EP1069986A1 - Method for producing a web-like fibrous structure - Google Patents
Method for producing a web-like fibrous structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1069986A1 EP1069986A1 EP99933291A EP99933291A EP1069986A1 EP 1069986 A1 EP1069986 A1 EP 1069986A1 EP 99933291 A EP99933291 A EP 99933291A EP 99933291 A EP99933291 A EP 99933291A EP 1069986 A1 EP1069986 A1 EP 1069986A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibrous structure
- fibres
- partial
- partial fibrous
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a web-like fibrous structure, by building this structure up from a plurality of mutually adjoining layers of fibres, each layer comprising a large number of fibres which are arranged parallel to one another and are at substantially equal distances from one another, and the directions of the fibres of the various layers forming predetermined angles with one another, so that the fibres intersect one another, while the various layers are joined together at the loca- tions of intersections of the fibres by means of joining fibres .
- a method of this nature is generally known and is used to produce fibrous structure materials which exhibit sufficient cohesion for it to be possible to handle and use them as reinforcement material for thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers.
- connection between the various layers of the fibrous structure is obtained by joining together the fibres of the various layers at the location of the intersections of the fibres, by means of joining fibres.
- a material of this nature is used, for example, to produce, inter alia, covering material for aircraft, to which end the fibrous structure is impregnated with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, after which, as a result of solidification or curing, a strong material which is easy to handle and is eminently suitable for the above purpose is obtained.
- a drawback of a known fibrous structure of this nature when employed as reinforcement material for, for example, material for the internal lining of aircraft is that, in view of current requirements, the material does not yet impart sufficient strength to covering materials of this nature. Owing to the nature of the types of machine used, it is not easy to increase the number of layers, and moreover the results in tests have shown that this does not result in an improvement which outweighs the complication of producing materials with large numbers of layers, for example more than four layers .
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type indicated which makes it possible, as desired, to produce a web-like fibrous structure which is composed of more layers than has hitherto been customary, i.e. of more than four layers, which method can be carried out on existing equipment and provides a material with considerably improved properties.
- the method of the type indicated is characterized in that, in a first step, a first partial fibrous structure is produced, with a structure as indicated above, using first joining fibres and, in a second step, in a similar way, a second partial fibrous structure is formed bearing against the first partial fibrous structure using second joining fibres which also join together the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure, and the first and second partial fibrous structures bear against one another in a bearing plane.
- the web-like fibrous structure obtained using the method according to the invention can, by means of this method, be produced in a greater thickness than has hitherto been customary, specifically by, in a second operation, using the same machine which has been used for a previously formed partial fibrous structure to form a second partial fibrous structure which, on the basis of the method, is joined to the first partial fibrous structure with the aid of second joining fibres.
- the material which is obtained without particular problems using conventional devices, provides excellent strength, imparting a quasi- isotropic characteristic to the material.
- a fibre-reinforced plastic material of this nature exhibits substantially the same tensile strength in virtually all directions in the horizontal plane, while the strength in the vertical direction, perpendicular to the surface of a fibre-reinforced plastic material of this nature, is considerably increased by the enlarged number of fibrous layers, an effect which is contributed to considerably by the numerous joins by means of the joining fibres at the locations of the intersections of the fibres.
- first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure are positioned in such a manner with respect to one another that the intersections of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure, in perpendicular projection onto the bearing plane between them, coincide.
- a highly attractive embodiment of the method accor- ding to the invention involves arranging the layers of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure mirror-symmetrically with respect to the bearing plane. This is because it has been found that this mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the layers with respect to the common bearing plane between the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure results in a symmetrical formation which, when the complete web-like fibrous structure is used to reinforce plastics, leads to extremely good results.
- the increased thickness with fibres in many directions firstly creates a substantially isotropic characteristic in the reinforced plastic material in the plane of a reinforced plastic material of this nature which is made in panel form.
- the symmetry around the bearing plane in addition to providing an extremely high strength in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a material of this nature, also results in a very good absorption of forces in the plane of a reinforced plastic material of this nature, in all directions.
- the presence of a large number of joining elements in the form of joining fibres at the location of the intersections of the fibres of the two partial fibrous struc- tures furthermore produces a high resistance to delamination, and in particular to delamination in the event of a considerable increase in temperature, such as in the event of fire.
- the FAA Federal Aviation Administration
- the FAA provides regulations for withstanding tests under kerosene fires. A flame at a temperature of ⁇ 1000°C is formed; the barrier action of a material which is being tested must be at least 5 minutes .
- the material according to the invention which comprises two coupled-together partial fibrous structures withstands a test of this nature without problems.
- Improvement 1 results from the bundles of fibres being arranged at a number of different angles.
- Improvements 2 and 3 result from the presence of the stitch joins which are formed with the aid of second joining fibres. This arrangement considerably strengthens the so-called Z direction (i.e. the direction perpendicular to the surface of the reinforced material) , resulting in a resistance to delamination .
- the second joining fibres join the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure at the locations of the intersections, which coincide when projected onto the bearing plane.
- joining fibres may also join together the various layers of fibres or partial fibrous structures at any other locations outside the intersections of the fibres, by means of stitching; preferably, however, the joins are made, by means of second joining fibres, at the locations of the intersections, which coincide when projected, as mentioned above.
- intersections may comprise more fibres than other intersections.
- the second joining fibres join the first and second partial fibrous structures at least at the locations of the intersections, which coincide in projection, of the highest number of mutually intersecting fibres .
- the intersections with the highest numbers of intersecting fibres of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure coincide in projection, and that a join is made at these intersections, preferably with the aid of the second joining fibres .
- joining fibres it is obvious that, as desired, it is possible to provide one ore more joining fibres per intersection, in order to join the fibres which intersect one another at the intersection together securely over the entire thickness of the assembled partial fibrous structures.
- the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure each comprise four layers, while the orientation of the fibres in the layers is respectively 0, 90, +(30-60) and -(30-60) degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the web of assembled partial fibrous structures; in particular 0, 90, +45 and -45 degrees.
- the method according to the invention described above relates to the formation of a web-like fibrous structure which is composed of a first partial fibrous structure which is produced in a first step and a second partial fibrous structure which is formed thereon, in a second step, and is joined to the first partial fibrous structure with the aid of second joining fibres.
- the method is not limited to two partial fibrous structures; more than two partial fibrous structures may also be joined together in the manner described.
- the second partial fibrous structure does not per se have to be formed on a first partial fibrous structure which has already been formed. It is also possible for the two partial fibrous structures to be formed separately and then placed together and joined by means of joining fibres with the aid of stitching or any other suitable joining method.
- the invention also relates to a covering material made from fibre-reinforced plastic in which, according to the invention, the plastic is reinforced with a web-like fibrous structure as obtained using the method according to the invention.
- the material with a web-like fibrous structure as obtained according to the invention is suitable for numerous applications in reinforced plastic materials, in which the plastic may be of thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
- thermoplastics which may be mentioned are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and numer- ous others.
- thermosetting plastics which may be mentioned are phenolic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, etc .
- the covering material made from fibre-reinforced plastic in which a web-like fibrous structure according to the invention is incorporated may, of course, be in numerous forms, such as tubes, corrugated sheet, panel, section, etc .
- the covering material is a flat panel and, as such, can be used as a covering material in the aeronautical industry, such as for wall and floor lining.
- the invention also relates to a panel structure in sandwich form, at least comprising a core layer with a top side and an underside, and two layers of covering material which bear against the top side and the underside and are joined to the core layer, in which structure, highly advan- tageously, the covering material is a covering material according to the invention and as described above.
- a sandwich-like panel structure of this nature is known per se, for example from Canadian Patent 1,339,567 in the name of the applicant.
- covering material according to the invention which is composed of two joined-together partial fibrous structures which function as a reinforcement for thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer in a panel structure in sandwich form, on the top side and underside, it is possible to obtain an extremely strong, resistant panel structure which is suitable for many uses, such as in aircraft construction as a cabin lining, for floor applications, while obviously it is also true that the covering material according to the invention, as well as the panel structure according to the invention, can be used with equal success in vehicles, vessels, buildings, houses, portable offices, etc.
- the fibres which can be used for producing the partial fibrous structures are the customary fibres, such as glass fibres, aramid fibres, thermoplastic fibres, such as polyester, carbon fibres, ceramic fibres, etc.
- the stitching with the aid of the joining fibres may generally be carried out with all kinds of fibres, stitched glass and polyester fibres being preferred.
- 220 detex glass thread can be used to obtain very good results .
- the number of joining points per unit surface area is obviously dependent on the fibre thickness employed and the distance between the fibres.
- Typical fibre grades for glass fibre or polyester may, for example, be 2000 denier, while the joining threads are 60 denier, i.e. considerably thinner.
- a typical join density is, for example, 81 joining points per square inch;
- a typical thickness of a web-like fibrous structure composed of two partial fibrous structures, in which each partial fibrous structure is composed of four layers of fibres, is between 0.6 and 1.2 mm; the thickness is typi- cally approximately 0.8 mm.
- Figs. 1A and IB respectively show a diagrammatic plan view and a diagrammatic side view of a partial fibrous structure which is composed of four layers of fibres.
- Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a fibrous structure composed of two partial fibrous structures
- Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows the arrangement of the layers of two joined-together partial fibrous struc- tures, in a preferred embodiment.
- the fibres are denoted by 1, 2, 3 and 4, fibres 4, for example, being parallel to the longitudinal direction of the web-like fibrous structure; the fibres 3 are perpendicular thereto, and the fibres 1 and 2 form angles of +45 and -45 degrees, respectively, with the longitudinal direction of the web-like fibrous structure.
- 5 Denotes joining threads which are processed into a stitched arrangement which, at the locations of the intersections with the highest density, surrounds the entire stack of fibres (cf. Fig. IB) .
- the fibres are not penetrated during stitching, so that they retain their original strength.
- Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows an assembly of a first partial fibrous structure 21 and a second partial fibrous structure 22, with a bearing plane 23.
- Both partial fibrous structures are composed of four layers of fibres, as indicated diagrammatically.
- the partial fibrous structure 21 is produced in a machine which is known per se, after which the partial fibrous structure 21 formed in this way is again introduced into the machine, in order to form the partial fibrous structure 22 which is joined to the partial fibrous structure 21.
- the partial fibrous structures bear against one another in the bearing plane 23.
- Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows the arrangement of the various layers for a web-like fibrous structure according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment.
- the first partial fibrous structure comprises layers of fibres 31, 32, 33 and 34 which, in a manner known per se, are joined together by means of vertical joins between the layers.
- the resultant partial fibrous structure is again introduced into the machine, and then the second partial fibrous stru- cture is formed on the first partial fibrous structure, the layers 31', 32', 33' and 34' being arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the layers of the first partial fibrous structure, and the bearing plane 35 functioning as the mirror plane .
- the resultant web-like fibrous structure which is composed of two partial fibrous structures, when used for reinforcing a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, imparts a substantially isotropic strength characteristic to this polymer in the plane of the material formed in this way, and/or imparts a very high strength in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plastic material reinforced in this way.
- the core which is to be used, that the latter may take numerous forms, such as a foamed structure, a honeycomb structure, aluminium, paper, etc.
- the layers of covering material which bear against the top side and underside may be joined to the core layer in various ways, for example by means of adhesive bonding; the attachment may, of course, also be mechanical, by means of rivets, screws, etc.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1009684 | 1998-07-17 | ||
NL1009684A NL1009684C1 (nl) | 1998-07-17 | 1998-07-17 | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een baanvormige vezelstructuur; bekledingsmateriaal dat met een dergelijke vezelstructuur is versterkt en plaatstructuur die een dergelijk bekledingsmateriaal omvat. |
PCT/NL1999/000457 WO2000003869A1 (en) | 1998-07-17 | 1999-07-16 | Method for producing a web-like fibrous structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1069986A1 true EP1069986A1 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
Family
ID=19767517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99933291A Withdrawn EP1069986A1 (en) | 1998-07-17 | 1999-07-16 | Method for producing a web-like fibrous structure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1069986A1 (nl) |
AU (1) | AU4936599A (nl) |
NL (1) | NL1009684C1 (nl) |
WO (1) | WO2000003869A1 (nl) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1012639C1 (nl) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-01-22 | Adprotech B V | Luchtvrachtbeladingseenheid met vezelversterkte kunststofplaten. |
CN111300844B (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-03-22 | 成都东日瑞姆机械有限公司 | 一次成型各向同性的聚氨酯复合轨枕成型设备及方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3769142A (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1973-10-30 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Non-woven locked ply composite structure |
GB1364076A (en) * | 1972-08-29 | 1974-08-21 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Structural materials |
FR2315562A1 (fr) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-01-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositifs de fabrication de corps ou pieces en tissus tri-dimensionnels |
NL8802022A (nl) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-03-01 | Adprotech B V | Vlak sandwichvormig lichaam. |
ES2031764A6 (es) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-12-16 | Invest De La Ind Textil Asoc D | Tejidos multidireccionales multicapa de composicion variable como estructuras de refuerzo aplicables a la fabricacion de vigas perfiles y bastidores en materiales compuestos. |
-
1998
- 1998-07-17 NL NL1009684A patent/NL1009684C1/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-07-16 AU AU49365/99A patent/AU4936599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-16 EP EP99933291A patent/EP1069986A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-16 WO PCT/NL1999/000457 patent/WO2000003869A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0003869A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4936599A (en) | 2000-02-07 |
WO2000003869A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
NL1009684C1 (nl) | 2000-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2247802B1 (en) | Fiber reinforced core panel | |
US6187411B1 (en) | Stitch-reinforced sandwich panel and method of making same | |
US5429066A (en) | Composite structures and method of making composite structures | |
US4963408A (en) | Structural unitary composite laminate structure and method for making same | |
US6355584B1 (en) | Complex fabric having layers made from glass fibers and tissue paper | |
US7087296B2 (en) | Energy absorbent laminate | |
EP2365907B1 (en) | A composite laminate structure | |
EP0719635B1 (en) | Laminated structure of fiber reinforced plastics and shock-absorbing structure | |
EP0075033B1 (en) | Sheet material, process for its production and a composite structure | |
US20060222837A1 (en) | Multi-axial laminate composite structures and methods of forming the same | |
US20070071957A1 (en) | Structural composite material for acoustic damping | |
US20170021596A1 (en) | Fiber Reinforced Core | |
US3996084A (en) | Lock core panel | |
US5891541A (en) | Forming a continuous reinforced composite material | |
JP3530956B2 (ja) | 複合強化原糸を用いた複合材料及びその製造法並びに構造体 | |
EP1069986A1 (en) | Method for producing a web-like fibrous structure | |
USH47H (en) | Panel with aramid honeycomb core | |
JP2000085044A (ja) | 多層強化繊維シートおよび構造物の補修・補強方法 | |
JPH01157840A (ja) | 強化コア層を有するサンドイツチ板 | |
JP2004115995A (ja) | 複合強化原糸を用いた編成物 | |
WO2000053408A1 (en) | Laminate of metal layers which are connected by a fibre-reinforced adhesive | |
JPH09118761A (ja) | 強化繊維シート | |
GB2378961A (en) | Composite structure with fibres orientated along primary stress lines |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20001010 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20030201 |