EP1067274B1 - Rotordichtung - Google Patents

Rotordichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067274B1
EP1067274B1 EP00305588A EP00305588A EP1067274B1 EP 1067274 B1 EP1067274 B1 EP 1067274B1 EP 00305588 A EP00305588 A EP 00305588A EP 00305588 A EP00305588 A EP 00305588A EP 1067274 B1 EP1067274 B1 EP 1067274B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
rotor
gas turbine
turbine engine
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00305588A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1067274A1 (de
Inventor
John Paul Barton
Dale Edward Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce PLC
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce PLC filed Critical Rolls Royce PLC
Publication of EP1067274A1 publication Critical patent/EP1067274A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1067274B1 publication Critical patent/EP1067274B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F01D11/006—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
    • F01D11/008—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor by spacer elements between the blades, e.g. independent interblade platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
    • F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
    • F02K3/06—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to seals and in particular to seals interposed between the platforms of blades in a rotor.
  • a conventional fan rotor for compressing air comprises a disc having a plurality of radially extending blades mounted thereon.
  • the fan blades are mounted on the disc by inserting the radially inner end of the blades in correspondingly shaped retention grooves in the radially outer face of the disc.
  • the fan blades do not have platforms so separate wall members bridge the space between pairs of adjacent blades to define the inner annulus wall for the compressed air. Each wall member is separated from the adjacent blades by a small gap, which accommodate manufacturing tolerances and changes to the blade shape during operation of rotor.
  • seals made from resilient materials, which are bonded to the edges of the wall members adjacent the blades to seal the gap therebetween.
  • the seals are designed to be urged radially outward into engagement with the blades as the rotor rotates.
  • EP-0640172 which is owned by the applicant.
  • the resilient seal strip has an undulating flange portion which is inclined radially inward.
  • the flange portion is deflected radially outwards by centrifugal forces as the rotor rotates and engages with the adjacent fan blades to seal between the wall members and the adjacent blades.
  • the undulations are substantially sinusoidal and enhance the flexibility of the seal member. The undulations however create smaller voids in which air re-circulates to disrupt the airflow in the blade passage.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved seal in which seal voids are minimised to avoid re-circulation and so improve the aerodynamic performance of the seal.
  • a seal for reducing the gap between adjacent members which are arranged circumferentially in a rotor the seal has a flange portion which is inclined radially inwards, a cavity is located in the flange portion of the seal whereby in operation the flange position is deflected radially outwards and the cavity fills with a fluid to inflate the seal.
  • the cavity has at least one opening which is in communication with a fluid which in operation passes through the rotor.
  • the fluid which passes into the cavity to inflate the seal is preferably air.
  • the seal consists of a bellows which define the cavity.
  • the bellows may be formed from a resilient material such as rubber.
  • the rubber is reinforced.
  • the rubber may be reinforced by at least one carbon composite member.
  • the carbon composite may be either a single strip having slots therein, to render it sufficiently flexible to accommodate the curvature of the adjacent blades, or a plurality of discrete carbon composite panels.
  • the seal may be further reinforced with a fabric such as polyester.
  • the fabric reinforcement may extend around the carbon composite member.
  • a gas turbine engine 10 which operates in conventional manner has a fan rotor 12 arranged at its upstream end.
  • the fan rotor 12 consists of a number of fan blades 14, which are mounted on a radially outer face 18, figure 2, of a disc 16.
  • the fan blades are curved in an axially extending direction.
  • the fan blades 14 do not have platforms and wall members 20 bridge the spaces between adjacent pairs of blades 14.
  • the wall members 20 are fastened to the radially outer face 18 of the disc 16 and define the inner wall of a flow annulus for air compressed by the fan.
  • Each wall member 20, figure 3, consists of a platform 22 having a foot 24.
  • the foot 24 extends radially inwardly of the platform 22 and engages in the radially outer face 18 of the disc 16.
  • the foot 24 has a dovetail cross-section and engages a complementary shaped groove in the outer face 18 of the disc 16. It will however be appreciated that the feet 24 could be attached to the disc by other means such as hooks (not shown).
  • the platform 22 has axially extending side edges 26 that are in close proximity to the adjacent fan blade 14.
  • the side edges 26 of the platform 22 are curved to follow the curvature of the adjacent fan blades 14.
  • a void 28 exists between the platform 22 of each wall member 20 and the radially outer face of the disc 18.
  • the void 28 is full of air, which is at a higher static pressure than air above the platform 22 in the blade passages.
  • Seals 30 are provided to bridge the gap between the edge 26 of the platform 22 and the blades 14. The seals 30 prevent air flowing from the void 28 into the blade passage.
  • Each side edge 26, figure 4, of the platform 22 is provided with a seal 30.
  • the seal 30 is moulded in silicone rubber and is bonded along the edge 26 of the platform 22 by an adhesive 29, such as silicone sealant.
  • the seal 30 consists of rubber bellows 32 which have a cavity 34 therein.
  • the cavity 34 is open at one end adjacent the rear of the rotor 12.
  • pressurised air fills the cavity 34 and inflates the rubber bellows 32.
  • the seal 30 expands and is urged into abutment with the adjacent blade 14.
  • Inflation of the rubber bellows 32 ensures that the seal 30 expands to fill the gap between the edges 26 of the wall member 20 and the blades 14. A good seal is thus maintained throughout operation of the rotor 12 and prevents the air in the void 28 passing into the blade passage.
  • seal 32 is expandable it can be formed from materials which are not resilient.
  • the seals 30 have a flange portion 36 which is inclined radially inward and has a rigid reinforcement arm 38 embedded therein.
  • the reinforcement arm 38 is made of carbon composite and has slots cut into it which give flexibility so that the seal 30 can accommodate the curvature of the surfaces of the blade 14.
  • the slots in the reinforcement arm 38 may run from one edge to the other, separating the carbon composite into separate panels as shown in figure 7. Alternatively the slots may run only part way up the reinforcement arm 38 to give a comb structure as shown in figure 8 which has a continuous strip of carbon composite 37 along one edge.
  • the edge 37 of the carbon composite reinforcement arm 38 is positioned adjacent the edge 26 of platform 22 and forms a hinge about which the flange portion 36 of the seal 30 can rotate.
  • centrifugal forces act on the flange portion 36 of the seal 30 and urge it radially outward.
  • the flange portion 36 rotates about the hinge under the centrifugal forces.
  • the hinge effect of the reinforcement arm 38 allows the seal 30 to be effective in a wide range of gaps between the edge 26 of the platform 22 and the adjacent blade 14.
  • the rubber bellows 32 is reinforced with a fabric 33, such as polyester.
  • a fabric 33 such as polyester.
  • the reinforcing fabric 33 extends around the free end and up the back of the rigid reinforcement arm 38 for added strength.
  • the reinforcing fabric 33 terminates at the free end of the reinforcing arm 38 to give a lighter construction.
  • the rubber bellows 32 extends above and below the platform 22 of the wall member 20. This enhances the effectiveness of the seal 30 by substantially eliminating any voids between the seal 30 and the adjacent blade 14. Air cannot re-circulate in the seal voids thus preventing any disruption to the airflow in the blade passage.
  • a seal 30 in accordance with the present may be inflated by fluids other than air and may have application other than in the rotor 12 of a gas turbine engine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10), der eine Rotorscheibe (16) mit einer radial äußeren Oberfläche (18) aufweist, auf der mehrere radial verlaufende Schaufeln (14) montiert sind, wobei getrennte Wandglieder (20) vorgesehen sind, um den Zwischenraum zwischen benachbarten Schaufeln (14) zu überbrücken und eine Innenwand eines Ringströmungskanals durch den Rotor (12) zu definieren, wobei jedes Wandglied (20) an der radial äußeren Oberfläche (18) der Scheibe (16) festgelegt ist und gegenüberliegende Seitenränder (26) aufweist, die in Umfangsrichtung von den benachbarten Schaufeln (14) im Abstand liegen und wobei Dichtungen (30) benachbart zu den gegenüberliegenden Seitenrändern (26) der Wandglieder (20) vorgesehen sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine der Dichtungen (30) aufblähbar ist und darin einen Hohlraum (34) aufweist, wobei im Betrieb ein Fluid den Hohlraum (34) anfüllt, um die Dichtung (30) aufzublähen.
  2. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) einen Flanschabschnitt (36) besitzt, der radial nach innen geneigt ist, wodurch im Betrieb des Rotors bewirkt wird, dass der Flanschabschnitt (36) der Dichtung (30) sich radial nach außen unter der Wirkung der Zentrifugalkraft auslenkt.
  3. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (34) im Flanschabschnitt (36) der Dichtung (30) angeordnet ist.
  4. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Öffnung derart vorgesehen ist, dass ein Fluid in den Hohlraum (34) einströmen kann, um die Dichtung (30) aufzublähen.
  5. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid vom Rotor (12) in den Hohlraum (34) einströmt, um die Dichtung (30) aufzublähen.
  6. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid im Rotor und welches die Dichtung (30) aufbläht, Luft ist.
  7. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Balg (32) den Hohlraum (34) definiert.
  8. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Balg (32) aus einem elastischen Material besteht.
  9. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) verstärkt ist.
  10. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) durch einen einzigen Streifen (38) aus Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial verstärkt ist.
  11. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Streifen aus Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial (38) Schlitze darin aufweist, um ihn genügend flexibel zu machen, damit er sich der Krümmung der benachbarten Schaufeln (14) anpassen kann.
  12. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) durch mehrere einzelne Platten aus Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial verstärkt ist.
  13. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) mit einer Stoffverstärkung (33) versehen ist.
  14. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach Anspruch 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung durch Polyester (33) verstärkt ist.
  15. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) nach den Ansprüchen 13 und 14, wenn diese von den Ansprüchen 10 bis 12 abhängen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Stoff (33) um das Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial (38) herum erstreckt.
  16. Dichtung (30) zur Verringerung des Spaltes zwischen benachbarten Gliedern (14, 20), die in Umfangsrichtung in einem Rotor (12) angeordnet sind, wobei die Dichtung (30) einen Flanschabschnitt (36) aufweist, der im Betrieb durch die Zentrifugalkraft in eine Dichtungsposition ausgelenkt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Hohlraum (34) in dem Flanschabschnitt (36) der Dichtung (30) angeordnet ist, wobei der Hohlraum (34) sich mit einem Fluid füllt, um die Dichtung (30) aufzublähen, wenn eine Auslenkung in eine Dichtungsposition erfolgt.
  17. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Öffnung derart vorgesehen ist, dass ein Fluid in den Hohlraum (34) eintreten kann, um die Dichtung aufzublähen.
  18. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 17,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das die Dichtung (30) aufblähende Fluid Luft ist.
  19. Dichtung (30) nach den Ansprüchen 16 bis 18,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum durch einen Balg (32) definiert ist.
  20. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Balg (32) aus einem elastischen Material besteht.
  21. Dichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 20,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) verstärkt ist.
  22. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung durch einen Streifen aus einem Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial (38) verstärkt ist.
  23. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 22,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Streifen aus Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial (38) Schlitze besitzt, um ihn genügend flexibel zu machen, damit er sich der Krümmung benachbarter Glieder (14, 20) anpassen kann.
  24. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 23,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) durch mehrere einzelne Platten aus Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial verstärkt ist.
  25. Dichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 24,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) durch eine Stoffverstärkung (33) verstärkt ist.
  26. Dichtung (30) nach Anspruch 25,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (30) mit Polyester verstärkt ist.
  27. Dichtung (30) nach den Ansprüchen 25 und 26,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Stoffverstärkung (33) um das Kohlenstoffverbundmaterial (38) herum erstreckt.
  28. Rotor (12) für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk (10) mit einer Dichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 27.
EP00305588A 1999-07-06 2000-07-03 Rotordichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1067274B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9915637.4A GB9915637D0 (en) 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 A rotor seal
GB9915637 1999-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1067274A1 EP1067274A1 (de) 2001-01-10
EP1067274B1 true EP1067274B1 (de) 2005-05-18

Family

ID=10856609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00305588A Expired - Lifetime EP1067274B1 (de) 1999-07-06 2000-07-03 Rotordichtung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6514045B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1067274B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60020190T2 (de)
GB (1) GB9915637D0 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10024177B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2018-07-17 United Technologies Corporation Detachable fan blade platform and method of repairing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9915637D0 (en) 1999-09-01
DE60020190T2 (de) 2005-10-13
EP1067274A1 (de) 2001-01-10
DE60020190D1 (de) 2005-06-23
US6514045B1 (en) 2003-02-04

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