EP1064510A1 - Wandsegment für einen brennraum sowie brennraum - Google Patents
Wandsegment für einen brennraum sowie brennraumInfo
- Publication number
- EP1064510A1 EP1064510A1 EP99916770A EP99916770A EP1064510A1 EP 1064510 A1 EP1064510 A1 EP 1064510A1 EP 99916770 A EP99916770 A EP 99916770A EP 99916770 A EP99916770 A EP 99916770A EP 1064510 A1 EP1064510 A1 EP 1064510A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support structure
- heat
- heat protection
- protection element
- separating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/004—Linings or walls comprising means for securing bricks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/04—Supports for linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/002—Wall structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/14—Supports for linings
- F27D1/145—Assembling elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
- F27D1/045—Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes
- F27D2001/047—Lining of cylindrical vessels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wall segment for a combustion chamber to which a hot fluid can be applied, in particular for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
- the invention further relates to a combustion chamber.
- a thermally highly loaded combustion chamber e.g. a furnace, a hot gas duct or a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in which a hot fluid is generated and / or guided, is provided with a lining to protect it from excessive thermal stress.
- the lining is made of heat-resistant material and protects a wall of the combustion chamber from direct contact with the hot fluid and the associated strong thermal stress.
- US Pat. No. 4,840,131 relates to an improved fastening of ceramic lining elements to a wall of an oven.
- a rail system which is fastened to the wall and has a plurality of ceramic rail elements, is provided therein, by means of which the lining elements are held.
- Additional ceramic layers can be provided between a lining element and the wall of the furnace, including a layer of loose, partially compressed ceramic fibers, which layer has at least the same thickness as the ceramic lining elements or a greater thickness.
- the lining elements here have a rectangular shape with a planar surface and consist of a heat-insulating, refractory ceramic fiber material.
- US Pat. No. 4,835,831 also relates to the application of a refractory lining to a wall of an oven, in particular a vertical wall.
- a glass, ceramic or mineral fiber made of glass fiber is placed on the metal wall of the furnace. layer applied. This layer is fixed by metalli ⁇ specific brackets or by adhesive to the wall.
- a wire mesh network with honeycomb-shaped meshes is applied to this layer. The mesh network also serves to secure the layer of ceramic fibers against falling.
- a continuous closed surface made of refractory material is applied to the layer fastened in this way by means of a suitable spray process. The method described largely avoids that refractory particles striking during spraying are thrown back, as would be the case if the refractory particles were sprayed directly onto the metallic wall.
- EP 0 724 116 A2 describes a lining for walls of highly stressed combustion chambers.
- the lining consists of wall elements made of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), which are mechanically attached to a metal support structure (wall) of the combustion chamber by means of a fastening bolt.
- a thick insulation layer is provided between the wall element and the wall of the combustion chamber, so that the wall element is spaced from the wall of the combustion chamber.
- the insulation layer which is three times as thick as the wall element, consists of ceramic fiber material that is prefabricated in blocks. The dimensions and the external shape of the heat protection segments can be adapted to the geometry of the room to be lined.
- the lining consists of heat protection segments that are mechanically held on a metallic wall of the combustion chamber.
- the heat protection segments touch the metallic wall directly.
- the space formed by the wall of the combustion chamber and the heat protection segment is acted upon by cooling air, the so-called sealing air.
- the sealing air prevents the penetration of hot action fluid up to the wall and cools the wall and the heat protection segment at the same time.
- the object of the invention is to provide a wall segment for a combustion chamber to which a hot fluid can be applied, in particular a combustion chamber of a gas turbine. Another task is to provide a heat-resistant combustion chamber.
- a wall segment for a combustion chamber which can be acted upon by a hot fluid, with a metallic support structure and one on the metallic one
- Heat protection element fastened to the support structure the metallic support structure being provided at least in regions with a thin, heat-resistant separating layer, the separating layer being attached between the metallic supporting structure and the heat protection element.
- the object is achieved by a wall segment in which, according to the invention, a metallic, heat-resistant separating layer is attached, at least in regions, between the support structure and the heat protection element.
- the metallic separating layer can be thin.
- the invention is based on the consideration that the heat protection segment and the wall of a combustion chamber mainly consist of relatively inelastic materials such as structural ceramics and metal.
- a disadvantage of such a lining of a combustion chamber is that the heat protection elements directly touch the wall of the combustion chamber.
- the support of the heat protection element on the wall may not always be flat for manufacturing reasons and due to different thermal expansion of the wall and heat protection element. As a result, high local forces can be generated at the contact points.
- the heat protection element and the Wall have different thermal expansion, it may be during a change of the operating state of the combustion chamber, for example during a load change in a Gasturbinenan ⁇ location, due to the high force input at the contact points, under unfavorable circumstances, damage to the heat shield segments and / or the wall join. This can result in gaps between the heat protection element and the wall between the contact points of the heat protection element and the wall where there is no contact. These gaps form hot fluid access channels. In this case, in order to prevent the hot fluid from penetrating, an increased amount of sealing air would be required between the wall and the heat protection element.
- the configuration of a wall segment according to the invention has the advantage that a deformable separating layer inserted between the metallic support structure and the heat protection element can absorb and compensate for possible relative movements of the heat protection element and the support structure.
- Such relative movements can be caused, for example, in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in particular an annular combustion chamber, by different thermal expansion behavior of the materials used or by pulsations in the combustion chamber, which can occur during irregular combustion to generate the hot action fluid or through resonance effects.
- the separating layer causes the relatively inelastic heat protection element to lie flat on the separating layer and the metallic supporting structure, since the heat protection element partially penetrates into the separating layer.
- the separating layer can also compensate for production-related unevenness on the support structure and / or the heat protection element, which can locally lead to an unfavorable selective force input.
- the heat-resistant separating layer inserted between the heat protection element and the metallic support structure is advantageously elastically and / or plastically deformable by the heat protection element.
- the heat protection element can do so partially penetrate the heat-resistant separating layer and deform it and compensate for unevenness in the contact surfaces of the heat protection element and / or the support structure caused by production and / or by the operation of the system.
- the force can be applied to the largely inelastic heat protection element as a whole and the risk of damage to the heat protection element and / or the metallic support structure is lower than in the case of force input via the direct, at least partially selective, contact of the heat protection element and support structure.
- the partial deformation of the separation layer by the heat protection element also leads to a reduction in the gap openings between the heat protection element and the separation layer, which reduces the flow of heat through the hot fluid.
- sealing air can be applied to a cavity formed by the heat protection element and the metallic support structure. The sealing air requirement is reduced by reducing the stomata and reducing the cavity volume through the separating layer.
- the separating layer preferably has a thickness which is less than the height of the heat protection element.
- the height of the heat protection element is understood here to mean the expansion of the heat protection element in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the metallic support structure.
- the height can correspond directly to the layer thickness of the heat protection element. In the case of a curved or curved or hat-shaped heat protection element, on the other hand, the height is greater than the wall thickness of the heat protection element.
- the separating layer can have a layer thickness of up to a few millimeters.
- the layer thickness is preferably less than one millimeter, in particular up to a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the heat-resistant separating layer preferably comprises a metal grid with honeycomb-shaped cells which can be deformed by the heat protection element.
- the advantage of the honeycomb cells of the metal grid are filled with a deformable full material.
- the honeycomb-shaped cells can be made from thin metal sheets that are only a few tenths of a millimeter thick, for example from a nickel-based alloy.
- the full material is preferably in powder form and has a metal and / or a ceramic.
- the ceramic powders can be heated and transported in a plasma jet (atmospheric plasma spraying). Depending on the type of powder and spraying conditions, a layer produced by the powder can be made with more or fewer pores.
- the honeycomb cells are preferably filled with a porous and thus easily deformable and well insulating layer.
- a metallic full material preferably has a heat-resistant alloy, as is also used, for example, in the coating of gas turbine blades.
- a metallic full material has, in particular, a base alloy of the type MCrAlY, where M can stand for nickel, cobalt or iron, Cr for chromium, Al for aluminum and Y for Yt ⁇ um or another reactive element of the rare earths.
- the sealing air requirement is further reduced.
- the action fluid can also be cooled appropriately when the sealing air enters the combustion chamber from the cooler sealing air, which can lead to a reduction in the overall efficiency of a gas turbine system operated with the hot action fluid.
- the reduced sealing air requirement also leads to a lower overall efficiency drop than would be the case with a gas turbine system with heat protection elements without a separating layer. 7
- the heat-resistant separating layer can advantageously also comprise a felt made of thin metal wires.
- a metal felt can also be laid on contours with very small radii of curvature and is therefore particularly suitable as a separating layer for an irregularly shaped support structure in a combustion chamber, e.g. a metallic support structure for receiving heat protection elements in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
- the thickness of the metal felt is chosen so that even larger gap openings between two contact surfaces of a heat protection element and the
- the heat-resistant separating layer is preferably applied as a thin coating on the metallic support structure.
- the heat-resistant separating layer installed between the support structure and the heat protection element is designed to be scale-resistant at a temperature of over 500 ° C., in particular up to approx. 800 ° C.
- the heat protection element is advantageously mechanically connected to the metallic support structure of the combustion chamber. With the help of a mechanical connection, the contact pressure which the mechanical holder exerts on the heat protection element in the direction of the supporting structure and thus the depth of penetration of the heat protection element and the deformation of the heat-resistant separating layer can be adjusted. The remaining stomata and the resulting barrier air requirements can be adapted to the operating conditions and the amount of sealing air available at the respective location.
- the heat protection element is advantageously held on the support structure by a bolt.
- the pin engages approximately in the middle of the heat protection element in order to introduce the contact pressure as centrally as possible into the heat protection element.
- the heat-resistant separating layer comprises in the region in which the bolt is fastened the associated thermal protection element to the metalli ⁇ 's support structure, a recess. Further recesses and openings in the separating layer, in particular in the case of a gas turbine, are likewise provided where the support structure has channels for supplying sealing air into the cavity formed by the heat protection element and the support structure. In this way sealing air can flow into the cavity and the backflow of the heat protection elements and / or the separating layer can be prevented by hot action fluid.
- the heat protection element can preferably also be mechanically held on the metallic support structure with the aid of a tongue and groove connection.
- the object directed to a combustion chamber is achieved according to the invention by a combustion chamber forming a combustion chamber, in particular a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, which is formed from the wall segments described above.
- heat protection elements are attached to a metal support structure of the wall segment.
- the heat protection elements have, for example, the shape of flat or curved polygons with straight or curved edges or of flat, regular polygons. They completely cover the metallic support structure that forms the outer wall of the combustion chamber, except for expansion gaps provided between the heat protection elements. Hot fluid can only penetrate into the expansion gaps up to a heat-resistant separating layer of the wall segment and the heat protection elements not currents. As a result, mechanical holders of the heat protection elements and the metallic support structure are largely protected from damage by hot fluid.
- FIG. 1 wall segment with a separating layer made of a metal grid with filled, honeycomb-shaped cells on a curved supporting structure,
- FIG. 2 enlarged section from FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 wall segment with a separating layer made of a metal felt on a supporting structure provided with m t webs,
- Figure 4 wall segment with a thin coating applied to a support structure as a separating layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a wall segment 1 of a combustion chamber of a gas tower that forms a combustion chamber 2 and is not shown in detail.
- the wall segment 1 comprises a metallic one
- the heat-resistant separating layer 7 consists of a metal grid with honeycomb-shaped cells (not shown in more detail).
- the metal strips of the metal grid forming the honeycomb cells have a height which corresponds to the thickness of the separating layer 7.
- the honeycomb cells of the metal grid are filled with a deformable full material.
- a ceramic heat protection element 9 is attached on the combustion chamber side of the separating layer 7, a ceramic heat protection element 9 is attached.
- the ceramic heat protection element 9 is attached to the metal 10 support structure 3 held.
- the bolt 11 is guided in a bore 10 of the ceramic heat protection element 9, which runs essentially parallel to a normal of a hot gas side 21 of the heat protection element 9, through the region of the center of the heat protection element 9.
- a contact pressure F generated by the bolt 11 is introduced essentially centrally into the heat protection element 9.
- the end of the bolt 11 projects through a bore 12 in the support structure 3. This end of the bolt 11 is closed by a nut 13 to which a spring 15 is assigned.
- the contact pressure F with which the heat protection element 9 is acted on by the bolt 11 can be set by nut 13.
- the embossing depth of the heat protection element 9 m, the separating layer 7 and thus its deformation can also be adjusted at the same time.
- FIG. 2 shows how the heat protection element 9 deforms the separating layer 7 through the contact pressure F and partially penetrates it.
- channels 17 are provided, through which a cavity 19 formed by the heat protection element 9 and the support structure 3 with a separating layer 7 can be acted upon with sealing air S.
- the separating layer 7 is provided at the points of the support structure 3 where channels 17 are provided with corresponding openings, not shown, through which the sealing air S m can enter the cavity 19.
- the separating layer 7 has an opening, not shown, in which the bolt 11 is guided.
- the hot action fluid A When the gas turbine is in operation, the hot action fluid A is generated in the combustion chamber 2.
- the action fluid A is formed by the wall segment 1 on the hot gas side 21 facing the combustion chamber, which is formed by the heat protection elements 9 11 is led.
- the heat protection elements 9 prevent the di ⁇ rect contact of the hot working fluid A with the metallic supporting structure 3.
- Between adjacent heat shield elements 9 of a wall segment 3 22 are provided interface gaps to offset by Lange changes of the heat protection elements 9 due to thermal expansion. Hot action fluid A can penetrate these expansion gaps 22 to the separating layer 7.
- the deformable full material of the heat-resistant separating layer 7 prevents the direct contact of action fluid A with the metallic support structure 3, seals the cavity 19 against the penetration of hot action fluid A, and thus prevents the heat protection elements 9 from flowing through the core the heat protection elements 9 slightly arched and thus additionally seals the cavity 19 against penetrating action fluid A.
- the cavity 19 is acted upon by sealing air S through the channels 17.
- the sealing air S exits the expansion gaps 22 at the points that are not completely sealed off from the hot action fluid A by the separating layer 7, as shown schematically in FIG. Due to the pressure drop generated by the sealing air S from the cavity 19 hm to the combustion chamber, the penetration of action fluid A m prevents the cavity 19.
- the different thermal expansion of the heat protection element 9 and the metallic support structure 3 can lead to relative movements between the heat protection element 9 and the support structure 3 when the gas turbine changes load.
- relative movements can also occur due to pulsations in the combustion chamber, caused by irregular combustion or resonances.
- Such relative movements occurring during operation can also be compensated for by the partially elastically deformable separating layer 7.
- Em increased force input into the heat protection element 9 on the contact surfaces, for example caused by a sudden increase in pressure, can be caused by the 12
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a wall segment 1 for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, not shown, forming a combustion chamber 2.
- the wall segment 1 comprises a metallic support structure 23, a heat-resistant separating layer 25 and a metallic heat protection element 27.
- the metallic support structure 3 has webs 29 which form a respective contact surface for the heat protection element 27.
- the webs 29 are arranged such that the associated heat protection element 27 rests on the webs 29 in the region of the edge of its surface on the supporting structure side.
- the heat protection element 27 thus closes the depression formed by the webs 29 and parts of the support structure 23 in a cover-like manner. At least that channel 31 for supplying sealing air S is provided between two webs 29.
- the metallic heat protection element 27 is spring-mounted on the metallic support structure 23 by means of a bolt 29 (analogous to the bolt described in FIG. 1).
- the separating layer 25 is embodied as a felt made of thin, heat-resistant metal wires (not shown in more detail), which lines the inside of the support structure 23 facing the combustion chamber 2.
- the separating layer 25 has openings in the area of a through-opening 26 of the bolt 29 through the support structure 23 and in the area of the mouth 32 of the channel 31.
- the bolt 29 is guided in the passage opening 26, while sealing air S can flow through the other opening from the channel 31 m through the cavity 33 formed by the heat protection element 27 and the support structure 23.
- the heat protection element 27 deforms the separating layer 25.
- Hot action fluid A cannot penetrate as far as the metallic support structure 23 or the heat protection elements 27 can flow.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a wall segment 1.
- the wall segment 1 comprises a metallic support structure 41 with a heat protection element 47.
- the heat protection element 47 is resiliently attached to the inside 43 of the support structure 41 by means of a bolt 49, analogous to the bolt described in FIG this tied up.
- a heat-resistant separating layer 45 is applied to the support structure 41.
- the heat-resistant separating layer is designed as a thin, heat-resistant coating 45 on the metallic support structure 41.
- the thin, deformable coating 45 fills the entire space between the heat protection element 47 and the support structure 41, so that unevenness in the support structure 41 and / or the heat protection element 47 caused during production or during operation of the system is compensated for.
- the heat protection element 47 cannot be flowed through by the hot action fluid A.
- the action fluid A can penetrate through the expansion gaps 22 formed by adjacent heat protection elements 47 to the heat-resistant coating 45.
- the coating 45 prevents direct contact of the action fluid A with the metallic support structure 41. Relative movements of the heat protection element 47 and the support structure 41 can be compensated for by the elastic and / or plastic deformation of the coating 45. Damage to the heat protection element and / or the support structure 41 is thus avoided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19812074 | 1998-03-19 | ||
DE19812074 | 1998-03-19 | ||
PCT/DE1999/000542 WO1999047874A1 (de) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-01 | Wandsegment für einen brennraum sowie brennraum |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1064510A1 true EP1064510A1 (de) | 2001-01-03 |
EP1064510B1 EP1064510B1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
Family
ID=7861541
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99916770A Expired - Lifetime EP1064510B1 (de) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-01 | Wandsegment für einen brennraum sowie brennraum |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6397765B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1064510B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4172913B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59903399D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999047874A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1302723A1 (de) | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Auskleidung für Innenwände von Brennkammern |
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EP1126221A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gepolsterter Hitzeschildstein zur Auskleidung einer Gasturbinenbrennkammerwand |
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EP1312865A1 (de) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ringbrennkammer für eine Gasturbine |
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- 1999-03-01 DE DE59903399T patent/DE59903399D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-01 JP JP2000537024A patent/JP4172913B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-01 WO PCT/DE1999/000542 patent/WO1999047874A1/de active IP Right Grant
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EP1302723A1 (de) | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Auskleidung für Innenwände von Brennkammern |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6612248B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
JP4172913B2 (ja) | 2008-10-29 |
DE59903399D1 (de) | 2002-12-19 |
EP1064510B1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
WO1999047874A1 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
US20020050237A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
US6397765B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
JP2002506963A (ja) | 2002-03-05 |
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