EP1117107B1 - Surge Voltage Arrester - Google Patents
Surge Voltage Arrester Download PDFInfo
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- EP1117107B1 EP1117107B1 EP00811193A EP00811193A EP1117107B1 EP 1117107 B1 EP1117107 B1 EP 1117107B1 EP 00811193 A EP00811193 A EP 00811193A EP 00811193 A EP00811193 A EP 00811193A EP 1117107 B1 EP1117107 B1 EP 1117107B1
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- Prior art keywords
- surge arrester
- arrester according
- contact
- housing
- elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
Definitions
- the invention is based on a surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the invention relates to a surge arrester, as described in US-A-5,113,306.
- This surge arrester has a housing, are guided through the wall of two power connections for a housed in the housing arrester unit.
- the arrester unit contains an insulating sleeve, at the upper end of which is attached an electrode electrically conductively connected to a first of the two electrical connections.
- the lower end of the sleeve is held on a Isolierstoffjoch, on which the lower end of a compression spring is supported.
- the upper end of this spring is supported on an electrode electrically connected to the second power connector.
- a plurality of cylindrical varistor blocks are arranged between the two electrodes arranged in the form of a column.
- US-A-4,899,248 describes a surge arrester having a plurality of non-linear current-voltage behavior modules held in the form of a column in a housing.
- Each module has a plurality of varistor blocks, which are electrically conductively connected via current transfer elements arranged therebetween and at the end and two spring washers fitted on the end with two current terminals of the module.
- the contact pressure is formed by a wound around part of the power connections and the varistors, the power transmission elements and the washers of fiberglass reinforced plastic.
- cylindrical varistor blocks arranged in the manner of a column are held together at the ends by means of two rigid pressure plates and end electrodes and are compressed longitudinally by means of glass fiber rods.
- a pivot means arranged at the foot of the column it is achieved that large bending forces transmit only a small bending moment to the varistors.
- a surge arrester for low-voltage systems described in DE 19545505 C1 is a varistor with a thermal shutdown of a fuse strip and a thermal release with eutectic fusible alloy in thermally conductive connection, which causes the separation of the thermal release in an inadmissible heating of the varistor and triggers a damage indicator by spring force.
- the shock-current resistant fuse strip is arranged with predetermined breaking points within a fuse box and melts in a triggering case, where he suspends the attachment of the damage indicator within the fuse box.
- the thermal trip located outside the fuse box consists of a detector wire that holds the damage indicator in the "no display" position and is split when the fuse strip melts or melts due to the short circuit current. This surge arrester is relatively expensive to produce.
- the invention solves the problem of specifying a surge arrester of the type mentioned, which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and yet characterized by excellent operating characteristics.
- the varistor contains an unmetallized active part and two elastic contact elements which are pressed onto the end faces of the active part and form electrical contact, which are preferably made of graphite.
- the active part is not passivated at the edge.
- a great long-term stability of the surge arrester is achieved when the active part of the varistor is passivated on the edge, as can be realized by an applied on the Varistorrand electrical insulation made of glass or epoxy paint or by a pulled over the Varistorrand rubber or silicone ring. If the passivation has a ring and if this ring is higher than the active part and / or the ring has a pronounced profile, it can at the same time be used to position the elastically designed contact elements.
- the surge arrester according to the invention comprises a circuit breaker realized by a fusion connection and a damage display device which is biased when the circuit breaker is open and the circuit breaker is open, it is recommended that the fusion connection be pressed into one of the two elastic contact elements of the varistor To mold disk-shaped element of the circuit breaker, since then a good heat transfer from the varistor to the fuse link and thus a safe triggering of the circuit breaker are ensured.
- an extremely cost-effective production of a surge arrester according to the invention can be achieved if the arrester housing is formed predominantly axially symmetrical and has two frictionally interconnected to form the contact pressure and the bias housing parts, of which in a first opening for carrying out the first power connection and a Signal surface containing part of the damage display device and in a second an opening for the implementation of the second power connector are formed.
- this arrester In the manufacture of this arrester are only prefabricated parts, such as a connection fitting or this connection fitting, a damage indicator and a biased circuit breaker containing component, one of the elastic contact element, the active part, another of the elastic contact elements, optionally connected to this contact element power transmission element and a Contact force generating compression spring inserted into a predominantly tubular housing part formed and fixed the inserted parts to form contact force by snapping a second terminal fitting containing cap-shaped housing part.
- a connection fitting or this connection fitting a damage indicator and a biased circuit breaker containing component
- one of the elastic contact element, the active part another of the elastic contact elements, optionally connected to this contact element power transmission element and a Contact force generating compression spring inserted into a predominantly tubular housing part formed and fixed the inserted parts to form contact force by snapping a second terminal fitting containing cap-shaped housing part.
- the surge arrester designed in this way can therefore be manufactured very quickly and with very simple means, in particular locally.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a surge arrester with a two-piece predominantly axially symmetrical designed discharge housing made of plastic, such as preferably a stabilized against photooxidation, mechanically reinforced polyamide.
- a favorable reinforcement can be achieved by incorporating filler, preferably in the form of glass beads.
- a predominantly tubular executed housing part 2 an inner recess 18 is formed for engagement of a Schnapparretiervorraum 1a designed as an insulating housing part 1, which on the one hand firmly connected to a metallic power connector 16 and the other via a designed as O - ring sealing ring 9 to the housing part 2 watertight is.
- a predominantly disc-shaped power transmission element 7 is connected via a metallic, electrical current conductive compression spring 4 to the power connector contact 16 in electrically conductive pressure connection.
- the compression spring 4 exerts on the power transmission element 7 a predetermined force of z. B. 200 N; she is short-circuiting her induction externally bridged by flexible short-circuit elements 4a made of tinned copper.
- a designed as an inner annular shoulder abutment 19 in the housing part 2 allows a marginal contact with a predominantly disc-shaped power transmission element 8 of a circuit breaker, which via a central, punctiform or circular cylindrical fusible link 15, preferably a silver solder, with a predetermined melting temperature in a temperature range of typically 140 ° C - 300 ° C, for example, of 180 ° C, with a designed as a threaded pin 8a, current-conducting part of the circuit breaker is firmly connected.
- the pin 8a is screwed into a threaded hole 17a of a power connector 17 and thus electrically connected thereto.
- a fixed, one-piece, electrically conductive contact may be provided (not shown).
- This damage display device is in the operating state of the surge arrester on the one hand at the edge with a flange on the power transmission element 8 of the circuit breaker on; On the other hand, it rests watertight on an end part of the housing part 2 and on the power connection contact 17 via a sealing ring 10 embodied as a 0-ring.
- This compression spring is supported on the one hand on the damage display device 3 and on the other hand on part 8 of the circuit breaker.
- the current transmission element 7 is connected via a grooved surface and via a preferably designed as a graphite disc elastic contact element 13 with an end face 12a of a disk-shaped active part 12 of a varistor in electrically gut mandatder pressure connection.
- the current transmission element 8 is connected via a grooved surface and via a likewise designed as a graphite disc elastic contact element 13 with an end face 12b of the active part 12 in electrically gut mandatder pressure connection.
- the grooved contact abutment surfaces of the current transfer elements 7, 8 cause a uniform force transmission to the elastic contact elements 11, 13 and a good heat transfer from the active part 12 to the power transmission element 8 of the circuit breaker.
- the transfer element 7 is firmly connected in the center of its ribbed surface by means of a drop 14 of a superglue with the elastic contact element 11.
- the active part 12 preferably of a metal oxide, in particular based on zinc oxide, is not metallised on its end faces 12a, 12b. On the edge, it is coated or covered with a dielectric passivating agent, such as an electrical insulation made of glass or epoxy lacquer or a ring 6, preferably of a dielectric elastomer, in particular silicone.
- a dielectric passivating agent such as an electrical insulation made of glass or epoxy lacquer or a ring 6, preferably of a dielectric elastomer, in particular silicone.
- the ring 6 is slightly higher than the active part 12 of the varistor, so that it simultaneously forms a centering means for the elastic contact elements 11, 13 and the active part 12.
- the surge arrester In normal operation, the surge arrester is high-impedance. At dangerous overvoltages, caused z. B. by atmospheric discharges or by switching operations, the electrical resistance of the varistor decreases with increasing voltage and limits these. If the temperature of the varistor rises due to overload and the melting temperature of the fusible link 15 is reached, the fusion opens. The compression spring 5 now pushes the damage display device 3 together with the power connector 17 in the direction of an arrow 21 to the right until the edge flange of the damage indicator 3, which previously applied to the part 8 of the circuit breaker rests against a contact surface or on an abutment 20 of the housing part 2.
- the surge arrester can be installed in any position in an electrical system to be protected, wherein at least one of the two power connection contacts 16, 17 must be flexibly connected.
- Fig. 2 shows the current transfer element 8 of the circuit breaker with a ring around its center arranged fuse 15a instead of a punctiform formed 15 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the equipped with this fuse circuit breaker has the advantage of a more precise adjustment of power separation, since the melting region 15a not directly with connected to the acting as a heat dissipating screw 8a.
- the surge arrester can also be equipped with a plurality of varistors 12 (not shown). Their end faces 12a, 12b may instead of plane-parallel, for example, convex or concave (not shown).
- the elastic contact element 11, 13 and the non-metalized end faces 12a, 12b each allow their good electrical contact.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bei der Erfindung wird ausgegangen von einem Überspannungsableiter nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The invention is based on a surge arrester according to the preamble of
Mit diesem Oberbegriff nimmt die Erfindung auf einen Überspannungsableiter Bezug, wie er US-A-5,113,306 beschrieben ist. Dieser Überspannungsableiter weist ein Gehäuse auf, durch dessen Wand zwei Stromanschlüsse für eine im Gehäuse untergebrachte Ableitereinheit geführt sind. Die Ableitereinheit enthält eine Isolierstoffhülse, an deren oberen Ende eine mit einem ersten beider Stromanschlüsse elektrisch leitend verbundene Elektrode befestigt ist. Das untere Ende der Hülse ist an einem Isolierstoffjoch gehalten, auf dem das untere Ende einer Druckfeder abgestützt ist. Das obere Ende dieser Feder ist auf einer elektrisch leitend mit dem zweiten Stromanschluss verbundenen Elektrode abgestützt. Zwischen den beiden Elektroden sind mehrere in Form einer Säule angeordnete, zylindrische Varistorblöcke angeordnet. Durch die Feder wird über die Hülse und das Joch eine in Achsrichtung der Säule wirkende Kraft erzeugt, welche die Varistoren untereinander und mit den beiden Elektroden in guten elektrischen Kontakt bringt. Zwischen den Varistoren können elektrisch leitfähige Platten positioniert werden, die für das Abführen von Wärme aus dem Ableiter und für eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit zwischen den einzelnen Varistoren sorgen.With this generic term, the invention relates to a surge arrester, as described in US-A-5,113,306. This surge arrester has a housing, are guided through the wall of two power connections for a housed in the housing arrester unit. The arrester unit contains an insulating sleeve, at the upper end of which is attached an electrode electrically conductively connected to a first of the two electrical connections. The lower end of the sleeve is held on a Isolierstoffjoch, on which the lower end of a compression spring is supported. The upper end of this spring is supported on an electrode electrically connected to the second power connector. Between the two electrodes arranged in the form of a column, a plurality of cylindrical varistor blocks are arranged. By the spring, a force acting in the axial direction of the column is generated via the sleeve and the yoke, which brings the varistors with each other and with the two electrodes in good electrical contact. Between the varistors electrically conductive plates can be positioned, which provide for the dissipation of heat from the arrester and good electrical conductivity between the individual varistors.
US-A-4,899,248 beschreibt einen Überspannungsableiter mit einer Vielzahl von nichtlineares Strom-Spannungs-Verhalten aufweisenden Modulen, welche in Form einer Säule in einem Gehäuse gehalten sind. Jedes Modul weist mehrere Varistorblöcke auf, die über dazwischen und endseitig angeordnete Stromübertragungselemente und zwei endseitig aufgesetzte federnde Unterlegscheiben mit zwei Stromanschlüssen des Moduls elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Der Kontaktdruck wird durch einen um einen Teil der Stromanschlüsse sowie die Varistoren, die Stromübertragungselemente und die Unterlegscheiben geführten Wickelkörper aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff gebildet.US-A-4,899,248 describes a surge arrester having a plurality of non-linear current-voltage behavior modules held in the form of a column in a housing. Each module has a plurality of varistor blocks, which are electrically conductively connected via current transfer elements arranged therebetween and at the end and two spring washers fitted on the end with two current terminals of the module. The contact pressure is formed by a wound around part of the power connections and the varistors, the power transmission elements and the washers of fiberglass reinforced plastic.
Beim einem in US-A-5,912,611 dargestellten weiteren Überspannungsableiter sind nach Art einer Säule angeordnete zylindrische Varistorblöcke endseitig mittels zweier starrer Druckplatten und Endelektroden zusammengehalten und mittels Glasfaserstangen in Längsrichtung zusammengepresst. Durch ein am Fuss der Säule angeordnetes Schwenkmittel wird erreicht, dass grosse Biegekräfte lediglich ein kleines Biegemoment auf die Varistoren übertragen.In a further surge arrester shown in US Pat. No. 5,912,611, cylindrical varistor blocks arranged in the manner of a column are held together at the ends by means of two rigid pressure plates and end electrodes and are compressed longitudinally by means of glass fiber rods. By means of a pivot means arranged at the foot of the column, it is achieved that large bending forces transmit only a small bending moment to the varistors.
Bei einem in DE 19545505 C1 beschriebenen Überspannungsableiter für Niederspannungsanlagen steht ein Varistor mit einer thermischen Abschalteinrichtung aus einem Sicherungsstreifen und einer Thermoauslösung mit eutektischer Schmelzlegierung in wärmeleitender Verbindung, welche bei einer unzulässigen Erwärmung des Varistors die Auftrennung der Thermoauslösung bewirkt und durch Federkraft eine Schadensanzeige auslöst. Dabei ist der stossstromfeste Sicherungsstreifen mit Sollbruchstellen innerhalb eines Sicherungsgehäuses angeordnet und schmilzt in einem Auslösefall, wobei er die Befestigung des Schadensanzeigers innerhalb des Sicherungsgehäuses aufhebt. Die ausserhalb des Sicherungsgehäuses angeordnete Thermoauslösung besteht aus einem Kennmelderdraht, der den Schadensanzeiger in der Position "keine Anzeige" halt und beim Schmelzen des Sicherungsstreifens aufgetrennt wird oder durch den Kurzschlussstrom schmilzt. Dieser Überspannungsableiter ist relativ aufwendig herzustellen.In a surge arrester for low-voltage systems described in DE 19545505 C1 is a varistor with a thermal shutdown of a fuse strip and a thermal release with eutectic fusible alloy in thermally conductive connection, which causes the separation of the thermal release in an inadmissible heating of the varistor and triggers a damage indicator by spring force. In this case, the shock-current resistant fuse strip is arranged with predetermined breaking points within a fuse box and melts in a triggering case, where he suspends the attachment of the damage indicator within the fuse box. The thermal trip located outside the fuse box consists of a detector wire that holds the damage indicator in the "no display" position and is split when the fuse strip melts or melts due to the short circuit current. This surge arrester is relatively expensive to produce.
Die Erfindung, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 definiert ist, löst die Aufgabe, einen Überspannungsableiter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welcher einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann und sich dennoch durch hervorragende Betriebseigenschaften auszeichnet.The invention, as defined in
Beim Überspannungsableiter nach der Erfindung enthält der Varistor ein nicht metallisiertes Aktivteil sowie zwei unter Bildung von elektrischem Kontakt auf die Stirnseiten des Aktivteils gedrückte, elastische Kontaktelemente, welche vorzugsweise aus Graphit gebildet sind. Durch diese Massnahmen wird ein guter Stromübergang bei weitgehend gleichmässiger Stromdichte vom Aktivteil in kontaktdruckerzeugende starre Kontaktelemente erreicht, welche mit den Stromanschlüssen des Überspannungsableiter elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Selbst wenn die Stirnflächen des Aktivteils nicht vollständig plan zueinander liegen, sondern gegebenenfalls ein wenig konkav oder konvex gekrümmt oder unter einem kleinen Winkel zueinander geneigt sind, wird so stets ein hervorragendes Betriebsverhalten erreicht.In the case of the surge arrester according to the invention, the varistor contains an unmetallized active part and two elastic contact elements which are pressed onto the end faces of the active part and form electrical contact, which are preferably made of graphite. By these measures, a good current transition is achieved at substantially uniform current density of the active part in contact pressure generating rigid contact elements, which are electrically connected to the power terminals of the surge arrester. Even if the end faces of the active part are not completely flat to each other, but optionally a little concave or convex curved or inclined at a small angle to each other, so always an excellent performance is achieved.
Für bestimmte Ausführungsformen des Überspannungsableiters reicht es aus, wenn das Aktivteil randseitig nicht passiviert ist.For certain embodiments of the surge arrester, it is sufficient if the active part is not passivated at the edge.
Eine grosse Langzeitstabilität des Überspannungsableiters wird erreicht, wenn das Aktivteil des Varistors randseitig passiviert ist, wie dies durch eine auf den Varistorrand aufgebrachte elektrische Isolation aus Glas oder Epoxidlack oder durch einen über den Varistorrand gezogenen Gummi- bzw. Silikonring realisiert werden kann. Weist die Passivierung einen Ring auf und ist dieser Ring höher als das Aktivteil ausgeführt und/oder weist der Ring ein ausgeprägtes Profil auf, so kann er zugleich zur Positionierung der elastisch ausgeführten Kontaktelemente verwendet werden.A great long-term stability of the surge arrester is achieved when the active part of the varistor is passivated on the edge, as can be realized by an applied on the Varistorrand electrical insulation made of glass or epoxy paint or by a pulled over the Varistorrand rubber or silicone ring. If the passivation has a ring and if this ring is higher than the active part and / or the ring has a pronounced profile, it can at the same time be used to position the elastically designed contact elements.
Enthält der Überspannungsableiter nach der Erfindung einen durch eine Schmelzverbindung realisierten Stromunterbrecher und eine bei geschlossenem Stromunterbrecher mit Vorspannung beaufschlagte und bei geöffnetem Stromunterbrecher sichtbare Schadensanzeigevorrichtung, so ist es zu empfehlen, die Schmelzverbindung in ein unter Bildung von Kontaktkraft auf eines der beiden elastischen Kontaktelement des Varistors gedrücktes scheibenförmiges Element des Stromunterbrechers einzuformen, da dann ein guter Wärmeübergang vom Varistor auf die Schmelzverbindung und damit auch ein sicheres Auslösen des Stromunterbrechers sichergestellt sind.If the surge arrester according to the invention comprises a circuit breaker realized by a fusion connection and a damage display device which is biased when the circuit breaker is open and the circuit breaker is open, it is recommended that the fusion connection be pressed into one of the two elastic contact elements of the varistor To mold disk-shaped element of the circuit breaker, since then a good heat transfer from the varistor to the fuse link and thus a safe triggering of the circuit breaker are ensured.
Eine äusserst kostengünstige Fertigung eines Überspannungsableiters nach der Erfindung kann erreicht werden, wenn das Ableitergehäuse überwiegend axialsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist und zwei unter Bildung des Kontaktdruckes und der Vorspannung kraftschlüssig miteinander verbundene Gehäuseteile aufweist, von denen in ein erstes eine Öffnung zur Durchführung des ersten Stromanschlusses und eines eine Signalfläche enthaltenden Teils der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung und in ein zweites eine Öffnung zur Durchführung des zweiten Stromanschlusses eingeformt sind. Bei der Fertigung dieses Ableiters werden lediglich vorgefertigte Teile, wie eine Anschlussarmatur oder ein diese Anschlussarmatur, eine Schadensanzeigevorrichtung und einen vorgespannten Stromunterbrecher enthaltendes Bauteil, eines der elastischen Kontaktelement, das Aktivteil, ein weiteres der elastischen Kontaktelemente, ein gegebenenfalls mit diesem Kontaktelement verbundenes Stromübertragungselement und eine Kontaktkraft erzeugende Druckfeder in ein überwiegend rohrförmig ausgebildetes Gehäuseteil gesteckt und die eingesteckten Teile unter Bildung von Kontaktkraft durch Einschnappen eines eine zweite Anschlussarmatur enthaltenden kappenförmigen Gehäuseteils festgesetzt.An extremely cost-effective production of a surge arrester according to the invention can be achieved if the arrester housing is formed predominantly axially symmetrical and has two frictionally interconnected to form the contact pressure and the bias housing parts, of which in a first opening for carrying out the first power connection and a Signal surface containing part of the damage display device and in a second an opening for the implementation of the second power connector are formed. In the manufacture of this arrester are only prefabricated parts, such as a connection fitting or this connection fitting, a damage indicator and a biased circuit breaker containing component, one of the elastic contact element, the active part, another of the elastic contact elements, optionally connected to this contact element power transmission element and a Contact force generating compression spring inserted into a predominantly tubular housing part formed and fixed the inserted parts to form contact force by snapping a second terminal fitting containing cap-shaped housing part.
Der solchermassen ausgebildete Überspannungsableiter kann daher sehr rasch und mit äusserst einfachen Mitteln, insbesondere auch lokal, gefertigt werden.The surge arrester designed in this way can therefore be manufactured very quickly and with very simple means, in particular locally.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsansicht eines Überspannungsableiters für Niederspannung mit einem Stromunterbrecher mit punktförmigem Thermoauslöser, und
- Fig. 2
- einen Stromauslöser mit ringförmigem Thermoauslöser für den Überspannungsableiter gemäss Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- a cross-sectional view of a surge arrester for low voltage with a circuit breaker with punctiform thermal release, and
- Fig. 2
- a current release with annular thermo release for the surge arrester according to FIG. 1.
In den Figuren sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet. Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Überspannungsableiter mit einem zweiteiligen überwiegend axialsymmetrisch ausgeführten Ableitergehäuse aus Kunststoff, wie vorzugsweise einem gegen Photooxidation stabilisierten, mechanisch verstärkten Polyamid. Eine günstige Verstärkung kann durch Einlagern von Füllstoff, vorzugsweise in Form von Glaskugeln, erreicht werden. In ein vorwiegend rohrförmig ausgeführtes Gehäuseteil 2 ist eine innere Aussparung 18 zum Eingriff einer Schnapparretiervorrichtung 1a eines als Isolierkappe ausgeführten Gehäuseteils 1 eingeformt, welches einerseits fest mit einem metallischen Stromanschluss 16 und andererseits über einen als O - Ring ausgeführten Dichtungsring 9 mit dem Gehäuseteil 2 wasserdicht verbunden ist. Ein vorwiegend scheibenförmig ausgebildetes Stromübertragungselement 7 steht über eine metallische, elektrischen Strom leitende Druckfeder 4 mit dem Stromanschlusskontakt 16 in elektrisch leitender Druckverbindung. Die Druckfeder 4 übt auf das Stromübertragungselement 7 eine vorgebbare Kraft von z. B. 200 N aus; sie ist zum Kurzschliessen ihrer Induktion aussenseitig durch biegsame Kurzschlusselemente 4a aus verzinntem Kupfer überbrückt.In the figures, the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals. Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a surge arrester with a two-piece predominantly axially symmetrical designed discharge housing made of plastic, such as preferably a stabilized against photooxidation, mechanically reinforced polyamide. A favorable reinforcement can be achieved by incorporating filler, preferably in the form of glass beads. In a predominantly tubular executed
Ein als innere ringförmige Schulter ausgeführtes Widerlager 19 im Gehäuseteil 2 ermöglicht eine randseitige Anlage eines vorwiegend scheibenförmig ausgebildeten Stromübertragungselement 8 eines Stromunterbrechers, welcher über eine zentrale, punktförmige bzw. kreiszylindrische Schmelzverbindung 15, vorzugsweise ein Silberlot, mit einer vorgebbaren Schmelztemperatur in einem Temperaturbereich von typischerweise 140 °C - 300 °C, beispielsweise von 180 °C, mit einem als Gewindestift 8a ausgeführten, stromleitenden Teil des Stromunterbrechers fest verbunden ist. Der Stift 8a ist in ein Gewindeloch 17a eines Stromanschlusses 17 geschraubt und somit elektrisch mit diesem verbunden. Anstelle dieses Schraubkontaktes kann auch ein fester, einstückiger, elektrisch leitender Kontakt vorgesehen sein (nicht dargestellt). Im Inneren des Gehäuseteils 2 ist zwischen dem Stromunterbrecher und dem Stromanschluss 17 eine elektrisch isolierende, rotationssymmetrische Schadensanzeigevorrichtung 3 mit einer aussenseitigen Signalfläche 3a, vorzugsweise mit einem phosphoreszierenden und/oder fluoreszierenden Material, angeordnet, damit auch bei schlechten Sichtverhältnissen eine eindeutige Fehlererkennung möglich ist. Diese Schadensanzeigevorrichtung liegt im Betriebszustand des Überspannungsableiters einerseits randseitig mit einem Flansch am Stromübertragungselement 8 des Stromunterbrecher an; andererseits liegt sie über einen als 0-Ring ausgeführten Dichtungsring 10 wasserdicht an einem Endteil des Gehäuseteils 2 und an dem Stromanschlusskontakt 17 an. In einer Aussparung der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung 3 ist eine Druckfeder 5 mit geringerer Spannkraft als die Druckfeder 4, beispielsweise von 50 N, angeordnet. Diese Druckfeder stützt sich einerseits an der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung 3 und andererseits am Teil 8 des Stromunterbrechers ab.A designed as an inner
Das Stromübertragungselement 7 steht über eine gerillte Oberfläche und über ein vorzugsweise als Graphitscheibe ausgeführtes elastisches Kontaktelement 13 mit einer Stirnfläche 12a eines scheibenförmig ausgeführten Aktivteils 12 eines Varistors in elektrisch gutleitender Druckverbindung. Das Stromübertragungselement 8 steht über eine gerillte Oberfläche und über ein ebenfalls als Graphitscheibe ausgeführtes elastisches Kontaktelement 13 mit einer Stirnfläche 12b des Aktivteil 12 in elektrisch gutleitender Druckverbindung. Dabei drückt die Druckfeder 4 das Aktivteil des Varistors über das Stromübertragungselement 7 gegen das Widerlager 19 am Gehäuseteil 2. Die gerillten Kontaktanlageflächen der Stromübertragungselemente 7, 8 bewirken eine gleichmässige Kraftübertragung auf die elastischen Kontaktelemente 11, 13 bzw. einen guten Wärmeübergang vom Aktivteil 12 zum Stromübertragungselement 8 des Stromunterbrechers. Das Übertragungselement 7 ist im Zentrum seiner gerippten Oberfläche mittels eines Tropfens 14 eines Sekundenklebers mit dem elastischen Kontaktelement 11 fest verbunden.The
Das vorzugsweise von einen Metalloxid, insbesondere auf der Basis von Zinkoxid, bestehende Aktivteil 12 ist auf seinen Stirnflächen 12a, 12b nicht metallisiert. Randseitig ist es mit einem dielektrischen Passivierungsmittel, wie einer elektrischen Isolation aus Glas oder Epoxidlack bzw. einem Ring 6, vorzugsweise aus einem dielektrischen Elastomer, wie insbesondere Silikon, überzogen bzw. bedeckt. Der Ring 6 ist etwas höher als das Aktivteil 12 des Varistors, so dass er gleichzeitig ein Zentriermittel für die elastischen Kontaktelemente 11, 13 und das Aktivteil 12 bildet.The
Im normalen Betriebszustand ist der Überspannungsableiter hochohmig. Bei gefährlichen Überspannungen, hervorgerufen z. B. durch atmosphärische Entladungen oder durch Schaltvorgänge, sinkt der elektrische Widerstand des Varistors mit zunehmender elektrischer Spannung und begrenzt diese. Steigt die Temperatur des Varistors wegen Überlastung und wird dabei die Schmelztemperatur der Schmelzverbindung 15 erreicht, so öffnet die Schmelzverbindung. Die Druckfeder 5 drückt nun die Schadensanzeigevorrichtung 3 zusammen mit dem Stromanschlusskontakt 17 in Richtung eines Pfeiles 21 nach rechts bis der randseitige Flansch der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung 3, der vorher am Teil 8 des Stromunterbrechers anlag, an einer Anlagefläche bzw. an einem Widerlager 20 des Gehäuseteils 2 anliegt. Dadurch wird ein unerwünscht grosser Strom durch den Varistor unterbrochen und die Signalfläche 3a der Vorrichtung 3 ausserhalb des Gehäuseteils 2 sichtbar (nicht dargestellt). Diese Stromtrennung führt zu einem dauerhaften, definierten Zustand, bei dem keine frei baumelnden Anschlüsse und keine Folgeschaden nach der Trennung auftreten können. Der Überspannungsableiter ist in beliebiger Lage in eine zu schützende elektrische Anlage einbaubar, wobei wenigstens einer der beiden Stromanschlusskontakte 16, 17 flexibel angeschlossen sein muss.In normal operation, the surge arrester is high-impedance. At dangerous overvoltages, caused z. B. by atmospheric discharges or by switching operations, the electrical resistance of the varistor decreases with increasing voltage and limits these. If the temperature of the varistor rises due to overload and the melting temperature of the
Fig. 2 zeigt das Stromübertragungselement 8 des Stromunterbrechers mit einer ringförmig um dessen Zentrum angeordneten Schmelzverbindung 15a anstelle einer punktförmigen ausgebildeten 15 gemäss Fig. 1. Der mit dieser Schmelzverbindung ausgerüstete Stromunterbrecher hat den Vorteil einer präziseren Einstellmöglichkeit der Stromtrennung, da der Schmelzbereich 15a nicht unmittelbar mit dem als Wärmeableiter wirkenden Gewindestift 8a verbunden ist.Fig. 2 shows the
Es versteht sich, dass der Überspannungsableiter auch mit mehreren Varistoren 12 ausgestattet sein kann (nicht dargestellt). Deren Stirnflächen 12a, 12b können statt planparallel, beispielsweise auch konvex oder konkav ausgebildet sein (nicht dargestellt). Die elastischen Kontaktelement 11, 13 und die nicht metallsierten Stirnflächen 12a, 12b ermöglichen jeweils deren gute elektrische Kontaktierung.It is understood that the surge arrester can also be equipped with a plurality of varistors 12 (not shown). Their end faces 12a, 12b may instead of plane-parallel, for example, convex or concave (not shown). The
- 1, 21, 2
- Gehäuseteilehousing parts
- 1a1a
- SchnapparretiervorrichtungSchnapparretiervorrichtung
- 33
- SchadensanzeigevorrichtungDamage display
- 3a3a
- Signalflächesignal area
- 4, 54, 5
- Druckfederncompression springs
- 4a4a
- KurzschlusselementeShorting members
- 66
- Ringring
- 7, 87, 8
- StromübertragungselementePower transmission elements
- 8a8a
- GewindestiftSet screw
- 9, 109, 10
- Dichtungsringe,Sealing rings,
- 11, 1311, 13
- elastische Kontaktelementeelastic contact elements
- 1212
- Aktivteilactive part
- 12a, 12b12a, 12b
- Stirnflächenfaces
- 1414
- Tropfendrops
- 15, 15a15, 15a
- Schmelzverbindungenfusible links
- 16, 1716, 17
- Stromanschlüssepower connectors
- 17a17a
- Gewindelochthreaded hole
- 1818
- Aussparungrecess
- 19, 2019, 20
- Widerlagerabutment
- 2121
- Pfeilarrow
Claims (16)
- Surge arrester having an arrester housing, two electrical terminals (16, 17), which are passed out of the arrester housing, a disc-shaped varistor, which is arranged in the arrester housing, and having two current transfer elements (7, 8), which each make electrical contact with one of two contact points on the varistor and are each electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrical terminals (16, 17), the current transfer elements (7, 8) being rigid contact elements producing contact pressure, characterized in that the varistor contains a non-metallized active part (12) having non-metallized end faces (12a, 12b) and two elastic contact elements (11, 13), which are pushed onto the non-metallized end faces (12a, 12b) of the active part (12) by means of the rigid current transfer elements (7, 8) so as to form electrical contact.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two contact elements (11, 13) is a graphite disc.
- Surge arrester according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the active part (12) has not been passivated.
- Surge arrester according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the active part (12) has been passivated at the edge.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 4, characterized in that the active part (12) has a ring (6) at the edge.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 5, characterized in that the ring (6) is higher than the active part (12), such that it forms an edge-side limit for positioning the contact elements (11, 13).
- Surge arrester according to either of Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the ring (6) is formed from a dielectric elastomer, in particular a silicone.
- Surge arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized by a current interrupter, which is arranged in the electrical connection between a first (13) of the two contact elements (11, 13) and a first (17) of the two electrical terminals (16, 17) and is in the form of a fuse link (15, 15a), and by a damage display apparatus (3), which is subjected to prestress when the current interrupter is closed and is visible when the current interrupter is open.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 8, characterized in that the fuse link (15, 15a) is formed into a disc-shaped, first (8) of the two current transfer elements (7, 8).
- Surge arrester according to Claim 9, characterized in that the first current transfer element (8), with a grooved surface, is pushed onto the first contact element (13).
- Surge arrester according to either of Claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the fuse link (15, 15a) is punctiform or ring-shaped.
- Surge arrester according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the arrester housing is designed to be predominantly axially symmetrical and has two housing parts (1, 2), which are connected to one another in a force-fitting manner so as to form the contact pressure and the prestress and of which, in a first housing part (2), an opening is formed for passing through the first electrical terminal (17) and a part of the damage display apparatus (3), which part contains a signal area (3a), and, in a second housing part (1), an opening is formed for passing through the second electrical terminal (16).
- Surge arrester according to Claim 12, characterized in that the two housing parts (11, 13) are snapped together.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 13, characterized in that the prestress is produced by a first compression spring (5), which is supported between the disc-shaped first current transfer element (8) and the damage display apparatus (3), and the contact force is produced by a second compression spring (4), which acts on the second contact element (11).
- Surge arrester according to Claim 14, characterized in that the second compression spring (4) is bridged by flexible short-circuiting elements (4a).
- Surge arrester according to one of Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the arrester housing consists of a mechanically reinforced polyamide, which is stabilized against photooxidation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10000617 | 2000-01-10 | ||
| DE10000617A DE10000617A1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2000-01-10 | Surge arresters |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1117107A2 EP1117107A2 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| EP1117107A3 EP1117107A3 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
| EP1117107B1 true EP1117107B1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
Family
ID=7627045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00811193A Expired - Lifetime EP1117107B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2000-12-14 | Surge Voltage Arrester |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6614640B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1117107B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005038869A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1218329C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE352848T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0100035A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2332384A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ200145A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10000617A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2280191T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRPK20010016B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0100061A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL199074B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2260220C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW498352B (en) |
| UA (1) | UA71916C2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10136617C1 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2002-10-10 | Siemens Ag | Surge arrester for use in power transmission networks comprises several varistor blocks which have coating which initiates arc-over when its temperature exceeds preset value |
| EP1304786A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-23 | ABB Schweiz AG | Voltage limiter |
| DE10162916A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-10 | Epcos Ag | Spring clip, surge arrester with the spring clip and arrangement of a surge arrester |
| DE60333804D1 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2010-09-23 | Abb France | OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH CLAMP ASSEMBLY |
| DE102004025912A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Epcos Ag | Surge arresters |
| DE102006034404B4 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2014-05-28 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Overcurrent protection device for use with overvoltage arresters, with an additional mechanical release designed as a firing pin |
| DE102010007428A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG, 32825 | Snubber |
| DE102011100437B4 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2016-04-07 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Arrangement for forming a thermal separation point |
| CN102082427A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-06-01 | 上海雷迅防雷技术有限公司 | Surge protector adopting pressure-sensitive chip and graphite sheet in serial connection |
| DE102012004678A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-12 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge protection device |
| EP2669903B1 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2018-09-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Enclosed surge absorber with central feedthrough |
| US8743525B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-03 | Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd | Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material |
| US9906017B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-27 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| CN104265556B (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of tidal power machine structure based on dielectric elastomer designs |
| EP3182438B1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-10-03 | ABB Schweiz AG | Subsea pressure resistant housing for an electric component |
| US10319545B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US10707678B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US10447026B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-10-15 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
| US10340110B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| DE102017118181B4 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-17 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Encapsulated overvoltage protection device with a cup-like housing |
| US10685767B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-06-16 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and systems including same |
| US11223200B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-01-11 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US11862967B2 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective device assembly modules |
| US11723145B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same |
| US11990745B2 (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2024-05-21 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices |
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-
2000
- 2000-01-10 DE DE10000617A patent/DE10000617A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-14 DE DE50014002T patent/DE50014002D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 ES ES00811193T patent/ES2280191T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 EP EP00811193A patent/EP1117107B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 AT AT00811193T patent/ATE352848T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-01-04 TW TW090100194A patent/TW498352B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-04 CZ CZ200145A patent/CZ200145A3/en unknown
- 2001-01-08 HR HR20010016A patent/HRPK20010016B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-09 UA UA2001010168A patent/UA71916C2/en unknown
- 2001-01-09 PL PL344976A patent/PL199074B1/en unknown
- 2001-01-09 RU RU2001100587/09A patent/RU2260220C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-09 HU HU0100061A patent/HUP0100061A3/en unknown
- 2001-01-09 CA CA002332384A patent/CA2332384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-09 BR BR0100035-7A patent/BR0100035A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-10 US US09/756,912 patent/US6614640B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-10 CN CN011013613A patent/CN1218329C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-10 JP JP2001002374A patent/JP2005038869A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU0100061D0 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| HUP0100061A2 (en) | 2001-10-28 |
| ES2280191T3 (en) | 2007-09-16 |
| HUP0100061A3 (en) | 2002-10-28 |
| PL199074B1 (en) | 2008-08-29 |
| DE10000617A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| HRP20010016A2 (en) | 2001-12-31 |
| CN1304142A (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| US20010019471A1 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
| CN1218329C (en) | 2005-09-07 |
| BR0100035A (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| CA2332384A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
| PL344976A1 (en) | 2001-07-16 |
| JP2005038869A (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| US6614640B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| RU2260220C2 (en) | 2005-09-10 |
| EP1117107A2 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| DE50014002D1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
| HRPK20010016B1 (en) | 2003-08-31 |
| CZ200145A3 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
| EP1117107A3 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
| TW498352B (en) | 2002-08-11 |
| UA71916C2 (en) | 2005-01-17 |
| ATE352848T1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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