2-position valves 3.3 and 3.5 are switched. The components of the mobile phase can be entered into the system by means of the pump unit 2 via a low pressure valve unit 1 with the low pressure valves 1.1 to 1.3. The mobile phase is transported via the low-pressure valve 1.1 of the pump 2.1 and the pump 2.1, whereby this system can be operated both isocratically and with a gradient. Via the 6-way 2-position valve 3.3 and the 7-way 6-position valves 4.1 / 4.2, the mobile phase of pump 2.1 is guided to the feed column 6.1 to 6.6 from which sample material is to be processed.
- the sample to be separated is transferred from one of the feed columns 6.1 to 6.6 to the separation column 10.
- Those emerging from the separation column 10 Separate test components pass through a 6-way 2-position valve 3.4 and the detector 14.1 to a T-piece 17, where water is mixed into the mobile phase via the pump 2.2 and the 6-way 2-position valve 3.1.
- the amount of water mixed depends on the polarity of the substances to be separated.
- the polarity of the mobile phase which is increased by water, now enables adsorption on the collecting columns 7.1 to 7.6 of the collecting column battery 7.
- Via the 6-way, 2-position valve 3.5 adsorption onto the collecting column battery 7 is first carried out.
- the collecting columns 7.1 to 7.6 are covered with fractions one after the other.
- the separation column batteries 11, 12 and 13 are equilibrated.
- 5 shows the equilibration of the separating column batteries 11, 12 and 13.
- the mobile phase is led via the pump 2.1, the 6-way 2-position valve 3.1 and 3.5 to the separation columns 11.1 and 11.2 of the separation column battery 11. From there, the mobile phase is led into the waste via the 6-way 2-position valve 3.4, the detector 14.1 and a fraction collector 15.1.
- the separation columns 12.1 and 12.2 of the separation column battery are equilibrated via the pump 2.2, the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1 and 3.6 as well as a detector 14.2 and fraction collector 15.2.
- the separation columns 13.1 and 13.2 are equilibrated in parallel via the pump 2.3, the 6-way 2-position valve 3.7 and the 3-way 2-position valve 5.7 as well as a detector 14.3 and a fraction collector 15.3.
- the mobile phase is guided to the collecting column battery 7 via the pump 2.1 of the pump unit 2 and the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1 and 3.5.
- the first eluted fraction from the collecting column battery 7 (e.g. from collecting column 7.1) is conducted via the 6-way 2-position valve 3.5 to the separating column battery 11.
- the separated components are then led to the detector 14.1 via the 6-way 2-position valves 3.5 and 3.4.
- the software in the electronic control unit evaluates the signals with the aid of peak detection and directs the separated components into the corresponding vials of the fraction collector 15.1. At the same time, time control of the fraction collector 15.1 is also possible. This timing can be activated automatically if no peak passes the detector.
- the mobile phase is conveyed to the collecting column battery 8 via the pump 2.2 and the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1 and 3.6.
- the first eluted fraction from the collecting column battery 8 (e.g. from the collecting column 8.1) is conducted to the separating column battery 12 via the 6-way, 2-position valve 3.6.
- one of the separating columns 12.1 or 12.2 can be switched on under software control.
- the separated components are led to the detector 14.2.
- the software evaluates the signals with the help of peak detection and then directs the separated components into the corresponding vials of the fraction collector 15.2.
- This fraction collector 15.2 can also be time-controlled. This timing can be activated automatically if no peak passes the detector.
- the third dividing line is activated with regard to the initiation of the separating step.
- the mobile phase via pump 2.3 as well as the 3-way 2-position valve 5.7 and the 6-way 2-position valve 3.7 are used Collecting column battery 9 promoted.
- the first eluted fraction from the collecting column battery 9 (e.g. from the collecting column 9.1) is led to the separating column battery 13 via the valve 3.7.
- one of the separation columns 13.1 or 13.2 can be switched on using software control.
- the separated components are led to the detector 14.3.
- the subsequent fraction collector 15.3 is controlled as already described.
- the separation column batteries 11, 12 and 13 are again equilibrated to prepare and separate the next fractions (cf.
- FIG. 7 shows the equilibration of the collecting columns 7.1 to 7.6 of the collecting column battery 7.
- the collecting columns 7.1 to 7.6 are rinsed with water and thus prepared for the next run. This is done sequentially via the pump 2.2, the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and the 7-way 6-position valves 4.3 / 4.4 of the collecting column battery 7.
- the equilibration of the collecting column batteries 8 and 9 is done analogously.
- the 6-way 2-position valves 3.5 and 3.6 are switched and the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and the 7-way 6-position valves 4.5 / 4.6 of the pump 2.2 Catchment Column battery 8, the collecting columns 8.1 to 8.6 are equilibrated.
- the 6-way 2-position valves 3.6 and 3.7 are switched and via pump 2.2 the 6-way 2-position valves 3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and the 7-way 6-position valves 4.7 / 4.8 the collecting column battery 9, the collecting columns 9.1 to 9.6 are equilibrated.
- the 7-way 6-position valves 4.1 / 4.2 of the charging battery 6 are switched to the next charging column (e.g. 6.2) and the entire program sequence starts again.
- chromatograms, retention data and spectra are collected via detectors 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3, processed directly in a computer and compared with the data of known substances. In this way, substances already known online can be identified and sorted out. In case of doubt, additional data that is obtained offline after separation and isolation can be used for identification.
- Reference list
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19847439 | 1998-10-08 | ||
DE1998147439 DE19847439C2 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 1998-10-08 | Method and device for liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and identification of substances |
PCT/EP1999/007542 WO2000022429A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Method and device for the rapid liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and for the identification of substances |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1119767A1 true EP1119767A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
Family
ID=7884498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99952538A Withdrawn EP1119767A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Method and device for the rapid liquid chromatographic separation of substance mixtures and for the identification of substances |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1119767A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002527748A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6469599A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2346358A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19847439C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000022429A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001068216A2 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-20 | Eli Lilly And Company | Parallel preparative automated isolation system |
JP4615101B2 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2011-01-19 | 昭光サイエンティフィック株式会社 | Purification preparative equipment |
DE20020555U1 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2001-05-17 | LC Tech GmbH, 84405 Dorfen | Device for generating a predetermined volume of pre-cleaned components of solution mixtures |
JP2002350412A (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-12-04 | Nobuo Tanaka | Multidimensional high performance liquid chromatograph |
WO2005024412A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-17 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Liquid chromatographic apparatus |
US9608929B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2017-03-28 | Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. | System and method for dynamic queue management using queue protocols |
CN105203689B (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | 通用电气健康护理生物科学股份公司 | Automation fluid handling system |
CN102441294A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Separation and preparation chromatograph containing series static axial compression (SAC) preparative chromatographic columns |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5198115A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-03-30 | Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. | Integrated instrument for supercritical fluid sample extraction, sample separation and concentration |
US5670054A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-09-23 | Warner Lambert Company | Method and system for identification, purification, and quantitation of reaction components |
WO1998013118A1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-02 | Analyticon Ag Biotechnologie Pharmazie | Hplc-based device and method for separating high complex substance mixtures |
DE19641210A1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-02 | Analyticon Ag Biotechnologie P | Separation of complex mixtures, e.g. of natural products |
-
1998
- 1998-10-08 DE DE1998147439 patent/DE19847439C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-08 JP JP2000576276A patent/JP2002527748A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-08 AU AU64695/99A patent/AU6469599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-08 WO PCT/EP1999/007542 patent/WO2000022429A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-08 EP EP99952538A patent/EP1119767A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-08 CA CA002346358A patent/CA2346358A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DE ROSA C. ET AL: "Crystal structure of the emptied clathrate form ( e Form) of syndiotactic polystyrene", MACROMOLECULES, vol. 30, 1997, pages 4147 - 4152, XP001172886 |
MANFREDI C. ET AL: "Vapor sorption in emptied clathrate samples of syndiotactic polystyrene", JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE, vol. 35, 1997, pages 133 - 140, XP001172887 |
See also references of WO0022429A1 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2346358A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
JP2002527748A (en) | 2002-08-27 |
DE19847439C2 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
AU6469599A (en) | 2000-05-01 |
DE19847439A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
WO2000022429A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
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Inventor name: GOD, RALF; Inventor name: NOTZKE, HOLGER Inventor name: GUMM, HOLGER Inventor name: MUELLER-KUHRT, LUTZ |
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