EP1106087B1 - Method and apparatus for applying a preferably liquid additive - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for applying a preferably liquid additive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1106087B1
EP1106087B1 EP00125867A EP00125867A EP1106087B1 EP 1106087 B1 EP1106087 B1 EP 1106087B1 EP 00125867 A EP00125867 A EP 00125867A EP 00125867 A EP00125867 A EP 00125867A EP 1106087 B1 EP1106087 B1 EP 1106087B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tow
density
web
actuators
additive
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EP00125867A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1106087A2 (en
EP1106087A3 (en
Inventor
Uwe Marsau
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Koerber Technologies GmbH
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Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
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Publication of EP1106087A3 publication Critical patent/EP1106087A3/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0295—Process control means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/022—Applying additives to filter materials with liquid additives, e.g. application of plasticisers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for supplying a preferably liquid additive to a moving web of expanded filaments comprising filter material.
  • the invention also relates to a device for supplying a preferably liquid additive to a moving web of expanded filaments having filter material.
  • filter tow which is usually made of cellulose acetate, withdrawn from a supply as an endless strip and treated.
  • the filter tow consists of a web of loosely adhered threads that are pulled apart to form a broad and mostly planar web so that the threads are moved side by side and substantially parallel.
  • the spreading of the web takes place in a stretching zone, which is formed by two roller pairs revolving at different peripheral speeds, of which at least one roller is grooved on its surface.
  • the web is an additive that is usually liquid and z. B. from triacetin droplets, fed in finely divided form.
  • the droplets dissolve the threads, so that the threads are permanently arrested together, ie networked, after they are gathered together into a round strand and wrapping with a filter paper strip in a so-called filter rod machine.
  • a liquid additive an additive consisting of a finely divided powdered substance can also be used. Reprocessing devices of the prescribed type are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,060,664 and 4,511,420 and GB 2,265,296 A.
  • the amount of tow such as the center region of the web, may contain more material than the two edge regions, or vice versa. If then, as usual, always the same amount of additive supplied to each area of the web, then the ratio of filter tow of filter cloth is no longer constant in all areas, ie in an area with too much tow amount per unit area is then too little additive, z. As triacetin, in an area with too little tow amount per unit area is too much additive. This means that the homogeneity of the Triacetin concludeds across the width of the web is no longer guaranteed. However, what is desired is an at least approximately constant quantity ratio over the web width, ie transversely to the direction of the web movement.
  • the object underlying the invention is to improve the constancy of the ratio of additive to filter material.
  • this is achieved by detecting the density of the web transversely to its direction of movement and that the supply of the additive to the web is effected as a function of the density.
  • the density is detected in individual web areas, so that it can be determined where there are possibly density deviations or density variations.
  • the web density can be detected quickly and sensitively by radiation passing through the web, preferably light radiation, whose more or less strong attenuation detected by means of photoelectronic detectors is a measure of the more or less large density of the web material.
  • light waves can be used which radiate at least partially light in the infrared range to the individual track areas.
  • the web density can be detected in a further embodiment of the invention by the web passing through gas, preferably air.
  • the influence of air streams in the individual web areas due to the density of the web material can be detected by suitable pneumatic detectors.
  • the web density can be detected by electrical or electromagnetic fields passing through the web, preferably by radio frequency fields.
  • the influence of the fields in the individual web areas as a result of the density of the web material can be detected by suitable high-frequency detectors.
  • the supply of the additive to the web can be controlled by means of controllable actuators.
  • the respective actuators assigned to a single track area are controlled by density measurement signals which are formed from assigned track areas.
  • the actuators can be formed in a development of the invention arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the web valves. They can be controlled analog or digital depending on the density-dependent measurement signals.
  • valves as actuatorsing pumps can be used according to the invention, the pumping powers are controlled by the density-dependent measurement signals.
  • the device mentioned above is characterized by a measuring arrangement which detects the density of the web transversely to its direction of movement and which is connected to at least one actuator for the supply of the additive to the web.
  • the density measuring arrangement has a plurality of transducers, which are each associated with a region of the web and connected to an actuator.
  • Advantageous transducers according to the invention work with the radiation passing through the web, in particular with light whose spectrum can be at least partially in the infrared range. The more or less large attenuation of the light as a result of density fluctuations of the web material in the individual web areas can be detected by suitable detectors emitting photoelectronic density-dependent signals assigned to the web areas.
  • Another way of detecting the density in the individual web areas is according to an embodiment of the invention in the use of pneumatic the web areas respectively associated detectors that detect the web material passing through air currents and z. B. convert into electrical signals.
  • a further possibility of detecting the density in the individual web areas according to the invention consists in the use of high-frequency detectors which detect the web material by means of the track passing through high-frequency electrical or electromagnetic fields and convert it into electrical signals.
  • the transducers are preferably assigned downstream of the measuring point arranged actuators.
  • the actuators may be designed as controllable valves (control valves) or controllable metering pumps, which are arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the web.
  • the control of the individual web areas associated actuators is carried out in response to measurement signals that are output from the respective railway areas associated Meßwertgebem.
  • the change in the amount of an actuator supplied to a web area additive continuously, z. B. proportional to the density of Railway area vary.
  • a measurement signal can also be digitized; the individual z. B. binary digits of the digital signal corresponding control signals can then digitally operating actuators, z. B. valves, are supplied.
  • the advantages associated with the invention are that the delivery of the additive can be rapidly adjusted to fluctuations in the web in the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the web, so that the ratio of the amount of web material and additive in the individual web regions is at least approximately constant. Therefore, the ratio is then also at least approximately constant in the entire web.
  • an endless filter tow strip 3 As cellulose acetate, from a bale 4 on.
  • two air nozzles 7 and 8 for the propagation and loosening of the fabric of the filter tow strip serve.
  • the above-mentioned from Figure 1 components are omitted.
  • the pair of rollers 2 follow in the direction of movement of the strip 3, two further pairs of rollers 9 and 11, between which a supply device 12 for supplying an additive in the form of plasticizer, for. B.
  • triacetin is on the between the pairs of rollers 9 and 11 as a flat web extended threads guided filter tow strip.
  • one roll is advantageously grooved at its circumference (grooved), while the counter-roller can have a smooth surface made of elastic material.
  • All pairs of rollers 2, 9 and 11 are driven by an unillustrated main drive motor via belt drives, also not shown, such. As described in US Pat. No. 5,060,664. Instead of a main drive motor and separate drives can be provided.
  • the speed of the roller pair 2 is smaller than that of the roller pair 9, so that the roller pairs 2 and 9 form a stretching device for the filter tow strip.
  • the speed of the roller pair 2 is variable via a gear 14 whose translation can be changed by a controllable adjusting motor 16.
  • the speed ratio between the roller pairs 2 and 9 indicates the degree of stretching of the filter tow strip 3, ie the spread web formed by it.
  • the brake rollers 2 are driven. But they can also be designed as drag rollers, which act as a brake rollers due to their friction.
  • a measuring arrangement 18 for detecting the density values of the spread web 3. It has transducers 19a.. a web region 3a ... 3e assigned and arranged in a row transversely to the longitudinal extent and direction of movement of the web 3.
  • the transducers 19a ... 19e of the measured value arrangement 18 serve to measure the density values of the web material in the web areas 3a ... 3e separately in order to be able to detect inhomogeneities.
  • the transducers 19a ... 19e have light source 21a .... 21e and photoelectric detectors 22a ... 22e.
  • the 22e emits a signal which depends on the attenuation of the light falling on it. This light is thus dependent on the current density of the web strip, ie on its flow rate (amount per unit area). If the density in a web area changes or deviates from a predetermined value as a result of any influences in the supply of the filter tow strip 3 from the bale 4, the associated transmitter indicates this undesired operating state with its signal.
  • the signals from the transducers 19a... 19e are each supplied to a signal processing arrangement 23a... 23e, which process the individual signals, possibly with a desired value.
  • the output signals of the arrangements 23a... 23e reach actuators 24a. B. by changing their flow cross sections, a quantity control of the added additive (eg., Triacetin) allow.
  • Each sensor 19a ... 19e controls its associated actuator 24a ... 24e such that it reduces its passage cross-section and thus the supply of the additive from a reservoir 26 at a lower measured density, increases the passage cross-section and thus the supply at a greater density , In this way, the feed is adapted to the density ratios such that the same ratio of filter tow and additive is always maintained in a web region 3a... 3e.
  • the actuators 24a... 24e can be designed as controllable valves 27a... 27e whose flow rates / time unit are controlled by output signals of the transducers 19a... 19e.
  • the flow rates may be proportional to the output signals, but the dependency may also be predetermined by a function.
  • actuators can be used, for. B. controllable metering pumps.
  • the additive e.g. B. triacetin
  • the additive can be conveyed from the reservoir 26 in the usual way by means of one or more pumps, not shown, to the actuators 24 a ... 24 e.
  • non-illustrated groups of valves can be provided for each web area, which only have the operating states "on-off" and can be controlled by digitized output signals of the transducers 19a ... 19e are that the total flow rates correspond to the desired values specified by the output signals of the transducers.
  • an inlet funnel 29 of a known in the cigarette industry filter rod machine z. B. type KDF is supplied to the applicant.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the invention with a measuring arrangement 18 using pneumatic transducers 35a... 35e for each area 3a... 3e of the filter tow path 3.
  • a track area 3a FIG. Figure 2
  • Compressed air from a compressed air source 36a is connected via a pipe 37a, a throttle assembly 38a and a nozzle 39a to the Track 3 passed, which interspersed.
  • the air influenced by the web passes via a channel 41a to a measured value converter 42a, which converts a pneumatic density of the air dependent on the web density into an electrical measuring signal.
  • This signal is amplified in an amplifier 40 then an actuator 24 a ( Figure 1), z. B. in the form of a control valve 27 a, which adjusts its passage cross section according to the measured density of the web portion 3 a, that is, the density measurement signal.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of the invention with a measuring arrangement 18 using electronic measured value transmitters 45a... 45e for each area 3a... 3e of the filter tow path 3.
  • An electric or electromagnetic high-frequency source 46a supplies high-frequency pulses to an electrode assembly 47a, which generate an electric or electromagnetic field.
  • This field is influenced by the web 3, in particular by their density.
  • the change of a characteristic size of the high-frequency field is detected by an evaluation circuit 48a and their dependent on the train density output signal via an amplifier 49a an actuator 24a, ( Figure 1), z. B. in the form of a control valve 27 a, which has its passage cross-section corresponding to the measured density of the web portion 3 a, d. H. the density measurement signal.

Abstract

The method involves detecting the density of the moving material (3) transverse to its direction of motion and feeding the additive to the material depending on the detected density using control elements driven by density signals for associated areas of material. The density is detected (19a-19e) in individual material areas using light, gas, preferably air, electrical or electromagnetic fields passed through the material. Independent claims are also included for the following: an arrangement for feeding a preferably liquid additive to a moving filter material consisting of expanded fibers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Zuführen eines vorzugsweise flüssigen Zusatzstoffes auf eine bewegte Bahn aus ausgebreitete Fäden aufweisendem Filtermaterial.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen eines vorzugsweise flüssigen Zusatzstoffes auf eine bewegte Bahn aus ausgebreitete Fäden aufweisendem Filtermaterial.
Bei der Herstellung von Filterstäben für die tabakverarbeitende Industrie, die insbesondere an Zigaretten angesetzt werden, um Schadstoffe aus dem Zigarettenrauch zu filtern, wird sogenanntes Filter-Tow, das meist aus Celluloseacetat besteht, als endloser Streifen von einem Vorrat abgezogen und behandelt. Das Filter-Tow besteht aus einem Gewebe aus locker aneinanderhaftenden Fäden, die zur Bildung einer breiten und meist ebenen Bahn auseinandergezogen werden, so dass die Fäden nebeneinander und im wesentlichen parallel bewegt werden. Die Ausbreitung der Bahn erfolgt in einer Reckzone, die von zwei mit unterschiedlichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten umlaufenden Walzenpaaren gebildet wird, von denen mindestens eine Walze an ihrer Oberfläche gerillt ist. Nach der Ausbreitung wird der Bahn ein Zusatzstoff, der meist flüssig ist und z. B. aus Triacetin-Tröpfchen besteht, in feinverteilter Form zugeführt. Die Tröpfchen lösen die Fäden an, so dass die Fäden nach ihrer Zusammenraffung zu einem runden Strang und Umhüllung mit einem Filterpapierstreifen in einer sogenannten Filterstrangmaschine dauerhaft miteinander verhaftet, d. h. vernetzt, werden. Anstelle eines flüssigen Zusatzstoffes kann auch ein aus einer feinverteilten pulverförmigen Substanz bestehender Zusatzstoff verwendet werden. Aufbereitungsgeräte der vorgeschriebenen Art sind in den US-Patentschriften 5 060 664 und 4 511 420 sowie der GB 2 265 296 A, beschrieben.The invention relates to a method for supplying a preferably liquid additive to a moving web of expanded filaments comprising filter material.
The invention also relates to a device for supplying a preferably liquid additive to a moving web of expanded filaments having filter material.
In the production of filter rods for the tobacco processing industry, which are especially applied to cigarettes to filter pollutants from cigarette smoke, so-called filter tow, which is usually made of cellulose acetate, withdrawn from a supply as an endless strip and treated. The filter tow consists of a web of loosely adhered threads that are pulled apart to form a broad and mostly planar web so that the threads are moved side by side and substantially parallel. The spreading of the web takes place in a stretching zone, which is formed by two roller pairs revolving at different peripheral speeds, of which at least one roller is grooved on its surface. After spreading, the web is an additive that is usually liquid and z. B. from triacetin droplets, fed in finely divided form. The droplets dissolve the threads, so that the threads are permanently arrested together, ie networked, after they are gathered together into a round strand and wrapping with a filter paper strip in a so-called filter rod machine. Instead of a liquid additive, an additive consisting of a finely divided powdered substance can also be used. Reprocessing devices of the prescribed type are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,060,664 and 4,511,420 and GB 2,265,296 A.

Bei der Ausbreitung der Fäden des Filter-Tows kann die Tow-Menge, beispielsweise der Mittenbereich der Bahn, mehr Material enthalten als die beiden Randbereiche oder umgekehrt. Wird dann, wie bisher üblich, stets die gleiche Menge an Zusatzstoff jedem Bereich der Bahn zugeführt, dann ist das Mengenverhältnis von Filter-Tow von Filterstoff nicht mehr in allen Bereichen konstant, d. h. in einem Bereich mit zuviel Tow-Menge je Flächeneinheit befindet sich dann zu wenig Zusatzstoff, z. B. Triacetin, in einem Bereich mit zu wenig Tow-Menge je Flächeneinheit befindet sich zuviel Zusatzstoff. Dies bedeutet, dass die Homogenität des Triacetinauftrags über die Breite der Bahn nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Erwünscht ist aber ein zumindest annähernd konstantes Mengenverhältnis über die Bahnbreite, also quer zur Richtung der Bahnbewegung.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht darin, die Konstanz des Verhältnisses von Zusatzstoff zu Filtermaterial zu verbessern.As the threads of the filter tow expand, the amount of tow, such as the center region of the web, may contain more material than the two edge regions, or vice versa. If then, as usual, always the same amount of additive supplied to each area of the web, then the ratio of filter tow of filter cloth is no longer constant in all areas, ie in an area with too much tow amount per unit area is then too little additive, z. As triacetin, in an area with too little tow amount per unit area is too much additive. This means that the homogeneity of the Triacetinauftrags across the width of the web is no longer guaranteed. However, what is desired is an at least approximately constant quantity ratio over the web width, ie transversely to the direction of the web movement.
The object underlying the invention is to improve the constancy of the ratio of additive to filter material.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Dichte der Bahn quer zu ihrer Bewegungsrichtung erfasst wird, und dass die Zufuhr des Zusatzstoffes zu der Bahn in Abhängigkeit von der Dichte erfolgt.According to the invention, this is achieved by detecting the density of the web transversely to its direction of movement and that the supply of the additive to the web is effected as a function of the density.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Dichte in einzelnen Bahnbereichen erfasst, so dass festgestellt werden kann, wo sich ggf. Dichteabweichungen oder Dichteschwankungen befinden. Die Bahndichte kann schnell und empfindlich mittels die Bahn durchsetzender Strahlung vorzugsweise Lichtstrahlung erfasst werden, deren mehr oder weniger starke mittels fotoelektronischer Detektoren erfasste Schwächung ein Maß für die mehr oder weniger große Dichte des Bahnmaterials ist. Hierzu können Lichtwellen Verwendung finden, die zumindest teilweise Licht im Infrarotbereich auf die einzelnen Bahnbereiche abstrahlen.
Die Bahndichte kann in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung durch die Bahn durchsetzendes Gas, vorzugsweise Luft, erfasst werden. Die Beeinflussung von Luftströmen in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen infolge der Dichte des Bahnmaterials kann von geeigneten pneumatischen Detektoren erfasst werden.
Schließlich kann gemäß der Erfindung die Bahndichte durch die Bahn durchsetzende elektrische oder elektromagnetische Felder, vorzugsweise durch Hochfrequenz-Felder, erfasst werden. Die Beeinflussung der Felder in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen infolge der Dichte des Bahnmaterials kann von geeigneten Hochfrequenz-Detektoren erfasst werden.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Zufuhr des Zusatzstoffes zu der Bahn mittels steuerbarer Stellglieder gesteuert werden. Hierbei werden die jeweils einem einzelnen Bahnbereich zugeordneten Stellglieder durch Dichtemesssignale gesteuert, die aus zugeordneten Bahnbereichen gebildet werden. Die Stellglieder können in Weiterbildung der Erfindung von quer zur Bewegungsrichtung der Bahn angeordneten Ventilen gebildet werden. Sie können analog oder digital in Abhängigkeit von den dichteabhängigen Messsignalen gesteuert werden. Anstelle von Ventilen als Stellglieder können gemäß der Erfindung Dosierpumpen verwendet werden, deren Pumpleistungen von den dichteabhängigen Messsignalen gesteuert werden.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the density is detected in individual web areas, so that it can be determined where there are possibly density deviations or density variations. The web density can be detected quickly and sensitively by radiation passing through the web, preferably light radiation, whose more or less strong attenuation detected by means of photoelectronic detectors is a measure of the more or less large density of the web material. For this purpose, light waves can be used which radiate at least partially light in the infrared range to the individual track areas.
The web density can be detected in a further embodiment of the invention by the web passing through gas, preferably air. The influence of air streams in the individual web areas due to the density of the web material can be detected by suitable pneumatic detectors.
Finally, according to the invention, the web density can be detected by electrical or electromagnetic fields passing through the web, preferably by radio frequency fields. The influence of the fields in the individual web areas as a result of the density of the web material can be detected by suitable high-frequency detectors.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the supply of the additive to the web can be controlled by means of controllable actuators. In this case, the respective actuators assigned to a single track area are controlled by density measurement signals which are formed from assigned track areas. The actuators can be formed in a development of the invention arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the web valves. They can be controlled analog or digital depending on the density-dependent measurement signals. Instead of valves as actuators dosing pumps can be used according to the invention, the pumping powers are controlled by the density-dependent measurement signals.

Die eingangs genannte Vorrichtung ist gekennzeichnet durch eine die Dichte der Bahn quer zu ihrer Bewegungsrichtung erfassende Messanordnung, die mit mindestens einem Stellglied für die Zufuhr des Zusatzstoffes zu der Bahn verbunden ist. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung weist die Dichtemessanordnung mehrere Messwertgeber auf, die jeweils einem Bereich der Bahn zugeordnet und mit einem Stellglied verbunden sind. Vorteilhafte Messwertgeber gemäß der Erfindung arbeiten mit die Bahn durchsetzender Strahlung, insbesondere mit Licht, dessen Spektrum zumindest teilweise im Infrarotbereich liegen kann. Die mehr oder weniger große Schwächung des Lichtes infolge Dichteschwankungen des Bahnmaterials in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen kann durch geeignete den Bahnbereichen zugeordnete fotoelektronische dichteabhängige Signale abgebende Detektoren erfasst werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Erfassung der Dichte in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen besteht gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung im Einsatz von pneumatischen den Bahnbereichen jeweils zugeordneten Detektoren, die das Bahnmaterial durchsetzende Luftströme erfassen und z. B. in elektrische Signale umsetzen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Erfassung der Dichte in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen besteht gemäß der Erfindung im Einsatz von Hochfrequenz-Detektoren, die das Bahnmaterial mittels die Bahn durchsetzender hochfrequenter elektrischer oder elektromagnetischer Felder erfassen und in elektrische Signale umsetzen.
Die Messwertgeber sind bevorzugt stromabwärts von der Messstelle angeordneten Stellgliedern zugeordnet. Die Stellglieder können als steuerbare Ventile (Stellventile) oder steuerbare Dosierpumpen ausgebildet sein, die quer zur Bewegungsrichtung der Bahn angeordnet sind. Die Steuerung der den einzelnen Bahnbereichen zugeordneten Stellglieder erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von Messsignalen, die von den den jeweiligen Bahnbereichen zugeordneten Messwertgebem abgegeben werden. Dabei kann die Änderung der Menge des von einem Stellglied einem Bahnbereich zugeführten Zusatzstoffes kontinuierlich, z. B. proportional, mit der Dichte des Bahnbereiches schwanken. Ein Messsignal kann aber auch digitalisiert werden; den einzelnen z. B. binären Stellen des Digitalsignals entsprechende Steuersignale können dann digital arbeitenden Stellgliedern, z. B. Ventilen, zugeführt werden.
Die mit der Erfindung verbundenen Vorteile bestehen darin, dass die Zufuhr des Zusatzstoffes Schwankungen der Bahn in der Richtung quer zur Förderrichtung der Bahn schnell angepasst werden kann, so dass das Verhältnis der Menge von Bahnmaterial und von Zusatzstoff in den einzelnen Bahnbereichen zumindest annähernd konstant ist. Daher ist das Verhältnis dann auch bei der gesamten Bahn zumindest annähernd konstant.The device mentioned above is characterized by a measuring arrangement which detects the density of the web transversely to its direction of movement and which is connected to at least one actuator for the supply of the additive to the web. In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the density measuring arrangement has a plurality of transducers, which are each associated with a region of the web and connected to an actuator. Advantageous transducers according to the invention work with the radiation passing through the web, in particular with light whose spectrum can be at least partially in the infrared range. The more or less large attenuation of the light as a result of density fluctuations of the web material in the individual web areas can be detected by suitable detectors emitting photoelectronic density-dependent signals assigned to the web areas. Another way of detecting the density in the individual web areas is according to an embodiment of the invention in the use of pneumatic the web areas respectively associated detectors that detect the web material passing through air currents and z. B. convert into electrical signals. A further possibility of detecting the density in the individual web areas according to the invention consists in the use of high-frequency detectors which detect the web material by means of the track passing through high-frequency electrical or electromagnetic fields and convert it into electrical signals.
The transducers are preferably assigned downstream of the measuring point arranged actuators. The actuators may be designed as controllable valves (control valves) or controllable metering pumps, which are arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the web. The control of the individual web areas associated actuators is carried out in response to measurement signals that are output from the respective railway areas associated Meßwertgebem. In this case, the change in the amount of an actuator supplied to a web area additive continuously, z. B. proportional to the density of Railway area vary. A measurement signal can also be digitized; the individual z. B. binary digits of the digital signal corresponding control signals can then digitally operating actuators, z. B. valves, are supplied.
The advantages associated with the invention are that the delivery of the additive can be rapidly adjusted to fluctuations in the web in the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the web, so that the ratio of the amount of web material and additive in the individual web regions is at least approximately constant. Therefore, the ratio is then also at least approximately constant in the entire web.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.
Es zeigen

Figur 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Tow-Aufbereitungsgerätes unter Verwendung von fotoelektronischen Messwertgebem gemäß der Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine Draufsicht auf den größten Teil des Tow-Aufbereitungsgerätes gemäß Figur 1,
Figur 3
einen pneumatischen Messwertgeber zur Erfassung von Dichteschwankungen des als ebene Bahn ausgebreiteten und bewegten Tows,
Figur 4
einen Hochfrequenz-Messwertgeber zur Erfassung von Dichteschwankungen des als ebene Bahn ausgebreiteten und bewegten Tows.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.
Show it
FIG. 1
a side view of a Tow-Aufbereitungsgerätes using photoelectronic Meßwertgebem according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a top view of the largest part of the tow-treatment apparatus according to Figure 1,
FIG. 3
a pneumatic transmitter for detecting density fluctuations of the spread as a flat path and moving Tows,
FIG. 4
a high-frequency transmitter for detecting density variations of the spread as a flat path and moving Tows.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 weist ein Aufbereitungsgerät 1 für Filter-Tow ein Walzenpaar 2 zum fortlaufenden Abziehen eines endlosen Filter-Tow-Streifens 3, z. B. aus Celluloseacetat, von einem Ballen 4 auf. Nach der Entnahme von Ballen 4 passiert der Filter-Tow-Streifen 3 auf seinem Weg zum Walzenpaar 2, auf dem er über eine Umlenkrolle 6 geführt ist, zwei Luftdüsen 7 und 8, die zur Ausbreitung und Auflockerung des Gewebes des Filter-Tow-Streifens dienen. In Figur 2 sind die vorgenannten aus Figur 1 ersichtlichen Bauelemente weggelassen.
Dem Walzenpaar 2 folgen in Bewegungsrichtung des Streifens 3 zwei weitere Walzenpaare 9 und 11, zwischen denen sich eine Zufuhrvorrichtung 12 zum Zuführen eines Zusatzstoffes in Form von Weichmacher, z. B. Triacetin, auf den zwischen den Walzenpaaren 9 und 11 als ebene Bahn ausgebreiteten Fäden geführten Filter-Tow-Streifens befindet. Von den einzelnen Walzen der Walzenpaare 9 und 11 mit gleichen Durchmessern ist vorteilhaft jeweils eine Walze an ihrem Umfang mit Nuten versehen (gerillt), während die Gegenwalze eine glatte Oberfläche aus elastischem Material haben kann. Alle Walzenpaare 2, 9 und 11 sind von einem nichtdargestellten Hauptantriebsmotor über ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Riemenantriebe antreibbar, wie z. B. in US-PS 5 060 664 beschrieben. Anstelle eines Hauptantriebsmotors können auch separate Antriebe vorgesehen sein.
Die Drehzahl des Walzenpaares 2 ist kleiner als diejenige des Walzenpaares 9, so dass die Walzenpaare 2 und 9 eine Reckeinrichtung für den Filter-Tow-Streifen bilden. Die Drehzahl des Walzenpaares 2 ist über ein Getriebe 14 veränderbar, dessen Übersetzung durch einen steuerbaren Verstellmotor 16 geändert werden kann. Das Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis zwischen den Walzenpaaren 2 und 9 gibt den Grad der Reckung des Filter-Tow-Streifens 3, d. h. der von diesem gebildeten ausgebreiteten Bahn vor. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bremswalzen 2 angetrieben. Sie können aber auch als Schleppwalzen ausgebildet sein, die aufgrund ihrer Reibung als Bremswalzen wirken.In Figures 1 and 2, a processing unit 1 for filter tow a pair of rollers 2 for continuously withdrawing an endless filter tow strip 3, z. As cellulose acetate, from a bale 4 on. After the removal of bale 4 of the filter tow strip 3 passes on its way to the pair of rollers 2, on which it is guided over a guide roller 6, two air nozzles 7 and 8, for the propagation and loosening of the fabric of the filter tow strip serve. In Figure 2, the above-mentioned from Figure 1 components are omitted.
The pair of rollers 2 follow in the direction of movement of the strip 3, two further pairs of rollers 9 and 11, between which a supply device 12 for supplying an additive in the form of plasticizer, for. B. triacetin, is on the between the pairs of rollers 9 and 11 as a flat web extended threads guided filter tow strip. Of the individual rollers of the pairs of rollers 9 and 11 with the same diameters, one roll is advantageously grooved at its circumference (grooved), while the counter-roller can have a smooth surface made of elastic material. All pairs of rollers 2, 9 and 11 are driven by an unillustrated main drive motor via belt drives, also not shown, such. As described in US Pat. No. 5,060,664. Instead of a main drive motor and separate drives can be provided.
The speed of the roller pair 2 is smaller than that of the roller pair 9, so that the roller pairs 2 and 9 form a stretching device for the filter tow strip. The speed of the roller pair 2 is variable via a gear 14 whose translation can be changed by a controllable adjusting motor 16. The speed ratio between the roller pairs 2 and 9 indicates the degree of stretching of the filter tow strip 3, ie the spread web formed by it. In the illustrated embodiment, the brake rollers 2 are driven. But they can also be designed as drag rollers, which act as a brake rollers due to their friction.

Vor der Auftragzone 17 (bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung der Filter-Tow-Bahn 3) und zwischen den Walzenpaaren 2 und 9 befindet sich eine Messanordnung 18 zum Erfassen der Dichtewerte der ausgebreiteten Bahn 3. Sie weist Messwertgeber 19a ...19e auf, die jeweils einem Bahnbereich 3a ...3e zugeordnet und in einer Reihe quer zur Längserstreckung und Bewegungsrichtung der Bahn 3 angeordnet sind. Die Messwertgeber 19a ...19e der Messwertanordnung 18 dienen dazu, die Dichtewerte des Bahnmaterials in den Bahnbereichen 3a ...3e separat zu messen, um Inhomogenitäten erfassen zu können. Die Messwertgeber 19a ... 19e weisen Lichtquelle 21a ....21e und fotoelektrische Detektoren 22a ...22e auf. Ein Detektor 22a ...22e gibt ein Signal ab, das von der Schwächung des auf ihn fallenden Lichtes abhängt. Dieses Licht ist somit abhängig von der aktuellen Dichte des Bahnstreifens, d. h. von dessen Mengenstrom (Menge je Flächeneinheit). Ändert sich durch irgendwelche Einflüsse bei der Zufuhr des Filter-Tow-Streifens 3 von dem Ballen 4 die Dichte in einem Bahnbereich oder weicht sie von einem vorgesehenen Wert ab, so zeigt der zugehörige Messwertgeber diesen unerwünschten Betriebszustand mit seinem Signal an. Die Signale der Messwertgeber 19a ...19e werden jeweils einer Signalverarbeitungsanordnung 23a ...23e zugeführt, die die einzelnen Signale aufbereiten, evtl. mit einem Soll-Wert vergleichen. Die Ausgangssignale der Anordnungen 23a ...23e gelangen zu Stellgliedern 24a ...24e, die z. B. durch Änderung ihrer Durchflussquerschnitte eine Mengensteuerung des zugeführten Zusatzstoffes (z. B. Triacetin) erlauben. Jeder Messwertgeber 19a ... 19e steuert sein zugeordnetes Stellglied 24a ...24e derart, dass dieses bei einer geringeren gemessenen Dichte seinen Durchlassquerschnitt und damit die Zufuhr des Zusatzstoffes aus einem Vorratsbehälter 26 verringert, bei einer größeren Dichte den Durchlassquerschnitt und damit die Zufuhr vergrößert. Auf diese Weise wird die Zufuhr so an die Dichteverhältnisse angepasst, dass in einem Bahnbereich 3a ...3e stets das gleiche Verhältnis von Filter-Tow und Zusatzstoff aufrechterhalten wird. Die Gesamtmenge des Zusatzstoffes, der einer bestimmten Länge der Bahn und damit einer bestimmten Bahnmenge zugeführt wird, bleibt dabei gleich. Die Stellglieder 24a ... 24e können als steuerbare Ventile 27a ...27e ausgebildet sein, deren Durchflussmengen/Zeiteinheit von Ausgangssignalen der Messwertgeber 19a ... 19e gesteuert werden. Die Durchflussmengen können proportional zu den Ausgangssignalen sein, die Abhängigkeit kann aber auch durch eine Funktion vorgegeben sein. Anstelle von Stellventilen lassen sich auch andere Stellglieder einsetzen, z. B. steuerbare Dosierpumpen. Am Ausgang der Ventile 27a ... 27e befinden sich Düsen 31a ...31e, durch die der Zusatzstoff, z. B. Triacetin, in feinverteilter (zerstäubter) Form 26a ...26e der Bahn 3 zugeführt und auf deren Fäden aufgebracht wird. Der Zusatzstoff kann aus dem Vorratsbehälter 26 in üblicher Weise mittels einer oder mehreren nicht dargestellten Pumpen zu den Stellgliedern 24 a ...24e gefördert werden.In front of the application zone 17 (with respect to the direction of movement of the filter tow web 3) and between the roller pairs 2 and 9 is a measuring arrangement 18 for detecting the density values of the spread web 3. It has transducers 19a.. a web region 3a ... 3e assigned and arranged in a row transversely to the longitudinal extent and direction of movement of the web 3. The transducers 19a ... 19e of the measured value arrangement 18 serve to measure the density values of the web material in the web areas 3a ... 3e separately in order to be able to detect inhomogeneities. The transducers 19a ... 19e have light source 21a .... 21e and photoelectric detectors 22a ... 22e. A detector 22a ... 22e emits a signal which depends on the attenuation of the light falling on it. This light is thus dependent on the current density of the web strip, ie on its flow rate (amount per unit area). If the density in a web area changes or deviates from a predetermined value as a result of any influences in the supply of the filter tow strip 3 from the bale 4, the associated transmitter indicates this undesired operating state with its signal. The signals from the transducers 19a... 19e are each supplied to a signal processing arrangement 23a... 23e, which process the individual signals, possibly with a desired value. The output signals of the arrangements 23a... 23e reach actuators 24a. B. by changing their flow cross sections, a quantity control of the added additive (eg., Triacetin) allow. Each sensor 19a ... 19e controls its associated actuator 24a ... 24e such that it reduces its passage cross-section and thus the supply of the additive from a reservoir 26 at a lower measured density, increases the passage cross-section and thus the supply at a greater density , In this way, the feed is adapted to the density ratios such that the same ratio of filter tow and additive is always maintained in a web region 3a... 3e. The total amount of the additive, of a certain length of the web and thus one certain amount of train is supplied, remains the same. The actuators 24a... 24e can be designed as controllable valves 27a... 27e whose flow rates / time unit are controlled by output signals of the transducers 19a... 19e. The flow rates may be proportional to the output signals, but the dependency may also be predetermined by a function. Instead of control valves, other actuators can be used, for. B. controllable metering pumps. At the outlet of the valves 27a ... 27e there are nozzles 31a ... 31e through which the additive, e.g. B. triacetin, in finely divided (atomized) form 26a ... 26e of the web 3 is fed and applied to the threads thereof. The additive can be conveyed from the reservoir 26 in the usual way by means of one or more pumps, not shown, to the actuators 24 a ... 24 e.

Anstelle von Stellventilen mit kontinuierlich verstellbarer Durchflussmenge können auch für jeden Bahnbereich nicht dargestellte Gruppen von Ventilen (evtl. mit unterschiedlichen Durchflussmengen) vorgesehen sein, die nur die Betriebszustände "Ein-Aus" haben und von digitalisierten Ausgangssignalen der Messwertgeber 19a ...19e derart ansteuerbar sind, dass die Gesamt-Durchflussmengen den gewünschten von den Ausgangssignalen der Messwertgeber vorgegeben Werten entsprechen. Mit 28 ist ein weiteres Walzenpaar bezeichnet, von dem aus die behandelte/aufbereitete Filtermaterialbahn 3 einem Einlauftrichter 29 einer in der Zigarettenindustrie bekannten Filterstrangmaschine z. B. vom Typ KDF der Anmelderin zugeführt wird.Instead of control valves with continuously adjustable flow rate, non-illustrated groups of valves (possibly with different flow rates) can be provided for each web area, which only have the operating states "on-off" and can be controlled by digitized output signals of the transducers 19a ... 19e are that the total flow rates correspond to the desired values specified by the output signals of the transducers. With 28 another pair of rollers is designated, from which the treated / processed filter material web 3 an inlet funnel 29 of a known in the cigarette industry filter rod machine z. B. type KDF is supplied to the applicant.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Variante der Erfindung mit einer Messanordnung 18 unter Verwendung von pneumatischen Messwertgebern 35a ...35e für jeden Bereich 3a ...3e der Filter-Tow-Bahn 3. Gezeigt ist allerdings nur ein pneumatischer Messwertgeber 35a für einen Bahnbereich 3a (Figur 2). Druckluft aus einer Druckluftquelle 36a wird über eine Rohrleitung 37a, eine Drosselanordnung 38a und eine Düse 39a zu der Bahn 3 geleitet, die sie durchsetzt. Die von der Bahn beeinflusste Luft gelangt über einen Kanal 41a zu einem Messwertumsetzer 42a, der eine von der Bahndichte abhängige pneumatische Größe der Luft in ein elektrisches Messsignal umsetzt. Dieses Signal wird nach Verstärkung in einem Verstärker 40 dann wieder einem Stellglied 24a (Figur 1), z. B. in Form eines Stellventils 27a zugeführt, das seinen Durchlassquerschnitt entsprechend der gemessenen Dichte des Bahnbereichs 3a, d. h. dem Dichtemesssignal, einstellt.FIG. 3 shows a variant of the invention with a measuring arrangement 18 using pneumatic transducers 35a... 35e for each area 3a... 3e of the filter tow path 3. However, only one pneumatic transmitter 35a for a track area 3a (FIG. Figure 2). Compressed air from a compressed air source 36a is connected via a pipe 37a, a throttle assembly 38a and a nozzle 39a to the Track 3 passed, which interspersed. The air influenced by the web passes via a channel 41a to a measured value converter 42a, which converts a pneumatic density of the air dependent on the web density into an electrical measuring signal. This signal is amplified in an amplifier 40 then an actuator 24 a (Figure 1), z. B. in the form of a control valve 27 a, which adjusts its passage cross section according to the measured density of the web portion 3 a, that is, the density measurement signal.

Figur 4 zeigt eine weitere Variante der Erfindung mit einer Messanordnung 18 unter Verwendung von elektronischen Messwertgebem 45a ...45e für jeden Bereich 3a ...3e der Filter-Tow-Bahn 3. Gezeigt ist allerdings nur ein Messwertgeber 45a für einen Bahnbereich 3a (Figur 2). Eine elektrische oder elektomagnetische Hochfrequenzquelle 46a gibt Hochfrequenzimpulse an eine Elektrodenanordnung 47a, die ein elektrisches oder elektromagnetisches Feld erzeugen. Dieses Feld wird durch die Bahn 3, insbesondere von deren Dichte beeinflusst. Die Änderung einer charakteristischen Größe des Hochfrequenz-Feldes wird von einer Auswertschaltung 48a erfasst und deren von der Bahndichte abhängiges Ausgangssignal über einen Verstärker 49 a einem Stellglied 24a, (Figur 1), z. B. in Form eines Stellventils 27a, zugeführt, das seinen Durchlassquerschnitt entsprechend der gemessenen Dichte des Bahnbereichs 3a, d. h. dem Dichtemesssignal, einstellt.FIG. 4 shows a further variant of the invention with a measuring arrangement 18 using electronic measured value transmitters 45a... 45e for each area 3a... 3e of the filter tow path 3. However, only one measuring transmitter 45a for a track area 3a (FIG. Figure 2). An electric or electromagnetic high-frequency source 46a supplies high-frequency pulses to an electrode assembly 47a, which generate an electric or electromagnetic field. This field is influenced by the web 3, in particular by their density. The change of a characteristic size of the high-frequency field is detected by an evaluation circuit 48a and their dependent on the train density output signal via an amplifier 49a an actuator 24a, (Figure 1), z. B. in the form of a control valve 27 a, which has its passage cross-section corresponding to the measured density of the web portion 3 a, d. H. the density measurement signal.

Claims (17)

  1. Method for feeding a preferably liquid additive on to a moving tow of filter material comprising spread filaments, characterised in that the density of the tow is detected transversely to its direction of movement and in that the feeding of the additive to the tow takes place in dependence on the density.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the density of individual zones of the tow is detected.
  3. Method according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterised in that the density is detected by means of radiation, preferably light, passing through the tow.
  4. Method according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterised in that the density is detected by means of gas, preferably air, flowing through the tow.
  5. Method according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterised in that the density is detected by means of electrical or electromagnetic fields passing through the tow.
  6. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feeding of the additive to the tow is effected by means of controllable actuators.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the actuators associated with a single tow zone in each case are controlled by density measurement signals which are formed from associated zones of the tow.
  8. Method according to claim 6 and/or 7, characterised in that the actuators are formed by valves or metering pumps arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the tow.
  9. Method according to claim 7 and/or 8, characterised in that the actuators are controlled in an analogue or digital manner.
  10. Apparatus for feeding a preferably liquid additive on to a moving tow of filter material comprising spread filaments, characterised by a meaeuxing arrangement (18) which detects the density of the tow (3) transversely to its direction of movement and which is connected to at least one actuator (24) for feeding the additive to the tow.
  11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterised by a density measuring arrangement (18) including a plurality of measuring elements (19a...19e, 35a...35e, 45a...45e) which are each associated with a zone (3a...3e) of the tow (3) and are each connected to an actuator (24a...24e).
  12. Apparatus according to claim 10 and/or 11, characterised by measuring elements (19a...19e) for detecting radiation, preferably light, passing through the tow (3a...3e).
  13. Apparatus according to claim 10 and/or 11, characterised by measuring elements (35a...35e) for detecting gas, preferably air, flowing through the tow (3a...3e).
  14. Apparatus according to claim 10 and/or 11, characterised by measuring elements (45a...45e) for detecting electrical or electromagnetic fields passing through the tow (3a...3e).
  15. Apparatus according to one or more of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the measuring elements are associated with actuators (24a...24e) arranged downstream of the measuring point (18).
  16. Apparatus according to claims 10, 11 and 15, characterised in that the actuators are in the form of controllable valves (27a...27e) or metering pumps which are arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the tow.
  17. Apparatus according to one or more of claims 10 to 16, characterised by actuators which are controllable continuously or in steps.
EP00125867A 1999-12-08 2000-11-25 Method and apparatus for applying a preferably liquid additive Expired - Lifetime EP1106087B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19959034 1999-12-08
DE19959034A DE19959034B4 (en) 1999-12-08 1999-12-08 Method and device for feeding a preferably liquid additive to a moving web

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EP1106087A2 EP1106087A2 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1106087A3 EP1106087A3 (en) 2005-05-04
EP1106087B1 true EP1106087B1 (en) 2006-04-12

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AT (1) ATE322840T1 (en)
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DE10207357A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2003-09-11 Rhodia Acetow Gmbh Device for the simultaneous, continuous measurement and control of the amount of acetate and triacetin in filter rods in the cigarette industry
EP1389433B1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2007-11-07 Hauni Maschinenbau AG Method and device for supplying an additive, preferably liquid, on a spread moving web of filter material
DE102004004688A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-25 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Separate relaxation and spraying of a filter tinfoil
DE102004021773B4 (en) * 2004-04-30 2007-02-22 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Scraper and sprayer for filter tow
DE102004051926A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Filter manufacturing method and apparatus
GB0426615D0 (en) 2004-12-03 2005-01-05 Filtrona Suisse Sa Tobacco smoke filter
DE102005015877A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2006-10-12 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and device for applying triacetin to a filter material web
DE102005038728B3 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-03-29 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and device for supplying an additive to a filter material web
ITBO20060601A1 (en) * 2006-08-11 2006-11-10 Gd Spa DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FILTERING MATERIAL FOR SMOKE ITEMS.
DE102008057457A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Hauni Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft Device for transporting a filter tow strip
DE102009016500B4 (en) 2009-04-08 2024-02-08 Körber Technologies Gmbh Method for operating a filter rod machine and filter rod machine
UA116855C2 (en) * 2014-07-18 2018-05-10 Джапан Тобакко Інк. Apparatus and method for producing cigarette filter
DE102015108968A1 (en) 2015-06-08 2016-12-08 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Method, applicator and machine for producing a filter strand of the tobacco processing industry

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DE2814605A1 (en) * 1978-04-05 1979-10-18 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPREADING A MOVING AIR-PERMEABLE WEB OF FABRIC
US4511420A (en) * 1980-12-16 1985-04-16 Molins, Ltd. Continuous rod manufacture
IT1235463B (en) * 1986-11-28 1992-07-30 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg PROCEDURE AND DEVICE TO PRODUCE A LODGING OF FIBERS FROM THE TOBACCO PROCESSING INDUSTRY
DE4109603A1 (en) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-24 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FILTER RODS FOR CIGARETTES
DE4209606A1 (en) * 1992-03-25 1993-09-30 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and device for treating at least one web of threads filter material for cigarette filters
US5733234A (en) * 1993-07-14 1998-03-31 Rhone-Poulenc Rhodia Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for producing fiber skeins
DE19605618A1 (en) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-21 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and device for determining the density of a fiber strand of the tobacco processing industry

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DE19959034A1 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1106087A2 (en) 2001-06-13
PL344284A1 (en) 2001-06-18
DE50012563D1 (en) 2006-05-24
ATE322840T1 (en) 2006-04-15
PL199485B1 (en) 2008-09-30
EP1106087A3 (en) 2005-05-04
DE19959034B4 (en) 2008-01-17

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