EP1070266A1 - Procede de mesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifs - Google Patents
Procede de mesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1070266A1 EP1070266A1 EP99911877A EP99911877A EP1070266A1 EP 1070266 A1 EP1070266 A1 EP 1070266A1 EP 99911877 A EP99911877 A EP 99911877A EP 99911877 A EP99911877 A EP 99911877A EP 1070266 A1 EP1070266 A1 EP 1070266A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- barrel
- tritium
- measuring
- radioactive waste
- partial pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the tritium activity of a radioactive waste drum.
- Tritium is a radionuclide found in radioactive waste. It is an unstable isotope of hydrogen. Its disintegration into 3 helium is accompanied by the emission of a ⁇ particle with a negative charge which corresponds to an electron. The paths of these ⁇ particles are extremely short. They do not exceed 6 ⁇ m in water and 5.7 mm in air. This property excludes any possibility of detection of tritium radiation through the walls of drums or in solid or liquid waste.
- Tritium is also present in organic solid waste, for example poly (ethylene / vinyl acetate) or EVA or poly
- Ci result in one year a clearance d, helium 3 leading to a concentration of 0.0055 ppm of this gas in a volume of 200 liters.
- Tritium is radioactive ⁇ " . It decays giving 3 helium, an electron and an antineutrino depending on the reaction:
- the radioactive period of tritium is the radioactive period of tritium
- N 3He quantity of 3 helium formed during the period t
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for measuring the tritium activity of a radioactive waste barrel containing a quantity of radioactive waste and a free volume, consisting in measuring the quantity of 3 He produced by the disintegration of the tritium contained in said radioactive waste for a determined period and to deduce therefrom the corresponding activity of tritium contained in said radioactive waste.
- the amount of 3.3 He produced can advantageously be evaluated by a leak detector.
- the tritiated waste enclosed in the bags generally behaves like a single source of 3 helium which flows into the free volume of the barrel.
- the partial pressure of the gas present is a function of the flow rate of 3 helium from the tritium source (therefore of the activity), the free volume and the tightness of the barrel (part of the created gas escapes), the confinement time.
- the measurement can be carried out in three stages: calibration and measurement of the concentration of 3 helium, measurement of the free volume in the barrel, measurement of the tightness of the barrel.
- the method according to the invention can therefore comprise the following operations: a) taking a sample of the gas contained in the barrel and evaluating the quantity d
- parasitic gases are removed from the sample taken before evaluating the amount of IJ He.
- said evaluation may include the comparison of the sample taken with a gas at the same pressure and with a known 3 He concentration.
- Operation b) can be carried out by injecting a known quantity of 4 He into the barrel, then by measuring the partial pressure d , 4 He into the barrel, finally by determining the free volume of said barrel from the known quantity d , He and the measurement of the partial pressure of 4 He.
- This partial pressure measurement d , 4 He can be obtained by taking a sample of the gas contained in the barrel and evaluation of the quantity of 4 He contained in this sample by a leak detector.
- Operation c) can be carried out by injecting a known quantity of 4 He into the barrel, then by measuring the partial pressure of 4 He in the barrel for the first time, then after a period determined relative to said first time , by measuring a second time the partial pressure of 4 He in the barrel, the leak rate of the barrel being calculated from these partial pressure values of 4 He and the said time determined between these partial pressure measurements.
- the measurement of said quantity of 3 He produced can simply be obtained by placing the barrel in an enclosure intended to collect the 3 He leaking from the barrel and evaluating this quantity of 3 He by the leak detector.
- the appended figure shows a barrel 1 closed by a cover 6 and containing radioactive waste 2 placed in PVC bags and leaving a free volume 3 in the barrel.
- Reference 4 designates a leak detector provided with a mass spectrometer.
- a test tube 5, with a capacity of the order of 2 liters, allows a sample of gas to be taken from the free volume 3 of the barrel, through the cover 6.
- the signal delivered by a leak detector depends, among other things, on the value of the flow of tracer gas and the pressure of the tracer gas located upstream of this leak.
- the 3 He concentration of the sample tubes is deduced after calibration under the same conditions as test tubes with known 3 He concentration.
- the 3 He concentration in the sample tubes is low, of the order of one part per billion.
- a pressure of the order of 10 millibars can be reached in the test piece. Under these conditions, the 3 He concentration in the test tube is multiplied by a factor of 100.
- test tube 5 is connected to the leak detector via a micrometric valve 8.
- the sample to be checked is then placed upstream of the calibrated leak of the detector 4.
- the calibration is carried out by replacing the sampled gas with a gas at the same pressure and with a known 3 He concentration.
- the measure of free volume (which is the volume offered at 3 He, i.e. the volume surrounding the bags of waste and the volume in the bags in which 1 J He can diffuse) of the barrel 1 made by injecting a known quantity of 4 He into the barrel. After diffusion of this gas in the barrel volume, the partial pressure of He is measured using the technique used for 3 He. We deduce the free volume by the relation:
- the leak rate Q barrel of the barrel is a function of the pressure variation in the free volume. This function follows the law of the diffusion of helium through polymers:
- the partial pressure of 3 He inside the barrel is such that the system stabilizes.
- the apparent leakage from the barrel is equal to the flow from the tritium source (the 3 He which is created). Under these conditions, sampling from the barrel is no longer necessary. It is enough to measure the apparent leakage of the barrel to know its tritium activity. This measurement can be made by placing the 200-liter barrel for about 20 hours in a slightly larger enclosure, in order to limit the dead volume to around twenty liters, and by measuring the concentration in ° He as before.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804302A FR2777090B1 (fr) | 1998-04-07 | 1998-04-07 | Procede de msesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifs |
FR9804302 | 1998-04-07 | ||
PCT/FR1999/000785 WO1999051997A1 (fr) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-04-06 | Procede de mesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1070266A1 true EP1070266A1 (fr) | 2001-01-24 |
EP1070266B1 EP1070266B1 (fr) | 2003-06-25 |
Family
ID=9524939
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99911877A Expired - Lifetime EP1070266B1 (fr) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-04-06 | Procede de mesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifs |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6731714B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1070266B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002510800A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2324890C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69909074T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777090B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2225016C2 (fr) |
UA (1) | UA57136C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999051997A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8597471B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2013-12-03 | Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. | Heat driven concentrator with alternate condensers |
TWI460460B (zh) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-11-11 | Inst Nuclear Energy Res Atomic Energy Council | 用過核子燃料貯存桶頂部輻射偵檢裝置 |
RU2696811C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-08-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (Институт геологии и минералогии СО РАН, ИГМ СО РАН) | Способ определения объемной активности трития в горючем природном газе или попутном нефтяном газе скважин нефтяных и газовых месторождений |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2331209A1 (de) * | 1973-06-19 | 1975-01-16 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Einrichtung zur aktivitaetsueberwachung |
US4075312A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1978-02-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for recovering evolved hydrogen enriched with at least one heavy hydrogen isotope |
US4196176A (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-04-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method and apparatus for controlling accidental releases of tritium |
DE2905094C2 (de) * | 1979-02-10 | 1982-03-18 | GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH, 4300 Essen | Abschirmtransport- und/oder Abschirmlagerbehälter |
DE2950198A1 (de) * | 1979-12-13 | 1981-06-19 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Einrichtung und verfahren zur lagerung von verbrauchten brennelementen |
DE3025795C2 (de) * | 1980-07-08 | 1986-08-28 | GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Überwachung von zwei Dichtungsbarrieren bei Abschirmtransport- und Lagerbehältern für radioaktive Substanzen |
DE3214825C2 (de) * | 1982-04-21 | 1986-09-11 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Krypton aus einem radioaktiven Abgas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US4808831A (en) * | 1987-03-25 | 1989-02-28 | Bioscan, Inc. | Container for wet and dry radioactive samples |
FR2620262B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-11-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et installation de traitement de dechets organiques solides contamines par du tritium |
JPH0424583A (ja) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-01-28 | Toshiba Corp | トリチウム計測装置 |
US5089214A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-02-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Apparatus for monitoring the pressure within a cask containing radioactive material |
US5080693A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-01-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Tritium monitor and collection system |
JPH07151879A (ja) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-06-16 | Toshiba Corp | トリチウム燃料サイクルシステム |
US5473643A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1995-12-05 | Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Company | Corrosion testing using isotopes |
US5464988A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Tritium waste package |
-
1998
- 1998-04-07 FR FR9804302A patent/FR2777090B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-06 CA CA002324890A patent/CA2324890C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-06 JP JP2000542680A patent/JP2002510800A/ja active Pending
- 1999-04-06 RU RU2000128018/28A patent/RU2225016C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-06 US US09/647,735 patent/US6731714B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-06 DE DE69909074T patent/DE69909074T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-06 WO PCT/FR1999/000785 patent/WO1999051997A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-06 EP EP99911877A patent/EP1070266B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 UA UA2000106058A patent/UA57136C2/uk unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9951997A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2324890A1 (fr) | 1999-10-14 |
EP1070266B1 (fr) | 2003-06-25 |
FR2777090A1 (fr) | 1999-10-08 |
UA57136C2 (uk) | 2003-06-16 |
DE69909074D1 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
CA2324890C (fr) | 2006-12-05 |
JP2002510800A (ja) | 2002-04-09 |
WO1999051997A1 (fr) | 1999-10-14 |
RU2225016C2 (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
US6731714B1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
DE69909074T2 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
FR2777090B1 (fr) | 2000-05-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Peterson et al. | Comparison of measurement methods for radium‐226 on manganese‐fiber | |
Berelson et al. | A technique for the rapid extraction of radon-222 from water samples and a case study | |
Wang et al. | Stable mercury isotopes stored in Masson Pinus tree rings as atmospheric mercury archives | |
de Krom et al. | Comparability of calibration strategies for measuring mercury concentrations in gas emission sources and the atmosphere | |
Tomicic et al. | Experimental study of H 2 SO 4 aerosol nucleation at high ionization levels | |
EP1070266B1 (fr) | Procede de mesure de l'activite tritium d'un fut de dechets radioactifs | |
Hutchings et al. | Optimization of the Picarro L2140-i cavity ring down spectrometer for routine measurement of triple oxygen isotope ratios in meteoric waters | |
EP2769208B1 (fr) | Procédé de caractérisation d'un matériau | |
Hamme et al. | Measurement of dissolved neon by isotope dilution using a quadrupole mass spectrometer | |
EP1697740B1 (fr) | Procédé; et dispositif de suivi de la dilution de l'huile lubrifiante par le carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne | |
EP2393087B1 (fr) | Procédé de détermination d'intensité d'émission de rayonnement gamma d'un radioélément | |
US5156041A (en) | Method and apparatus for determining permeation behavior of foreign molecules through solids | |
Gačnik et al. | Behavior of KCl sorbent traps and KCl trapping solutions used for atmospheric mercury speciation: stability and specificity | |
Mas et al. | Optimization of AlphaGUARD AquaKIT set-up for analysis of radon in water using stainless-steel bottles and its validation through IAEA standard samples | |
FR2554232A1 (fr) | Procede non destructif pour determiner l'exposition d'un objet aux neutrons, et determiner des concentrations de constituants dans cet objet | |
WO2007006757A1 (fr) | Procede de controle du taux de fuite des filtres a charbon actif | |
Holler et al. | Minimization of errors in fixed-time reaction rate methods by optimization of measurement time | |
Doran et al. | An improved method for measuring soil microbial activity by gas phase flow injection analysis | |
Bacon | Applications of Pb-210/Ra-226 and Po-210/Pb-210 disequilibria in the study of marine geochemical processes | |
Kim et al. | The comparisons of real-time ammonia adsorption measurement in varying inlet tubes and the different ammonia measurement methods in the atmosphere | |
Michelutti et al. | A test of the possible influence of seabird activity on the 210 Pb flux in high Arctic ponds at Cape Vera, Devon Island, Nunavut: implications for radiochronology | |
Brown et al. | Precise ruthenium fission product isotopic analysis using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) | |
FR3041106A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'analyse in situ d'un dechet radiologique contenant l'isotope chlore 36 | |
Mabry et al. | Development of the 3 He mass spectrometric low-level tritium analytical facility at the IAEA | |
Demange et al. | A review of the different methods to quantify tritium inside waste drums via helium-3 mass spectrometric measurements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20001004 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE GB IT SE |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE GB IT SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69909074 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20030731 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20031029 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040326 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20080428 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20080616 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20080429 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20080408 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20080409 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE *ATOMIQUE Effective date: 20090430 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20090406 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091103 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090406 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090406 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090407 |